CHAPTER 4

PROGRAMS AND APPS Presentation software

Program or software - allows users to create visual aids for presentations
- consists of a series of related instructions, to communicate ideas, messages, and other
organized for a common purpose, that tells the information to a group
computer what tasks to perform and how to
perform them Spreadsheet software
- allows users to organize data in columns and rows
Application or App and perform calculations on the data
- sometimes called application software
consists of programs designed to make users more Database
productive and/or assist them with personal tasks - a collection of data organized in a manner that
allows access, retrieval, and use of that data
Operating system *Database software allows users to create, access,
- a set of programs that coordinates all the activities and manage a database
among computer or mobile device hardware
Tools and activities Note taking software
System software - is an application that enables users to enter typed
text, handwritten comments, drawings, sketches,
Software is available in a variety of forms: photos, and links anywhere on a page
- Retail
- Custom Calendar and contact management software
- Web App - is an application that helps you organize your
- Mobile App calendar, keep track of contacts, and share this
- Mobile web app information with other users
- Shareware
- Freeware Software suite
- Open Source - is a collection of individual related applications
- Public Domain available together as a unit

PRODUCTIVITY APPLICATIONS Project management software

- Productivity applications can assist you in - is an application that allows a user to plan,
becoming more effective and efficient while schedule, track, and analyze the events, resources,
performing daily activities at work, school, and and costs of a project
home
Word processing Accounting software
Presentation - is an application that helps businesses of all sizes
Spreadsheet record and report their financial transactions
Database
Note taking
Calendar and contact management Personal finance software
Project management
Accounting - is a simplified accounting application that helps
Personal finance home users and small/home office users balance
Legal their checkbooks, pay bills, track personal income
Tax preparation
Document management and expenses, verify account balances, transfer
Enterprise computing funds, track investments, and evaluate financial
plans
With productivity applications, users often:
Legal software
- is an application that assists in the preparation of
Create a Edit a Format a Save a Distribute
project project project project a project
legal documents and provides legal information to
individuals, families, and small businesses

Tax preparation software

- is an application that can guide individuals,
Word processing software
families, or small businesses through the process of
- allows users to create and manipulate documents
filing federal and state taxes
*A major advantage of using word processing
software is that it enables users to change their
written words easily
Document management software SECURITY TOOLS
-is an application that provides a means for sharing, Personal firewall
distributing, and searching through documents by - is a security tool that detects and protects a
converting them into a format that can be viewed personal computer and its data from unauthorized
by any user intrusions

Large organization Antivirus program

- commonly referred to as an enterprise, requires - protects a computer against viruses by identifying
special computing solutions because of its size and and removing any computer viruses found in
geographic distribution memory, on storage media, or on incoming files
Human resources software
Accounting software Spyware
Engineering or product development software - is a type of program placed on a computer or
Manufacturing software
Marketing software mobile device without the user’s knowledge that
Sales software secretly collects information about the user and
Distribution software then communicates the information it collects to
Customer service software some outside source while the user is online
Software for information technology staff

GRAPHICS AND MEDIA SOFTWARE Adware

- Computer-aided design (CAD) software
- Desktop publishing software
- Paint/Image editing software
- Photo editing and photo management
software
- Video and audio editing software
Multimedia authoring software
- allows users to combine text, graphics, audio,
video, and animation in an interactive application
Website authoring software
- helps users of all skill levels create webpages that
include graphics, video, audio, animation, and
special effects with interactive content
- is a type of program that displays an online
advertisement in a banner or pop-up or pop-under
window on webpages, email messages, or other
A spyware remover is a type of program that
detects and deletes spyware and similar programs
An adware remover is a program that detects and
deletes adware
Security Tools
Anti-spam programs
Web filtering software
Phishing filters
Pop-up and pop-under blockers
FILE, DISK, AND SYSTEM MANAGEMENT TOOLS

Media player File manager

- is a program that allows you to view images and - is a tool that performs functions related to file
animations, listen to audio, and watch video files on management
your computer or mobile device
Search tool
Disc burning software - is a program, usually included with an operating
- writes text, graphics, audio, and video files on a system, that attempts to locate a file, contact,
recordable or rewritable disc calendar event, app, or any other item stored on
your computer or mobile device based on criteria
Personal Interest Applications you specify
Lifestyle applications
Medical applications Image viewer
Entertainment applications - is a tool that allows users to display, copy, and
Convenience applications
print the contents of a graphics file, such as a photo
Education applications

Communications Applications Uninstaller

Blog - is a tool that removes a program, as well as any
Browsing associated entries in the system files
Chat
Online Discussion
Email Disk cleanup tool
File Transfer - searches for and removes unnecessary files
Internet Phone
Instant Messaging
Mobile Messaging
Videoconference
Web Feeds
 Sleep mode saves any open documents running
Disk defragmenter programs or apps to RAM, turns off all unneeded
- is a tool that reorganizes the files and unused functions, and then places the computer in a
space on a computer’s hard disk so that the low-power state
operating system accesses data more quickly and
Hibernate mode saves any open documents and
programs run faster
running programs or apps to an internal hard
*Defragmenting drive before removing power from the computer
or device

User interface (UI)

- controls how you enter data and instructions and
how information is displayed on the screen
- With a graphical user interface (GUI), you interact
with menus and visual images
Screen Saver
- is a tool that causes a display device’s screen to
Command-Line Interface
show a moving image or blank screen if no
- In a command-line interface, a user types
keyboard or mouse activity occurs for a specified
commands represented by short keywords or
time
abbreviations or presses special keys on the
keyboard to enter data and instructions
File Compression Tool
- shrinks the size of a file(s)
*How an operating system handles programs
directly affects your productivity
PC Maintenance Tool
- a program that identifies and fixes operating Single tasking and multitasking
system problems, detects and repairs drive Foreground and background
problems, and includes the capability of improving Single user and multiuser
a computer’s performance

Backup tool Memory management

- allows users to copy, or back up, selected files or - optimizes the use of the computer or device’s
the contents of an entire storage medium to internal memory
another storage location
Virtual memory
Restore tool - is a portion of a storage medium functioning as
- reverses the process and returns backed up files to additional RAM
their original form
*The operating system determines the order in
CHAPTER 9 which tasks are processed
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Operating system (OS) Driver
- is a set of programs that coordinate all the - is a small program that tells the operating system
activities among computer or mobile device how to communicate with a specific device
hardware
Start and shut down a computer or mobile device Plug and Play
Provide a user interface
Manage programs - automatically configures new devices as you
Manage memory install or connect them
Coordinate tasks
Configure devices
Monitor performance
Establish an Internet connection Performance monitor
Provide file management and other device or media-related tasks - is a program that assesses and reports information
Updating operating system software
Control a network about various computer resources and devices
Administer security
OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS *Operating systems typically provide a means to
Starting Computers and Mobile Devices establish Internet connections
- If a computer or mobile device is off, you press a
power button to turn it on Automatic update
* An operating system includes various power - regularly provides new features or corrections to
options the program
*Operating systems often provide users with a *The latest versions of Windows offer these features
variety of tools related to managing a computer, its - Uses tiles to access apps
devices, or its programs - Includes the desktop interface
File Manager - Support for input via touch, mouse, and
Search keyboard
Image Viewer
Uninstaller - Email app, calendar app, and browser
Disk Cleanup included
Disk Defragmenter - Photos, files, and settings you can sync with
Screen Saver
File Compression OneDrive
PC Maintenance - Enhanced security through an antivirus
Backup and Restore program, firewall, and automatic updates
- Windows Store offers additional applications
*Some operating systems are designed to work with for purchase
a server on a network
*These multiuser operating systems allow multiple Macintosh operating system
users to share a printer, Internet access, files, and - has earned a reputation for its ease of use
programs - Latest version is OS X
*A network administrator uses the server operating
system to: UNIX is a multitasking operating system developed
- Add and remove users, computers, and other in the early 1970s
devices
- Configure the network, install software and Linux is a popular, multitasking UNIX-based
administer network security operating system

User account Chrome OS

- enables a use to sign in to, or access resources on, - is a Linux-based operating system designed to
a network or computer work primarily with web apps

User name Server Operating Systems

- or user ID, identifies a specific user - Windows Server
- OS X Server
Password - UNIX
- is a private combination of characters associated - Linux
with the user name
MOBILE OPERATING SYSTEMS
Types of Operating Systems - The operating system on mobile devices and
many consumer electronics is called a mobile
operating system and resides on firmware

Android
- is an open source, Linux-based mobile operating
system designed by Google for smartphones and
tablets

iOS
- developed by Apple, is a proprietary mobile
operating system specifically made for Apple’s
mobile devices
DESKTOP OPERATING SYSTEMS
Desktop operating system Windows Phone
- is a complete operating system that works on - developed by Microsoft, is a proprietary mobile
desktops, laptops, and some tablets operating system that runs on some smartphones
Windows
Mac OS
UNIX
Linux
Chrome OS
CHAPTER 8 - Read/Write head
STORAGE - Revolutions per minute
Storage Medium
- is the physical material on which a computer Head crash
keeps data, information, programs, and - occurs when a read/write head touches the
applications surface of a platter
*Always keep a backup of your hard disk
Cloud Storage
-keeps information on servers on the Internet, and SSD (solid state drive)
the actual media on which the files are stored are - is a flash memory storage device that contains its
transparent to the user own processor to manage its storage
- An SSD (solid state drive) has several advantages
Storage device over traditional (magnetic) hard disks:
- is the hardware that records and/or retrieves items Faster access times
to and from storage media Faster transfer rates
Quieter operation
Reading is the process of More durable
transferring items from a Lighter weight
storage medium into memory Less power consumption
Less heat generation
Longer life
Writing is the process of Defragmentation not required
transferring items from
memory to a storage medium External hard disk
- is a separate freestanding storage device that
Capacity connects with a cable to a USB port or other port
- is the number of bytes a storage medium can hold on a computer or mobile device
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RAID (redundant array of independent disks)
*Items on a storage medium remain intact even - is a group of two or more integrated hard disks or
when you turn off a computer or mobile device SSDs

Access time PORTABLE FLASH MEMORY STORAGE

- measures the amount of time it takes a storage Memory card
device to locate an item on a storage medium -is a removable flash memory storage device that
- the time required to deliver an item from memory you insert and remove from a slot in a computer,
to the processor mobile device, or card reader/writer
SDHC
SDXC
HARD DRIVES miniSD
Hard disk microSDHC
- also called a hard disk drive (HDD) contains one or microSDXC
more inflexible, circular platters that use magnetic CF
particles to store data, instructions, and information xD Picture Card
Memory Stick PRO Duo
M2
*The storage capacity of hard disks varies and is
determined by:
- The number of platters the hard disk USB flash drives
contains - plug into a USB port on a computer or mobile
- Whether the disk uses longitudinal or device
perpendicular recording
- Density CLOUD STORAGE
Cloud storage
Formatting - is an Internet service that provides storage to
- is the process of dividing the disk into tracks and computer or mobile device users
sectors
Characteristics of a hard disk include: OPTICAL DISCS
- Tracks Optical disc
- Sectors - consists of a flat, round, portable disc made of
- Platter metal, plastic, and lacquer that is written and read
- Form Factor by a laser
*Optical discs commonly store items in a single
track that spirals from the center of the disc to the
edge of the disc
*Track is divided into evenly sized sectors
A CD-ROM can be read from but not written to
* Single-session disc
A CD-R is an optical disc on which users can write once, but
not erase
A CD-RW is an erasable multisession disc
RFID tag
- consists of an antenna and a memory chip that
contains the information to be transmitted via radio
waves
*An RFID reader reads the radio signal and transfers
the information to a computer or computing
*An NFC-enabled device contains an NFC chip
*An NFC tag contains a chip and an antenna that
contains information to be transmitted
*Most NFC tags are self-adhesive

A DVD-ROM is a high-capacity optical disc on which users

can read but not write on or erase

A DVD-R or DVD+R are competing DVD-recordable WORM

formats, on which users can write once but not erase

DVD-RW, DVD+RW, and DVD+RAM are competing DVD-

rewritable formats that users can write on multiple times

ENTERPRISE STORAGE
Enterprise hardware
- allows large organizations to manage and store
data and information using devices intended for
heavy use, maximum efficiency, and maximum
availability
*RAID duplicates data, instructions, and information
to improve data reliability

Network attached storage (NAS)

- is a server that is placed on a network with the sole
purpose of providing storage to users, computers,
and devices attached to the network

Storage area network (SAN)

- is a high-speed network with the sole purpose of
providing storage to other attached servers

Tape
- is a magnetically coated ribbon of plastic
capable of storing large amounts of data and
information
*A tape drive reads and writes data and
information on a magnetic tape

OTHER TYPES OF STORAGE

Magnetic stripe card
- has a magnetic stripe that contains information

Smart card
- stores data on an integrated circuit embedded in
the card