Log Measurements and Tools Normally the mudcake has much higher resistance than the formation such that the cexcesspressure created inthe latteris negligible. Oncethe mudeake permeability drops very low (normally below 1 mD). this condition no longer holds and the formation next to the borehole may become supercharged. The similar phenomenon occurs in low permeability formations where filtrate invasion (in pressure communication with mad column) continues for a long period and which is why supercharging occurs, Boreal (3H, Po 'Mudeake (MC) Flushed zone FZ) ‘Transition zone (12) Figure 2 Invasion of the drilling fuid into the formation ‘Very close 10 the borehole most of the originé! formation water and some of the hydrocarbons may be flushed away by the filtrate (Figure 2a). This zone is referred toas the flushed zone. It contains, if the flushing is complete, only mud filtrate; if the formation was originally hydrocarbon beariag, only residual hydrocarbons. Oil- based mud invasion gives additional challenges, not least for its tendency to gravity segregation in the formation. Further out from the borehole, the displacement of the formation fluids by the mud filtrate is less and less complete, resulting in a transition from mus filtrate saturation tooriginal formation water saturation. This zene is referred to as the transition or invaded zone. The extent or depth of the flushed and transition zones depends on ‘many parameters such as: Instute of Petoleum Engneerng, Heriot-Watt University 5