Kerala Tech University MTech Geotech Curriculum

KERALA
TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY
Master of Technology
Curriculum, Syllabus and Course Plan
Cluster : 01
Branch : Civil Engineering
Stream : Geotechnical Engineering
Year : 2015
No. of Credits : 67
Kerala Technological University
Master of Technology – Curriculum, Syllabus & Course Plan
SEMESTER 1
End Semester
Examination Slot
Examination
Course Number
Internal Marks
Name L-T-P
Duration
Credits
(hours)
Marks
A 01CE6201 Theoretical Geomechanics 3-0-0 40 60 3 3
B 01CE6203 Fundamentals of Soil Behavior 3-1-0 40 60 3 4
Earth Pressure and Retaining
C 01CE6205 3-1-0 40 60 3 4
Structures
Subsurface Investigation and
D 01CE6207 3-0-0 40 60 3 3
Instrumentation
E Elective I 3-0-0 40 60 3 3
S 01CE6999 Research Methodology 0-2-0 100 2
T 01CE6291 Seminar I 0-0-2 100 2
U 01CE6293 Experimental Geotechniques I 0-0-2 100 1
TOTAL 15-4-4 500 300 - 22
TOTAL CONTACT HOURS : 23
TOTAL CREDITS : 22
Elective I
01CE6211 Expansive Soils
01CE6213 Rock Mechanics And Tunnel Engineering
01CE6215 Earth And Rock Fill Dams
01CE6217 Application of Computational Methods to Geotechnical
Engineering Problems
Cluster: 1 Branch: Civil Engineering Stream: Geotechnical Engineering
2
SEMESTER 2
End Semester
Examination Slot
Examination
Course Number
Internal Marks
Name L-T-P
Duration
Credits
(hours)
Marks
A 01CE6202 Advanced Foundation Engineering 3-1-0 40 60 3 4
Soil Dynamics and Machine
B 01CE6204 3-0-0 40 60 3 3
Foundation
Finite Element Analysis for
C 01CE6206 3-0-0 40 60 3 3
Geomechanics
D Elective II 3-0-0 40 60 3 3
E Elective III 3-0-0 40 60 3 3
V 01CE6292 Mini Project 0-0-4 100 4 2
U 01CE6294 Experimental Geotechniques II 0-0-2 100 2 1
TOTAL 15-1-6 400 300 - 19

TOTAL CREDITS : 19
Elective II
01CE6212 Reinforced Soil and Geosynthetics
01CE6214 Landslide Engineering
01CE6216 Ground Improvement Techniques
Elective III
01CE6218 Underground Excavations
01CE6222 Environmental Geotechniques
01CE6224 Soil Structure Interaction
01CE6226 Special Foundations and Structural Design of Foundations
3
SEMESTER 3
End Semester
Examination Slot
Examination
Course Number
Internal Marks
Name L-T-P
Duration
Credits
(hours)
Marks
A Elective IV 3-0-0 40 60 3 3
B Elective V 3-0-0 40 60 3 3
T 01CE7291 Seminar II 0-0-2 100 2
W 01CE7293 Project (Phase 1) 0-0-12 50 6
TOTAL 6-0-14 230 120 - 14

TOTAL CREDITS : 14
Elective IV
01CE7211 Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering
01CE7213 Behaviour and Testing of Unsaturated Soils
01CE7215 Soil Stabilisation
01CE7217 Constitutive Modelling in Geomechanics
Elective V
01CE7219 Geo-environment and Landfill
01CE7221 Critical State Soil Mechanics
01CE7223 Forensic Geotechnical Engineering
4
SEMESTER 4
End Semester
Examination Slot
Examination
Course Number
Internal Marks
Name L-T-P
Duration
(hours)
Marks
Credit
W 01CE7294 Project (Phase 2) 0-0-23 70 30 12
TOTAL 0-0-23 70 30 - 12

TOTAL CREDITS : 12
TOTAL NUMBER OF CREDITS: 67
5
SEMESTER - I
Syllabus and Course Plan
6
Course No. Course Name L-T-P Credits Year of Introduction

01CE6201 Theoretical Geomechanics 3-0-0 3 2015
Course Objectives
To know the necessary mathematical concepts and terminology to define geotechnical problems, to
grasp the essence of modelling in geotechnical research and design and to equip students with the
skills entailed in the application of the principles of Geomechanics to the solution of commonly
encountered problems in geotechnical engineering.
Syllabus
Stress-strain relations: Equations of compatibility; Invariants of stress; Invariants of strain-

volumetric strain; Special matrices; Principal planes, principal stresses and strains; plane stress and
plane strain; Mohr’s diagram; Rheological properties and rheological models; Stress-deformation
behaviour of soil subject to loading; Determination of Rheological constants- Experiments by Geuze
and Tan; Stresses and displacement in soil; Distributed loads at the surface of semi-infinite mass
(three dimensional); Failure criteria; Failure loci in deviatoric plane and principal stress space;
Hvorselev’s parameters; Stress paths; Pore pressure developed in soil by applied stresses;
Determination of Pore pressure coefficients.
Expected Outcome
1. Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to deal the research
works on behavior of soils
References
1. Harr M. E. (1966), Theoretical Soil Mechanics, McGraw Hill Inc., New York.
2. Scott F. (1963), Principles of mechanics, Addison – Wesley London (GB)
3. Head K. H. ( 1998), Manual of soil Laboratory Testing, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, England
4. Atkinson,J.H and Bransby P.L.(1978), The Mechanics of Soils, McGraw-Hill Book
Company(UK) Ltd
7
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
Stress-strain relations
Soil deformation under applied stress. Concept of stress and strain 7
I 15%
Equilibrium equations, Equations ofcompatibility. Stress-strain relations.
Invariants of stress, Invariants of strain-volumetric strain
Special matrices
Principal planes, principal stresses and strains. Octahedral stresses
II 15%
and strains. Special matrices- spherical stresses and strains, Deviator 6
stresses and strains, plane stress and plainstrain, Mohr’s diagram.
FIRST INTERNAL EXAM
Rheological properties and rheological models
Rheological properties of material, Rheological equation of state, 6
III Rheological models – Elastic, Plastic, Elasto-plastic and Visco-elastic 15
models, Stress-deformation behaviour of soil subject to loading,
Determination of Rheological constants- Experiments by Geuze and
Tan.
Stresses and displacement in soil
Stresses and displacement in soil, Basic solutions of Boussinesq and 7
Westerguaard line force (two dimensional cases), Distributed Line
IV Loads (two dimensional), 15
Concentrated force (three dimensional), Distributed loads at the
surface of semi-infinite mass (three dimensional ).
SECOND INTERNAL EXAM
Failure criteria
V Stress conditions at failure, Tresca, Von Misess, Mohr – Coulomb 20
8
failure conditions. Failure loci in deviatoric plane and principal stress
space, Hvorselev’s parameters.
Stress paths
VI Stress paths, Characteristics of Stress path plots, Stress paths for
8 20
triaxial compression. Pore pressure developed in soil by applied
stresses, Determination of Pore pressure coefficients.
END SEMESTER EXAM
8

01CE6203 Fundamentals of soil behavior 3-1-0 4 2015
Course Objectives
1. To create a research interest in the students in the field of Soil Mechanics.
2. To give the students an idea of the formation and structure of soils.
3. To make the students appreciate soil as a vital construction material and soil
mechanics in the engineering of civil infrastructure.
4. To make the students understand relationships between physical characteristics of
soils and mechanical characteristics such as strength and compressibility
Syllabus
A historical perspective of Geotechnical Engineering and soil formation and classification; Forces
acting on soil particles; Soil fabric; Clay mineralogy; Clay particle interaction; Clay water relations;
Compression of soils; compaction; consolidation; Settlement of soils; Shear strength of soils; Mohr’s
circle; Liquefaction; sensitivity; thixotropy; Determination of pore water pressure; Skempton’s
equation for pore water pressure; Henkel’s modification of pore water pressure equation
Expected Outcome
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to:
1. The students will have an idea about the behaviour of soils under loading and thus help
them to design a suitable foundation for the structure
2. The knowledge of the subject will help the students to apply fundamental soil
mechanics principles to common civil engineering applications
References
1. James K. Mitchell and K. Soga, Fundamentals of Soil Behaviour, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 3rd
Edition, 2005.
2. Hotlz, R.D and Kovacs, W.D., Introduction Geotechnical Engineering, Prentice-Hall, 1981
3. Braja. M. Das., Advanced soil mechanics, McGraw Hill, 1997.
4. Lambe, T.W. and Whitman R.V. Soil Mechanics in S.I. Units John Wiley, 1979.
5. Braja, M. Das, Fundamentals of Geotechnical Engineering, Brooks/Cole, Thomson Learning
Academic Resource, Centre, ISBN-O-534-37114-0.
6. Malcolm D. Bolton, A guide to soil mechanics, Universities Press (India) Private
Ltd.,Hyderabad, India, 2003, ISBN 81 7371-245-8.
9
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
A historical perspective of Geotechnical Engineering and soil

formation and classification
A brief history of geotechnical engineering – Pioneers of 9
Geotechnical Engineering and their contributions
Soil formation: Weathering – mechanical and chemical weathering –
residual and transported soils – soil deposits
I Soil classification: Coarse grained and fine grained soils - Grain size
15
distribution and soil classification as per Unified soil classification
and BIS classification systems
Forces acting on soil particles: Gravitational force – bonding force –
specific surface – computation of specific surface
Soil fabric: single grained structure – honeycomb structure –
flocculent structure – dispersed structure – coarse grained skeleton –
cohesive matrix
Clay mineralogy
Fundamental units: Silica tetrahedron, alumina octahedron, silica
sheet, alumina sheet 9
Types of clay minerals: kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite
II Clay particle interaction: Electrical forces on clay particles – 15
attractive – repulsive forces -
Clay water relations: adsorbed water – adsorption complex – base
exchange capacity – calculation of base exchange capacity - diffuse
double layer – colloid potential
FIRST INTERNAL EXAM
Compression of soils
Definition of compaction – Principles of compaction 9
Compaction test – interpretation of results – factors affecting
compaction
Field compaction – compaction control in field
III Definition of consolidation – Mechanism of consolidation – Spring 15
analogy
Types of soil compression – initial compression – primary
consolidation – secondary consolidation
Theory of 1D consolidation : assumptions - derivation – isocrones –
coefficient of consolidation
10
Solution to Terzaghi’s 1D consolidation equation: Solution –degree

of consolidation – time factor – Problems
Settlement of soils
Types of settlement - elastic settlement – consolidation settlement 9
Computation of elastic settlement: influence factor – Schmertmann’s
method
Computation of consolidation settlement: 1D consolidation test –
presentation of results – deformation time plot - pressure void ratio
plot – interpretation of results – coefficient of consolidation – square
IV root time method – log time method – void ratio settlement relation 15
– coefficient of compressibility – coefficient of volume
compressibility – compression and swelling indices – Computation
of consolidation settlement - problems
Virgin compression line – Normally consolidated soil – Over
consolidated soil – preconsolidation pressure
Secondary consolidation: Concept – computation of secondary
consolidation settlement – problems
Shear strength of soils
Introduction: Definition – factors affecting shear strength – shear
failure – examples 10
Computation of shear strength : Mohr Coulomb failure criterion –
V Mohr’s circle – failure envelope – orientation of failure plane 20
Determination of shear strength parameters: Direct shear test –
interpretation of results – triaxial test – interpretation of results –
peak friction angle – ultimate friction angle - residual strength –
critical void ratio –
Liquefaction – sensitivity – thixotropy
Determination of pore water pressure
Pore water pressure due to isotropic stress application 10
VI Pore water pressure due to uniaxial loading
20
Skempton’s equation for pore water pressure developed under
triaxial test conditions
Henkel’s modification of pore water pressure equation
END SEMESTER EXAM
11

Earth Pressure and Retaining
01CE6205 3-1-0 4 2015
Structures
Course Objectives
1. To impart in-depth knowledge about the mechanism of development of earth

pressure
2. To impart knowledge about the analysis and design of earth retaining structures
and
3. To help the students to take proper engineering decisions in practical situations
Syllabus
Earth pressure theories; Methods of evaluation of earth pressure on retaining walls ; Use of charts
for earth pressure calculation; Stability of retaining wall; Retaining structures – Types; Retaining
walls under dynamic loading condition – Mononobe Okabe Analysis; Sheet pile walls;
Construction methods; Analysis of cantilevered sheet pile walls in granular and cohesive soils with
and without water table; Anchored sheet pile; Free earth support method; Fixed earth support
method; Cuts and braced excavations; Types and design requirements of different anchorages-
Deadman and tie back anchors; Stability of excavation against piping and bottom heaving; Earth
pressure against earth retaining structures; Arching in soil
Expected Outcome
The students will be capable to analyse and design retaining structures, to select
right retaining system for the right situation and to design excavations
References
1. B.M.Das, Principles of Foundation Engineering, Thomson, Indian Edition, 2003.

2. V.N.S. Murthy, Principles and Practices of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,
UBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, 1996
3. P. Purushothama Raj, Geotechnical Engineering, Pearson Education, India
12
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
Stress conditions in a soil mass 8

Earth pressure theories - Coulombs’s and Rankine’s theory
I Methods of evaluation of earth pressure on retaining walls 15
Effect of superimposed loads
Use of charts for earth pressure calculation.
Retaining structures – Types 8
Retaining walls under dynamic loading condition – Mononobe
II Okabe Analysis 15
Proportioning and stability of retaining walls
Drainage from the backfill
FIRST INTERNAL EXAM
Sheet pile walls 8
III Construction methods 15
Analysis of cantilevered sheet pile walls in granular and cohesive
soils with and without water table
Anchored sheet pile walls 8
IV Free earth support method 15
Fixed earth support method
Moment reduction of anchored sheet pile walls
Types and design requirements of different anchorages- Deadman
and tie back anchors 12
V Placement of anchors
20
Lateral earth pressure on cuts and braced excavations
Stability of excavation against piping and bottom heaving.
Arching in soil 12
VI Earth pressures against tunnels, shafts, diaphragm walls, bored pile 20
walls, slurry walls.
END SEMESTER EXAM
13

Sub Surface Investigation and
01CE6207 3-0-0 3 2015
Instrumentation
Course Objectives
1. To impart in-depth knowledge about the various methods of geotechnical

investigation and the field tests to be conducted in different situations
2. To give the students a clear idea about how a geotechnical investigation programme
is to be planned and executed and
3. To help the students to take proper engineering decisions in practical situations
Syllabus
Planning an Investigation Programmes: factors to be considered;Exploration for preliminary and

detailed design;Guidelines for location, depth and spacing of drilling bore holes; Exploration
Techniques;Accessible exploration and Semi-direct methods;Drilling methods, equipments and
applicable soil types;Stabilization of boreholes; Sampling;Disturbed and undisturbed soil sampling,
representative samples;Methods to minimise sample disturbance ;Types of samplers;Preservation
and handling of samples; Field tests ;Standard Penetration Test;Dynamic and static cone
penetration tests;Pressure meter test;Field vane shear; Field tests ;Field permeability test
;Geophysical methods;Soil Investigation report;Instrumentation
Expected Outcome
1. The students understand the procedure, applicability and limitations of various
methods of geotechnical investigation as well as the field tests to be conducted.
2. The students get confidence in effectively managing and executing geotechnical
investigation programmes.
3. Ability of the students in making proper engineering judgements and in taking
appropriate decisions related to geotechnical investigations is greatly improved.
References
1. Hunt R.E. (2005), Geotechnical Engineering Investigation Manual, Second Edition, Mc Graw
Hill, New York
2. Braja M Das (2010), Principles of Geotechnical Engineering, Seventh Edition, Cengage
Learning Inc, Stamford, USA
3. Purushothama Raj P. (2008), Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engineering, Pearson Education
India.
14
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
Planning an Investigation Programmes

I Necessity and importance of Geotechnical Investigation Planning -factors 7
15
to be considered Exploration for preliminary and detailed design.
Guidelines for location, depth and spacing of drilling bore holes.
Exploration Techniques 6
Accessible exploration and Semi-direct methods Test pits, Trenches, Shafts
II Bore holes – Drilling methods, equipments and applicable soil types – 15
Auger boring, Wash boring, Rotary drilling, Percussion drilling
Stabilization of boreholes
FIRST INTERNAL EXAM
Sampling
Disturbed and undisturbed soil sampling, representative samples 7
III Methods to minimise sample disturbance. Importance of area ratio, inside 15
clearance, outside clearance, recovery ratio, ball check valve. Types of
samplers – split spoon sampler, piston sampler, thin walled sampler etc.
Preservation and handling of samples – Piston extruder.
Field tests
Standard Penetration Test – Precautions for obtaining reliable results –
IV Corrections, interpretation of results and correlations. Dynamic and static 6 15
cone penetration tests – procedure and correlations Pressure meter test
Field vane shear test insitu shear and bore hole shear test
Field tests
Plate load test – Pile load tests – Static and Cyclic loading – lateral load test 8
V Field permeability test - Determination of pore pressure and observations
20
of Ground Water Table. Geophysical methods -seismic refraction method
electrical resistivity methods – electrical sounding and electrical profiling.
Soil Investigation report, Bore log and Soil profile
Instrumentation
VI Strain gauges – resistance and inductive type, load cell Earth pressure cell 8
20
Settlement and heave gauges Piezometers - Determination of vertical and
horizontal displacements Slope indicators, Inclinometers
END SEMESTER EXAM
15

01CE6211 Expansive Soils 3-0-0 3 2015
Course Objectives
1. To equip the students to understand the properties and behaviour of expansive soils
2. To impart knowledge for the design of foundations on expansive soils and methods
for modification of expansive soil
Syllabus
Introduction to origin and nature of expansive soils, Damage caused by expansive soils;
recognition of expansive soils; clay minerals; mineralogical identification; indirect measurement;
direct measurement; Physical properties of expansive soil; Mechanics of swelling; swelling
potential; Test for swell pressure (only IS code method); Mechanics of pier uplift; belled piers;
friction piers; slabs on expansive soils; Moisture control; subsurface drainage; surface drainage; Soil
stabilization; Soil replacement; compaction control.
Expected Outcome
The students understands in detail the behaviour and physical properties of expansive soil, the
students get familiarize with design of foundations on expansive soil and students get aware of
preventive measures and stabilization of expansive soil
References
1. F.H.Chen, Foundations on expansive soils - Elsevier Science; 2nd edition, 1988

2. Peck, Hansen and Thornborn, Foundation Engineering, John Wiley and Sons, New York,
1947
3. Tomlinson, Foundation design and Construction – English Language Book Society, Essex,
1986
16
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
Introduction – origin of expansive soils - distribution of expansive

I soils – damage caused by expansive soils – recognition of expansive 15
8
soils – clay minerals
Recognition of expansive soils – mineralogical identification – single
II index method – classification method – indirect measurement – 5 15
direct measurement - physical properties of expansive soils.
FIRST INTERNAL EXAM
III Mechanics of swelling – moisture migration – swelling potential – 15

5
swelling pressure-Test for swell pressure (only IS code method)
IV Mechanics of pier uplift – belled piers – friction piers – slabs on 15

8
expansive soils
Moisture control – horizontal moisture barriers – vertical moisture
V 20
barriers – subsurface drainage – peripheral drains – surface 8
drainage
VI Soil replacement - soil stabilization – lime stabilization – chemical
8 20
stabilization - compaction control
END SEMESTER EXAM
17
Year of
Course No. Course Name L-T-P Credits
Introduction
01CE6213 Rock Mechanics and Tunnel Engineering 3-0-0 3 2015
Course Objectives
1. To create a research interest in the students in the field of Rock Mechanics as soil itself
is not enough
2. To carry the very high applied load and to make the students understand engineering
properties of rock, classification of rocks, laboratory testing of rocks, failure criteria,
tunneling in rocks and various techniques to improve insitu strength of rocks.
Syllabus
Classification, properties and strength of rocks; influence of joints and their orientation in
distribution of stress- deformability of rocks; Laboratory and in situ tests for various physical and
mechanical properties; Insitu stress; various methods of stress measurement; Underground opening
in infinite medium, Elastic and elasto-plastic approach; Zone of influence; Failure criteria for rock
and rock masses; Fracture strength of jointed rock mass; Foundation on rocks, Estimation of bearing
capacity, Grouting in rocks; Rock bolting; Rock anchors; Necessity and planning of tunnels; types,
alignment and grade, size and shape of a tunnel; Methods of construction of tunnels; Shafts in
tunnels-ventilation of tunnel; ground treatment and problems in tunnel constructions
Expected Outcome
Understand the behaviour & characteristics of rocks and to reduce the complexity involved in
numerical computations in rock mechanics
References
1. Introduction to Rock Mechanics by R.E.Goodman, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
2. Rock Mechanics for Engineers by Verma B.P, Khanna publishers, New Delhi.
3. Rock Mass Classification Systems, A Practical Approach in Civil Engineering Elsevier
Publishers, New York
4. Engineering in Rocks for Slopes, Foundation and Tunnels, Editor T.Ramamurthy, Prentice
Hall India Pvt.Ltd.
5. Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics, Fourth Edition, by Jaeger, Cook and Zimmerman,
Blackwell Publishing, New York
6. Rock Mechanics and the Design of Structures in Rock, L.Obert and Wilbur.I.Duvall, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
18
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
Classification, properties and strength of rocks, Classification and index

I properties of rocks, Rock strength and failure criteria, initial stress in
15
rocks, influence of joints and their orientation in distribution of stress- 7
deformability of rocks.
Laboratory and in situ tests for various physical and mechanical
properties. Laboratory and in situ tests for various physical and
II 15
mechanical properties. Insitu stress, various methods of stress 6
measurement
FIRST INTERNAL EXAM
Underground opening in infinite medium, Elastic and elasto-plastic

approach. Underground opening in infinite medium, Elastic and elasto-
III 15
plastic approach. Stress concentration for different shapes of opening
Zone of influence. Failure criteria for rock and rock masses, Strength
6
and deformability of jointed rock mass. Fracture strength of jointed rock
mass
Foundation on rocks, Estimation of bearing capacity, Grouting in rocks
Concept of joint compliance. Stability of rock slopes. Foundation on
IV 15
rocks, Estimation of bearing capacity, Pile foundation in rocks. Methods
to improve rock mass responses, Grouting in rocks,Rock bolting, Rock
anchors. 7
Necessity and planning of tunnels. Tunnel Engineering: Necessity,
planning of tunnels. Site investigation of tunnels, types, alignment and
V grade, size and shape of a tunnel.
8
20
Methods of construction of tunnels
Method of constructions, tunneling in hard rocks: full face method-
heading and bench method-drift method, different methods of
tunneling in soft soils.
VI Shafts in tunnels-ventilation of tunnel,
lining of tunnels- drainage and lighting in tunnels 8 20
ground treatment and problems in tunnel constructions.
END SEMESTER EXAM
19

01CE6215 Earth and Rockfill Dams 3-0-0 3 2015
Course Objectives
1. To create a research interest in the students in the field of seepage and to give the
students an idea about analysis and design of dams
Syllabus
Design consideration- types of earth dams; Factors influencing design;Types of earth dams
Selection ;Requirements; Seepage Analysis; Control of seepage ;Liquefaction; Methods of reducing
seepage; Stability of Slopes; Stability of infinite and finite slope ;Role of pore pressure in stability
analysis; Embankment construction - Seismic stability- Methods to safeguard dams during
earthquakes; Rock fill dams; Settlement of rock fill-Failure of dams; Special Design Problems; Case
history- Cases of failure of major dams; Construction techniques; Application of Geosynthetics in
earth and rock fill dams.
1. The students will be equipped to deal the research works on failure of slopes
References
1. Sherad ,Earth and Rockfill dams, Principles for Design and Construction, Balkema, Netherlands.
2. Bharat Singh and Punmia , Earth and Rockfill dams, Standard publishers, New Delhi,
1988.Earth Manual –USBR
3. Rowe,R K., Geotechnical and Geoenviornmental Engineeing Handbook, Kulwer Acadamic
Publishers,2001
4. Sherard,J L.,WoodwardRJ,Gizienski, R J and Clevenger W A., Earth and Earth rock dam,
John Wiley.
5. Anderson, M G., and Richards, K S Slope Stability.
20
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
Introduction, Design consideration Factors influencing design,

Types of earth dams, Selection& Requirements of foundation
I Material of construction ;Seepage through dams, Determination of
8 15
phreatic line Casagrande’s solution; Kozheny’s parabola-Entrance
&Exit correction; Flownets for homogenous earth dams; Flownets
for dams
Seepage Analysis - under steady seepageand sudden draw down
conditions; Control of seepage ; Adverse effects of seepage;
Liquefaction and its prevention-Methods of reducing seepage
II 5 15
Selection of core types Cut off trenches – Grout curtains- Sheet pile
walls – Upstream blanket – relief walls.
FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

Stability of Slopes- Stability of infinite and finite slope ;
Role of pore pressure in stability analysis; pore pressure during
III construction, steady seepage & sudden drawdown conditions. 5 15
Embankment construction; Methods of placement and compaction

;Compaction control; Placement water content. ; Seismic stability;
IV New marks approach ;Goodman and Seeds approach, Methods to 8 15
safeguard dams during earthquakes.

Rock fill dams, General characteristics; Impervious membrane and
earth cores; Control of rock fill placement Settlement of rock fill. ;
Failure of dams – Types of failure and damages.
V 8 20
Special Design Problems, Slope protection, Filter design,
Embankment compressibility and swelling; Movement of crest and
its measurement.
Case of failure of major earth dam; Construction techniques of earth

VI dams; Applications of geosynthetics in earth and rock fill dam 8 20
END SEMESTER EXAM
21

Application of Computational
01CE6217 Methods to Geotechnical 3-0-0 3 2015
Engineering Problems
Course Objectives
1. To impart sufficient knowledge about the various numerical methods and
optimization techniques and their application to geotechnical engineering problems.
2. To give idea to the students on how complicated problems in engineering, which
cannot otherwise be solved, can be analysed using numerical techniques
Syllabus
Solution of linear system of equations; Gaussian Elimination; Gauss Jordan Method ; GaussSiedel
iteration method ; Factorisation method ; Solution of system of non linear equations ; Newton-
Raphson method; Partial differential equation; Laplace, Poisson and wave equation Numerical
integration ; Trapezoidal rule ; Simpson’s 1/3rd rule ; 3/8th rule ; Guassian quadrature ; Romberg
integration ; Solution of ordinary differential equation; Euler’s method ; Picard’s method ; Taylor
series ; Predictor corrector methods ; Runge-Kutta methods ; Curve fitting ; Linear ; Powercurve ;
Exponential curve ; Hyperbola ; Optimisation techniques; Linear programming; Simplex method ;
transportation problem ; Non-linear; Geometric and dynamic programming ;elementary ideas ;
Solution of a typical geotechnical engineering problem using optimization technique
Expected Outcome
1. Understand the procedure and applicability of different numerical methods and
optimisation techniques, especially to the problems in geotechnical engineering.
2. Acquire knowledge needed to solve complicated engineering problems using
numerical methods and optimisation techniques.
References
1. Krishnamurthy E. V. and Sen S. K. (1986), Numerical algorithms, East- West Press Pvt.
Ltd.,New Delhi.
2. Rao S.S. (1979), Optimisation theory and applications, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New York.
3. Sastri S.S. (1977), Introductory methods of numerical analysis, Prentice Hall of India,
NewDelhi.
22
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
Solution of linear system of equations: Gaussian Elimination – Gauss

I Jordan Method – Gauss Siedel iteration method – Factorisation 7 15
method – Ill conditioned matrix.
Solution of system of non-linear equations –Newton Raphson

II method – Partial differential equations – Laplace’s, Poisson and wave 6 15
equations
FIRST INTERNAL EXAM
Numerical integration: Newton Cotes closed quadrature –
Trapezoidal rule – Simpson’s 1/3rd rule – 3/8th rule – Newton Cotes
III open quadrature – Guassian quadrature – Romberg integration – 6 15
Application of numerical integration to geotechnical engineering
problems.
Solution of ordinary differential equation: Initial value problem –
IV Euler’s method –Picard’s method – Taylor series – Predictor corrector 7 15
methods – Runge-Kutta methods – Boundary value problems.

Curve fitting – Linear – Power curve – Exponential curve –
V Hyperbola – Cubic spline – Critical discussion of geotechnical 8 20
engineering problems requiring regression analysis.
Optimisation techniques: Linear programming– Simplex method –
VI transportation problem – Non-linear, Geometric and dynamic
8 20
programming –elementary ideas. Solution of a typical geotechnical
engineering problem using optimization technique
END SEMESTER EXAM
23

01CE6999 Research Methodology 0-2-0 2 2015
Course Objectives
1. To prepare the student to do the M. Tech project work with a research bias.
2. To formulate a viable research question.
3. To develop skill in the critical analysis of research articles and reports.
4. To analyze the benefits and drawbacks of different methodologies.
5. To understand how to write a technical paper based on research findings.
Syllabus
Introduction to Research Methodology-Types of research- Ethical issues- Copy right-royalty-

Intellectual property rights and patent law-Copyleft- Openacess-
Analysis of sample research papers to understand various aspects of research methodology:
Defining and formulating the research problem-Literature review-Development of working
hypothesis-Research design and methods- Data Collection and analysis- Technical writing- Project
work on a simple research problem
Approach
Course focuses on students' application of the course content to their unique research interests. The
various topics will be addressed through hands on sessions.
Expected Outcome
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to
1. Understand research concepts in terms of identifying the research problem
2. Propose possible solutions based on research
3. Write a technical paper based on the findings.
4. Get a good exposure to a domain of interest.
5.Get a good domain and experience to pursue future research activities.
References
1. C. R. Kothari, Research Methodology, New Age International, 2004

2. Panneerselvam, Research Methodology, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2012.
3. J. W. Bames, Statistical Analysis for Engineers and Scientists, Tata McGraw-Hill, New York.
4. Donald Cooper, Business Research Methods, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.
5. Leedy P. D., Practical Research: Planning and Design, McMillan Publishing Co.
6. Day R. A., How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper, Cambridge University Press, 1989.
7. Manna, Chakraborti, Values and Ethics in Business Profession, Prentice Hall of India, New
Delhi, 2012.
8. Sople, Managing Intellectual Property: The Strategic Imperative, Prentice Hall ofIndia, New
Delhi,2012.
24
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
Introduction to Research Methodology: Motivation towards research -

Types of research: Find examples from literature.
Professional ethics in research - Ethical issues-ethical committees. Copy
I right - royalty - Intellectual property rights and patent law - Copyleft- 5
Openacess-Reproduction of published material - Plagiarism - Citation
and acknowledgement.
Impact factor. Identifying major conferences and important journals in
the concerned area. Collection of at least 4 papers in the area.
Defining and formulating the research problem -Literature Survey-
Analyze the chosen papers and understand how the authors have
II
undertaken literature review, identified the research gaps, arrived at 4
their objectives, formulated their problem and developed a hypothesis.
FIRST ASSESSMENT
Research design and methods: Analyze the chosen papers to
III understand formulation of research methods and analytical and No end
experimental methods used. Study of how different it is from 4
semester
previous works. written
examinatio
IV Data Collection and analysis.Analyze the chosen papers and study the n
5
methods of data collection used. - Data Processing and Analysis
strategies used– Study the tools used for analyzing the data.
SECOND ASSESSMENT
Technical writing - Structure and components, contents of a typical
V technical paper, difference between abstract and conclusion,layout,
5
illustrations and tables, bibliography, referencing and footnotes-use of
tools like Latex.
Identification of a simple research problem – Literature survey-
VI Research design- Methodology –paper writing based on a hypothetical 5
result.
END SEMESTER ASSESSMENT
25

01CE6291 Seminar I 0-0-2 2 2015
Course Objectives
To make students
1. Identify the current topics in the specific stream.
2. Collect the recent publications related to the identified topics.
3. Do a detailed study of a selected topic based on current journals, published papers
and books.
4. Present a seminar on the selected topic on which a detailed study has been done.
5. Improve the writing and presentation skills.
Approach
Students shall make a presentation for 20-25 minutes based on the detailed study of the
topic and submit a report based on the study.
Expected Outcome
Upon successful completion of the seminar, the student should be able to

1. Get good exposure in the current topics in the specific stream.
3. Explore domains of interest so as to pursue the course project.
26

01CE6293 Experimental Geotechniques–I 0-0-2 1 2015
Course Objectives
1. To make the students aware of laboratory soil testing.
Syllabus
1.Atterberg’s Limits
2.Sieve Analysis
3.Hydrometer Analysis
4. Constant Head Permeability test
5 Variable Head Permeability test
6.IS Light Compaction Test
7. IS Heavy Compaction Test
8. C.B.R test
9.Consolidation test
10. Direct Shear Test
11. Unconfined Compression test
12.Triaxial Compression Test
13.Laboratory Vane shear test
14.Swell test
15. Relative Density Test.
Expected Outcome
1. Practice on soil testing and analysis
27
COURSE PLAN
Expt.No. Title Hours Allotted
I Atterberg’s Limits;; 2
2 Sieve Analysis 2
3 Hydrometer Analysis 2
4 Constant Head Permeability test 2
5 Variable Head Permeability test 2
6 IS Light Compaction Test 2
7 IS Heavy Compaction Test 2
8 C.B.R test 2
9 Consolidation test 2
10 Direct Shear Test 2
11 Unconfined Compression test 2
12 Triaxial Compression Test 2
13 Laboratory Vane shear test 2
14 Swell test 2
15 Relative Density Test 2
28
SEMESTER – II
29

Advanced Foundation
01CE6202 3-1-0 4 2015
Engineering
Course Objectives
1. To determine the bearing capacity of soil and the probable settlement and also
2. To select the type and depth of foundation for a project.
3. To impart empirical knowledge of soil behaviour required by the geotechnical
engineer for the design of foundation and other soil related structures.
Syllabus
Shallow foundations; Methods of estimation of bearing capacity; Footing on layered soil; Vertical
stress distribution beneath footings for loaded areas of various shapes; Computation of settlements;
Steinbrenner’s method; Mat foundation; Bearing capacity and settlement of mat foundations on
sands and clays; Pile foundations; – static pile capacity of single piles in clays and sands; Dynamic
formulae; Pile load test; Effect of installation and drainage conditions on strength parameters and
design of piles; Pile groups; Tension piles; Laterally loaded piles;Brom’s method; Well foundation
Expected Outcome
1. A comprehensive and well defined knowledge on bearing capacity theories is expected.
Also an exposure on grey areas like the design of laterally loaded piles will be obtained.
2. Students are trained how to design the foundations of a particular project depending
upon the properties of soil and type of projects.
References
1. Bowles, J. E., Foundation Analysis and Design, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2001.
2. Nayak, N.V., Foundation Design Manual, DhanpatRai Publications, New Delhi, 1996.
3. V.N.S. Murthy., Advanced Foundation Engineering, CBS Publishers, New Delhi,
2010.
4. B.M. Das., Priciples of Foundation Engineering, Thomson Publishers, Indian
Edition, 2007.
30
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
Shallow foundations- Soil Design of foundations- Loads for design-

I Methods of estimating bearing capacity- Terzaghi’s, Meyerhof’s,
Vesic’s and I.S code equations-Comparison of various methods for 9 15
estimation of bearing capacity – Effect of water table.
Effect of eccentricity and inclination of loading on Bearing Capacity –
Footings on layered soils - Correlation of bearing capacity from
penetration test data.
II Mat foundation – Modulus of subgrade reaction – Finite difference 9 15
method – Bearing capacity and settlement of mat foundations on
sands and clays – floating foundation
FIRST INTERNAL EXAM
Vertical stress distribution beneath footings for loaded areas of
III various shapes – Different methods – Computation of settlements – 15
9
immediate and consolidation settlement –Steinbrenner’s method
Pile foundations –static pile capacity of single piles in clays and sands
IV – Dynamic formulae – Pile driving – Pile driving stresses– Pile load 15
9
test – static and cyclic pile load tests.

Pile groups – Pile group efficiency – Negative skin friction on pile
V groups –Determination of capacity of pile groups – Tension piles – 20
10
Resistance of piles subjected to uplift forces.
Laterally loaded piles – Ultimate lateral resistance of vertical piles by

VI Brom’s method – Settlement of pile groups in clays and sands–
Influence of pile driving on adjacent structures–Piled raft. 10 20
END SEMESTER EXAM
31

Soil Dynamics and Machine
01CE6204 3-0-0 3 2015
Foundation
Course Objectives
1. To give the students an idea of the vibrations through soil media

2. To make the students capable to design foundations for different types of machines
Syllabus
Theory of vibrations, free and forced vibrations, Transmissibility, vibration measuring instruments,
Wave propagation in elastic medium, Wave propagation in rods, elastic half space , Determination
of dynamic soil properties, block vibration test ,cyclic plate load test, seismic test, Methods of
Analysis of Machine Foundations (Block Type), elastic half space and linear elastic weightless
spring method for all vibration modes, Design of Foundations for Different Types of Machines
(Reciprocating, Impact and rotary), design requirements and procedures for block type foundation,
Machine foundations on piles, analysis of end bearing pile ,friction pile and pile group, design of
pile supported machine foundation, Vibration absorption and Isolation, active and passive
isolation, design of wave barriers and foundation for absorber, Construction aspects of machine
foundations,
Expected Outcome
1. The students will be able to evaluate the dynamic properties, model the behaviour of
soil under machine loads and equipped with design procedures.
References
1. Prakash S and Puri, Foundations for Machines: Analysis and design,Wiley, New York, 1988.
2. Braja M. Das, Fundamentals of Soil Dynamics, Elsevier Publishers, New York. 1983.
3. Swami Saran, Soil Dynamics and machine foundations, Galgotia Publishers, New
Delhi,1997.
4. Murthy V. N. S, Soil Mechanics and FoundationEngineeringCBS Publishers
&Distributors,New Delhi, 2009.
5. Kramer S. L., Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering – Pearson Education Inc. New Delhi,
2004.
6. Singiresu S. Rao, Mechanical Vibrations, Pearson Education Inc. New Delhi, 2004.
32
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
Theory of vibrations
Definitions, simple harmonic motion, response of SDOF system. 7
I Free vibration of a spring mass system. Free vibration with viscous 15
damping. Forced vibration with damping. Frequency dependent
excitation. Transmissibility, vibration measuring instruments
Wave propagation in elastic medium

Wave propagation in elastic rods. Wave propagation in semi- 6
infinite elastic half space. Waves generated by a surface footing
II 15
Determination of dynamic soil properties
Dynamic soil properties ( definition and factors affecting ), Seismic
Cross Hole Test, Block Vibration Test, Cyclic Plate load Test
FIRST INTERNAL EXAM
Methods of Analysis of Machine Foundations (Block Type)
Modes of vibrations of a rigid foundation block. Elastic Half-space 6
III method of analysis for all modes of vibration. Linear Elastic 15
Weightless Spring method of analysis for all modes of vibration
Effect of footing shape and embedment on vibratory response
Design of Foundations for Different Types of Machines
(Reciprocating, Impact and rotary)
Foundations for reciprocating machines-design requirements and 7
design procedure for block type foundation. Foundations for
IV 15
Impact type machines-design requirements and design procedure
for block type foundation Foundations for rotary machines-
simplified method of analysis, design requirements and design
procedure for block type foundation
Machine foundations on piles
Analysis of End bearing piles under vertical vibrations 8
V Analysis of friction piles under vertical vibrations 20
Analysis of pile groups under vertical vibrations
Design procedure for a pile-supported machine foundation
33
Vibration Absorption and Isolation

Active and passive isolation, Design of wave barriers (open trench, 8
in-filled trench, pile barriers)
Design procedure for foundations on absorbers
Construction aspects of machine foundations
VI 20
Construction aspects of block foundations
Erection and interfacing of a machine to the foundation
Gap around the foundation
Installation of spring absorbers
END SEMESTER EXAM
34
Year of
Course No. Course Name L-T-P Credits
Introduction
01CE6206 Finite Element Analysis for Geomechanics 3-0-0 3 2015
Course Objectives
1. The ability to judge the situations and apply the logical aspects of the method; Should be
able to apply the numerical formulation for analyzing geotechnical systems;
2. The ability to apply the concepts for solving multi task applications
Syllabus
Introduction to FEM;General description of steps in FEM; Discretisation; Displacement models;

shape functions; Lagrangian &Hermitian elements; isoparametric elements; Coordinate
systems;Finite element formulation of elements;Shape functions in terms of global coordinates &
area coordinates;Shape functions for Lagrangian elements; Isoparametric element formulation;
Formulation of element stiffness matrix; 2D element- 3 noded triangular element in terms of area
coordinates; 4 noded quadrilateral element using isoparametric formulation;Guassian method of
integration; Formulation of global stiffness matrix and nodal load vector; band width; sparse
matrix; symmetric matrix; Computation of element strains;Geotechnical considerations in FEM;
Geometric idealization; Geotechnical analysis; Finite element formulation of structural elements;
interface elements; Construction stage & excavation analysis; Seepage and consolidation; Finite
element implementation of coupled problems; steady state seepage; Hydraulic boundary
conditions; Permeability model; A discussion on commonly used finite element method software
for geotechnical analysis(not for examination); Brief comparison on preprocessor, analysis and post
processor modules of any 3 commonly used software
Expected Outcome
1. Attain a knowledge on various theories involved in finite element method
2. Develop a clear picture on capabilities of various models used to simulate the soil media
3. Understand the features of methods of analysis and apply them in real life applications
References
1. Potts, D. M. and Zdravkovic, L. (1999): “Finite Element Analysis in Geotechnical

Engineering: Theory and application”, Thomas Telford, London.
2. Desai, C. S. and Abel, J. F. (1987): “Introduction to FEM”, CBS Publishers and Distributors,
Delhi.
3. Krishnamoorthy C. S. (1994): “Finite Element Analysis-Theory and Programming”, Tata
McGraw Hill publishing Company, New Delhi.
4. Zienkiewicz, O.C. (1979): “The Finite Element Method”, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing
Company, New Delhi.
5. Cook, R. D., Malkus, D. S., Plesha, M. E. and Witt, R. J. (2001): “Concepts and Applications
of finite Element analysis, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
35
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
Introduction to geotechnical analysis - General description of steps

in FEM;
Discretisation: continuum – node – element – degrees of freedom – 7
general principles for discretization of geotechnical problems –
discretization of very large bodies – discretization of infinite bodies
– mesh refinement.
I Geometric idealization: Plane strain analysis – axisymmetric 15
analysis – assumptions – equations – examples – derivation not
needed;
General polynomials for 1D and 2D models – relation between
nodal degrees of freedom and displacements at nodes
Coordinate systems: global – local – natural (area) coordinates and
rst coordinates
Shape functions - Lagrangian elements – Hermitian elements – 6
isoparametric elements (concept only; derivation not needed);
Shape functions in terms of global coordinates: 1D 2noded and
3noded bar elements;
II 15
Shape functions in terms of area coordinates:1D element – 2noded
beam element – 2D elements - 3 noded triangular element – 6 noded
triangular element (home assignment);
FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

Shape functions for Lagrangian elements: 1D element –4 noded bar
element – 2D elements – 4 noded rectangular element –9 noded
rectangular element (home assignment) – 16 noded rectangular 7
element (home assignment);
III Isoparametric element formulation: 1D element – 3 noded bar 15
element – 2D elements – 4noded quadrilateral element – 8 noded
quadrilateral element (home assignment) – 3 noded triangular
element (home assignment)
Equation for element stiffness matrix and nodal load vector using
variational principle: derivation using principle of minimum
potential energy; 7
IV Formulation of element stiffness matrix: 1D element - 2 noded bar 15
element – constant CSA and varying CSA lying parallel to X axis –
rotation transformation method - 2 noded inclined truss element
with 2 dof at each node;
Formulation of element stiffness matrix and nodal load vector: 2D
36
element - 3 noded triangular element in terms of area coordinates –

4 noded quadrilateral element using isoparametric formulation;

Numerical integration: Guassian method of integration
Storage of global stiffness matrix – band width – semi band width –
sparse matrix – symmetric matrix – skyline storage scheme only – a 8
simple worked out example as home assignment;
V Computation of element strains: Constant strain triangular element 20
- Linear straintriangular element (home assignment)
Detailed description of the plane strain FE analysis of astrip footing
loaded with a line load resting on a semi infinite soil medium;
Geotechnical analysis: Total stress analysis - Pore
pressurecalculation;
Finite element formulation of structural elements: 3 noded
isoparametric curved Mindlin zero width beam element -membrane
element; Finite element formulation of interface elements: different 8
types of interface elements – 6 noded zero thickness isoparametric
interface element; Special techniques: Construction stage analysis -
excavation analysis - changes in porepressure during analysis
A discussion on commonly used finite element method software for
geotechnical analysis : (not for examination)To be given as home
VI assignment to students - Presentation and discussion of assignment
20
in the class by the students
END SEMESTER EXAM
37

Reinforced soil and
01CE6212 3-0-0 3 2015
geosynthetics
Course Objectives
To introduce the concepts of Detailed understanding of the history and mechanism of reinforced
soil, Knowledge of the various types of geosynthetics, their functions and applications, Detailed
knowledge about the design of few reinforced soil structures, Historical background and modern
day developments, Materials, manufacturing and properties, Mechanism of Reinforced Soil,
Reinforced soil retaining walls, Designing for bearing capacity improvement, Other General
Application areas.
Syllabus
Historical background and modern day developments; ,Different types of geosynthetics ;Materials
manufacturing and properties;Mechanism of Reinforced Soil,Modes of failure; Equivalent
Confining stress concept; Reinforced soil retaining walls; Analysis of reinforced soil retaining walls
using Tie Back Wedge method with assumptions,Construction of reinforced soil retaining
walls,Designing for bearing capacity improvement,Binquet and Lee’s approach,Natural geotextiles;
Application of geosynthetics for stabilisation of slopes.
Expected Outcome
1. Ability to adopt reinforced soil technique against conventional techniques.
2. Ability to select suitable reinforcement material and type to suit the functional
requirements
3. Carry out analysis and design of reinforced soil structures.
References
1. RamanathaAyyar, T.S., Ramachandran Nair, C.G. and Balakrishnan Nair, N. (2002). A

Comprehensive Reference Book on Coir Geotextiles, Ist ed., Center for Development of
Coir Technology (C-DOCT).
2. Koerner, R.M. (1999). Designing with Geosynthetics, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 4th
edition.
3. Jewell, R.A., (1996). Soil Reinforcement with Geotextiles, Special Publication No. 123,
CIRIA, Thomas Telford. London, UK.
4. Geosynthetics - New Horizons, Eds. G.V. Rao, PK Banerjee, J.T. Shahu, G.V. Ramana, Asian
Books Private Ltd., New Delhi, 2004.
5. Rao, G.V. (2007). Geosynthetics – An Introduction. Sai Master Geoenvironmental Services
Pvt. Ltd.
6. Jones, C.J.F.P. (1985). Earth reinforcement and soil structures. Butterworth, London.
7. Ingold, T. (1982). Reinforced Earth, Thomas Telford, London.
8. Jewell, R.A. (1996). Soil reinforcement and Geotextiles. CIRIA London, UK
9. Babu, S.G.L. (2006). An introduction to Soil reinforcement and geosynthetics. United Press
(India) Pvt. Ltd.
10. Swami Saran (2006). Reinforced soil and its engineering applications. I.K. International Pvt.
Ltd. New Delhi.
38
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
Historical background and types of geosynthetics

I 15
Historical background, advantages, recent developments, 7
area of application, types of geosynthetics
Materials, manufacturing and properties
Different types of geosynthetics– Different Materials, advantages 6
II and disadvantages of each material, base polymers used 15
Manufacturing process of geotextiles, geogrids
Properties and testing
FIRST INTERNAL EXAM
Mechanism of Reinforced Soil
Mechanism of reinforced soil 7
Modes of failure, modes of development of strength of various
III 15
types of reinforcement
Equivalent Confining stress concept, pseudo cohesion concept,
concept of expanding soil mass
Problems in the above areas
Reinforced soil retaining walls
Various modes of internal and external stability or reinforced soil 6
retaining walls
IV Analysis of reinforced soil retaining walls using Tie Back Wedge 15
method with assumptions
Numerical problems of analysis of reinforced soil retaining walls
Construction of reinforced soil retaining walls- Concertina method,
telescopic method, sliding method, Various types of facings
Designing for bearing capacity improvement
V Binquet and Lee’s approach 8 20
Problems in bearing capacity improvement with reinforcement
Other General Application areas
Natural geotextiles – applications. Advantages, disadvantages - 8
VI different types
20
Application of geosynthetics for stabilisation of slopes
Introduction to soil nailing, applications in landfills
Concept of Prefabricated vertical drains, geotubes, gabions, geocells
END SEMESTER EXAM
39

Ground improvement
01CE6216 3-0-0 3 2015
techniques
Course Objectives
To introduce the concepts of Detailed understanding of how theoretical knowledge and

observation of engineering performance assist in rational application of ground modification
procedure, To give a thorough understanding of the various techniques used in ground
improvement, Introduction to Ground improvement techniques, In-situ densification methods,
Introduction to grouts and grouting, Grouting applications, Earth reinforcement, Geosynthetics.
Syllabus
Introduction to Ground improvement techniques; Drainage and Dewatering; electro osmosis; In-
situ densification methods; concept of three dimensional consolidation; sand drain design and
methods of their installation; Introduction to grouts and grouting; properties of grouts; Grouting
applications; Rock bolts; Soil Nailing; Earth reinforcement; Stability analysis of reinforced earth
retaining walls; Application areas; Geosynthetics; functions of geotextiles; natural geotextiles and
its applications.
Expected Outcome
1. A study of the many different approaches to ground modification broadens the minds and
inspires creativity and innovation in geotechnical construction and related fields
References
1. M. J. Tomilson- Foundation design and construction
2. Robert M. Koerner- Construction and Geotechnical Methods in Foundation Engineering, Mc
Graw Hill
3. C. J. F. P. Jones- Earth Reinforcement and soil structures, Butterworth
4. F. G. Bell- Foundation Engineering in Difficult Ground, Butterworth,
London, 1983
5. Purushothama Raj P.- Ground Improvement Techniques, Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd., New
Delhi
6. Shashi K. Gulhati&ManojDatta- Geotechnical Engineering, Tata Mc Graw Hill
7. G. L. Sivakumar Babu- An Introduction to Soil Reinforcement and Geosynthetics- 2007
40
COURSE PLAN
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Allotted
Module
Hours
Contents
Introduction to Ground improvement techniques:

Role of ground improvement in foundation engineering- 7
I Geotechnical problems in alluvial, lateritic and black cotton soil
15
Drainage and Dewatering: well point system, shallow well system
deep well system, vacuum dewatering
electro osmosis.
In-situ densification methods
In- situ densification methods in granular soils: introduction- 6
mechanical stabilization- deep dynamic compaction- vibro
compaction- blasting
II In- situ densification methods in cohesive soils: preloading- concept 15
of three dimensional consolidation
sand drain design and methods of their installation
fabric drains- stone columns and lime piles (installation techniques
only)
FIRST INTERNAL EXAM
Introduction to grouts and grouting- 7
basic functions- classification of grouts-
III groutability ratio, properties of grouts: viscosity, fluidity, stability, 15
rigidity, thixotropy, permeance
Grouting applications: seepage control in soil and rock under dams 6

IV seepage control in soil for cut off walls 15
stabilization grouting for underpinning. Rock bolts – Cables and
guniting –Soil Nailing – Micro piles
Earth reinforcement-
concept of reinforced earthload transfer mechanism and strength 8
V development. Stability analysis of reinforced earth retaining walls- 20
external stability analysis, internal stability analysis (brief mention
about the methods only) Application areas.
Geosynthetics:
Classification functions of geotextiles as seperators, reinforcement, 8
VI 20
filters and in drainage damage and durability of geotextiles, natural
geotextiles and its applications.
END SEMESTER EXAM
41

01CE6214 Landslide Engineering 3-0-0 3 2015
Course Objectives
To teach students the fundamental aspects of slope stability evaluation, to give the students an idea
of how and why landslides occur.
Syllabus
Slopes; Factors contributing slope failures; Slope movements in rocks; Stability Analysis of Slopes;
Mass analysis; Land Slide; Relationship between slope movement and precipitation; land slide in
seismic region; Land Slide Types; Land slides in clayey rocks; Land Slide Investigation; Mechanical
properties of rock; Laboratory Investigations; Index properties
Expected Outcome
1. Describe the behaviour of natural and engineered soil / rock slopes under various weather
and engineering conditions.
2. Explain the factors that may affect the stability of slopes.
3. Select an appropriate slope stability analysis method subject to geometry of slope, material
properties, and uncertainty of observations.
4. Assess the potential landslide risk of slopes.
5. Analyse the stability of slopes considering a range of environmental and engineering
processes
References
1. Zaruba Q and Mencl V., “ Land slides and their control”, Developments in Geotechnical
Engineering, Vol 31, Elsevier Scientific publishing company, 1982.
2. Abramson L. W, Lee T. S , Sharma S and Boyce G M , “ Slope Stability and Stabilization
Methods”, Willey Interscience publications,1996
3. Das B M,“Principles of Geotechnical Engineering”, Thomson Books, 2004
4. Lambe T W. and Whitman R V, “Soil Mechanics”, John Wiley & sons ,2008
5. Murthy V. N. S , “Principles of Soil Mechanics and FoundationEngineering”, UBS
Publishers Private Ltd. , 2002
42
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
Slopes
Introduction- Natural slopes and Engineered slopes 7
Development of slope failures- General aspects
I 15
Factors contributing slope failures- Failures arising at different
locations
Complex modes of failure
Slope movements in rocks
Stability Analysis of Slopes
Stability analysis- Classical solutions 6
Cohesive approach- Horizontal equilibrium approach
II 15
Mass analysis – Limit equilibrium method-Wedge methods
Friction circle method-Method of slices-IS method
Bishop’s method – Jambu’s method
FIRST INTERNAL EXAM
Land Slide
Land slide phenomenon: Definition and study of mass movements 6
III 15
Factors causing mass movement
Relationship between slope movement and precipitation- land slide
in seismic region
Land Slide Types
Geological definition of main land slide types 7
IV Slope movement of surface deposits 15
Landslides in clayey rocks
Slides of solid rocks-Specific types of slope movement
Land Slide Investigation
Field investigation 8
V Use of aerial photographs and geological maps 20
Hydrogeological research
Depth and shape of a slide surface
Mechanical properties of rock
Laboratory Investigations
Mineralogical composition 8
VI 20
Index properties
Rate of consolidation
END SEMESTER EXAM
43

01CE6218 Underground Excavations 3-0-0 3 2015
Course Objectives
1. To introduce the concept of analysis and design of underground excavations in

rocks
2. To impart knowledge of jointed rock masses for hydro-power projects and large
underground storages for various purposes.
Syllabus
Introduction to the exploration for various underground construction projects; Stereographic

projection method; principle and its application; Elastic stress distribution around tunnels;
Greenspan method; Daemen’s theory; Application of rock mass classification systems;
analysis of underground openings; estimation of elastic modulus and modulus of deformation of
rocks; Long term behaviour of tunnels and caverns; New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM);
Norwegian Tunneling Method (NTM); construction dewatering; tunnel support interaction
analysis; ground response and support reaction curves; Instrumentation and monitoring of
underground excavations; single and multi-point bore hole extensometers; load cells and pressure
cells.
Expected Outcome
1. The course is designed to understand various case studies on underground constructions
References
1. Hoek, E and and Brown, E. T., “Underground Excavations in Rocks”, Institute of Mining
Engineering, 1983
2. Obert, L. and Duvall, W.I., “Rock Mechanics and Design of Structures in Rocks”, John
Wiley, 1967
3. Singh, B. and Goel, R.K., “Rock Mass Classification”- A Practical Engineering Approach”,
Elsevier, 2006
44
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
Introduction - Planning of and exploration for various underground

I construction projects. Stereographic projection method- principle and 15
6
its application in underground excavation design.
Elastic stress distribution around tunnels- stress distribution for
different shapes and under different in-situ stress conditions,
II Greenspan method- Design principles, multiple openings and 15
7
openings in laminated rocks, Elasto-plastic analysis of tunnels,
Daemen’s theory.
FIRST INTERNAL EXAM
Application of rock mass classification systems, analysis of
III underground openings in squeezing and swelling ground, empirical 15
6
methods.
Estimation of elastic modulus and modulus of deformation of rocks;

uniaxial jacking / plate jacking tests, radial jacking and Goodman
IV jacking tests.. 15
7

Long term behaviour of tunnels and caverns, New Austrian
Tunneling Method (NATM), Norwegian Tunneling Method (NTM),
V construction dewatering. 20
8
Rock mass-tunnel support interaction analysis, ground response and
support reaction curves.
In-situ stress, flat jack, hydraulic fracturing and over coring
techniques and USBM type drill hole deformation gauge, single and
VI multi-point bore hole extensometers, load cells, pressure cells. 20
8
Instrumentation and monitoring of underground excavations during,
and after construction.
45

01CE6222 Environmental Geotechniques 3-0-0 3 2015
Course Objectives
1. To create a research interest in the field of geo environmental engineering
2. To give students the knowledge on soil contamination and its effect, to familiarise
on soil remediation.
Syllabus
Soil formation structure and Properties, Clay mineralogy, Soil microbiology, Attenuation capacity
of soil, Laboratory and Field methods, Clay-Contaminant interaction, Cation exchange capacity,
Transport of contamination through soil and change in properties of soil, quasi pre-consolidation,
shear characteristics, effect of drying on properties of soil, Remediation of contaminated soil and
waste dump, Vertical barriers, Landfill containment technology, components and functions,
Leachate and gas generation, Preliminary design, Liners and Case histories, Compacted clay liners,
Geomembrane liners, Geosynthetic clay liners, Monitoring wells, Case histories.
Expected Outcome
1. Deal the research works on geoenvironmental engineering
References
1. Daniel, D.E. (1993). Geotechnical Practice for Waste Disposal. Chapman, and Hall, London.
2. Koerner, R.M. (2005). Designing with Geosynthetics, Fifth Edition. Prentice Hall, New
Jersey.
3. Reddi L.N and Inyang HI (2000) Geoenvironmental Engineering: Principles and
Applications, Marcel Dekker Inc Publication.
4. R. N. Yong (2000) Geoenvironmental Engineering: Contaminated Soils, Pollutant Fate,
Mitigation Lewis Publication.
5. Dr. G V Rao and Dr. R S Sasidhar (2009) Solid waste Management and Engineered Landfills,
Saimaster Geoenvironmental Services Pvt. Ltd. Publication.
6. Ayyar TSR (2000) Soil engineering in relation to environment, LBS centre for Science and
Technology, Trivandrum.
7. Hari D. Sharma, Krishna R. Reddy (2004) Geoenvironmental Engineering: Site Remediation,
Waste Containment, and Emerging Waste Management Technologies, Publisher: John
Wiley & Sons Inc.
8. Donald L. Wise, Debra J. Trantolo, Hilary I. Inyang, Edward J. Cichon (2000) Remediation
Engineering of Contaminated Soils, Publisher: Marcel Dekker Inc
46
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
Soil formation Structure and Properties

Introduction to Environmental Geotechniques 7
I 15
Soil formation and composition. Soil Structure .Soil Properties
Flow of water in soils,
Clay mineralogy Soil microbiology
Attenuation capacity of soil.
Attenuation capacity, Laboratory and Field methods for quantifying
6 attenuation capacity, 6 15
Clay- Contaminant interaction, Cation exchange capacity, Specific
surface area of soil.
FIRST INTERNAL EXAM
Transport of contamination through soil and change in properties
of soil
Transport of contaminants through soil, Ficks law 6
III 15
Change in properties of soil due to change in environment/pore
fluid:- plasticity, volume change-compressibility characteristics, quasi
pre-consolidation, shear characteristics, effect of drying on properties
of soil.
Remediation of contaminated soil
Remediation of contaminated soil-Insitu/exituremediations, Bio 7
IV remediation, thermal remediation, pump and treat method, 15
phytoremediation and electro-kinetic remediation, Remediation of
waste dump, Vertical barriers
Landfill
V Landfill: containment technology, components and functions, 8 20
Leachate and gas generation,
Preliminary design
Liners and Case histories
Compacted clay liners, selection of soil, acceptable range of water
VI 20
content and dry density. 8
Geomembranes liners, geosynthetic clay liners.
Monitoring wells. Case histories
END SEMESTER EXAM
47

01CE6224 Soil Structure Interaction 3-0-0 3 2015
Course Objectives
1. To provide an understanding of the relevance and significance of soil-structure interaction

2. To give the students an idea about how to take soil structure interaction into account in
design and
3. The ability to apply the concepts for solving multi task applications
Syllabus
Analysis and Effect of soil structure interaction; Soil Response Models; Beam on Elastic Foundation
– Soil Models; Plate on Elastic medium; Analysis of Finite Plates; Analysis of Axially and laterally
loaded Piles and Pile Groups; Ground- Foundation- Structure Interaction
Expected Outcome
1. Understand various theories involved in soil structure interaction
2. The students will have good knowledge in principles for design of soil structure interaction
3. They will be able to identify situations where soil-structure interaction is likely to occur
and assess its impact on the behavior of a structure
4. Understand capabilities of various models used to simulate the interaction
5. Understand the features of methods of analysis and apply them in real life applications
References
1. Kurien N.P , “Design of foundation Systems: Principles & Practices”, Narosa, New Delhi,
1992
2. Cakmak A.S., “Soil Structure Interaction:, Elsevier, 1987
3. Jones G.,” Analysis of beams on Elastic Foundation”, Thomas Telford, 1997
4. Selvadurai, A. P. S. (1979). Elastic analysis Soil foundation interaction, Elsevier Scientific
Publishing Company, Netherlands.
5. Poulos, H.G. and Davis E.H. (1990). Pile Foundation Analysis and Design, John Wiley, New
York.
48
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
Soil - Foundation Interaction:

Introduction to soil -foundation interaction problems, Soil behaviour,
I Foundation behaviour, Interface behaviour, Scope of soil foundation
7 15
interaction analysis, soil
response models, Winkler, Elastic continuum, Two parameter elastic
models, Elastic-plastic behaviour, Time dependent behaviour
Beam On Elastic Foundation - Soil Models
Infinite beam, Two parameters, Isotropic elastic half space, Analysis
II of beams of finite length, Classification of finite beams in relation to 6 15
their stiffness.
FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

Plate on Elastic Medium:
Infinite plate, Winkler, two parameters, isotropic elastic medium,
III thin and thick plates,
7 15
Analysis of Finite Plates:
Rectangular and Circular plates, Numerical analysis
of finite plates, simple solutions.
Elastic Analysis of Pile
IV Elastic analysis of single pile, Theoretical solutions for settlement and
6 15
load distribution, Analysis of pile group, Interaction analysis, Load
distribution in groups with rigid cap.
Laterally Loaded Pile
V Load deflection prediction for laterally loaded piles, subgrade 20
reaction and elastic analysis, Interaction analysis, and pile raft 8
system, solutions through influence charts.
Ground- Foundation- Structure Interaction:
VI Effect of structure on ground-foundation interaction, Static and 20
8
dynamic loads
END SEMESTER EXAM
49

Special Foundations and
01CE6226 Structural Design of 3-0-0 3 2015
Foundations
Course Objectives
1. To familiarise the students with the soil design and structural design of foundations
and retaining walls and
2. To help the students to build a basic knowledge of the typical special foundations
used in various situations.
Syllabus
Introduction to limit state design of concrete foundations; Soil pressures for structural design;
Depth of footings : Bearing capacity and settlement of shallow foundations, Structural design of
spread footings; Combined footings- rectangular, trapezoidal and strap footings; Structural design
of mat foundations, Beam and Slab raft foundations; Combined pile raft foundations Design of
different types of pile foundations; Structural design of pile; Structural design of retaining walls-
cantilever and counterfort retaining walls; Foundations for special structures like Water tanks &
Ground storage tanks, Transmission towers, Silos & chimneys ,Coastal and offshore structures
Expected Outcome
1. The students will be equipped with the various aspects related to soil design and
structural design of foundations
References
1. Ashok K Jain ( 1993), Reinforced Concrete Limit State Design, Nem Chand & Bros., Roorkee.
2. Bowles J.E. (1997), Foundation Analysis and Design, Mc. Graw Hill International Edition,
New Delhi..
3. P.C. Varghese, “Design of Reinforced Concrete Foundations”, PHI-Ltd- New Delhi, 1998..
4. Swami Saran (2006), Analysis & Design of Substructures, IBH Publishing Co Pvt. Ltd, New
Delhi.
5. Tomlinson M.J (1996), Foundation design and Construction , John Wiley Interscience,
NewYork
50
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
Limit state design of reinforced concrete foundations
I Introduction to limit state design of concrete foundations; Soil

6 15
pressures for structural design; Depth of footings : Bearing capacity
and settlement of shallow foundations
Structural design of spread footings

II 7 15
Combined footings- rectangular, trapezoidal and strap footings
FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

Mat foundations
III Structural design of mat foundations; Beam and Slab raft 15

foundations 6
Combined pile raft foundations
Pile foundations
IV Design of different types of pile foundations; Structural design of 7 15
pile

Retaining Walls
V Stability analysis of retaining walls; Structural design of retaining 8 20
walls- cantilever and counter fort retaining walls)
Special foundations
VI Foundations for special structures like Water tanks & Ground

8 20
storage tanks, Transmission towers, Silos & chimneys, Coastal and
offshore structures.
END SEMESTER EXAM
51

01CE6292 Mini Project 0-0-4 2 2015
Course Objectives
To make students
Design and develop a system or application in the area of their specialization.
Approach
The student shall present two seminars and submit a report. The first seminar shall
highlight the topic, objectives, methodology, design and expected results. The second
seminar is the presentation of the work / hardware implementation.
Expected Outcome
Upon successful completion of the mini project, the student should be able to
1. Identify and solve various problems associated with designing and implementing a
system or application.
2. Test the designed system or application.
52

01CE6294 Experimental Geotechniques-II 0-0-2 1 2015
Course Objectives
To make the students aware of laboratory soil and geosynthetics testing
Syllabus
1.Plate Load test

2. Physical properties of Geotextiles
i. Thickness
ii. Weight
iii. Opening size
iv. Wide width tensile test and Trapezoida tear test using UTM for Geotextiles
v. Cone drop test
3.FEM Analysis of simple Geotechnical Problems using any Geotechnical FEM Software.
i. Footing Analysis
ii. Retaining Wall Analysis
iii. Pavement Design
Expected Outcome
1. Practice on soil and geosynthetics testing
53
COURSE PLAN
Hours
Expt.No. Title
Allotted
1 Plate load test 6
Physical& hydraulic properties of Geotextiles
Thickness 12
Weight
Opening size
2
Wide width tensile test
Trapezoidal tear test
Cone drop test
Permeability
FEM Analysis of simple Geotechnical Problems using any
Software
3 Footing Analysis 10
Retaining Wall Analysis
Pavement Design
54
SEMESTER - III
55

Earthquake Geotechnical
01CE7211 3-0-0 3 2015
Engineering
Course Objectives
1. To give the students an idea of the seismic hazard analysis

2. Make the students capable to design foundations and earth structures to resist
earthquake loading
Syllabus
Ground motion parameters; Amplitude, Frequency, Duration Estimation of ground motion

parameters; Magnitude and distance effects; Development of predictive relationships; Seismic
hazard analysis ;Soil liquefaction ;Laboratory and Field methods for estimation of liquefaction
potential; Ground response analysis - One –dimensional and Two –dimensional; Behaviour of soils
under earthquake loading; Measurement of dynamic soil properties; Resonant column test; Bender
element test; Cyclic tri-axial test; Shake table and Centrifuge tests. Seismic design considerations of
foundations; Development of design parameters; Development of ground motion time histories
Expected Outcome
The student will be familiar with an overall view of the nature of seismic hazards, the
methods used to assess their impacts and the techniques available to mitigate their
damaging effects.
References
1. Kramer, S. (1995). Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Pearson, New Delhi.

2. Ishihara, K.(1996). Soil Behaviour in Earthquake Geotechnics, Oxford Science, NY.
3. LkuoTowhata. (1995), Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Springer, NY.
4. Kamalesh Kumar. (2009). Basic Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, New Age
International Publishers, New Delhi.
5. Bharat Bushan Prasad (2010) Advanced Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, PH
publishers, New Delhi
56
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
Ground motion parameters

Seismology and earthquakes (basic concepts only) 6
I Amplitude parameters, Frequency content, Duration
15
Estimation of ground motion parameters
Magnitude and distance effects
Development of predictive relationships
Seismic hazard analysis
Deterministic seismic hazard analysis 8
probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis
II Soil liquefaction - Susceptibility, initiation and effects of soil 15
liquefaction
Laboratory and Field methods for estimation of liquefaction
potential- CSR and CRR.
FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

Ground response analysis
One –dimensional ground response analysis (with example problems 6
III 15
in SHAKE)
Two –dimensional ground response analysis (with example
problems)
Behaviour of soils under earthquake loading
Strength of sand under earthquake loading 8
Strength of clay under earthquake loading
IV Measurement of dynamic soil properties 15
Resonant column test
Bender element test
Cyclic tri-axial test
Shake table and Centrifuge tests.
Seismic design considerations of foundations
V Design parameters 7 20
Development of design parameters
Development of ground motion time histories
Seismic design of retaining walls
VI Dynamic response of retaining walls 7
20
Seismic displacement of retaining walls
Seismic design considerations
END SEMESTER EXAM
57

Behaviour and Testing of
01CE7213 3-0-0 3 2015
unsaturated soils
Course Objectives
1. To create a research interest in the students in the unsaturated soils

2. To give the students an idea of the behaviour of soils at failure
Syllabus
Properties of unsaturated soils; Soil structure; Pore size determination; Suction Measurement and
Control; Enthalpy and Equilibrium Stress conditions in Unsaturated Soils; Stress state in
unsaturated soils; Shear strength of unsaturated soils; Pre-yield behaviour; Yield limit;
Compression Characteristics of unsaturated soils; Water retention characteristics; Effective stress
relations in unsaturated soil; Matric suction and osmotic suction; collapse and heave characteristics
Expected Outcome
The students will be equipped to deal the research works on unsaturated soils
References
1. Fredlund,D.G and Rahardjo,R(1993) Soil Mechanics for unsaturated soils, Wiley, New York
2. Murray E J and Sivakumar V (2010) Unsaturated Soils: A Fundamental Interpretation of Soil
Behaviour, wiley, new York.
3. Tarantino, A. and Jommi, C. (2005). Hydraulic and mechanical behaviour of unsaturated
soils: Experimental evidence and constitutive modelling.
4. Mitchell, J. K. and Soga, K. (2005). Fundamentals of soil behavior. John Wiley &Sons,Inc.,
New Jersey, third edition
58
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
Properties of unsaturated soils

Nature and genesis of unsaturated soils, soil variables 6
Particle properties
I 15
Phase properties and interactions
Soil structure
Pore size determination
Experimental technique for determination pore size distribution
Suction Measurement and Control
II Techniques for measurement of suction 6 15
Techniques for control of suction ( Laboratory tests)
FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

Enthalpy and Equilibrium Stress conditions in Unsaturated Soil
Role of enthalpy 8
Enthalpy and Terzhagi’s effective stress for saturated soils
III 15
Enthalpy for unsaturated soils
Signification of α
Stress state in unsaturated soils
Graphical representation of stress
Shear strength of unsaturated soils
IV Equivalent strength parameters 15
Pre-yield behaviour 6
Yield limit
Compression Characteristics of unsaturated soils
Osmotic oedometer tests on reconstituted soil 8
V 20
Water retention characteristics
Compression characteristics of unsaturated Kaolin
Modelling of unsaturated Kaolin
Effective stress relations in unsaturated soil
Effective stress concepts- Effective stress relations in unsaturated 8
soil.
VI 20
Matric suction and osmotic suction
collapse and heave characteristics of unsaturated soil-strength
characteristics of
unsaturated soil- Flow through unsaturated soil
END SEMESTER EXAM
59

01CE7215 Soil Stabilization 3-0-0 3 2015
Course Objectives
1. To create a research interest in the students in the field of stabilization of weak soils
for engineering purpose.
2. To make the students understand the stabilization process, inorganic and organic
stabilization.
Syllabus
Objectives of soil stabilization; Classification of stabilizing agents and stabilization process;

Inorganic stabilizing agents and their characteristics; Lime stabilization under various conditions of
soil; Cement stabilization under different conditions; Fly ash stabilization and its reaction
mechanism; Organic stabilization and bituminous stabilization
Expected Outcome
1. At theend of the course students will be equipped with knowledge of different types of
soil stabilizers and their characteristics.
2. Students will be able to select suitable stabilizers based on soil properties and other site
requirements.
References
1. Manfred R. Hausmann: Engineering Principles of Ground Modifications

2. Proceedings of the Conference on soil stabilization
60
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
Objectives of soil stabilization. 6

I Classification of stabilizing agents and stabilization process. Nature
15
and surface characteristics of soil particle.
Concepts of surface area and contact points.
Inorganic stabilizing agents and their characteristics 6
Lime and Cement
II Fly ash 15
Hydroxides
Carbonates.
FIRST INTERNAL EXAM
Lime stabilization,
Reaction mechanism in relation to strength improvement, 7
III 15
Characteristics under various conditions of soil properties, Time,
Temperature and Stress
case studies
Cement stabilization
Reaction mechanism in relation to strength improvement, 7
IV Characteristics under various conditions of soil properties, 15
Time, Temperature and Stress.
Case studies

Fly ash stabilization-
Reaction mechanism in relation to strength improvement,
Characteristics under various conditions of soil properties, Time, 8
V 20
temperature and stress- case studies
Reaction mechanism in relation to strength improvement using
hydroxides, carbonates etc
Case Studies
Deleterious effects of organic substance and sulphates on inorganic
stabilization 8
Organic stabilizers
VI 20
Binding and water proofing agents- bituminous materials lignin,
large organic cations, resins and other organic wastes.
Caste Studies
END SEMESTER EXAM
61

Constitutive Modelling in
01CE 7217 3-0-0 3 2015
Geomechanics
Course Objectives
1. To obtain sufficient understanding of the principles of soil mechanics

2. To demonstrate to students the ability of finite element analysis in modelling real
boundary problems.
Syllabus
Introduction to Continuum Mechanics : Equilibrium equations; stress and strain; Mohr circle;
compatibility; axisymmetric conditions; Effective Stress Principle; Effective stress for different
materials and conditions; Introduction to Flow and Consolidation in Saturated and Unsaturated
Soils : Equilibrium equations ; Classical solution methods for consolidation; seepage; Constitutive
Models for Soils in Drained and Undrained Conditions : Elasticity; plastic yielding; failure criteria;
stress paths; plasticity theory; Limit Analyses : Upper bound solutions (Plastic slipline analysis);
Lower bound solutions (Limit equilibrium); Overview of Physical versus Numerical Modelling:
Geotechnical centrifuge modelling; Numerical modelling methods in geotechnical engineering.
Expected Outcome
1. Develop an understanding of assumptions and limitations involved in classical analysis
methods.
2. Understanding the role of constitutive models in finite element analyses.
3. Gain knowledge of the elastic stress-strain relation and constitutive parameters
References
1. Scott, R.F. (1963). Principles of Soil Mechanics. Addison Wesley, New York Atikinson,
J.H. and Bransby, P.L. (1978).
2. Mechanics of Soils: An introduction to Critical State Soil Mechanics, McGraw-Hill. New
York.
3. Puzrin, A. M., “Constitutive Modelling in Geomechanics”, Springer Heidelberg Dordecht,
New York, 2012..
62
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
Introduction to Continuum Mechanics

Equilibrium equations, static and dynamic; Stress, principal
I directions, invariants; Soil mechanics stress sign convention, Mohr
6 15
circle, stress space concepts; Strain, principal directions, invariants,
rotation, compatibility; Plane strain, plane stress, and axisymmetric
conditions
Effective Stress Principle
Derivation of effective stress for different materials;. Effective stress
II 6 15
under drained, undrained and seepage conditions; Unsaturated
conditions
FIRST INTERNAL EXAM
Introduction to Flow and Consolidation in Saturated and
Unsaturated Soils
III Derivation of coupled equilibrium equations for saturated soils; 15
8
Classical solution methods (e.g., time factors, Fourier series) for
consolidation; Steady-state and transient seepage in rigid and
deformable soils
Constitutive Models for Soils in Drained and Undrained
Conditions
Linear isotropic and anisotropic elasticity; Viscoelasticity and
IV 15
nonlinear elasticity; Concept of plastic yielding; Failure criteria 8
(Drucker-Prager, Tresca, Mohr-Coulomb, Lade, etc); Experimental
stress paths; Classical plasticity theory; Critical state soil mechanics
and Cam-Clay plasticity; Viscoplasticity
Limit Analyses
V 20
Upper bound solutions (Plastic slipline analysis) 7
Lower bound solutions (Limit equilibrium)
Overview of Physical versus Numerical Modelling Geotechnical
VI 20
centrifuge modelling; Numerical modelling methods in geotechnical 7
engineering
END SEMESTER EXAM
63

01CE7219 Geo environment and Landfill 3-0-0 3 2015
Course Objectives
To create a research interest in the field of Geoenvironmental engineering, to give students the
knowledge on geotechnical aspects in the disposal of waste materials and the remediation of
environmentally contaminated sites, to familiarise Design of landfill
Syllabus
Introduction and Soil-water-environment interaction, Variation in Engineering properties of soil,

Geotechnical applications of waste materials, Geotechnical Characterization of waste and disposal,
Site characterization and ranking of sites, MOEF guidelines for waste management and handling,
Landfill Components and its functions, Compacted clay liner, selection of soil, methodology of
construction, Geosynthetics in landfill- types and functions, geosynthetic clay liners -testing and
design aspects, Soil remediation, Investigation of contaminated soil,insitu/exituremediations, bio
remediation, thermal remediation, pump and treat method, phytoremediation and electrokinetic
remediation,Leachate disposal and Post closure of landfill, Control measures for waste dump and
vertical barriers, Case studies on long term behaviour of landfills
Expected Outcome
1. Deal with geo environmental engineering problems
References
1. Daniel, D.E. (1993). Geotechnical Practice for Waste Disposal. Chapman, and Hall, London.
2. Koerner, R.M. (2005). Designing with Geosynthetics. Fifth Edition. Prentice Hall, New
Jersey.
3. Reddi L.N and Inyang HI (2000) Geoenvironmental Engineering: Principles and
Applications, Marcel Dekker Inc Publication
4. R. N. Yong (2000) Geoenvironmental Engineering: Contaminated Soils, Pollutant Fate,
Mitigation Lewis Publication.
5. Dr. G V Rao and Dr. R S Sasidhar (2009) Solid waste Management and Engineered Landfills,
SaimasterGeoenvironmental Services Pvt. Ltd. Publication.
6. Ayyar TSR (2000) Soil engineering in relation to environment, LBS centre for Science and
Technology, Trivandrum.
7. Hari D. Sharma, Krishna R. Reddy (2004) Geoenvironmental Engineering: Site Remediation,
Waste Containment, and Emerging Waste Management Technologies, Publisher: John
Wiley & Sons Inc.
8. Donald L. Wise, Debra J. Trantolo, Hilary I. Inyang, Edward J. Cichon (2000) Remediation
Engineering of Contaminated Soils, Publisher: Marcel Dekker Inc.
64
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
Introduction and Soil-water-environment interaction

Introduction to geo-environmental Engineering, 7
I Soil-water-environment interaction relating to geotechnical problems,
15
Variation in Engineering properties of soil due to change in
environment/pore fluid.
Geotechnical applications of waste materials
Geotechnical Characterization of waste and disposal
Waste:-source, classification and management of waste 6
Physical, chemical and geotechnical characterization of municipal
solid waste
II 15
Waste disposal facilities, Parameters controlling the selection of site
for sanitary and industrial landfill.
Site characterization and ranking of sites. MOEF guidelines for waste
management and handling
FIRST INTERNAL EXAM
Landfill Components
Landfill layout and capacity, components of landfill and its functions 7
III Liner and cover systems, 15
MOEF guidelines and functional requirements of daily, intermediate
cover system.
Compacted clay liner, selection of soil, methodology of construction
Geosynthetics in landfill
IV Geosynthetics- types and functions, durability and chemical 6 15
resistance
Geomembranes geosynthetic clay liners -testing and design aspects
Soil remediation
Investigation of contaminated soil, sampling, assessment Transport of 8
V contaminants in saturated soil. 20
Remediation of contaminated soil-insitu/exituremediations, bio
remediation, thermal remediation, pump and treat method,
phytoremediation and electro-kinetic remediation
Leachate disposal and Post closure of landfill
Control measures for waste dump and vertical barriers 8
VI Geotechnical properties of flyash and disposal
20
Leachate disposal facilities, gas disposal/utilization
Closure and post closure system
Case studies on long term behaviour of landfills
END SEMESTER EXAM
65

01CE7221 Critical State Soil Mechanics 3-0-0 3 2015
Course Objectives
To create a research interest in the students in the field of Soil Mechanics, to give the students an
idea of the behaviour of soils at failure
Syllabus
State of stress and strain in soils;Normal and Shear stresses and strains; effective stress;Principal
stresses and strains; Mohr circle; Stress paths; 1 3 1 3’ axes; t: sand t’ :
s’ axes; Stress invariants;Laboratory compression tests on soils I; Requirements of soil loading tests;
Isotropic compression test; Overconsolidation; mathematical representation;Laboratory
compression tests on soils II; 1D compression (oedometer) test on soils; compression and swelling
indices;Test results; standard drained and undrained compression tests; Behaviour of NC clays;
Critical state line and Roscoe surface; Families of undrained and drained tests; Critical state line;
Behaviour of OC clays; volume changes and pore water pressure changes; Drained tests;Hvorslev
surface; elastic wall
Expected Outcome
1. Deal the research works on failure of soils
References
1. Scott R.F. Principles of Soil Mechanics, Addition Wesley-Reading, Mass, 1963.
2. Schofied, A.N and Wroth C.P Critical State Soil Mechanics McGraw Hill Book Co.Ltd,
London, 1968.
3. Atkinson, J.H and Bransby, P.L., The mechanics of Soils-an introduction to critical state soil
Mechanics, McGraw Hill Book Co.Ltd, London, 1978.
4. Wood,D.M. Soil behaviour and critical state soil mechanics, Cambridge university press
,1990
5. J.A.R.Ortigao, Soil mechanics in the light of critical state theories, Taylor and Francis,
London , 1995
66
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
State of stress and strain in soils

Normal stresses and strains – Shear stresses and strains
Pore pressure and total stress – effective stress – principle and
I 15
significance. Principal stresses and principal planes – Mohr circle 5
of stress. Pure shear strain and Engineers’ shear strain
Principal strains and principal planes – Mohr circle of strain
Stress paths
Introduction to stress path, Stress paths with s1 : s 3 and s 1’ : s 3’
II 15
axes, Stress paths with t: sand t’ : s’ axes
Stress invariants. Stress paths with q: pand q’ : p’ axes 7
FIRST INTERNAL EXAM
Laboratory compression tests on soils I
Requirements of soil loading tests – boundary conditions –
control of loading, pore pressure, drainage – classification of soil
III tests based on loading conditions. Isotropic compression test on 7 15
soils – back pressure – secondary compression, Isotropic
compression of clays – idealization – overconsolidation –
possible states – mathematical representation
Laboratory compression tests on soils II
1D compression (oedometer) test on soils, 1D compression of
clays – idealization, 1D and isotropic compression of clays,
IV 15
Coefficient of volume compressibility – compression and 8
swelling indices, Test results – standard drained and undrained
compression tests – NC and OC clays
Behaviour of NC clays - Critical state line and Roscoe surface
Families of undrained and drained tests , Critical state line. 8
V 20
Drained and Undrained Planes. Roscoe surface - Shape of Roscoe
surface - as state boundary surface
Behaviour of OC clays - Hvorslev surface and elastic wall
The behaviour of over consolidated samples: -critical state line- -
VI volume changes and pore water pressure changes 20
Drained tests, Hvorslev surface - Critical state line - complete 7
state boundary surface, Elastic wall concept
END SEMESTER EXAM
67

Forensic Geotechnical
01CE7223 3-0-0 3 2015
Engineering
Course Objectives
To create a research interest in the students in the field of Forensic Engineering, to give the students
an idea of the scope and application of Forensic Engineering in the future.
Syllabus
Forensic Engineering; Project reconnaissance; Plans, codes and other technical specifications
followed in the design; Diagnostic tests; Analysis of field data; Selection of the lab tests; Scope and
extent of Forensic Engineering techniques; Foundation failure investigations; Settlement of
structures; Problems in expansive soil; Back Analysis; Selection of the theoretical model;
Instrumentation and monitoring; Failure hypothesis; Development of the most probable failure
hypothesis; Performing reliability checks; Legal issues involved; Responsibility of geotechnical
engineers and contractors.
Expected Outcome
1. The students will be equipped to deal the research works on Forensic Engineering
References
1. Robert W Day, “Forensic Geotechnical Engineering and Foundation Engineering” Mc Graw

Hill
2. Malcolm D Bolton,”A guide to Soil Mechanics” University Press.
3. Saxena D S., ”Geotechnical and Geoforensic Case Histories” ,Department of Geotechnical
Engineering IIT, Chennai
4. Saxena D S., ”Forensic Engineering in Applied Civil Engineering and Geo domain”, fifth
International Conference on case histories in Geotechnical Engineering, Newyork
5. Saxena D S., ”Technical, Ethical and Legal issues with Forensic Engineering - A Case
History”, Proceedings, 13th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical
Engineering ,Kolkata, India
68
COURSE PLAN
Hours Allotted
% of Marks in
End-Semester
Examination
Module
Contents
Forensic Engineering
I Introduction-Project reconnaissance 7
Characterization of the distress involved in a building collapse 15
Plans, codes and other technical specifications followed in the design
Diagnostic tests
Analysis of field data 7
II 15
Selection of the lab tests based on the field parameters to evaluate the
behaviour of ground
FIRST INTERNAL EXAM
Scope and extent ofForensic Engineeringtechniques
Foundation failure investigations 8
III Settlement of structures 15
Problems in expansive soil
Lateral movement-other geotechnical and foundation problems-
groundwater and moisture problems
Back Analysis
IV Selection of the theoretical model 8 15
Method involved in the analysis
Instrumentation and monitoring
Failure hypothesis
V Development of the most probable failure hypothesis 6 20
Cross check with the original design concepts
Study on the case histories involved
Performing reliability checks
VI Legal issues involved
20
Insurance, repairs –how to reduce the potential liability 6
Responsibility of geotechnical engineers and contractors
END SEMESTER EXAM
69

01CE7291 Seminar-II 0-0-2 3 2015
Course Objectives
To make students
1. Identify the current topics in the specific stream.
2. Collect the recent publications related to the identified topics.
3. Do a detailed study of a selected topic based on current journals, published papers
and books.
4. Present a seminar on the selected topic on which a detailed study has been done.
Approach
Students shall make a presentation for 20-25 minutes based on the detailed study of
the topic and submit a report based on the study.
Expected Outcome
Upon successful completion of the seminar, the student should be able to

1. Get good exposure in the current topics in the specific stream.
3. Explore domains of interest so as to pursue the course project.
70

01CE7293 Project (Phase 1) 0-0-12 6 2015
Course Objectives
To make students
1. Do an original and independent study on the area of specialization.

2. Explore in depth a subject of his/her own choice.
3. Start the preliminary background studies towards the project by conducting
literature survey in the relevant field.
4. Broadly identify the area of the project work, familiarize with the tools required for
the design and analysis of the project.
5. Plan the experimental platform, if any, required for project work.
Approach
The student has to present two seminars and submit an interim Project report. The first
seminar would highlight the topic, objectives, methodology and expected results. The first
seminar shall be conducted in the first half of this semester. The second seminar is the
presentation of the interim project report of the work completed and scope of the work
which has to be accomplished in the fourth semester.
Expected Outcome
Upon successful completion of the project phase 1, the student should be able to
1. Identify the topic, objectives and methodology to carry out the project.
2. Finalize the project plan for their course project.
71
SEMESTER - IV
72

01CE7294 Project (Phase 2) 0-0-23 12 2015
Course Objectives
To continue and complete the project work identified in project phase 1.
Approach
There shall be two seminars (a mid term evaluation on the progress of the work and pre
submission seminar to assess the quality and quantum of the work). At least one technical paper
has to be prepared for possible publication in journals / conferences based on their project work.
Expected Outcome
Upon successful completion of the project phase II, the student should be able to
1. Get a good exposure to a domain of interest.
2. Get a good domain and experience to pursue future research activities.
73

Kerala Tech University MTech Geotech Curriculum

Încărcat de

Informații document

Descriere originală:

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Kerala Tech University MTech Geotech Curriculum

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

KERALA

Curriculum, Syllabus and Course Plan

Branch : Civil Engineering

Stream : Geotechnical Engineering

Cluster: 1 Branch: Civil Engineering Stream: Geotechnical Engineering

TOTAL CONTACT HOURS : 22

Cluster: 1 Branch: Civil Engineering Stream: Geotechnical Engineering

T 01CE7291 Seminar II 0-0-2 100 2

W 01CE7293 Project (Phase 1) 0-0-12 50 6

TOTAL 6-0-14 230 120 - 14

TOTAL CONTACT HOURS : 20

Cluster: 1 Branch: Civil Engineering Stream: Geotechnical Engineering

TOTAL CONTACT HOURS : 23

TOTAL NUMBER OF CREDITS: 67

Cluster: 1 Branch: Civil Engineering Stream: Geotechnical Engineering

Cluster: 1 Branch: Civil Engineering Stream: Geotechnical Engineering

Course No. Course Name L-T-P Credits Year of Introduction

Stress-strain relations: Equations of compatibility; Invariants of stress; Invariants of strain-

Cluster: 1 Branch: Civil Engineering Stream: Geotechnical Engineering

Cluster: 1 Branch: Civil Engineering Stream: Geotechnical Engineering

Course No. Course Name L-T-P Credits Year of Introduction

Cluster: 1 Branch: Civil Engineering Stream: Geotechnical Engineering

A historical perspective of Geotechnical Engineering and soil

Cluster: 1 Branch: Civil Engineering Stream: Geotechnical Engineering

Solution to Terzaghi’s 1D consolidation equation: Solution –degree

Cluster: 1 Branch: Civil Engineering Stream: Geotechnical Engineering

Course No. Course Name L-T-P Credits Year of Introduction

1. To impart in-depth knowledge about the mechanism of development of earth

1. B.M.Das, Principles of Foundation Engineering, Thomson, Indian Edition, 2003.

Cluster: 1 Branch: Civil Engineering Stream: Geotechnical Engineering

Stress conditions in a soil mass 8

Cluster: 1 Branch: Civil Engineering Stream: Geotechnical Engineering

Course No. Course Name L-T-P Credits Year of Introduction

1. To impart in-depth knowledge about the various methods of geotechnical

Planning an Investigation Programmes: factors to be considered;Exploration for preliminary and

Cluster: 1 Branch: Civil Engineering Stream: Geotechnical Engineering

Planning an Investigation Programmes

Cluster: 1 Branch: Civil Engineering Stream: Geotechnical Engineering

Course No. Course Name L-T-P Credits Year of Introduction

1. F.H.Chen, Foundations on expansive soils - Elsevier Science; 2nd edition, 1988

Cluster: 1 Branch: Civil Engineering Stream: Geotechnical Engineering

Introduction – origin of expansive soils - distribution of expansive

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

III Mechanics of swelling – moisture migration – swelling potential – 15

IV Mechanics of pier uplift – belled piers – friction piers – slabs on 15

Cluster: 1 Branch: Civil Engineering Stream: Geotechnical Engineering

01CE6213 Rock Mechanics and Tunnel Engineering 3-0-0 3 2015

Cluster: 1 Branch: Civil Engineering Stream: Geotechnical Engineering

Classification, properties and strength of rocks, Classification and index

Underground opening in infinite medium, Elastic and elasto-plastic

END SEMESTER EXAM

Cluster: 1 Branch: Civil Engineering Stream: Geotechnical Engineering

Course No. Course Name L-T-P Credits Year of Introduction

Cluster: 1 Branch: Civil Engineering Stream: Geotechnical Engineering

Introduction, Design consideration Factors influencing design,

FIRST INTERNAL EXAM

Embankment construction; Methods of placement and compaction

SECOND INTERNAL EXAM

Case of failure of major earth dam; Construction techniques of earth

END SEMESTER EXAM

Cluster: 1 Branch: Civil Engineering Stream: Geotechnical Engineering

Course No. Course Name L-T-P Credits Year of Introduction