Kamias “Averrhoa bilimbi L.

” Fruit Extract As An Alternative

Source of Electicity

“The partial fulfillment of requirements in Research S/Y 2017-

2018”

Proponents:

Abenis, James Aldwin c.

Chavez, Rheymond C.

Balquin, Judy M.

Benito, Christine T.

Buella, Angel Mae T.

Morada, Ricca Mae A.

San Juan, Clouie Mae L.

Sta. Clara, Bernadette A.

Submitted to:

Mr. Jesus S. Guray

Research Adviser
 Table of Contents

Title page i

Dedication ii

Acknowledgement iii

Abstract iv

Chapter 1 – Introduction

Chapter 2 – Review of Related Literature

and Studies

Chapter 3 – Methodology

Chapter 4 - Results and Discussion

Chapter 5 – Summary, Conclusions and

Recommendations

Bibliography

Appendices
 Dedication

This study is dedicated to our Research teacher, Mr.

Jesus Guray who persists us to make this project and give

authority to our study.

And above all, our Almighty Father who is the Ultimate

Source of strength, wisdom, power and enlightment that made this

study into a reality.

 Acknowledgement

We, the researchers wish to extend our sincerest

appreciation to the following people who helped make this

research. They are the people who helped and contributed much

for the success of this endeavor.

To our Research Teacher, Mr. Jesus S. Guray for teaching

the fundamentals of research and investigatory writing, for full

support, long patience, encouragement and perseverance he

portrayed.

To Mrs. Julie San Jose, Ms. Maricon Opiana and Mr. Herbert

Artiaga for allowing us to borrow the equipments needed in our

study.

To our parents, who have shown their unending support which

gives also financial support and provided us the necessary

materials we needed.

Above all, we would like to thank God, for his never ending

grace and for answering our prayers in times of need.

 Abstract

This study explored the possibility of Kamias fruit as

an alternative source of electricity. The study aimed to produce

electricity out of kamias fruit extract and to be able to find a

significant difference in the voltage produced when method of

extraction, form of extract and amount of extract are varied.

Different factors may affect the potential voltage of

Kamias fruit extract such as the water and jelly used in the

jelly form of extract. The ethanol added in the extraction also

affected the voltage. Using the zinc plates and carbon rods

obtained in old batteries the extract was tested along with a

multitester. Measurement was done for three trials. The results

was recorded and analyzed using Two-Way Anova.

The researchers revealed that Kamias fruit extract could

be a viable alternative source of electricity. The researchers

find out that there is significant difference on the amount of

voltage measured from liquid and jelly form of kamias fruit

extract obtained through pure and ethanol extraction. The

researchers also discovered that varying the amount of extract

doesn’t affect the amount of voltage measured.

 Chapter 1

Introduction

A. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The 21st century is an era by which technologies become

part of human lives. People exert efforts to produce/create

technologies that can lighten up human's work. But in order for

this technologies to work or function, electricity is needed. In

our country, which is abreast to technologies, electricity

becomes a huge demand causing scarcity to the resources needed

by power plants for electricity generation. Different sources

are now used to generate electricity. There are renewable

sources that are used such as water, sunlight, and wind. There

are also nonrenewable sources such as coal and fossil fuels.

Both renewable and non-renewable sources are used for

electricity generation because both were found in nature.

Despite it’s advantages in electricity generation it also bring

us disadvantages affecting humans and the environment, causing

pollution in land, water and air. This pollution affects humans

because for example when we inhale polluted air, it can cause

diseases in our body system.

In line with this, the researchers introduce Kamias, not

just as a popular ingredient in cooking but also as a source of

electricity. Kamias is a small tree that thrives in the

Philippines in a cultivated and semi cultivated state. This tree

is popular and abundant throughout the country and is propagated

by using the seeds. This tree can found on backyards, sidewalks,

and vacant areas. Aside from it's role in cooking, the fruit of

this tree can be a new source of electricity.

In agreement with this, the researchers conducts the

study entitled: "Kamias (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) Fruit extract As

Alternative Source of Electricity" to prove that Kamias is

really a viable/good source of electricity. Consequently

providing an environment friendly, low cost and accessible

source of electricity.

Since there is a strong desire to improve our way of

living, electricity must be continuously generated. On the

contrary, processes and materials needed for electricity

generation causes hazards to humans and to the environment.

Therefore, a clean, low cost, and readily source of electricity

is needed.

The researchers conducted this study to prove that Kamias

is really a good source of electricity and can be an alternative

source of electricity. The study also provide us knowledge about

the other benefits that we can get from Kamias.

B.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to investigate the feasibility of Kamias

“Averrhoa bilimbi L.” fruit extract as an alternative source of

electricity. Specifically it sought to answer the following

questions:

1. Is kamias “Averrhoa bilimbi L.” fruit extract can be used

in producing reliable source of electricity?

2. Is there a significant difference in the amount of

voltage measured from liquid form and in the amount of

voltage measured from jelly form of kamias “Averrhoa

bilimbi L.” fruit extract obtained through pure and

ethanol extraction?

3. How does the amount of kamias “Averrhoa bilimbi L.” fruit

extract affect the amount of voltage measured?

C.OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this study is to:

 To prove that kamias extract can be used in producing a

viable alternative source of electricity.

 To determine the significant difference on the amount of

voltage measured from liquid form and jelly form of kamias

fruit extract obtained through pure and ethanol extraction.

 To find out if the amount of Kamias Fruit extract affect

the amount of voltage measured

D.HYPOTHESES

Considering the problem, the following hypotheses are

formulated:

1. Ha: If the Kamias fruit extract can be used in

producing electricity, then it can be a reliable

source of electricity.

Ho: If the Kamias fruit extract cannot be used in

producing electricity, then it cannot be a reliable

source of electricity.

2. Ha: There is significant difference on the amount of

voltage measured from liquid and jelly form of kamias

fruit extract obtained through pure and ethanol

extraction.

Ho: There is no significant difference on the amount

of voltage measured from liquid and jelly form of

kamias fruit extract obtained through pure and

ethanol extraction.

3. Ha: If the volume of kamias fruit extract that will be

put is higher, then more electricity will be produced.

Ho: If the volume of kamias fruit extract that will

put is lower, then less electricity will be produced.

E. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The findings of this study will benefit the farmers,

homeowners, students, employees, researchers and the future

researchers:

Homeowners, Students and Employee

This study will provide the energy sector of our country, a

green alternative source of electricity which will reduce the

use of materials that have hazardous effects to human and

environment. Hence, it will not affect the human health. Also it

is eco-friendly, so that it may decreases the air and land

pollution. Furthermore, the positive results of this study could

also assure people with inexpensive and accessible source of

electricity.

Farmers

Moreover, this study introduces a new application of kamias

thus, further increasing the demand for this tree. With this

effect, farmers in our country could have extra income by

providing the needed supply of kamias fruit.

Researchers

It will help them broaden their knowledge about the

feasibility of Kamias “Averrhoa bilimbi L.” fruit extract as an

alternative source of electricity. This study will help them

uncover critical areas in the educational process that many

researchers were not able to explore.

Future Researchers

It is significant for the future researchers because they

can use this study to be a source of the new research problem

and giving them an idea to new kind of design, or tool. This

study will also serve as their cross-reference that will give

them an overview to further improve something.

F. SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This study of Grade-10 Isaac students of Cararayan National

High School S/Y 2017-2018 focused in making an alternative

source of electricity through Kamias “Averrhoa bilimbi L.” fruit

extract. In order to assess the said study, the kamias fruit

extract will be obtained through pure and ethanol extraction.

The main materials needed are kamias fruit extract, gelatin

powder, ethyl alcohol, carbon rod and zinc plate (old batteries)

and multi-tester. Thereafter, the researchers will measure the

voltage at different set-ups and treatments. However, this study

is only limited to the component of the extract responsible for

electricity generation since the material was not subjected to

chemical analysis. This restriction might be an additional

recommendation for future researches. The researchers will

perform this study on March 1, 2018 to March 4, 2018. All

experiments and observations will be done at Cararayan National

High School, Cararayan Naga City.

G.OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

To understand and clarify the terms used in this study, the

following are hereby defined:

Carbon Rod

That will serve as the positive electrode (anode) of the

external circuit connected to kamias fruit exract.

Gelatin Powder

A dried powder used to create a firm form of extract.

Multi-tester

Also known as a VOM (volt-ohm-milliammeter), is an

electronic measuring instrument that combines several

measurement functions in one unit. It will used to measure the

amount of voltage from kamias fruit extract.

Zinc Plate

It will serve as the negative electrode (cathode) of the

external circuit connected to kamias fruit extract.

 Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents the related literature and studies

after the thorough and in-depth search done by the researchers.

Those that were included in this chapter helps in familiarizing

information that are relevant and similar to the present study.

Related Literature

Introduction

Notable environmental problems were faced by people in the

beginning of 21st century. This includes overpopulation, ozone

depletion, global warming, heavy rains and floods, stronger

typhoons and climate change. The said problems became a global

issue. As a response, organizations are created and researchers

are made to deal with these issues.

Today various human activities contribute to

environmental degradation. Like excessive release of gases,

harmful chemicals and radiations. Another example is the

generation of electricity. But since electricity is very

important in daily lives of humans. The search for clean, green,

alternative source of electricity should be produced and prevent

the degradation of environment.

Electricity Generation

According to Bose (2010) Nowadays, electricity became the form

of energy with the highest demand. This is necessary for the

operation of technologies that people created. In order to meet

the demand of electricity, powerplants use different sources;

like fossil fuels, nuclear energy, hydropower, solar and wind

energy.

According to Petrina (2007), Most of electricity in our

country obtained from electric power plants through the use of

fossil fuels. In line with this, carbon dioxide emissions from

electricity generation cause air pollution and contribute to

global warming that can be a source of human diseases.

Green Electricity

Because of the harmful effects of electricity generation.

People find ways to discover alternative green clean, natural

source of electricity. In relation to this, scientist used

different plants as potential source of green electricity.

As stated on the U.S. Environment Protection Agency (2012).

According to Renico (2012), Fruits and vegetables can be a

green alternative source of electricity. Commonly use are lemon

and potato. Results showed that juices from fruits and

vegetables have electrolytes needed for electricity.

 Based on Stanford University (2010), Divergently electricity

from algae was connect. The process of photosynthesis in food

production of plants is included in the study. They explain that

electrons from water are given with high energy from the sun.

Kamias “Averrhoa bilimbi L.”

Kamias is a small tree that thrives in the Philippines in

a cultivated and semi cultivated state. Chemical constituents

include amino acids, citric acid, cyanidin-3-O-b-D-glucoside,

phenolics, potassium ion, sugars, and vitamin A. Flavonoids and

saponins are produced by its bark and the extract of its fruit.

This is why it is used as antibacterial, febrifuge, astringent ,

, antidiabetic and refrigerant. Studies haves shown

antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antioxidant,

antifertility, and antibacterial activities.

This tree is popular and abundant throughout the country and

is propagated by using the seeds. This tree can found on

backyards, sidewalks, and vacant areas. Aside from it's role in

cooking, the fruit of this tree can provide an environment

friendly, low cost and accessible source of electricity.

Related Studies

Toledo J., Garces D.A. and Fallejo J. (2012-2013) studied

the effectiveness of kamias, lemon, lime and calamansi extract

as an alternative component for dry cell. This study revealed

that out of readily available source it can produce

electricity. The study also showed that there is a difference in

terms of voltage. Therefore, the researchers jump into the

conclusion that citrus fruits such as Kamias, Lemon, Lime and

Calamansi can also be an alternative component in making dry

cell.

According to Sunarto (2012), a resident in a village in

Indonesia, concluded that kamias “Averrhoa bilimbi L.” can be

used to produce electrical energy. Deduction of electricity from

kamias originated from the concern that many places in Indonesia

don’t use electricity. He explained the process on how to

produce electricity out of it. First, the fruit should be mashed

to get extract. Next, soil media in a glass of mineral water is

used. Last, wires of copper and zinc were connected. The result

electrical energy, up to 5 volts, enough to turn on the lights.

Electricity was produced because of high acidity of the fruit

enabling it to produce ions and electrons. 10 kamias “Averrhoa

bilimbi L.” fruits are needed to create up to 2.5 volts. The

electricity of the star fruit based on Sunarto’s experience can

last up to one month. Sunarto still work on his findings and

wants to develop his invention into portable energy products

like batteries to help more people.

Conceptual Framework

Figure 1. Paradigm showing the relationships among the variables in this study.

The framework shows that the electrolytes in the kamias

fruits are needed for electricity generation. The voltage

measured from different treatments done will be compared to one

another to evaluate and know if there are significant

differences in the voltage measured from liquid form and jelly

form of kamias fruit extract obtained through pure and ethanol

extraction. This will reveal if the kamias extract can be used

in producing a viable alternative source of electricity.

 Chapter III

Methodology

This chapter clearly defines the research methods

used to find the viability of Kamias as Source of Electricity.

The researcher explains how the necessary data and information

to address the research objectives and questions w a s c o l l e c t e d

, presented and analyzed.

A. Materials

The following materials will be used:

 1kg Kamias Fruit

 100g Gelatin Powder

 500ml Ethyl Alcohol

 100ml Water

 Face mask

 gloves

Equipment:

 3 Beakers

 1 Funnel

 3 Stirring rod

 3 Thermometer

 3 Alcohol Lamp

 1 Gram Balance
  3 Strainer

 3 Tripod

 3 Wire Gauze

 3 Filter Paper

 1 Blender

 3 Multitester

B. The Method of Research

This study is an experimental research because the

researchers manipulated different variables, control and

measure changes in other variables. In this research, they

want to prove that kamias extract can be used in producing

a viable alternative source of electricity.

The investigation utilized quantitative approach in

relation to the test regarding the viability of Kamias as

Source of Electricity. On the other hand, quantitative

method is compatible with the study because it allows

the research problem to be conducted in a very specific and

set terms (Cooper & Schindler, 1998).

C. Procedures

I. Gathering of Materials/Equipment

Different materials were first gathered before

doing the actual experimentation. The researchers

gathered kamias fruit, gelatin powder, ethyl alcohol,

water, face mask, gloves and old batteries. Different

equipment were borrowed including beakers, stirring

rod, funnel,thermometer, alcohol lamp, gram balance,

strainer, tripod, wire gauze, blender and multitester.

II. Accumulation of Zinc Plate and Carbon Rod

Old batteries were gathered by the researchers.

The carbon rods were obtained from the batteries.

Since the carbon rod contained toxic chemicals, the

researchers must wear gloves and face mask. In this

process, the zinc plates and carbon rods were

collected.

III. Preparation of Kamias Extract

A. Pure Extraction

The researchers collected kamias fruit.

Subsequently, the fruit were put in a blender. In

the end, fruits were placed in soft cloth and

squeezed to get the pure extract/juice.

B.Ethanol Extraction
 Kamias fruit were collected and placed in a

blender to obtain the pure extract of the material.

Next, 100 grams of fruit was put in a regeant

bottle. Afterwards, 250 ml of ethyl alcohol was

poured. Finally, extract which was refreshed for 10

hours for filtration design was filtered through a

funnel with filter paper.

IV. Varying the Amount of Kamias Fruit Extract

The researchers varied the amount of kamias fruit

extract obtained through pure and ethanol extraction for

each treatment. 50 ml of extract was assigned to

Treatment I, 100 ml for Treatment II, and 150 ml for

Treatment III.

V. Preparation of Jelly Form of Kamias Fruit Extract

In the beaker, 50ml amount of water was heated to

70oC. When the water reached the 70oC temperature, 10g of

gelatin powder was added into the water and continuously

stirred. Before the solution solidifies, the assigned

amount of extract per treatment was poured without

stopping the stirring process. Materials were immediately

removed from heat.

VI. Testing

Zinc plate and carbon rod were installed to every

treatment. The multitester was calibrated into 2.5 DCV(to

 get the exact measurement) and was connected with the

electrodes to measure voltage. Measurement was done for

three trials. Along these lines, voltage measured from

every treatment was recorded.

VII. Process of Data Analysis

In order to test to find the viability of Kamias as

Source of Electricity, the researchers prepared two

different set-ups and under each set-up there are three

treatments. In this study, the amount of kamias extract

and the form of extract were the independent variable.

The researchers applied statistical principle in the

process of quantitative data analysis The results

obtained from different set-ups were analyzed using Two-

Factor ANOVA which compare the effect of multiple levels

of two factors and multiple observations at each level.

D. Experimental Design

Gathering of Materials and

Equipment

Development of the Research Instrument

(Preparation of Kamias Extract)

Set-up 1 Set-up 2
(Liquid Form (Jelly Form
of Extract) of Extract)

Pure Extraction vs.

Ethanol Extraction

Treatment I- Treatment II- Treatment III-

50ml extract 100ml extract 150ml extract

Trial Testing
Measuring voltage per treatment in 2 set-ups for
three trials.

Data Gathering

Tabulation and Statistical Analysis

of Consequences

Present Result
 CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The researchers conducted several experiments.

Subsequently, data and results obtained from these experiments

were recorded in tabulated from in this chapter. After each

table of data, interpretations of these results were discussed.

In the aid of these interpretations, the researchers could have

initial assessment of the hypotheses presented in this paper

TABLE 4.1:Pure vs. Ethanol Extraction (Liquid Form of Extract)

VARIED AMOUNT OF EXTRACT

METHOD OF
50mL 100mL 150mL
EXTRACTION
T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3

PURE 19V 18V 14V 20V 19V 19V 19V 20V 20V
EXTRACTION
17V 19.33V 19.67V

ETHANOL 13V 13V 11V 11V 12V 15V 15V 14V 13V
EXTRACTION
12.33V 12.67V 14V

Hypotheses:

Rows

Ho: There is no significant difference on the amount of voltage

measured from liquid form of kamias fruit extract obtained

through pure and ethanol extraction.

Ha: There is a significant difference on the amount of voltage

measured from liquid form of kamias fruit extract obtained

through pure and ethanol extraction.

Columns

Ho: There is no significant difference on the amount of voltage

measured from varying amount of kamias fruit extract.

Ha: There is a significant difference on the amount of voltage

measured from varying amount of kamias fruit extract.

Interaction

Ho: There is no interaction.

Ha: There is an interaction.

Summary:

Source of Sum of Degrees Mean F Ratios

Variation Squares of Squares
Freedom
Rows 144.5 1 144.5 60.21
Columns 14.34 2 7.17 2.99
Interaction 2.86 2 1.43 0.6
Within 28.8 12 2.4
Total 190.5 17
F-Ratios

𝑀𝑆𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑠 𝑀𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑠 𝑀𝑆𝑟𝑥𝑐

𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑠 = 𝐹𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑠 = 𝐹𝑟𝑥𝑐 =
𝑀𝑆𝑤𝑔
𝑀𝑆𝑤𝑔 𝑀𝑆𝑤𝑔

144.5
= 7.17 1.43
2.4 = =
2.4 2.4

= 60.21
= 2.99 = 0.6

Conclusions And Significance Of The F-Ratios

A. Fr
1. Crirical value with (1,12) degrees of freedom=4.75

2. Fr=60.21 this is greater than the critical value.

Therefore, we reject the Ho for Rows.

The Probability of this F Ratio happening just by chance

is <.05.

3. The Pure extraction of Kamias fruit is significantly

different from Ethanol extraction.

B. Fc
1. Critical value with (2,12) degrees of freedom=3.89

2. Fc=2.99 this is less than the critical value. Therefore,

we reject Ha for Columns.

The Probability of this F Ratio happening just by chance

is >.05.
 3. There is no significant difference on the amount of

voltage measured from varying amount of Kamias fruit

extract.

Because there are three different column mean, we must compare

them by computation using HSD where q=3.77

𝑀𝑠𝑤𝑔 2.4
HSD= 𝑞 ∙ √ = 3.77·√ = 3.44∙ √0.4= 3.77∙0.63= 2.38
𝑛 6

Compare the column mean.

 x̅c1 - x̅c2=14.67-16=1.33

 x̅c1- x̅c3=14.67-16.83=2.16

 x̅c2- x̅c3=16-16.83=0.83

Because all the comparisons are less than the HSD all the

different amount of liquid extraction are not significantly

different from one another.

C. Frxc
1. Critical value with (2,12) degrees of freedom=3.89

2. Fc=0.6 this is less than the critical value. Therefore,

we reject Ha for Columns.

The Probability of this F Ratio happening just by chance

is >.05.
 25

20

15
Pure Extractiion
Ethanol Extraction
10

0
50 mL 100 mL 150 mL

Figure 4.1. Pure vs. Ethanol Extraction (Liquid Form of Extract)

On the first setup, statistical analysis showed that

there is a significant difference on the amount of voltage

measured from liquid form extract obtained through pure and

ethanol extraction. The results revealed that the liquid form

of extract obtained through pure extraction yield higher

voltage than ethanol extraction.

TABLE 4.2:Pure vs. Ethanol Extraction (Jelly Form of Extract)

VARIED AMOUNT OF EXTRACT

METHOD OF
EXTRACTION 50mL 100mL 150mL
T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3 T1 T2 T3
PURE 14V 15V 13.5V 15V 15V 14V 15V 13V 15V
EXTRACTION
14.17V 14.67V 14.33V
ETHANOL 16V 16V 18V 17V 18V 18V 19V 19V 18V
EXTRACTION
16.67V 17.67V 18.67V
Hypotheses:

Rows

Ho: There is no significant difference on the amount of voltage

measured from jelly form form of kamias fruit extract obtained

through pure and ethanol extraction.

Ha: There is a significant difference on the amount of voltage

measured from jelly form of kamias fruit extract obtained

through pure and ethanol extraction.

Columns

Ho: There is no significant difference on the amount of voltage

measured from varying amount of kamias fruit extract.

Ha: There is a significant difference on the amount of voltage

measured from varying amount of kamias fruit extract.

Interaction

Ho: There is no interaction.

Ha: There is an interaction.

SUMMARY

Source of Sum of Degrees of Mean F Ratios

Variation Squares Freedom Squares
Rows 48.35 1 48.35 68.10
Columns 3.7 2 1.85 2.61
Interaction 2.67 2 1.335 1.88
Within 8.52 12 0.71
Total 63.24 17

F-Ratios

𝑀𝑆𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑠
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑠 = 𝑀𝑆𝑤𝑔

48.35
=
0.71

= 68.10

𝑀𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑠
𝐹𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑠 =
𝑀𝑆𝑤𝑔

1.85
=
0.71

= 2.61

𝑀𝑆𝑟𝑥𝑐
𝐹𝑟𝑥𝑐 =
𝑀𝑆𝑤𝑔

1.335
=
0.71

= 1.88
Conclusions And Significance Of The F-Ratios

A. Fr

4. Crirical value with (1,12) degrees of freedom=4.75

5. Fr=68.10 this is greater than the critical value.

Therefore, we reject the Ho for Rows.

The Probability of this F Ratio happening just by chance

is <.05.

6. The Pure extraction of Kamias fruit jelly form is

significantly different from Ethanol extraction.

B. Fc

4. Critical value with (2,12) degrees of freedom=3.89

5. Fc=2.61 this is less than the critical value. Therefore,

we reject Ha for Columns.

The Probability of this F Ratio happening just by chance

is >.05.

6. There is no significant difference on the amount of

voltage measured from varying amount of Kamias fruit

extract.

Because there are three different column mean, we must

compare them by computation using HSD where q=3.77

𝑀𝑠𝑤𝑔 0.71
HSD= 𝑞 ∙ √ = 3.77·√ = 3.44∙ √0.12= 3.77∙0.35= 1.32
𝑛 6

Compare the column mean.

 x̅c1 - x̅c2=15.42-16.17=0.75

 x̅c1- x̅c3=15.42-16.5=1.08

 x̅c2- x̅c3=16.17-16.5=0.33

Because all the comparisons are less than the HSD all the

different amount of liquid extraction are not significantly

different from one another.

C. Frxc

3. Critical value with (2,12) degrees of freedom=3.89

4. Fc=1.88 this is less than the critical value. Therefore,

we reject Ha for Columns.

The Probability of this F Ratio happening just by chance

is >.05.

20

18

16

14

12

10

4
Pure Extraction
2
Ethanol Extraction
0
50 mL 100 mL 150 mL

Figure 4.2. Pure vs. Ethanol Extraction (Jelly Form of Extract)

 On the second setup, showed that there is a significant

difference in the amount of voltage measured from jelly form

extract obtained through pure and ethanol extraction. The

results revealed that ethanol extraction in jelly form generates

higher amount of voltage than the pure extraction which is in

jelly form.
 Chapter 5

Summary Of Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations

Summary of Findings

This study entitled “Kamias as an alternative source of

electricity” aims to prove if Kamias fruit extract could be a

possible source of electricity and to determine if there would

be a significant difference when the method of extraction, form

of extraction and amount of extract are varied.

The researchers prepared two setups and under each setups

there are three treatments. For the second setup, gelatin

powder, and amount of water used in each treatment were

controlled. Then, voltage was measured in each treatment per

setup for three times using a multitester.

The researchers attain their main goal to prove that

kamias extract can be used in producing a viable alternative

source of electricity. Two-Way ANOVA was used to analyze the

gathered data from different setups. The results are summarized

as follows.

On the first setup, statistical analysis showed that there

is a significant difference on the amount of voltage measured

from liquid form extract obtained through pure and ethanol

extraction. The results revealed that the liquid form of extract

obtained through pure extraction yield higher voltage than

ethanol extraction.

On the second setup, showed that there is a significant

difference in the amount of voltage measured from jelly form

extract obtained through pure and ethanol extraction. The

results showed that ethanol extraction in jelly form generates

higher amount of voltage than the pure extraction which is in

jelly form.

The researchers also found out that varying the amount of

extract doesn’t affect the amount of voltage measured.

Conclusion

Based on the findings, the researchers therefore conclude that

Kamias fruit extract could be a viable alternative source of

electricity. Moreover, the researchers revealed that there is

significant difference on the amount of voltage measured from

liquid and jelly form of kamias fruit extract obtained through

pure and ethanol extraction. The researchers also discovered

that varying the amount of extract doesn’t affect the amount of

voltage measured.
 Recommendations

Based on the study carried out, the following recommenadtions

are made:

 Researchers would like to propose the accompanying to other

individuals who think about seeking after this study.

 Convert the extract in a form that will facilitate simpler

and more stable voltage measurement.

 Subject the extract to synthetic examination to determine

the component responsible for electricity generation.

 Build up an approach to to harness electricity from the

extract.
 Bibliography

Bales,Donalito, Jr. (n.d.). The Potential of spoiled kamias

fruit as an electrolyte of the common cel. Retrieved

December 15, 2017, from

http://scinet.dost.gov.ph/union/ShowSearchRe

sult.php?s=2&f=&p=&x=&page=&sid=1&id=The Potential of

spoiled kamias fruit as an electrolyte of the common

cell&Mtype=PROJECTS

Deziel, C. (2018, February 12). Why Do Citrus Fruits Produce

Electricity? Retrieved March 01, 2018, from

https://sciencing.com/do-citrus-fruits-produce-electricity-

5167602.html

Fallejo, J. A., Garces, D. D., & Toledo, J. N (2013, February

17). The Utilization of Kamias Averrhoa Bilimbi , Lemon

Citrus Limonium , Lime Cituse Auretifolea and Calamansi

Citrofortunella Microcarpa Extract as an. Retrieved March

08, 2018, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/The

Utilization-Of-Kamias-Averrhoa-Bilimbi-1431526.html

Malunggay Bark Extract As Alternative Source. (n.d.). Retrieved

March 08, 2018, from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/

biology/ malunggay-bark-extract-as-alternative-source

biology-essay.php
 Appendices

Gathering of Materials/Equipment

Accumulation of Zinc Plate and Carbon Rod

Preparation of Kamias Extract (Pure and Ethanol Extraction)

Varying the Amount of Kamias Fruit Extract

Preparation of Jelly Form of Kamias Fruit Extract

Testing