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Contents
TABLE OF

November 2019 • Vol. 246 • No. 11 Since 1859, the worldwide authority in pipeline operations.

16 | Winter Is Coming, And the

Gas Storage Outlook Appears Secure

24 | 500 Report
Not Many Surprises in Annual 500 Report ................. 24
The Top Ten Lists ...............................................................26
The Leading Gas Distribution Utilities ............................28
The Leading Transmission Pipelines ..............................34
The Leading Liquids Pipelines ........................................37

CO2 Pipelines
41 | Alberta Carbon Trunk Line About to Come on Line

42 | Energy-Related CO2 Emissions to Increase Through 2050

44 | Our World Is Moving – And So Are The Pipelines

48 | How to Readily Access Accurate Data

in Pipeline Integrity Management

50 | How Rotating Equipment Enhances Efficiency in Pipelines

53 | Why Tanzania, Zambia Want a New Oil Pipeline

Professional Services Guide ................ 54

62 | Enterprise Extending Acadian Gas
Pipeline System in Louisiana

63 | Permian Highway Pipeline ‘Compatible’ with Community

64 | World Petroleum Congress Announces Presenting Sponsors

16
DEPARTMENTS

002 I Editor’s Notebook

004 I Global News

010 I Government

012 I Projects

064 I Tech Notes

063 I What’s New

065 I Business
ON THE COVER: NEXT MONTH
066 I Business Card Directory
The Alberta Carbon Trunk In the December issue, Pipeline & Gas Journal looks at local
074 I Meetings Line (ACTL) project in Alberta, distribution companies.
Canada, is a massive undertak-
774 I Sales Representative ing, consisting of a 150-mile
(240-km) pipeline, which will
074 I Advertiser’s Index gather 14.6 mtpa of CO2 when
in reaches full capacity.
0 76 I Executive Q&A
www.pgjonline.com
www.pgjonline.com
|1
 EDITOR’S NOTEBOOK
Michael Reed, Editor P.O. Box 2608
Houston, TX 77252-2608, USA
Phone: (713) 529-4301
www.pgjonline.com
PGJ: A Shared Pipeline Experience
This being my first column as editor of Pipeline & Gas EDITORIAL
Journal, my immediate inclination was to tell you some of Publisher: Brian Nessen
Brian.Nessen@GulfEnergyInfo.com
the history of the publication and a little bit about myself.
Editor Michael Reed
After sitting at the keyboard for several minutes, though, I realized that hitting Michael.Reed@PGJonline.com
on the high points of a magazine that was already more than 150 years old when Executive Editor Jeff Awalt
I joined the staff seven years ago – and has grown to be so much more than a Jeff.Awalt@GulfEnergyInfo.com
magazine in the digital age – would be a fool’s errand for a couple of reason. Digital Editor Jason Cockerham
For one thing, I am not a good enough writer to do justice to PGJ’s many jason.cockerham@gulfenergyinfo.com
successes over the decades in a mere 700 words. Secondly, everyone – at least Contributing Editors Stephen Barlas
those in world of midstream and pipelines – seem to know a lot about the pub- Richard Nemec
Nicholas Newman
lication. In fact, as I discovered in early 2013 when I joined the staff after many Mauro Nogarin
years in the newspaper business, oil and gas professions already understood the Consultant Oliver C. Klinger III
significance of the publication to a surprising degree.
I live in Houston, where MAGAZINE PRODUCTION (713) 525-4604
Vice President Production Sheryl Stone
PGJ is headquartered, as Sheryl.Stone@GulfEnergyInfo.com
are – to put it mildly – a Art Director Sheri Biscardi
whole lot of other pipeline Sheri.Biscardi@GulfEnergyInfo.com
and energy-related compa- Advertising Manager Cheryl Willis
nies. Even taking that into Cheryl.Willis@GulfEnergyInfo.com
consideration, the response
EVENTS
I received whenever the Convention Director Karen Francis
Opened in 1961, the Illinois Oilfield Museum was topic of my new employer Karen.Francis@GulfEnergyInfo.com
located in Oblong, Ill., southeast of Effingham. It has came up was stunning.
ADVERTISING SALES
since moved to a new building. “I read that at our office For complete list of sales representatives please refer to page 74.
all the time. I go grab it off my boss’ desk whenever I have a chance,” was
a not-quite verbatim response I got from a chemical engineer, whom I met at CIRCULATION (713) 520-4468
Customer Service CustomerService@gulfenergyinfo.com
auto repair shop. He had noticed I was carrying a Schlumberger promotional
bag and excitedly asked if I worked for the giant oilfield services company. His SUBSCRIPTIONS
excitement did not diminish when I said I was with PGJ either. Pipeline & Gas Journal (USPS 040-970) (ISSN 32-0188) is published
monthly by Gulf Energy Information, 2 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1020,
Frequently, such encounters would be followed by a flurry of questions about
Houston, TX 77046. Circulation Department: PO Box 2608, Houston, TX
pending pipeline projects, regulatory changes and a never-ending array of acro- 77252-2608.
nyms, some of which I understood: FERC, PHMSA, ROW, and others: DIMP, © Copyright 2019 by Gulf Energy Information LLC. All rights reserved. No
PLSV, SSFP, that left me scratching my head and checking in with Google shortly part of this publication may be transmitted or reproduced in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or
afterward. Obviously, I had a lot to learn – and I’m still getting quite an education. any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing
A few years back, I pointed out how much I still had to learn to the incred- from the Publisher. Subscription rates are: one year $199, two years $340,
ibly gracious Ray Lewis, who has since retired from ROSEN after 70-plus 3 years $440. One year airmail is $175. Current year single issue copies
(pre-paid only): $25 plus postage. Back issues one year old or more: $25
years of service as the ultimate expert in pipeline pressure testing technology. plus postage. November Annual 500 Report $50 plus postage. Cumula-
(Yes, you read that right – seven decades.) tive editions of this publication are available in microfilm from University
His response took me aback, but in retrospect, it probably should not have. It’s Microfilms Inc., N. Zeeb Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48106. Ph: (313) 761-4700.
Periodical class postage paid in Houston, TX and additional mailing offices.
a good thing to recognize, Mike, I recall him saying. I still have a lot to learn, too. Postmaster and address changes to: Pipeline & Gas Journal, PO Box
There’s something new in this business to sort out every day. There always will be. 2608, Houston, TX 77252-2608.
On that note, I’d like to promise Ray and our readers that I will continue to
learn, as will the rest of our staff, and report back to you on what we’ve found REPRINTS & E-PRINT PRODUCTS
Foster Printing at Mossberg & Co.
out. In this way, through our newsletters, special reports, featured magazine Jill Kaletha JKaletha@MossbergCo.com
articles and daily content, we will help you to sort out all the changes caused 574-289-9253 x149 or 800-428-3340 x149
by forces inside and outside the industry.
Oh, yes, now for that little bit about my background that I promised a few
hundred words ago: As I said earlier, I have a background in newspapers as
an editor and reporter, mostly in oil country, including a few years at the late,
occasionally great, Houston Post. President/CEO John T. Royall
I must confess, however, I grew up in Illinois, where my exposure – at least CFO Alan Millis
my overt exposure to the industry was minimal. In fact, I believe I was in Vice President Andy McDowell
my late teens and visiting in the southern part of the state (I graduated from Vice President, Finance & Operations Pamela Harvey
Southern Illinois University), when I encountered my first oil well. Vice President, Production Sheryl Stone
Vice President, Global Data Solutions Harry Brookby
It was small, squeaked loudly, and made little impression on me except that
Publication Agreements Number 40034765 Printed in U.S.A.
the owner of the farm where it was located seemed to be quite happy it was on
Other Gulf Energy Information titles include: Pipeline News, Un-
his land. Then he mentioned something about “mailbox money.” I didn’t know
derground Construction, Gas Processing & LNG, Hydrocarbon
what that meant back then, but I have since learned. Processing, World Oil and Petroleum Economist.

2 | • November 2019
 The heat is on, naturally.
Natural gas is a safe, reliable and
affordable energy choice. We partner
with you to deliver that value every day.
See how at burnsmcd.com/PGJuncover.

Offices Worldwide
 GLOBAL NEWS

480,000 tons of cooking gas, currently

US Supreme Court to Hear Appalachian Trail Pipeline Fight carried in trucks from half a dozen Indian
The U.S. Supreme Court agreed to depots to different points in Nepal.
hear an appeal by Dominion Energy and
President Donald Trump’s administration Brazil’s Petrobras Confronts
of a lower court ruling that halted construc- Growing Pipeline Thefts
tion of the 600-mile Atlantic Coast Pipeline Brazilian state-run oil firm Petrobras said
under a section of the Appalachian Trail in thefts from its pipelines soared to a record
rural Virginia. high 261 incidents in the states of Rio de
The administration and companies Janeiro and Sao Paulo last year, up from just
involved in the $7.5 billion project, includ- one case in 2014, according to a securities
ing North Carolina’s Duke Energy, have filing and a Reuters report.
asked the justices to overturn a ruling that the U.S. Forest Service lacks authority to Most of those heists, police say, are
grant a right-of-way for the pipeline. the work of sophisticated criminal groups,
The Supreme Court’s ruling, due before its term ends in June 2020, could also affect some with their own trucks, distribution
the 300-mile Mountain Valley Pipeline project, which is intended to run from West firms and even retail gas stations.
Virginia to southern Virginia and crosses the trail in the Jefferson National Forest. Crime costs Petrobras’ distribution
The Forest Service granted a right of way under the trail in January 2018, prompting subsidiary, Petrobras Transporte SA, or
lawsuits by environmental groups, and an appeals court ruled in December 2018 that the Transpetro, over $37 million per year, CEO
Forest Service lacks the authority to grant a right of way under a federal law called the Roberto Castello Branco said.
Mineral Leasing Act. The court cited a section of the law that says federal agencies can The alleged losses are tiny compared to
grant rights of way for pipelines on “federal lands” but specifically excludes land that is Mexico, where fuel theft costs state-run
part of the federal National Park system like the Appalachian Trail. Pemex over $3 billion annually.
The Trump administration, however, is disputing that interpretation. Solicitor General “We’re working exactly to prevent Brazil
Noel Francisco contended in court filings that the National Park Service has only limited from turning into Mexico,” da Silva said.
authority to maintain the trail and that the Forest Service has the authority to approve
rights of way across it. China’s Gas Consumption Growth
Lawyers for the pipeline noted that more than 50 pipelines already cross under the trail, Rate Expected to Slip in 2019
arguing in court filings that the appeals court ruling has the effect of “rendering the footpath China’s natural gas consumption growth
a 2,200-mile barrier separating resource-rich areas to its west from consumers to its east.” rate is expected slow to around 10 percent
in 2019, from 17.5 percent last year, amid
Israel to Increase Gas Exports to In a joint statement, the Israeli compa- easing economic growth and pressure on the
Egypt via EMED Pipeline nies said the amount to be sold from the country’s production, storage and gas sales
Israel is significantly increasing the amount Leviathan field will nearly double to 60 network, a government report showed.
of natural gas it plans to export via the EMED Bcm of gas over 15 years. Supplies will The research report, conducted by the oil
Pipeline to Egypt under a landmark deal, begin Jan. 1 and continue through 2034. and gas department at the National Energy
Israeli energy companies said. Administration, forecasts gas consumption
Partners in Israel’s Leviathan and Tamar India, Nepal Open South Asia’s at almost 11 Tcf this year.
offshore gas fields agreed last year to sell First Cross-Border Oil Pipeline Like the rest of the global economy, China’s
$15 billion worth of gas to a customer in India and Nepal have officially opened growth prospects are being overshadowed by
Egypt in what Israeli officials called the South Asia’s first cross-border oil pipeline, a the lengthening trade dispute with the United
most significant deal to emerge since the project seen as part of New Delhi’s efforts to States. China, the world’s second-largest buyer
neighbors made peace in 1979. increase its influence in the Himalayan nation of liquefied natural gas last year and this year,
The amended agreement sees a 34% where China is also making deep inroads. has imposed tariffs on imports of U.S. LNG.
increase in exports to about 85 Bcm. One The 43-mile (69-km) pipeline, built by The report also recommends boosting
source in the Israeli energy industry esti- state-owned Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) China’s domestic gas production with develop-
mated the value of gas was now $19.5 billion in cooperation with Nepal Oil Corporation, ment of the Sichuan basin into the country’s
– $14 billion coming from Leviathan and was completed 15 months ahead of sched- top gas hub. “Through expanding development
$5.5 billion from Tamar. ule, officials said. The pipeline will supply of deep-reservoir gas, tight gas and shale gas,
Texas-based Noble Energy, Israel’s Delek oil from Motihari in the eastern Indian state Sichuan is likely to account for about a third of
Drilling and Ratio Oil own Leviathan. Noble, of Bihar to Amlekhgunj in Nepal. the country’s gas output,” the report said.
Delek Drilling, Isramco and Tamar Petroleum India funded the $45 million pipeline
are leading partners in the Tamar field. project, which is expected to save Nepal Oxy Puts Hold on Western
Noble and Delek Drilling have also part- about $8.7 million a year in transport costs. Midstream Selloff
nered Egyptian East Gas Co in a venture Nepal, which shares a 1,094-mile Occidental Petroleum Corp said it failed
called EMED, which bought the subsea (1,751-km) border with India, consumes to draw an attractive offer for Western
EMG pipeline to carry the gas. about 2.66 million tons of oil and about Midstream while pipeline stocks are in the

4 | • November 2019
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LNG Investments Hit Record $50 Billion in 2019 “I want to thank the jury for recogniz-
Record invest- ing Ulma’s unfair and deceptive practices
ments of $50 bil- that have gone on for years,” Weldbend
lion have turned President James Coulas Jr. said. “American
2019 into a ban- companies like Weldbend and Boltex can
ner year for LNG, compete with anyone in the world on a fair
with Canada and and level playing field.”
the United States
being the main 2 Indicted on Federal Counts
drivers, the chief in Pipeline Vandalism Case
of the International Two people accused of damaging valves
Energy Agency and setting fire to construction equipment
(IEA) said. along an oil pipeline that crosses Iowa and
The industrial three other states have been indicted on feder-
sector is Asia’s big- al charges in the case, federal prosecutors said.
The Center for Liquefied Natural Gas gest driver of LNG Jessica Reznicek and Ruby Montoya, both
growth, with China expected to overtake Japan as the world’s top importer of the fuel of Des Moines, face federal charges of con-
in five years, said Fatih Birol, the agency’s executive director. spiracy to damage an energy facility, four
“(Through June) this year, 2019 already broke the highest amount of (final investment counts of use of fire in the commission of a
decisions) for the first time ever, $50 billion,” he said during a conference in Tokyo. felony, and four counts of malicious use of fire.
More than 170 Bcm of natural gas liquefaction capacity is due to take a final invest- If convicted, they may face decades in prison.
ment decision this year, a record far surpassing the previous high in 2005 of 70 Bcm,
according to the IEA. Tellurian Signs $2.5 Billion
The recent boost in contracting activity and project sanctioning follows the growing LNG Deal with India’s Petronet
adoption of the equity offtake marketing structure, where companies have access to Tellurian Inc has signed a $2.5 billion
LNG volumes according to their equity stake, reducing the need for long-term sale and investment deal with India’s Petronet for
purchase agreements, the agency said in a report released this month. its Driftwood LNG project, making it one
European LNG imports also are expected to increase as domestic gas production of the largest foreign investments in a U.S.
declines and nations diversify supply. Natural gas production in Europe has halved over infrastructure project.
the past decade, increasing the call on other sources of flexibility, IEA said in a report Petronet will spend $2.5 billion for
last month. an 18% equity stake in the $28 billion
The United States will make up two-thirds of global growth in LNG exports, which Driftwood LNG terminal – the largest out-
could turn pricing dynamics in Asia towards more gas-linked, rather than oil-linked side holding so far in the project – and
LNG contracts, Birol said. negotiate the purchase of 5 million tons of
gas per year.
doldrums and has decided to wait until next master limited partnership. Occidental fully Tellurian plans to build four pipelines
year before trying again to sell the business. owns the general partner stake, which effec- that will move natural gas from the Permian
Houston-based Oxy gained Western tively controls Western Midstream, and Basin, Eagle Ford Shale and Haynesville
Midstream this year as part of its $38 bil- around 55% of Western Midstream’s lim- Shale to the facility. Driftwood is expected
lion acquisition of Anadarko Petroleum, ited partner units. to begin first shipments in 2023.
a move which gave it substantial Permian
Basin acreage but also assets in areas it had Weldbend, Boltex Win Lawsuit Kinder Morgan Starts
previously exited or had little interest in. Against Ulma Forja Elba Island Production
Oxy signed an $8.8 billion agreement A jury returned a verdict in favor of Kinder Morgan has started production of
with Total SA for Anadarko’s African hold- Weldbend and Boltex on all counts in a LNG production from the first plant of its
ings in May and held talks in recent weeks lawsuit filed by the American carbon steel new Elba Island export facility, following
with possible buyers, including private flange manufacturers against Spain’s Ulma regulatory approval.
equity firms and infrastructure funds, about Forja and its U.S. subsidiary, Ulma Piping. The Elba Island facility is one of a half-
selling some of Western Midstream. Chicago-based Weldbend and Boltex of dozen in the country beginning to produce
However, a decline in pipeline stocks Houston became suspicious when Ulma LNG for export, contributing to soaring
since the end of July impacted Western began offering supposedly heat-treated supplies of fuel globally and upending gas
Midstream’s value. Occidental said it remains (“normalized”) flanges to U.S. customers at markets in Europe and Asia.
on track to deliver $10 billion to $15 billion undercut prices. Plaintiffs sued Ulma in 2017 The facility has experienced start-up delays
of planned asset sales and remains confident after metallurgical testing suggested that since late last year as it tweaked the setup of its
in its deleveraging strategy. Ulma’s flanges had not been normalized and 10 trains. In total, they will produce around 3
Western Midstream is structured as a did not meet industry standards as claimed. mtpa when up and running.

6 | • November 2019
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WELDBEND.COM
 GOVERNMENT
Stephen Barlas, Contributing Editor, Washington, D.C.
PHMSA Issues Major Gas and
Hazardous Liquid Safety Rules
Years after receiving congressio-
nal directives to change pipeline safety
laws – with similar suggestions coming
from the National Transportation Safety
Administration – the federal pipeline safety
agency finally issued two major rules, one
directed at interstate gas pipelines the other
at hazardous liquids pipelines.
The two very detailed, technical rules are
similar in some respects to the extent they
extend “integrity management” programs
beyond high-consequence areas (HCA), and
force a more thorough and timely effort to
find leaks in both sectors.
There are also provisions on use of
inspection tools, such as changes to where
direct assessment can be used, and some
leeway on use of inline tools, known as
“pigs.” The gas rule also mandates new
inspections of pre-1970-installed pipes and
other segments, which will need to have
maximum allowable operating pressures
(MAOP) reconfirmed.
“These regulations are an important
step in advancing safety, and we strongly
encourage PHMSA to continue to pursue
additional rulemaking that provides liquid
pipeline operators the flexibility to use
fit-for-purpose repair criteria based on data
and sound engineering principles,” said
Robin Rorick, vice president of Midstream
and Industry Operations at the American
Petroleum Institute (API).
The Interstate Natural Gas Association
of America (INGAA) worked with PHMSA
and other stakeholders to sculpt the final gas
transmission rule, which was first necessi-
tated by a congressional pipeline safety bill
passed in 2011. PHMSA itself inaugurated a
rulemaking on some aspects of the final rule
EPA May Cancel Emission Controls for Gas Transmission
The Environmental Protection Agency
wants to relieve the gas transmission
industry from compliance with 2012 and
2016 Clean Air Act standards related to
volatile organic chemicals (VOC) and
greenhouse gases, chiefly methane.
The Obama EPA adopted revised stan-
dards for VOCs for the oil and gas sector in
10 | • November 2019
in 2011, too. The industry had been anxious
for the final rule to be issued.
“The natural gas pipeline industry is
pleased to see the completion of this major
update to PHMSA’s pipeline safety regula-
tions,” said Don Santa, president and CEO
of the INGAA. “While INGAA still needs
to review the specifics of the final rule, we
know that it embraces new pipeline safety
technologies and engineering practices and
constitutes the most significant enhance-
ment to PHMSA natural gas transmission
pipeline safety regulations since the federal
code was created in 1970.”
One key provision on the gas side (dis-
tribution pipelines are not covered by the
new rule) involves confirmation of MAOP
for pipelines built before 1970, called
“grandfathered” pipelines, operating at or
above 30% of specified minimum yield
strength (SMYS).
Operators with missing records can
choose one of six methods to reconfirm
MAOP and must keep the record that is
generated by this exercise for the life of the
pipeline. PHMSA also created an oppor-
tunistic method by which operators with
insufficient material property records can
obtain such records.
The extension of integrity requirements
brings in pipelines in Class 3 and Class 4
locations and in the newly defined “moder-
ate consequence areas” (MCA). These must
be assessed initially within 14 years of this
rule’s publication and be reassessed at least
once every 10 years thereafter.
INGAA supported the creation of MCAs
but wanted changes made in the initial defi-
nition proposed by the PHMSA. INGAA
suggested PHMSA should limit the defini-
2012 and at the same time, for the first time,
required transmission and storage facilities
to adhere to those standards, which affect
mostly controllers and compressors. In 2016
the agency extended Clean Air Act standards
to methane emissions.
If the Trump EPA-proposed rule issued
in September becomes final, the decision
tion of an MCA to only those pipeline seg-
ments that could be assessed through an ILI
inspection and amend the MCA definition
to avoid ambiguity regarding residential
structures, for example.
PHMSA acceded to the first request
allowing the use of direct assessment
but denied the latter. Direct assessment
in MCAs is appropriate if it is suitable
for the threat being assessed but cannot
be used to assess threats for which direct
assessment is not suitable, such as assess-
ing pipe seam threats.
This rule also explicitly requires devices
on in-line inspection (ILI) launchers or
receiver facilities that can safely relieve
pressure in the barrel before inserting or
removing ILI tools. It also requires the use
of a device that can indicate whether the
pressure has been relieved in the barrel or
can otherwise prevent the barrel from being
opened if the pressure is not relieved.
Though the pipeline industry eagerly
awaiting both final rules, gas transmis-
sion companies may be disappointed only
some of the proposals the agency has been
considering since 2011 are being finalized.
The agency anticipates completing a second
rulemaking in the future to address repair
criteria in HCAs and the creation of new
repair criteria for non-HCAs, requirements
for inspecting pipelines following extreme
events, updates to pipeline corrosion control
requirements, codification of a management
of change process, clarification of certain
other IM requirements, and strengthening
IM assessment requirements.
A third rulemaking is expected to address
requirements related to gas gathering lines
that were proposed in the NPRM.
could cancel the transmission industry’s
inclusion in the “oil and gas” category
eliminating any need to comply with either
VOC or methane emission restrictions.
However, the agency broached the pos-
sibility of not going forward with that
action. The Obama administration made
the decision in 2012 to bring transmission
 companies into the oil and gas category,
arguing it was “interpreting” a 1979 rul-
ing on what sectors are in the oil and
gas industry, which was “broad enough”
to include transmission companies even
though they were not specifically men-
tioned in that 1979 document.
In 2016, interstate pipeline companies
and INGAA asked for a two-year stay of
that rule citing provisions affecting fugi-
tive emission requirements at compressor
stations, so-called “delay of repair” require-
ments associated with repairing leaks at
compressor stations and obligations related
to third-party equipment and altering the
phase-in periods for these requirements.
Most of those objected-to provisions
went into effect. However, in 2018, the
EPA announced it was reconsidering three
issues, one of which was the fugitive emis-
sion provisions. In response, in December
2018, INGAA-submitted comments asked
for numerous changes to the 2016 final
Making the world a cleaner place...
Tel:281-351-2749
Fax:281-351-4658
Toll Free:800-578-7436
Email:Sales@pigsunlimited.com
The proposed rule changes of
September 2019 would give INGAA
everything it wanted and more.
rule, including those on leak detection
and repair and, for example, revising the
delay of repair provisions to eliminate
the requirement to complete a repair if a
planned vent blowdown occurs.
The three 2018 proposed changes,
including the one on fugitive emissions,
were never finalized by the Trump EPA.
So, INGAA’s requested changes were
never acted on.
But the September 2019 proposed rule
would give the association everything it
wanted and much more. Any final rule
removing transmission companies from the
oil and gas industry for the purposes of
clean air standards would obviously elimi-
One pipeline at a time.™
nate all requirements on gas companies
imposed by both the 2012 and 2016 final
rules. The EPA did offer an alternative pro-
posal that would allow it to eliminate meth-
ane restrictions but maintain VOC emission
standards for the transmission industry.
Patrick Creighton, a spokesman for the
INGAA, said the group will be filing com-
ments on the proposed rule. Those are due
at the end of November.
Meanwhile, environmental groups have
taken issue with the proposal, which would
relieve the entire energy industry from having
to monitor and limit greenhouse gas emissions.
The VOC limits would still be in effect
for all sectors except interstate gas trans-
mission companies and storage companies.
Sierra Club Executive Director Michael
Brune said, “This proposal is a blatant
attempt to give oil and gas companies yet
another free pass to release as much harm-
ful air pollution as they want while the
public pays the price.” — Stephen Barlas
distributors
wanted
www.pgjonline.com
| 11
 PROJECTS

the pipeline, along with the West African

Blue Mountain Launches Open Season for Gathering Systems Oil Pipeline Company. Nearly two-thirds,
Blue Mountain Midstream’s Wildcat sub- just under 808 miles (1,300 km), will run
sidiaries launched an open season for new within Niger, the remainder in Benin.
crude oil and water gathering systems and The first phase of construction requires an
services in central Oklahoma. investment of $4 billion between 2019 and
The initial crude oil gathering facilities 2021, according to AP. The total through
will consist of 50 miles of pipeline, primar- completion is expected to be $7 billion, the
ily contained within the dedicated area of government said.
nine contiguous Townships in Canadian and Oil accounts for 4% of GDP in Niger.
Source: Blue Mountain Midstream Grady Counties to be placed into service in By 2022, it’s expected to represent 24%,
phases starting in the fourth quarter of 2019. according to the government.
The initial water gathering facilities will include 100 miles of water pipeline span-
ning seven counties, with produced water directed to treatment facilities for reuse or to US Court Vacates Dominion
Wildcat- and third-party-owned disposal wells. Atlantic Coast Pipeline Permit
Blue Mountain, a subsidiary of Houston-based Riviera Resources, said it has initi- A permit allowing Dominion Energy to
ated construction of new crude oil and produced water gathering infrastructure serving build the Atlantic Coast natural gas pipeline
Roan Resources. from West Virginia to North Carolina has
The company said it also has executed connection agreements with Navigator been vacated by an appeals court.
SMS Pipeline that will allow Wildcat Oil Gathering to deliver gathered crude oil to Dominion suspended construction of the
Navigator’s Glass Mountain Pipeline via Navigator’s Tuttle and Union City Stations, long-delayed project in early December
which also are under construction. after the 4th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals
in Richmond, Va., stayed the Fish and
Wildlife Service’s permit.
Scarborough Pipeline Awaits Moscow prepares to phase out gas transit The court found the Fish and Wildlife
Final Investment Decision to Europe via Ukraine. Service “fast-tracked” its decision to reis-
Netherlands-based Royal Boskalis In 2006 and 2009, Russia temporarily sue an incidental take statement in 2018,
Westminster has been awarded a contract halted its gas transit via Ukraine, alleging concerning areas inhabited by threatened
valued at $162 million (145 million euros) that Kiev was “siphoning” gas meant for or endangered species. The decision came
for seabed intervention and shore-crossing Europe. Ukraine denied any wrongdoing. 19 days after federal energy regulators
activities for the proposed Scarborough Since then, state-controlled Gazprom has resumed formal consultation with the agen-
export gas pipeline in northwestern Australia. sought to bypass the country. cy following the court’s decision to stay a
The contract is subject to a final invest- Four sources familiar with Moscow’s version of the permit from 2017, 4th Circuit
ment decision, which is expected in 2020, position told Reuters that Russia wants to Chief Judge Roger Gregory said in the
and the seabed intervention and shore cross- strike a short-term deal with Kiev on gas court’s opinion.
ing works are scheduled to start in March transit to Europe in order to buy time to “In fast-tracking its decisions, the agency
2021 with an expected completion mid-2022. complete pipelines that will bypass Ukraine. appears to have lost sight of its man-
The contract covers pre-trenching of the Construction of the twin, 32-inch date under the (Endangered Species Act),”
nearshore pipeline route along a 31-mile TurkStream pipeline began in May 2017. Gregory said, adding the decisions in grant-
(50-km) section; offshore deep water exca- Each of the twin subsea pipelines, which cross ing the 2018 incidental take statement were
vation works; pre-lay and post-lay rock the Black Sea from Russia to Turkey, has an “arbitrary and capricious.”
installation for pipeline and fiber optic cable annual throughput capacity of 15.75 Bcm. When Dominion started work on the
crossings; the post-installation burial, and The first string is intended for Turkish 600-mile pipe in the spring of 2018, the
other protection works to ensure the stabil- consumers, while the second string was company said it would cost about $6.5 bil-
ity of the pipeline. built to deliver gas to Europe. lion and be completed in late 2019.
The Scarborough gas field is located 233
miles (375 km) offshore the Burrup Peninsula Niger Seeks to Step Up Oil Mexico Gas Pipeline at Center
in northwest Australia. The proposed export Production with Pipeline to Coast of Dispute Starts Operations
pipeline will transport natural gas between Niger began construction on a $7 billion A major natural gas pipeline between
the Scarborough Floating Production Unit oil pipeline that will reach the coast through Texas and the Mexican Gulf Coast port of
and the onshore processing plant. West African neighbor Benin. The 1,232-mile Tuxpan that was at the heart of a dispute
(1,982-km) pipeline is Niger’s most important between Mexico’s government and infra-
TurkStream 2nd String to Cross project since gaining independence. structure firms begins operations, the com-
Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungary Construction is already underway at a site panies behind it said.
The second leg of the TurkStream in Koulélé, located about 55 miles (90 km) Canada’s TC Energy and a Mexican unit
gas pipeline is planned to go through from Agadem in the Diffa region. of U.S. company Sempra Energy, IEnova,
Bulgaria, Serbia and Hungary, Russian China National Petroleum Corp., which said in a statement the $2.6 billion Marino
Energy Minister Alexander Novak said, as has operated in Niger since 2011, will build Sur pipeline was starting operations. The

12 | • November 2019
2 COLOR PATCH
 PROJECTS

The Cheyenne Connector Project is

Bulgaria Signs up Saudi-Led Group for TurkStream Extension
designed to be a 70-mile, large-diame-
ter interstate natural gas pipeline to move
natural gas from processing facilities in
Weld County, Colo., to the Rockies Express
Pipeline Cheyenne Hub (REX Cheyenne
Hub) near the Colorado/Wyoming border.
It has an expected initial design capac-
ity of 600 MMcf/d and potential room
for expansion. Affiliates of Anadarko
Petroleum Corporation and DCP
Midstream have signed precedent agree-
ments for a combined 600 MMcf/d on
Cheyenne Connector.
Using Cheyenne Connector, producers
Turkstream line 1 construction (photo: Gazprom) in the DJ Basin can access interconnected
pipelines and local distribution systems at
Bulgaria’s state gas company signed a $1.2 billion (1.1 billion euro) contract with Saudi-
led group Arkad to build a gas pipeline to carry mainly Russian natural gas. the REX Cheyenne Hub as well as intercon-
The Balkan country is rushing to build the 295-mile (474-km) pipeline linking its southern nected systems downstream of REX that
border with Turkey to its western border with Serbia to secure a link to the Russian-backed reach end-users in West markets, Midwest
TurkStream pipeline to Serbia, Hungary and Austria. markets such as Chicago and Detroit, the
Russia, which is building the TurkStream to bypass Ukraine to the south, said in July that Gulf Coast and Southeast.
its second leg, with an annual capacity of 15.75 Bcm will pass via Bulgaria to central Europe. In its most recent projection, Tallgrass
“This is the so-called Balkan Stream,” Bulgarian Prime Minister Boyko Borissov said estimated Cheyenne Connector will be in
at signing of the contract held by state gas group Bulgartransgaz. service in the first quarter of 2020.
“We will win from transit fees, this pipeline will remain Bulgarian once it is paid Leawood, Kansas-based Tallgrass is con-
off and mainly our neighbors from North Macedonia, Serbia and Hungary will have structing and, when complete, will own and
alternative gas.” operate Cheyenne Connector. It is jointly
Most of the pipes for the project had already been delivered to Bulgarian ports and developing the pipeline with Western Gas
Sofia wants to have the first 191 miles (308 km) of the pipeline ready by January, a time- Partners and DCP, who both hold an option to
table which many industry observers say will be extremely hard to achieve, Reuters said. invest in Cheyenne Connector at a later date.
Borissov said that the pipeline, along with a gas interconnector with Greece will keep
Bulgaria on the gas map and not be bypassed by all major routes in southeastern Europe. Kinder Morgan’s Gulf Coast
Express Pipeline Placed in Service
announcement was made three weeks after ties, wave breakers and single buoy mooring Kinder Morgan’s 2 Bcf/d Gulf Coast
the government said it had renegotiated systems would be built in Jask,” Oil Minister Express Pipeline (GCX) began full com-
some terms of the contract to build it. Bijan Zangeneh said through social media. mercial in-service ahead of schedule help-
Zangeneh added that two refineries as ing relieve natural gas takeaway constraints
Iran Building Oil Pipeline to well as petrochemical facilities were also and reduce flaring in the Permian Basin.
Terminal Outside Gulf planned in the region.
The pipeline, which is fully subscribed
Iran is building a $1.8 billion oil pipeline Industry sources told Reuters that
under long-term contracts, will deliver natu-
to its port of Jask outside the mouth of the Iranian crude exports had dropped in June
ral gas from the Waha area of the Permian
Gulf, the country’s oil minister said, as part to 300,000 barrels per day (bpd) or less
Basin in the West Texas to Aqua Dulce, near
of plans to protect its exports against poten- after Washington tightened sanctions on the
the Texas Gulf Coast.
tial problems in the region and to boost country’s oil exports in May. In April 2018
exports stood at more than 2.5 MMbpd. “We had over 3,000 contractors deployed
shipments of Caspian oil.
Iran has been planning since at least 2012 at times and more than six million contrac-
to set up the terminal on the Gulf of Oman, FERC Approves Tallgrass tor hours worked – all without a major safe-
just outside the Strait of Hormuz. Cheyenne Connector Pipeline ty incident during the construction phases
Tehran has threatened to block the vital The Federal Energy Regulatory of the project,” said Kinder Morgan Natural
Gulf oil shipping route during its standoff Commission (FERC) has given its final Gas Midstream President Sital Mody.
with the United States, after Washington last approval for the construction of Tallgrass Kinder Morgan Texas Pipeline, a subsid-
year withdrew from Iran’s 2015 nuclear deal Energy’s Cheyenne Connector pipeline, iary of KMI, owns a 34% interest in GCX
with world powers and re-imposed sanc- which will transport natural gas from and is the operator of the pipeline. Other
tions, including on Tehran’s vital oil exports. Colorado’s DJ Basin to Cheyenne, Wyo., equity holders include Altus Midstream,
“The project would transform the region for Midwest delivery via the company’s DCP Midstream and an affiliate of Targa
as various oil storage facilities, export jet- Rockies Express Pipeline. Resources.

14 | • November 2019
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Winter Is Coming, And the
Gas Storage Outlook Appears Secure
By Richard Nemec, Contributing Editor
s rhythm and blues singer Richard
“Dimples” Fields matter-of-factly
proclaimed in the 1980s, “If it
ain’t one thing, it’s another.”
For the natural gas storage industry, that
succinctly summarizes its last five years fol-
lowing the global oil and gas price declines.
While underground stored supplies have
carried the industry through some severe
regional cold snaps, controversy and ques-
tions about storage arose in late 2015 during
a four-month methane leak from a compro-
mised storage well at Southern California
Gas Co.’s Aliso Canyon facility at the
northern edge of Los Angeles. It was the
largest gas leak ever, according to the
Sempra Energy gas-only utility, the nation’s
largest gas distributor.
It took up to a billion dollars to cover
the costs, including the services of the
famous well firefighting firm, Houston-
based Boots and Coots Inc., and temporary
living accommodations for thousands of
nearby residents who had to abandon their
homes for most of the first half of 2016.
The 3,200-acre storage field in an aban-
doned oilfield, the state’s largest, has been
closed or operating on a restricted basis ever
since. Consequently, the 86 Bcf capacity
field, along with storage facilities gener-
ally have been subjected to tighter scrutiny.
Locally, residents and organizations have
advocated that state regulators permanently
close the Aliso Canyon facility.
In the midst of a national outlook for
strong storage supplies and reliability
16 | • November 2019
predictions for the coming winter, Aliso
Canyon is the local exception. For safety
concerns, regulators have imposed a ceiling
on its storage volumes at about one-third of
its working capacity.
And the winter supply-demand situa-
tion is further complicated by the fact that
SoCalGas has two major transmission
pipelines for out-of-state supplies that
have been out of service for several years
and are still being repaired in the fall of
2019.
One line operates at lower pressures due
to a rupture in 2017 of a nearby line. System
pipeline capacity has been knocked down
by more than 800 MMcf/d, and the gas-
only utility’s daily maximum send-out has
dropped from 4.5 Bcf/d to 3.56 Bcf/d.
For the industry, the stigma of the Aliso
incident, which turned out to be caused by
a preventable groundwater-induced micro-
bial corrosion in a seven-inch diameter stor-
age well casing, public ridicule has eased
with time, and newer positive examples
of underground gas storage have emerged
in places like along the Columbia River in
Oregon, northwest of Portland.
There, the local gas distribution opera-
tor, NW Natural, has partnered with the
local electric utility, Portland General
Electric, to expand the Mist storage facil-
ity to provide exclusive on-demand storage
service 24/7 for PGE’s nearby gas-fired
power generation plants.
“North Mist is an excellent example
of storage working collaboratively with
the power generation sector,” said Randy
Friedman, senior gas supply director for
NW Natural.
The $132 million project is dedicated to
PGE’s nearby gas-fired generation plants,
which are linked by a new 13-mile, 16-inch
diameter transmission pipeline between the
storage facility and power generation units.
The old storage field’s 16 Bcf of working
capacity is primarily dedicated to serving
core customers, while the added 2.5 Bcf of
capacity is dedicated to the electric utility
under a 30-year contract. After complet-
ing critical engineering, construction and
testing work in 2018, NW Natural senior
executives view Mist as having a valuable
location, enabling the utility to provide
“high value with long-term contracts,”
Officials at both NW Natural and PGE
talk positively about the added storage.
Friedman said it has operated as expected,
and the electric folks are “definitely using
it.” Engineers at PGE echoed the same
assessment, adding that the dedicated space
gives the electric utility “the flexibility to
continue adding renewable resources to
the system.” A growing buzzword in the
upcoming gas storage cycle seems to be
“flexibility.”
As Friedman mentions, most storage is
still operated by local utility distribution
companies, or similar companies needing
it for their operations’ balancing supply/
demand. In the past 10 years, storage hasn’t
been of much value to arbitragers, but in
the Pacific Northwest, there was an event
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Natural gas storage tanks and oil tanks at an oil refinery.
that strained the system last winter when
an Enbridge Partners supply transmission
pipeline ruptured in British Columbia.
“It restricted supplies all through the
winter and reminded even that group [arbi-
tragers] that storage can be extremely valu-
able,” Friedman noted.
These sorts of positive-negative storage
scenarios can be found in other areas of
the country as U.S. natural gas produc-
tion keeps growing with an eye on global
developments that impact both demand and
supplies, and eventually the need for more
or less storage.
Seasonal Forecasts
As the coming gas storage season was
nearing in late September, the U.S. Energy
Information Administration’s (EIA) monthly
national energy review showed consumption
and production flat or increased, while coal,
nuclear, and renewables were decreasing.
Overall energy consumption was down
1%, while production was up 8%. At the
same time major gas industry stakehold-
ers were meeting in Washington, D.C., to
review the final new underground stor-
age regulations from the Department of
Transportation’s Pipeline and Hazardous
Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA).
Earlier projections from EIA on 2019-
2020 gas storage were bullish, placing over-
all storage levels above the five-year average
and headed for more than 3 Tcf of stored
supplies before the snow starts flying.
By the end of October, EIA was project-
ing storage totals to be above 3.7 Tcf, put-
18 | • November 2019
ting the total 16% higher than the same time
the previous year, and slightly above the
U.S. five-year average.
Storage totals in mid-summer were only
2.7 Tcf, but that was 13% higher than the
previous year, while lagging 4% below the
five-year (2014-18) average. Last August,
EIA analysts said, “storage injections will
outpace the previous five-year average and
inventories will rise to more than 3.7 Tcf.”
Supply/demand was the equivalent of
an opaque stew in which the individual
ingredients were not clearly differentiated
or understood. It looks edible, but how long
will it remain an integrated whole?
In late September, EIA calculations showed
overall U.S. energy consumption was down
about 1% for the first six months of 2019
compared to the same period the previous year
measured by Btu, but during the same period
natural gas consumption was up 3%, petroleum
was flat and everything else was down, includ-
ing coal consumption at 11% lower.
Over the same six months, overall energy
production was up 8%, led by petroleum up
15% and dry natural gas up by 12%, Coal
production, nuclear and renewables were
down 1%-3%.
So, what does this bode for storage?
Following EIA’s outlook for natural gas
next year, storage could benefit from rising
prices, production and a dry gas comeback.
Henry Hub spot prices averaged $2.37/
MMBtu in late summer, according to EIA,
which lowered its forecast for the second
half of 2019 to $2.36/MMBtu.
With prospects for “subdued” hub prices
and accelerated injection rates in storage
coming out of summer, Standard & Poor’s
(S&P) Global’s Insight was betting “under-
ground storage sites [were] likely to con-
tinue to fill at an average or above-average
pace – at least, until rising temperatures and
exports draw down on the supply glut” that
pooled during the summer.
S&P points to “regional dynamics” as
influencing storage, which is certainly true
in the Southeast where the Gulf Coast is
busy dealing with the increase in liquefied
natural gas (LNG) exports and pipeline
exports into Mexico.
And “regional” impacts can be found
elsewhere, such as the Northeast, accord-
ing to S&P: “Since the beginning of 2019’s
injection season, Northeast storage facili-
ties have posted substantial weekly inven-
tory builds, largely erasing running inven-
tory deficits relative to historical averages.
The trend has been aided both by strong
regional production and weak seasonal
demand and comes in spite of dismal sea-
sonal spreads – the differential that tradi-
tionally provides the price signal to inject
now and withdraw later.”
Proponents of storage going into win-
ter had to put aside the general analytical
observation that was bearish all summer in
2019. Incidents and injection volumes were
causing analysts to stress in the middle of
summer when rising volumes continued.
EIA reports again added to group con-
sternation over a 65 Bcf weekly injection
figure in mid-summer when a host of smart
analytical organizations had predicted totals
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between 50 Bcf and 57 Bcf.
Concerns were heightened in late July
when there was a fatal explosion on the
Texas Eastern Transmission (Tetco) pipeline
system in Kentucky, causing Tetco to cut
the gas flows on its north-to-south 30-inch
pipeline south of Danville, Ky.
At this time period, EIA reported: the
20 | • November 2019
Midwest injected 27 Bcf week/week, while
the East injected 22 Bcf. Further west, the
Mountain region refilled 5 Bcf, while the
Pacific recorded a 1 Bcf withdrawal. In the
South Central, a 16 Bcf weekly injection
into non-salt stocks was partially offset by a
3 Bcf withdrawal from salt.
At that time overall U.S. gas storage was
14.5% higher than it had been at the same
time in 2018, although then it still lagged
the five-year average storage levels by
4.5%, which subsequently was more than
made up.
Storage Outlook
“Natural gas storage is an incredible energy
source compared to electric storage in batter-
ies; gas far exceeds in capacity what batteries
can store,” said Mike Adamo, a gas storage
engineer and senior program manager at the
Gas Technology Institute (GTI). “Storage is
something that is going to be used far into
the future, so I don’t see a lot changing with
it. There are not a lot of technology changes
coming, but storage will continue to play an
important role for a long time.”
Adamo sees storage as “essential” for
pipeline operations. He sees the anti-fossil
fuel drive across the West as ignoring the
common understanding from a few years
ago that gas was the “bridge fuel” to a zero
or low-carbon environment. He notes that
the longer-term movement to more of a
hydrogen economy would depend on the
gas storage and pipeline infrastructure.
NW Natural’s Friedman agrees with Adamo,
noting that despite shrinking commodity prices
and narrowing of price bases, an offsetting
trend is “the increasing need for energy storage
assets to balance renewables growth on the
electric grid.” He thinks that “until batteries
take a quantum leap forward in cost/efficiency,
gas-fired generation is the likely balancing tool,
meaning increased use of gas storage.” It offers
the long-sought “flexibility” to respond quickly
to renewables fluctuations, he said.
The American Gas Association (AGA) in
late summer measured the pulse on overall
winter preparedness among 105 of its mem-
bers, which include most of the major local
gas utility suppliers and storage operators.
More than 95% of the members indicated they
were relying on the use of underground gas
storage, according to Richard Meyer, AGA’s
managing director for energy analysis.
“Overall, we see a strong picture for U.S.
gas supplies, of which storage is an impor-
tant and integral part,” Meyer said. “This
year the projections for storage have out-
paced the five-year average. What we see
for the outlook is largely relatively strong
inventories headed into the winter.”
Storage levels in mid-September were
15% higher than a year earlier, and the
projections have stuck with the prediction
that it will outpace the five-year average
going into this winter.
 “I think the renewables in the electric generation sector have
had an impact on gas storage,” Meyer said. “I don’t have any com-
prehensive national data, but when you look at examples like the
North Mist storage expansion project [NW Natural Corp.], it was
developed to give no-notice gas storage services to the local electric
utility [Portland General Electric Corp.].”
Specifically, the added storage was to support gas-fired genera-
tion that could further support the integration of more renewables
into the power mix. “There is an evolution ongoing with some of
these assets,” Meyer said. “Depending on the company and loca-
tion, the role of underground storage is very important in terms of
meeting peak day, peak month and even peak-hour loads.”
Two factors that the experts like Meyer say always make a differ-
ence are commodity prices and technology, if not in storage directly,
in the upstream and downstream sectors. Lower commodity prices
do matter, Meyer and others in the industry agree, but for LDCs and
regulators how storage is used is less of a concern.
“If you’re a local distribution company and your primary con-
cern is to provide adequate supplies on a peak day, much of the
planning around those peak days is not going to be sensitive to
price considerations [compared to reliability issues],” Meyer said.
In thinking about the technology sector that has transformed
production and transportation a great deal, Friedman observed the
power-to-gas (P2G) and renewable natural gas (RNG) technologies
“have the potential to change the discussion around fossil fuels
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[with climate change advocates] and the integration of the U.S.
natural gas system with the electric grid.”
While acknowledging that GTI currently is not engaged in a lot
of projects tied to gas storage, since Aliso Canyon, the gas research
organization has been involved with several industry players look-
ing at the risks inherent in storage and how they are best dealt with.
“We’ve developed methodologies for looking at risk and comply-
ing with national industry standards [American Petroleum Institute
#1-171], so operators can better understand their storage assets,” said
GTI’s Adamo.
Adamo thinks North America still contains potential new gas
storage sites although he hesitates to name the potential locations.
Generally, he thinks depleted hydrocarbon wells will continue to be
prime sources for storage.
“Aquifers and salt dome caverns are always in demand for fast-
in/fast-out storage,” he contends. “Companies traditionally have
used the salt caverns, but I’m not sure of where the sites are that
may have the potential to grow.”
The AGA survey indicated that a small number, only 6%, of the LDC
respondents were either expanding or building new storage. Nearly a
quarter of the LDCs are considering propane-air or peak-shaving facili-
ties as opposed to more underground storage.
Richard Nemec is P&GJ’s regular contributor based in Los
Angeles. He can be reached at rnemec@ca.rr.com.
EU Storage Operators Brace for ‘Flexible’ Services Era
The European Union (EU) already has its own de-carbonization
effort to coincide with achieving emission reduction targets in the
Paris Agreement. It calls for near-complete de-carbonization of the
entire energy sector well before 2050, so the natural gas sector and
storage are carrying a big target on their backs.
Even with the EU’s growing dependence on gas supplies from
Russia, along with LNG shipments from the United States and
Middle East, the industry, and gas storage in particular, are chal-
lenged, according to EU observers such as Ilaria Conti, head of gas
programs at the Florence (Italy) School of Regulation.
As part of the wider EU energy transition, the value and percep-
tions of storage are changing from its traditional role providing
security of supplies, ensuring that homes will still be heated in
the midst of severe cold snaps like the one Ireland and the U.K.
experienced this past winter.
Gas storage operations increasingly are preparing for new mar-
kets backing up intermittent wind and solar supplies and providing
“flexibility” services in a revised energy world in which the gas
infrastructure systems and electric grid are more integrated.
Like the United States, the EU has abundant storage – more than 4
Tcf at latest count – but unlike the U.S. situation, operators are closing
storage facilities in the EU, which dropped its overall storage capacity
by 4% in recent years.
“Nowadays, with the declining gas prices, the value of storage
has fallen, and storage sites have even become a financial burden
in some cases, forcing some companies to close down unprofitable
sites,” Conti said during a European news media interview.
She emphasized the gas in the EU through its “liberalization”
program is much cheaper than it was a decade earlier, and that has
“considerably weakened” gas storage.
Centrica, owner of British Gas, has closed the U.K.’s largest gas stor-
age facility, Rough, off the Yorkshire coast, citing economic and safety

reasons. At the time, the Financial Times noted that the loss of Rough
removes an important supply source during winter months when demand
is highest, making the UK more reliant on imported gas via pipelines
from mainland Europe or LNG shipped in from places such as Qatar.
Industry analysts on the other side of the Pond have encouraged
and cheered the opening up of European gas markets, but it has
come with a cost to the storage operators. As EU politicians have
complained, the liberalization has not brought diversity of supplies as
the Europeans are now more than ever dependent on Russian gas. For
storage, low prices have added more fuel to the fire.
Price spreads between summer and winter on the Title Transfer
Facility (TTF) gas hub in the Netherlands are in the range of 2 euros on
average, compared to 10-12 euros as spreads 10 years ago. And at the
same time the cost of gas storage in the EU has remained unchanged at
the 5-6-euro level-per-MWh.
“This means there are now fewer incentives to replenish storage
sites in the summer when prices are low,” Conti said.
Spherical tanks are capable of containing greater volume.
According to Gas Infrastructure Europe (GIE), it was falling prices
that drove the most recent 4% drop in storage capacity available.
Jan Ingwersen, general manager of the European Network of
Transmission System Operators for Gas, indicated in an EU industry
publication that the future for gas storage is in more integration with
electricity grid operators. He called for a “radical departure” from the
traditional business model. Most integration now is more one-way in gas
turbines producing power, but the EU climate change-driven outlook is
eyeing more power-to-gas where facilities convert electricity into hydro-
gen that can be stored in the existing gas network.
Officials in the European Commission see power-to-gas installa-
tion becoming Europe’s energy system by enabling the storage of
excess wind and solar power that now goes to waste.
“What we see for the future is a combination of gas and electricity as
energy carriers, allowing a hybrid system approach,” Ingwersen said.
“This is also referred to sector coupling.” A joint network plan is now
being hammered out by Europe’s gas and electric operators. n
www.pgjonline.com
| 23
 ANNUAL500REPORT
SUMMARY
Not Many Surprises in Annual 500 Report
he list of companies leading the way in Pipeline & Gas
Journal’s 39th annual 500 report will certainly be familiar to
long-time midstream observers, with little shake-up in rank-
ings occurring between the 2018 and 2019 editions.
In fact, when it comes to number of customers among gas distribution
utilities only Public Service Electric Group (PSEG), based in New York
and New Jersey, moved into the Top 10 with 50,000 new customers,
totaling 1,850,000.
Southern California Gas (SoCalGas), the perennial leader, reported
5,995,540 customers, followed by last year’s number two and three,
AGL Resources (4,609,000) and Pacific Gas & Electric (4,496,000), in
the same order. CenterPoint (3,506,310) and National Grid (3,439,344)
swapped the next two spots.
The leading gas transmission pipelines, compiled in the order of total
miles operated, showed a similar story – The Top 4 companies remained
DCP Midstream (64,300 miles), Northern Natural Gas (14,794),
Tennessee Gas Pipeline (11,776) and El Paso Natural Gas (10,198),
while Columbia Gas Transmission (9,752) jumped several spots to fifth.
A slightly larger shuffling took place among liquids pipeline com-
panies when reported in order of total barrels delivered. Plains Pipeline
(1,620,524 barrels) remained in the Number 1 spot with an almost
24 | • November 2019
Pipeline & Gas Journal staff report
300,000-barrel increase over the previous year.
Enterprise Crude Pipeline (1,443,310) moved up two spots to second,
with Marathon (1,018,699), increasing deliveries by nearly 250,000
barrels over the previous year, third. Enbridge Energy (1,010,727) and
Colonial Pipeline (959,670) rounding out the Top 5.
How the Data Is Compiled
Each year, Pipeline & Gas Journal’s 500 Report features the
industry’s most comprehensive listing of U.S. energy pipeline sys-
tems. As with past years, it ranks the nation’s gas distribution, gas
transmission and liquids pipelines companies.
Gas distribution companies are listed by number of customers.
Gas transmission companies are listed by miles of pipe, and liquids
pipelines are in order of total crude oil and products delivered.
Additional statistical data for the report are based on operat-
ing revenues, gas sold, total throughput of natural gas, product
deliveries, and miles of mains and service lines. About 90% of
the data is based on information from the calendar year 2018,
completed through direct company contacts and statistics collected
from FERC. Other data is taken from individual companies’ data as
reported to P&GJ, annual reports and P&GJ research.
 Liquids Pipelines Liquids Pipelines
In Crude Oil Deliveries In Operating Revenues
2018 Crude Oil 2018 Operating
Name of Co. Deliveries (000) Bbl Name of Co. Revenues ($000)
1) Plains Pipeline 1,620,524 1) Enbridge Energy 1,972,115
2) Enterprise Crude Pipeline 1,443,310 2) Colonial Pipeline 1,340,104
3) Enbridge Energy 975,897 3) TransCanada Keystone 1,281,714
4) Marathon Pipe Line 672,735 4) Plains Pipeline 1,258,466
5) Sunoco Pipeline 469,295 5) CCPS Transportation 882,105
6) LOCAP 448,132 6) Enterprise Crude Pipeline 880,709
7) Zydeco Pipeline 400,787 7) Magellan Pipeline 862,574
8) Seaway Crude Pipeline 399,826 8) Sunoco Pipeline 841,942
9) Exxon/Mobil Pipeline 368,993 9) Enterprise TE Products 745,234
10) Mars Oil Pipeline 303,626 10) Lone Star NGL Pipeline 713,261

Liquids Pipelines Liquids Pipelines Transmission Pipelines

In Miles of Pipelines In Products Deliveries In Gas Throughput
2018 Miles 2018 Products 2018 Gas Throughput
Name of Co. of Piping Name of Co. Deliveries (000) Bbl Name of Co. Dth/y (000)
1) Magellan Pipeline 9,545 1) Colonial Pipeline 959,670 1) Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line 5,814,154
2) Mid-America Pipeline 7,923 2) Magellan Pipeline 528,317 2) Columbia Gas Transmission 5,427,110
3) Plains Pipeline 7,473 3) SFPP 428,977 3) Texas Eastern Transmission 4,688,276
4) Sunoco Pipeline 5,879 4) Sunoco Pipeline 363,303 4) Tennessee Gas Pipeline 4,317,470
5) Colonial Pipeline 5,587 5) Marathon Pipe Line 345,964 5) ANR Pipeline 3,120,688
6) Phillips 66 Carrier 4,896 6) Enterprise TE Products 323,771 6) Natural Gas Pipeline of America 2,280,809
7) Enterprise TE Products 4,769 7) Buckeye Pipe Line 312,394 7) Dominion Energy Transmission 2,174,696
8) Exxon/Mobil Pipeline 4,365 8) Exxon/Mobil Pipeline 310,814 8) Columbia Gulf Transmission 2,107,777
9) Enbridge Energy 4,192 9) Regency Liquids Pipeline 284,962 9) El Paso Natural Gas 2,065,674
10) BP Pipelines North America 3,892 10) Mid-America Pipeline 270,915 10) Gulf South Pipeline 2,000,784

Transmission Pipelines Transmission Pipelines Distribution Pipelines

In Operating Revenues In Miles Of Gas Pipelines In Miles of Piping
2018 Operating 2018 Miles 2018 Miles of
Name of Co. Revenues ($000) Name of Co. Of Piping Name of Co. Distribution Piping
1) Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line 2,025,955 1) Northern Natural Gas 14,794 1) CenterPoint Energy 120,188
2) Consumers Energy 1,908,271 2) Tennessee Gas Pipeline 11,776 2) Southern California Gas 99,065
3) Tennessee Gas Pipeline 1,591,352 3) El Paso Natural Gas 10,198 3) Atmos Energy 88,405
4) Kinder Morgan Texas Pipeline 1,543,805 4) Columbia Gas Transmission LLC 9,752 4) ONE Gas 83,000
5) Texas Eastern Transmission 1,543,700 5) Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line 9,542 5) WEC Energy Group 80,533
6) Columbia Gas Transmission 1,478,334 6) Natural Gas Pipeline of America 9,014 6) AGL Resources 75,200
7) Duke Energy Ohio 1,456,110 7) Texas Eastern Transmission LP 8,993 7) Black Hills Energy 73,900
8) Rockies Express Pipeline 967,193 8) ANR Pipeline 8,882 8) National Grid 64,944
9) Northern Natural Gas 900,713 9) Pacific Gas & Electric 7,320 9) Southwest Gas 53,000
10) Northern Indiana Public Service 861,003 10) Southern Natural Gas 6,821 10) Pacific Gas & Electric 49,500

Distribution Pipelines Distribution Pipelines P&GJ's 39th Annual

In Gas Sold In Operating Revenues

500
2018 Gas Sales, 2018 Operating
Name of Co. MMcf Name of Co. Revenues ($000)
1) Dominion Energy Ohio 556,000 1) National Grid 4,919,000
2) National Grid 410,000 2) Pacific Gas & Electric 4,047,000
3) UGI Utilities 400,000 3) Southern California Gas 3,962,000 REPORT:
4) Puget Sound Energy 336,600 4) CenterPoint Energy Operations 3,431,000
5) WEC Energy Group 320,553 5) WEC Energy Group 3,194,900 The Leading Gas
6) Southern California Gas 301,000 6) Atmos Energy 2,649,175 Distribution Utilities ..................28
7) Atmos Energy 275,146 7) AGL Resources 2,314,000 The Leading
8) Public Service Co. of Colorado 244,250 8) Consumers Energy 1,903,000 Transmission Pipelines ............34
9) Public Service Electric & Gas 228,682 9) Xcel Energy 1,739,000 The Leading
10) Black Hills Energy 225,722 10) EQT 1,594,997 Liquids Pipelines.......................37

26 | • November 2019
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 ANNUAL500REPORT
LEADING GAS DISTRIBUTION UTILITIES

2018 Financial
Number 2018 Operating Operating 2018 Miles Miles
2018 of Sales Revenues Income Additions To of of
Rank Name of Co. Customers MMcf $(000) $(000) Plant $(000) Mains Service

1 Southern California Gas Co. 5,995,540 297,000 3,962,000 591,000 1,538,000 50,863 48,202
2 AGL Resources 4,609,000 80,800 2,314,000 1,105,000 40,500 35,200
3 Pacific Gas & Electric Co. 4,496,500 195,990 4,047,000 6,400 43,100
4 CenterPoint Energy Operations 3,506,310 50,000 3,431,000 648,000 76,000 46,512
5 National Grid 3,439,344 410,000 4,919,000 688,000 35,560 29,384
6 Atmos Energy Corp. 3,094,600 275,146 2,649,175 424,158 69,579 18,826
7 ONE Gas Inc. 2,200,000 171,641 895,500 288,429 40,300 42,700
8 Southwest Gas Corp. 2,199,000 97,000 1,357,000 323,700 180,000 30,434 23,566
9 Xcel Energy 2,035,000 - 1,739,000 220,000 - 34,938 2,426
10 Public Service Electric & Gas 1,850,000 228,682 1,018,000 172,000 17,713
11 Consumers Energy Co. 1,830,000 225,000 1,903,000 225,789 365,000 28,480 1,666
12 Columbia Gas of Ohio Inc. 1,452,721 13,214 736,629 257,450 659,937 20,247 -
13 Public Service Co. of Colorado 1,400,000 244,250 995,000 120,000 24,855
14 DTE Energy Co. 1,300,000 112,000 1,400,000 245,000 19,500 2,000
15 Dominion Energy Ohio 1,202,978 556,172 818,000 210,500 22,000 11,424
16 Washington Gas Light Company 1,177,976 91,989 - (26,642) - 13,188 12,449
17 Consolidated Edison of New York 1,100,000 24,858 1,508,000 357,000 - 4,375 3,634
18 Black Hills Energy 1,042,400 225,722 486,200 65,795 27,900 46,000
19 Vectren Corp. 1,019,901 69,534 771,700 126,600 21,800 -
20 Piedmont Natural Gas Co. 1,013,000 - 1,059,000 225,400 22,800 20,534
21 Dominion Energy Questar (UT/WY/ID) 1,012,000 185,000 947,000 145,000 219,000 29,600
22 Ameren 900,000 185,000 952,000 21,839
23 San Diego Gas & Electric Co. 900,000 88,000 504,000 61,000 263,000 9,000 6,000
24 Northern Indiana Public Service Co. 832,545 90,977 750,567 73,745 352,529 17,576 16,684
25 Puget Sound Energy 800,000 336,600 856,673 12,208 13,000
26 MidAmerican Energy Company 759,000 126,272 754,000 67,392 12,861 10,201
27 NW Natural Gas Co. 737,874 65,000 706,143 64,529 141,566 14,370 -
28 Baltimore Gas & Electric Co. 700,000 624,000 550 - 13,360 1,300
29 Laclede Gas Co. 650,000 112,175 1,271,400 185,700 198,100 17,103 13,004
30 UGI Utilities Inc. 642,000 400,000 498,550 228,300 - 12,300 -
31 National Fuel Gas Distribution 628,875 70,125 1,592,688 14,688 6,145
32 Public Service Co. of North Carolina 578,000 50,432 523,484 65,776 255,185 11,670 -
33 New Mexico Gas Company 529,514 41 304,910 45,504 77,727 12,000 -
34 Philadelphia Gas Works 525,965 79,044 697,172 133,837 66,097 2,891 3,042
35 PECO Energy 524,000 70,970 495,267 127,554 155,440 6,875 6,320
36 New Jersey Natural Gas Co. 502,000 112,261 98,735 151,641 - 7,401 7,275
37 Columbia Gas Of Pennsylvania 433,187 37,951 406,842 152,696 538,788 7,698
38 Duke Energy Ohio 427,000 24,521 508,000 4,762 27,700 6,900
39 Semco Energy Company 421,822 37,500 275,767 36,355 32,674 6,064 144
40 Alliant Energy 415,000 49,800 446,600 53,200 - 9,280 6,570
41 TECO Peoples Gas System Inc. 392,000 196,550 476,448 72,100 153,095 13,000 7,400
42 South Jersey Gas Co. 391,092 5,722 480,880 102,120 163,035 6,551 5,981
43 Alagasco (Spire) 383,633 29,000 445,000 87,500 11,021 12,773
44 Intermountain Gas Company Inc. 359,013 34,745 232,830 23,095 37,888 6,832 5,985
45 Avista Corp. 354,790 32,400 288,434 139,000 6,990 90
46 CPS Energy 334,669 73,543 237,109 - 5,140
47 Louisville Gas & Electric Co. 325,600 31,130 304,574 24,736 53,000 4,290 1,689
48 Columbia Gas of Massachusetts 315,549 38,114 585,878 - 138,812 4,990 3,631
49 Memphis Light, Gas & Water 315,000 28,341 226,403 7,742 - 4,830
50 South Carolina Electric & Gas Co. 279,934 - 876,000 186,700 - 17,000
51 Citizens Gas & Coke Utility 275,538 30,206 259,141 47,215 18,777 4,110 4,408
Note: The 2018 figures used in the report reflect the last full year of data available.

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 ANNUAL500REPORT
LEADING GAS DISTRIBUTION UTILITIES

2018 Financial
Number 2018 Operating Operating 2018 Miles Miles
2018 of Sales Revenues Income Additions To of of
Rank Name of Co. Customers MMcf $(000) $(000) Plant $(000) Mains Service

52 WEC Energy Group 275,200 320,553 3,194,900 307,700 600,000 44,346 36,184
53 Montana-Dakota Utilities Co. 275,005 36,785 253,368 20,026 51,248 6,529 5,005
54 Eversource Gas - MA 275,000 28,174 486,603 45,897 3,250 2,989
55 EQT 272,656 - 1,594,997 289,027 - 3,733 739
56 Columbia Gas of Virginia, Inc. 269,812 22,985 203,334 62,203 181,793 5,353 -
57 New York State Electric & Gas 245,600 - 215,993 - 4,434 3,219
58 Metropolitan Utility District 229,365 29,497 203,680 22,310 41,097 2,832
59 Eversource Gas - CT 226,050 56,837 478,511 68,939 3,310 2,059
60 Mountaineer Gas Co. 226,000 - 304,590 4,900 -
61 M.U.D. of Omaha 222,894 32,031 195,980 19,875 31,781 2,895 3,093
62 Colorado Springs Utilities 205,030 22,577 183,489 - 16,702 2,580 2,847
63 Southern Connecticut Gas Co. 200,000 23,414 421,911 17,800 7,876 2,421 -
64 Entergy Corporation (ENOI & EGSI) 200,000 14,600 156,436 - - 3,368 2,146
65 NorthWestern Energy LLC 196,700 27,800 268,600 29,211 2,100 5,187
66 NV Energy 180,000 14,760 97,000 25 1,787 1,483
67 Madison Gas & Electric Co. 161,000 28,270 157,767 17,900 30,497 2,900 2,385
68 Long Beach Gas and Oil 148,075 8,869 91,786 47,507 14,239 917 1,022
69 Columbia Gas of Kentucky 136,313 11,184 91,740 29,126 77,699 2,651 -
70 Orange and Rockland Utilities 133,480 - 249 39 710 1,886 -
71 CoServ Gas Ltd. 121,958 10,527 80,800 3,987 28,631 2,031 1,140
72 Dominion Energy West Virginia 113,454 35,216 99,390 16,564 38,251 3,196
73 Richmond Public Utilities 111,550 12,075 135,236 11,562 1,146 -
74 Knoxville Utilities Board 102,199 12,997 99,076 13,345 27,196 2,444 1,820
75 Duke Energy Kentucky 95,591 8,371 62,387 13,000 1,394 1,160
76 Mobile Gas Service 88,965 4,600 87,883 9,518 18,181 2,258 2,110
77 Springfield City Utilities 83,640 14,897 90,519 8,313 10,211 1,323 1,323
78 Central Hudson Gas & Electric 81,141 10,153 143,428 27,058 50,099 1,287 897
79 Florida Public Utilities Co. 73,000 4,168 1,697 806
80 York County Natural Gas Authority 68,000 7,008 55,000 4,100 1,717 -
81 Middle Tennessee Utility 62,762 8,029 62,031 6,935 5,588 4,084 2,156
82 Peoples TWP LLC 60,269 21,335 80,832 5,578 9,789 2,709 -
83 Roanoke Gas Co. 59,988 7,191 65,535 11,593 20,750 1,141 1,160
84 Mesa, City of 59,357 3,100 39,171 5 1,476 651
85 Corpus Christi Gas Department 54,500 3,766 21,284 (3,664) 9,528 1,355
86 Liberty Utilities (New England Gas) 53,584 4,056 59,687 2,960 606 401
87 Huntsville Utilities Gas System 53,558 4,659 48,149 36,421 6,885 1,374 -
88 Vermont Gas Systems, Inc. 52,000 6,144 106,052 7,918 24,298 749 37,211
89 Ohio Gas Co. 50,171 - 19,821 (49) 3,500 1,152 1,053
90 Lawrenceville, City of 46,706 3,723 36,982 6,541 - 1,334 883
91 Cheyenne Light, Fuel and Power 44,200 5,034 37,263 6,886 - 44 1,269
92 Ft. Hill Natural Gas Authority 43,514 5,781 51,434 10,912 9,260 1,894 1,497
93 Pensacola Energy 43,013 3,899 4,400 - - 1,613 10
94 Okaloosa County Gas District 42,301 2,798 129 971 817
95 Midwest Energy Inc. 42,289 5,122 46,026 3,538 1,885 3,030 195
96 Berkshire Gas Co. 40,393 6,174 9,863 - 764 -
97 Northern Indiana Fuel & Light Co. 40,391 4,450 46,503 406 1,102 968 -
98 Las Cruces Gas System, City of 40,341 3,094 22,500 455 1,000 700
99 Zia Natural Gas Co. 40,136 1,736 26,088 2,302 1,687 492
100 Buford, City of 40,000 878
101 Jackson Energy Authority 36,078 3,373 38,044 5,015 830 572

Note: The 2018 figures used in the report reflect the last full year of data available.

30 | • November 2019
 ANNUAL500REPORT
LEADING GAS DISTRIBUTION UTILITIES

2018 Financial
Number 2018 Operating Operating 2018 Miles Miles
2018 of Sales Revenues Income Additions To of of
Rank Name of Co. Customers MMcf $(000) $(000) Plant $(000) Mains Service

102 Gainesville Regional Utilities 34,505 5,868 15,486 3,000 - 774 -

103 Columbia Gas of Maryland 33,476 4,031 32,862 10,656 46,822 663 -
104 Southeast Alabama Gas District 30,000 12,040 41,528 2,846 - 622 1,637
105 Marshall County Gas District 29,000 12,000 67,319 1,670 - 622 1,637
106 Tallahassee Municipal Gas System 27,745 2,696 - 860 535
107 Jo-Carroll Energy Inc. 26,500 - 304
108 Duluth Dept. of Water & Gas 25,871 5,604 39,104 6,293 - 553 -
109 Clarksville Water & Gas Division 25,053 3,616 22,570 (1,600) - 985 -
110 Lancaster County Natural Gas 24,946 2,018 19,762 - 2,640 867 655
111 Palo Alto Utilities 23,664 - 37,044 9,521 - 210 205
112 Hamilton Municipal Utilities 23,414 32,528 22,943 - - 275 133
113 Greenville Utilities Commission 23,379 3,447 33,642 1,104 734 624 446
114 Village of Verona 23,137 2,288 - - - 5,256 -
115 Greer Public Works, Commission of 23,078 3,351 26,663 47 776
116 Great Plains Natural Gas Co. 23,066 5,260 - - - 495 360
117 Trussville Utilities Board 22,532 1,658 - - - 523 434
118 Clearwater Gas System 22,194 2,336 42,000 10,000 950 400
119 Charlottesville Public Works 22,086 22,447 145 - 331 288
120 Alexandria Gas Dept. 20,141 1,652 9,153 - - 553 136
121 North Alabama Gas 19,584 1,334 - - 791 388
122 Lake Apopka Natural Gas Dist. 19,401 1,615 1,481 - 883 -
123 Willmut Gas & Oil Co. 18,118 2,379 16,162 571 3,070 740 471
124 Greenwood Public Works 17,829 3,375 750
125 Citizens Gas Fuel Co. 17,500 3,000 - - - 464 310
126 Rocky Mount, City of 16,948 3,664 27,407 - - 526 307
127 Greater Dickson Gas Authority 16,289 3,353 23,514 1,817 2,201 821 728
128 Fitchburg Gas & Electric Light 15,918 - - - - 314 171
129 Florence Gas Dept. 15,308 13,961 14,097 100 1,350 559 420
130 Elk River Public Utility Dist. 15,058 2,800 23,118 - - 747 -
131 Danville Utilities 15,000 3,424 20,652 3,184 2,964 359 231
132 Powell-Clinch Utility District 14,969 1,655 20,901 1,541 1,575 621 -
133 Corning Natural Gas 14,889 1,803 24,903 1,100 425 157
134 Terrebonne Parish Utilties 14,687 1,350 9,711 (1,095) 1,300 429 80
135 Midwest Natural Gas 14,351 2,971 14,258 776 1,659 620 367
136 Cedar Falls Utilities 14,285 1,920 11,190 154 794 220 156
137 Olive Branch, City of 14,089 1,624 - - - 426
138 Albany Water, Gas & Light Commission 14,000 - 15,765 1,125 - 395 458
139 Wilson, City of 13,770 14,320 18,463 3,456 1,037 401 224
140 Decatur Utilities Gas Dept. 13,561 6,207 14,198 (352) 1,163 421 377
141 Northeast Oklahoma Gas Authority 13,301 - - - - 565 202
142 Northwest Alabama Gas Dist. 13,281 2,483 17,665 332 - 1,188 1,360
143 Grey Forest Utilities 13,200 1,130 9,449 4,376 - 364 165
144 West Tennessee Public Utility 12,787 3,016 18,606 848 650 809 472
145 Clinton-Newberry Gas Authority 12,697 - 17,390 - - 742 256
146 Sevier County Utility Dist. 12,607 1,851 20,575 2,064 647 333
147 Gallatin Dept. of Public Utilities 12,301 2,550 16,327 2,844 - 385 -
148 Oak Ridge Utility District 12,129 1,321 17,778 3,629 911 436 420
149 Superior Water, Light & Power Co. 12,000 - - - - 263 167
150 Cullman-Jefferson Gas Dept. 12,000 22,077 - - 835 -
151 Fremont Dept. of Utilities 11,678 1,920 12,554 456 - - 203

Note: The 2018 figures used in the report reflect the last full year of data available.
www.pgjonline.com
| 31
 ANNUAL500REPORT
LEADING GAS DISTRIBUTION UTILITIES

2018 Financial
Number 2018 Operating Operating 2018 Miles Miles
2018 of Sales Revenues Income Additions To of of
Rank Name of Co. Customers MMcf $(000) $(000) Plant $(000) Mains Service

152 Owatonna Public Utilities 11,000 1,950 15,727 1,231 468 194 -
153 Smyrna Natural Gas System 10,975 2,722 - - - 283 80
154 Monroe, City of 10,952 3,229 - - - 464 266
155 Leesburg, City of 10,850 182 6,173 1,734 - 243 -
156 Cartersville Gas Dept. 10,782 3,353 - - - 340 202
157 Hastings Utilities 10,766 3,207 1,803 (718) - 185 179
158 Sugar Hill, City of 10,689 729 - - - 177 -
159 Lexington Natural Gas Dept. 10,644 1,143 9,832 1,377 731
160 Holyoke Gas & Electric Dept. 10,600 2,400 22,500 2,450 185
161 Fairhope Gas Dept. 10,500 405 6,276 1,451 - 546 376
162 Austin Utilities 10,300 2,436 17,147 1,429 430 178 146
163 Citizens Gas Utility District 10,250 - 25,990 9,100 - 779 -
164 Watertown Municipal Utilities 10,115 1,192 8,426 297 400 242 206
165 Cookeville Gas Department 9,939 14,429 10,996 - 329 302
166 Rio Grande Nat. Gas Assoc. 9,892 288 11,847 - - 608 -
167 Gibson County Utility District 9,722 750 12,700 - - 584 -
168 Jointly Owned Nat. Gas 9,649 3,630 - 9 309 111
169 Shelby Utilities Gas Dept. 9,643 2,292 15,950 9,335 - 506 237
170 Sunrise Gas Dept. 9,564 529 7,599 - - 190 -
171 Henderson Municipal Gas 9,550 3,000 15,235 1,744 259 139
172 Westfield Gas & Electric Light 9,507 1,368 14,581 2,765 1,679 208 111
173 La Grange Gas Dept. 9,450 1,941 11,706 1,476 151 292 -
174 Presque Isle Electric & Gas Co-Op 9,405 7,170 7,292 471 472 593 -
175 Dyersburg Municipal Gas System 9,036 - - - - 215 150
176 Lexington Gas System 8,961 - 12,197 2,502 716
177 Fountain Inn Natural Gas 8,932 6,561 806 342
178 Walker Mun. Nat. Gas System 8,750 400 - - - 305 81
179 St. Croix Valley Natural Gas Co. 8,674 1,292 8,139 355 267 228 174
180 Elizabethtown, Kentucky, City of 8,500 1,975 6,898 200 155
181 Hawkins County Natural Gas District 8,429 - - - - 211 126
182 Orangeburg Public Utilities 8,205 1,842 8,859 1,162 1,635 323 143
183 Covington Natural Gas System 8,151 1,960 7,419 - - 214 72
184 Norwich Dept. of Public Utilities 8,148 15,602
185 Corinth Gas & Water Dept. 7,923 819 6,657 1,161 354
186 Athens Utilites Gas Dept. 7,873 801 - - - 446
187 Indiana Natural Gas Corp. 7,865 1,229 7,649 655 - 316 -
188 Fultondale Gas Dept., City of 7,800 400 - - - 207 -
189 Navajo Tribal Utility Authority 7,718 - - - - 527 -
190 Vicksburg Water & Gas Admin. 7,601 - 84,120 - - 173 151
191 Dalton Utilities 7,534 4,782 28,176 2,445 1,509 299 175
192 Chester County Natural Gas Authority 7,489 3,654 - - - 598 -
193 Lebanon Gas Department 7,419 1,417 13,025 267 85
194 Jefferson-Cocke Gas Utility 7,287 2,477 410
195 Pike Natural Gas Co. 7,200 - - - - 206 30
196 Laurens Commission of Public Works 7,174 800 8,608 - - 395 216
197 Community Natural Gas Co. 7,023 780 5,859 385 1,748 210 215
198 Fayetteville Public Utilities 6,885 750 6,094 747 - 142 32
199 Wakefield Municipal Light Dept. 6,700 615 9,830 1,000 89 57
200 Toccoa Natural Gas System 6,390 - - - - 492 165

Note: The 2018 figures used in the report reflect the last full year of data available.

32 | • November 2019
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 ANNUAL500REPORT
LEADING TRANSMISSION PIPELINES
2018 Gas 2018 Oper. 2018 Oper.
2018 Miles of Gas Pipeline Operated Throughput Revenues Income
Rank Name of Co. Total Miles Transmission Gathering Storage Dth/y (000) $(000) $(000)
1 DCP Midstream 64,300 5,812 58,488 0 6,370 7,667 222
2 Northern Natural Gas Co. 14,794 14,794 - 0 1,626,126 900,713 25,808
3 Tennessee Gas Pipeline Co. 11,776 11,776 - 0 4,317,470 1,591,352 622,754
4 El Paso Natural Gas Co. 10,198 10,198 - 0 2,065,674 723,701 328,523
5 Columbia Gas Transmission LLC 9,752 9,752 - 0 5,427,110 1,478,334 575,399
6 Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Corp. 9,542 9,542 - 0 5,814,154 2,025,955 680,482
7 Natural Gas Pipeline Co. of America 9,074 9,014 60 0 2,280,809 710,426 218,030
8 Texas Eastern Transmission LP 8,993 8,993 - 0 4,688,276 1,543,700 574,352
9 ANR Pipeline Co. 8,882 8,882 - 0 3,120,688 811,348 254,594
10 Gulf South Pipeline Co, LP 7,359 6,520 839 33 2,000,784 510,551 121,854
11 Pacific Gas & Electric Co. 6,920 7,320 400 37 982,699 2,082 1,511
12 Southern Natural Gas Co. 6,821 6,821 0 1,194,205 613,334 256,308
13 Panhandle Eastern Pipe Line Co. 6,338 6,338 - 0 942,332 358,483 113,906
14 Enable Gas Transmission LLC 5,891 5,891 - 0 1,304,361 457,043 96,756
15 Texas Gas Transmission LLC 5,744 5,744 0 1,278,988 467,523 182,058
16 Southern Star Central Gas Pipeline Inc. 5,628 5,628 - 0 492,109 269,409 82,739
17 Florida Gas Transmission Co. LLC5345 5,345 5,345 - 0 1,079,516 838,943 437,149
18 Tallgrass Interstate Gas 4,641 4,641 266,357 104,583 28,427
19 Colorado Interstate Gas Co. 4,182 4,182 - 0 1,218,368 337,536 108,555
20 Northwest Pipeline GP 3,845 3,845 - 0 894,656 443,618 131,174
21 Dominion Energy Transmission 3,567 3,567 - 461 2,174,696 817,986 222,562
22 Columbia Gulf Transmission Co. 3,488 3,488 - 0 2,107,777 221,253 49,008
23 Williston Basin Interstate Pipeline Co. 3,450 3,450 141 317,236 102,570 27,146
24 Kinder Morgan Texas Pipeline L.L.C. 2,810 2,810 - 0 1,077,861 1,543,805 24,669
25 Transwestern Pipeline Co., LLC 2,614 2,614 - 0 523,763 249,669 244,372
26 ONEOK Gas Transportation L.L.C. 2,497 2,497 - 0 346,371 70,367 18,542
27 Trunkline Gas Co., LLC 2,219 2,221 2 27 717,010 165,141 65,235
28 National Fuel Gas Supply Corp. 2,137 1,514 623 431 625,188 227,121 76,688
29 Great Lakes Gas Transmission LP 2,115 2,115 - 0 704,871 245,646 145,594
30 Dominion Energy Questar Pipeline 1,888 1,888 - 52 492,964 169,671 61,328
31 Kern River Gas Transmission Co. 1,718 1,718 - 0 837,755 312,817 155,406
32 Rockies Express Pipeline LLC 1,712 1,712 - 0 1,686,959 967,193 497,853
33 Northern Indiana Public Service Co. 1,689 1,653 36 0 413,322 861,003 63,399
34 Consumers Energy Co. 1,686 1,686 - 0 355,521 1,908,271 225,789
35 Enable Mississippi 1,600 1,600 346,129 90,641 14,542
36 East Tennessee Natural Gas Co. 1,526 1,526 - 0 340,976 183,316 84,682
37 Dominion Energy Carolina Gas Transmission 1,499 1,499 - 0 162,456 93,217 37,971
38 Northern Border Pipeline Co. 1,411 1,411 - 0 289,418 150,508 103,284
39 Gas Transmission Northwest Corp. 1,338 1,338 - 0 992,592 231,507 143,576
40 Kinetica Energy Express 1,232 1,164 68 0 103,527 45,894 11,863
41 Algonquin Gas Transmission Co. 1,131 1,131 - 0 924,241 522,905 213,586
42 KPC Pipeline LLC 1,026 1,000 26 11,314 9,585 1,477
43 PostRock KPC Pipelines 1,026 1,000 26 0 8,036 11,094 3,655
44 Equitrans, LP 928 928 - 0 1,100,538 403,417 241,097
45 Alliance Pipeline L.P. 922 922 - 0 738,554 293,250 136,810
46 Paiute Pipeline Co. 898 898 - 0 38,767 41,319 9,850
47 West Texas Gas Inc. 855 855 0 54,574 117,536 22,445
48 Wyoming Interstate Co. 849 849 - 0 828,646 127,611 52,440
49 Sea Robin Pipeline Co. 784 784 0 61,941 25,331 (5,214)
50 Cimarron River Pipeline LLC 771 771 - 0 76,663 28,360 (708)
51 Gulfstream Natural Gas System, LLC 745 745 - 0 471,614 281,696 166,036
52 Rover Pipeline, LLC 719 719 1,165,780 539,329 342,225
Note: The 2018 figures used in the report reflect the last full year of data available.

34 | • November 2019
 ANNUAL500REPORT
LEADING TRANSMISSION PIPELINES
2018 Gas 2018 Oper. 2018 Oper.
2018 Miles of Gas Pipeline Operated Throughput Revenues Income
Rank Name of Co. Total Miles Transmission Gathering Storage Dth/y (000) $(000) $(000)

53 Ruby Pipeline 683 683 226,617 331,053 159,291

54 Viking Gas Transmission Co. 673 673 - 0 125,948 36,419 9,849
55 MidContinent Express Pipeline 513 513 - 0 507,792 212,095 79,131
56 Eastern Shore Natural Gas Company 485 485 - 0 52,563 64,882 21,562
57 Mojave Pipeline Co. 468 468 - 0 155,362 15,905 4,835
58 Trailblazer Pipeline Co. 465 465 - 0 336,074 36,042 11,496
59 Iroquois Gas Transmission System LP 416 416 - 0 912,970 193,780 108,536
60 Cheyenne Plains Gas Pipeline Co. LLC 413 413 - 0 134,738 46,317 10,034
61 Midwestern Gas Transmission Co. 404 404 - 0 303,084 45,203 16,843
62 Gulf Crossing Pipeline LLC 375 375 - 0 903,446 232,841 75,526
63 Stingray Pipeline Company, L.L.C. 370 370 - 0 6,531 7,591 (8,160)
64 0zark Gas Transmission LLC 367 367 - 0 23,366 12,308 3,624
65 High Point Gas Transmission LLC 344 344 33,869 8,411 -2,561
66 Maritimes & Northeast Pipeline LLC 343 343 - 82,622 166,222 75,646
67 Vector Pipeline L.P. 334 334 - 0 596,950 94,978 44,616
68 TransColorado Gas Transmisson Co. 312 312 - 0 70,028 11,449 (14,680)
69 TWP Pipeline 305 240 65 0 42,312 27,356 13,953
70 Bison Pipeline LLC 302 302 141 80,048 31,484
71 Portland Natural Gas Transmission System 296 296 - 0 101,007 73,605 13,105
72 American Midstream (Ala-Tenn) LLC 295 295 - 0 32,139 8,250 (1,309)
73 Southeast Supply Header LLC 287 287 - 0 394,110 111,886 50,970
74 Destin Pipeline Co. L.L.C. 273 273 - 0 279,627 56,412 9,027
75 Empire Pipeline Inc. 269 269 - 0 234,400 80,813 32,487
56 Mogas Pipeline LLC 263 263 0 18,103 16,290 4,616
77 Guardian Pipeline, LLC 263 263 - 0 109,366 72,162 34,269
78 Dominion Overthrust Pipeline Company 261 261 - 0 494,853 69,870 34,156
79 Discovery Gas Transmission L.L.C. 260 206 54 0 174,449 17,732 -8,238
80 WTG Hugoton L.P. 246 152 94 0 33,031 7,663 (294)
81 MIGC Inc. 239 239 0 18,815 6,911 392
82 Western Gas Interstate Company 236 236 - 0 4,834 1,875 395
83 TC Offshore 232 232 276,561 27,856 (858)
84 Chandeleur PipeLine Company 215 215 - 0 2,738 2,738 106
85 Crossroads Pipeline Co. 202 202 - 0 35,958 2,659 156
86 ETC Tiger Pipeline Co. LLC 197 197 559,963 224,739 264,710
87 Mid Continent Market Center 194 194 23,977 7,149 706
88 Elba Express Company LLC 191 191 151,136 140,676 82,507
89 Fayetteville Express Pipeline LLC 185 185 357,101 167,577 92,385
90 San Diego Gas & Electric 168 168 - 0 113,021 504,128 61,483
91 Millennium Pipeline Company LLC 162 262 - 0 1,168,994 209,959 116,286
92 Dominion Energy Cove Point LNG. LP 137 137 - 0 527,982 596,162 273,044
93 Kinder Morgan Louisiana Pipeline LLC 137 137 - 0 27,793 3,240 (26,368)
94 Sabine Pipe Line LLC 132 132 148,482 225 (1,786)
95 Venice Gathering System LLC. 125 125 - 0 4,608 2,974 (1,881)
96 Dauphin Island Gathering Partners 119 119 - 0 13,862 2,207 (5,181)
97 OKTex Pipeline Co. LLC 118 118 - 0 76,403 3,738 1,513
98 Southwest Gas Storage 104 - 104 43,253 43,793 17,298
99 Nautilus Pipeline Co., L.L.C. 100 100 - 0 137,150 9,116 1,433
100 Questar Southern Trails Pipeline Co. 96 96 - 0 83 42 1,730
101 Cheniere Creole Trail Pipeline 94 94 - 0 439,945 81,691 35,591
102 KO Transmission Company 92 92 - 0 51,659 8,146 2,190
103 North Baja Pipeline, LLC 86 86 - 0 141,375 42,870 27,954

Note: The 2018 figures used in the report reflect the last full year of data available.
www.pgjonline.com
| 35
 ANNUAL500REPORT
LEADING TRANSMISSION PIPELINES

2018 Gas 2018 Oper. 2018 Oper.

2018 Miles of Gas Pipeline Operated Throughput Revenues Income
Rank Name of Co. Total Miles Transmission Gathering Storage Dth/y (000) $(000) $(000)
104 Granite State Gas Transmission Co. 86 86 - 0 17,818 6,717 2,234
105 Big Sandy Pipeline LLC 69 69 17,621 38,484 16,897
106 High Island Offshore System, L.L.C. 66 66 - 0 12,159 13,493 (10,453)
107 Lower Valley Energy 65 65 769 8,280 1,314
108 Sierrita Gas Pipeline LLC 61 61 35,013 34,737 12,341
109 Golden Pass Pipeline LLC 59 59 191,410 92,854 191,410
110 Petal Gas Storage LLC 59 59 - 0 212,968 57,207 16,410
111 Midwest Energy Inc. 59 59 - 0 12,271 1,743 197,054
112 Centra Pipelines of Minnesota Inc. 58 58 - 0 4,725 1,100 64
113 American Midstream (Mid-LA) LLC 52 52 - 0 2,066 2,690 (4,517)
114 MarkWest Pioneer LLC 50 50 - 0 171,036 17,396 9,475
115 Garden Banks Gas Pipeline, LLC 50 50 - 0 46,180 4,215 1,358
116 Mississippi Canyon Gas Pipeline Co. 44 44 - 0 121,188 11,630 7,069
117 Trans-Union Interstate Pipeline, L.P 42 42 90,843 8,787 2,218
118 Central New York Oil and Gas Co. LLC 39 39 248,962 63,386 17,896
119 Hardy Storage Co. LLC 37 37 - 0 70,449 23,395 12,914
120 UGI Sunbury, LLC 34 34 30,002 31,048 28,256
121 Hampshire Gas Co. 32 32 - 1,314 6,905 1,689
122 Central Kentucky Transmission 30 30 - 0 2,127 173 50
123 Kinder Morgan (Ilinois) Pipeline 28 28 - 0 23,661 1,843 (403)
124 Horizon Pipeline Co. LLC 28 28 - 0 25,419 12,700 4,822
125 Point Arguello Natural Gas Pipeline Co. 27 27 - 0 680 1,011 402

A LEGACY O F

COMPETENCE
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clients. Chris is a Certified Welding Inspector, and the very definition of a lifelong learner. Expanding
his expertise with classes and practice throughout his career, his work with different techniques and
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and complex pipe fitting jobs. Chris has worked throughout the U.S. on new construction, maintenance,
integrity, stations and relocations, and on all diameters of pipe from 2" to 42". The depth and breadth
of his experience has made Chris a leader at Midwestern Contractors, and an invaluable
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and gas industry, is deeply attentive to detail and safety, and is often specifically
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Visit us at midwesterncontractors.com to learn more about our outstanding

job safety record, thanks to the efforts of team members like Chris Daluga.

COMMITTED TO EXCEPTIONAL CUSTOMER SERVICE

MIDWESTERNCONTRACTORS.COM | 630 668 3420

36 | • November 2019
 ANNUAL500REPORT
LEADING LIQUIDS PIPELINES

Barrels Delivered Out of 2018 Financial Additions to Miles of Pipeline Owned/Operated

2018 System In 2018 (000) Operating Income Plant Gathering Crude Products
Rank Name of Co. Total Crude Oil Products Rev ($000) ($000) ($000) Lines Trunk Trunk Total
1 Plains Pipeline L.P. 1,620,524 1,620,524 - 1,258,466 660,702 852,914 2,048 5,425 - 7,473
2 Enterprise Crude Pipeline 1,443,310 1,443,310 - 880,709 569,978 399,248 - 3,371 - 3,371
3 Marathon Pipe Line LLC 1,018,699 672,735 345,964 636,778 295,140 100,752 - 1,182 1,799 2,981
4 Enbridge Energy Ltd. 1,010,727 975,897 - 1,972,115 831,341 534,338 4,192 - 4,192
5 Colonial Pipeline Co. 959,670 - 959,670 1,340,104 584,788 135,872 - - 5,587 5,587
6 Sunoco Pipeline 832,598 469,295 363,303 841,942 552,522 1,532,224 594 2,846 2,439 5,879
7 Exxon/Mobil Pipeline Co. 679,807 368,993 310,814 277,239 (44,502) 49,450 136 1,648 2,581 4,365
8 Magellan Pipeline Company 551,806 23,489 528,317 862,574 345,906 126,246 - 256 9,289 9,545
9 Phillips 66 Carrier LLC 511,471 255,818 255,653 420,129 175,211 36,233 498 1,626 3,134 4,896
10 LOCAP LLC 448,132 448,132 - 52,664 33,482 15,816 - 57 - 57
11 SFPP, L.P. 433,954 - 428,977 302,329 82,057 28,574 - - 2,465 2,465
12 Seaway Crude Pipeline 399,826 399,826 - 707,849 522,201 33,657 - - - -
13 Enterprise TE Products 323,771 - 323,771 745,234 414,419 126,911 - - 4,769 4,769
14 Zydeco Pipeline Co. LLC 312,645 312,645 - 247,091 114,295 43,543 - 440 - 440
15 Buckeye Pipe Line Co. LP 312,394 - 312,394 342,448 342,448 423 - - 2,750 2,750
16 Mars Oil Pipeline Co. 303,626 303,626 - 242,829 156,610 809 - 163 - 163
17 Regency Liquids Pipeline 284,962 - 284,962 7,782 ` 173 - - 92 92
18 NuStar Logistics L.P. 276,267 163,224 113,043 272,879 163,789 43,504 - 1,029 2,787 3,816
19 Mid-America Pipeline 270,915 - 270,915 602,292 373,650 17,074 - - 7,923 7,923
20 BP Pipelines North America 258,156 146,058 112,098 188,551 37,102 8,975 - 1,702 2,190 3,892
21 Explorer Pipeline 236,750 - 236,750 425,953 233,775 21,499 - - 1,873 1,873
22 Plantation Pipe Line Co. 221,406 - 221,406 290,958 121,210 11,414 - - 3,134 3,134
23 Lone Star NGL Pipeline 216,150 - 216,150 713,261 589,270 109,844 - - 1,216 1,216
24 TransCanada Keystone 214,701 214,701 - 1,281,714 764,231 306,815 - 1,923 - 1,923
25 ONEOK NGL Pipeline 212,875 - 212,875 253,412 3,221 15,865 - - 2,681 2,681
26 Citgo Pipeline Co. 200,382 192,958 7,424 79,862 68,483 4,085 - 64 - 64
27 Centurion Pipeline L.P. 197,753 197,753 - 278,029 114,635 39,886 1,030 1,793 - 2,823
28 Bengal Pipeline Co. 197,223 - 197,223 68,834 41,883 5,708 - - 158 158
29 Phillips 66 Sweeny-Freeport 189,289 - 189,289 104,768 64,858 5,413 - - 252 252
30 Alyeska Pipeline Service Co. 185,583 185,583 - - - - - 800 - 800
31 Marketlink LLC 184,162 184,162 - 422,923 91,469 32,448 - - - -
32 Phillips 66 Pipeline LLC 152,704 95,872 56,832 178,905 9,955 52,513 157 918 1,464 2,539
33 Minnesota Pipe Line 149,568 149,568 - 195,207 112,341 2,395 - 975 - 975
34 Shell Pipeline Company 148,995 73,054 75,941 49,808 3,391 37,501 - 304 24 328
35 Enbridge Pipelines (FSP) 147,325 147,325 - 569,133 122,511 14,206 - 594 - 594
36 West Shore Pipeline 145,742 33,432 112,310 74,666 44,268 17,724 - - 609 609
37 West Texas Gulf Pipe Line 145,640 145,640 - 99,271 45,864 33,103 - 582 - 582
38 Wolverine Pipe Line Co. 141,597 - 141,597 124,804 66,011 5,370 - - 701 701
39 Hardin Street Holdings 141,029 141,029 - 19,186 (7,210) 1,051 - 733 - 733
40 Mid-Valley Pipeline Co. 136,809 136,809 - 90,725 41,414 5,914 - 1,102 - 1,102
41 Tallgrass Pony Express 123,143 123,143 - 436,446 258,514 35,281 - 834 - 834
42 Valero Partners Lucas LLC 123,088 123,088 - 31,155 23,437 374 - 18 - 18
43 Valero Partners PAPS LLC 114,374 - 114,374 28,440 16,996 3,328 20 20
44 Mobil Pipe Line Co. 110,640 100,324 10,316 12,137 (217,089) 3,421 33 103 - 136
45 Olympic Pipe Line Co. 109,780 - 109,780 78,251 26,271 5,484 - - 414 414
46 Arrowhead Gulf Coast Pipeline 104,388 104,388 48,081 26,630 3,329 231 231
47 Seminole Pipeline Co. 103,193 - 103,193 182,503 68,783 116,029 - - 1,248 1,248
48 Medallion Pipeline Co. LLC 100,473 100,473 - 137,026 74,898 134,829 - 885 - 885
49 Hiland Crude LLC 99,804 99,804 - 255,860 128,302 69,212 1,571 512 - 2,083
50 North Dakota Pipeline 99,181 99,181 - 167,277 69,851 14,994 - 594 - 594
51 Chevron Pipe Line Co. 87,591 87,591 88,035 (58,793) 23,388 28 587 615
52 Sorrento Pipeline 86,071 - 86,071 51,627 20,421 1,433 - - 716 716

| 37
Note: The 2018 figures used in the report reflect the last full year of data available.
www.pgjonline.com
 ANNUAL500REPORT
LEADING LIQUIDS PIPELINES

Barrels Delivered Out of 2018 Financial Additions to Miles of Pipeline Owned/Operated

2018 System In 2018 (000) Operating Income Plant Gathering Crude Products
Rank Name of Co. Total Crude Oil Products Rev ($000) ($000) ($000) Lines Trunk Trunk Total
53 ConocoPhillips Alaska 85,644 85,644 - 465,031 190,118 18,516 - 819 - 819
54 Holly Energy Partners 85,104 20,096 65,008 109,662 66,936 4,261 763 237 1,561 2,561
55 Phillips Texas Pipeline 84,775 64,273 20,502 74,937 33,399 209,466 729 840 514 2,083
56 Valero MKS Logistics LLC 84,516 63,229 21,287 14,747 9,446 1,986 - 52 20 72
57 Kuparuk Transportation 79,831 79,831 - 16,582 596 263 - 37 - 37
58 Buckeye Pipe Line 77,229 - 77,229 83,721 32,992 9,460 1,327 1,327
59 Platte Pipe Line 73,715 73,715 - 128,197 64,311 55,475 3 933 - 936
60 NuStar Pipeline 73,297 - 73,297 170,662 80,940 8,493 - - 2,590 2,590
61 Ohio River Pipe Line LLC 72,011 - 72,011 89,468 57,482 9,181 - 531 531
62 Texas Express Pipeline LLC 71,833 - 71,833 237,348 187,309 43,047 - - 592 592
63 Inland Corporation 68,136 - 68,136 40,313 16,696 5,573 - - 352 352
64 West Texas LPG Pipeline 67,490 - 67,490 102,130 40,032 150,355 - - 2,807 2,807
65 Wood River Pipe Lines 66,522 180 65,372 50,004 22,061 7,769 - - 1,481 1,481
66 Belle Fourche Pipeline Co. 66,038 64,957 1,081 114,486 29,096 11,857 2,111 887 80 3,068
67 BP Pipeline (Alaska) Inc. 65,747 65,747 - 196,939 (259,379) 61,043 - 800 - 800
68 ONEOK Arbuckle North 63,526 - 63,526 223,963 (2,750) (3,070) - - 57 57
69 Overland Pass Pipeline LLC 62,196 - 62,196 130,093 119,682 2,219 - - 1,041 1,041
70 Bridger Pipeline LLC 62,049 62,049 - 205,174 120,544 38,366 1,398 493 - 1,891
71 SouthTex 66 Pipeline 59,732 - 59,732 87,437 47,806 8,041 - - 758 758
72 Premcor Pipeline 59,547 - 59,547 1,645 196 294 - - 54 54
73 CCPS Transportation LLC 58,175 58,175 - 882,105 48,420 10,630 - 581 - 581
74 Tesoro High Plains Pipeline 57,778 57,778 - 134,062 55,463 39,985 366 645 - 1,111
75 Genesis Pipeline USA 56,267 36,118 20,149 31,364 13,852 1,444 131 254 - 385
76 Trans Mountain (Puget) 55,492 55,492 - 22,466 12,318 206 - -
77 ONEOK North System LLC 54,798 - 54,798 124,280 58,262 15,446 - - 1,588 1,588
78 Alpha Crude Connector LLC 54,179 54,179 - 44,819 6,194 41,883 521 521
79 Osage Pipe Line Co. 54,079 54,079 - 14,051 5,343 56 - 135 - 135
80 Chicap Pipe Line Co. 51,880 51,880 - 27,494 16,827 1,046 - 234 - 234
81 ONEOK Bakken Pipeline LLC 51,041 - 51,041 198,582 120,051 35,637 - - 868 868
82 EnLink NGL Pipeline 50,841 - 50,841 161,657 134,429 5,216 308 - - 308
83 DCP Southern Hills Pipeline 49,974 - 49,974 166,693 105,231 5,181 912 912
84 Rocky Mountain Pipeline 48,336 48,336 - 32,320 15,145 31 456 - 487
85 Kinder Morgan Wink 47,830 47,830 - 47,158 26,272 1,269 16 423 - 439
86 Chaparral Pipeline 47,136 - 47,136 102,319 67,526 2,640 - - 906 906
87 Front Range Pipeline LLC 46,758 - 46,758 102,785 70,246 27,982 - - 449 449
88 Enbridge (Southern Lights) 46,702 46,702 - 188,044 90,409 2,679 - 817 - 817
89 Tesoro Logistics Northwest 43,936 10,309 33,834 64,391 6,580 156,273 14 - 562 576
90 Dixie Pipeline Co. 43,681 - 43,681 75,311 11,587 14,012 - - 1,306 1,306
91 White Cliffs Pipeline LLC 43,508 43,508 - 170,732 123,596 12,452 - 1,052 - 1,052
92 Western Refining Pipeline 42,032 42,032 - 90,085 35,055 733,831 - 686 - 686
93 Jayhawk Pipeline, LLC 41,858 41,858 - 40,019 6,474 3,502 - 702 - 702
94 Calnev Pipe Line LLC 40,989 - 40,989 66,364 31,074 1,604 - - 558 558
95 Enbridge Pipelines (Toledo) 40,918 40,918 - 47,198 11,093 2,581 - 148 148
96 MarkWest Liberty Ethane 40,869 40,869 - 97,476 81,044 - 101 - 101
97 Ship Shoal Pipeline Co. 40,062 40,062 - 21,089 4,078 2,588 - 121 - 121
98 Yellowstone Pipe Line Co. 38,066 - 38,066 34,922 11,430 8,480 - - 689 689
99 Butte Pipe Line Co. 37,047 37,047 - 44,696 21,275 87 - 373 - 373
100 Mustang Pipe Line LLC 36,704 36,704 - 42,946 6,924 1,058 212 - 212
101 Kinder Morgan Cochin LLC 34,763 - 34,763 134,721 79,076 1,020 - - 1,177 1,177
102 Enterprise Lou-Tex NGL 33,230 - 33,230 53,209 38,362 515 - - 206 206
103 Valero Partners Wynnewood LLC 32,091 14,299 17,792 21,413 13,911 579 - 140 30 170
104 IMTT Pipelines 30,790 - 30,790 2,881 (924) 660 - - 10 10
Note: The 2018 figures used in the report reflect the last full year of data available.

38 | • November 2019
 ANNUAL500REPORT
LEADING LIQUIDS PIPELINES

Barrels Delivered Out of 2018 Financial Additions to Miles of Pipeline Owned/Operated

2018 System In 2018 (000) Operating Income Plant Gathering Crude Products
Rank Name of Co. Total Crude Oil Products Rev ($000) ($000) ($000) Lines Trunk Trunk Total
105 Valero Terminaling 30,672 27,733 2,939 7,899 788 11,128 - 1 54 55
106 NuStar Crude Oil Pipeline 30,495 30,495 - 54,757 7,202 17,092 113
107 Parkway Pipeline LLC 30,015 - 30,015 26,188 8,443 28 142 142
108 SLC Pipeline LLC 29,758 29,758 - 22,256 8,093 991 - 94 - 94
109 Paline Pipeline Co., LLC 29,475 29,475 - 14,603 2,674 33 - 186 - 186
110 Black Lake Pipeline 29,074 - 29,074 18,911 10,120 372 - - 313 313
111 Citgo Products Pipeline 28,506 28,506 27,176 17,109 (2,509) - - 108 108
112 Coffeeville Resources 27,501 27,501 - 15,753 - - - - - -
113 El Dorado Pipeline Co. LLC 27,258 22,079 2,356 12,123 5,067 357 - 28 28
114 Navigator BSG Trans. 27,236 2,402 24,834 17,858 2,688 144,096 154 154
115 Collins Pipeline Co. 26,592 - 26,592 8,138 2,041 342 - - 124 124
116 Delaware Pipeline 24,772 - 24,772 12,707 9,660 1,110 - - 23 23
117 Suncor Energy USA Pipeline 23,006 23,006 - 35,043 7,373 16,213 - 346 - 346
118 MOEM Pipeline 22,896 22,896 - 9,222 2,572 - 56 - 56
119 Pioneer Pipe Line Co. 22,825 22,825 - 37,911 26,129 5,742 - - 561 561
120 SALA Gathering Systems 22,739 6,049 16,690 17,148 4,125 2,433 - 331 331
121 Buckeye Linden Pipe Line 22,564 - 22,564 6,091 (2,291) - - - -
122 Alpine Transportation 22,205 22,205 - 16,119 (457) 409 - 35 - 35
123 PMI Services North America 22,168 - 22,168 13,332 2,006 3,533 - - 66 66
124 DCP Sand Hills 19,813 - 19,813 59,665 6,972 727 727
125 Magnolia Pipeline 18,963 18,963 - 13,416 7,846 77 - - 77
126 Bakken Pipeline Co. L.P. 18,934 18,934 - 29,367 16,010 1,619 - 64 - 64
127 Cypress Interstate Pipeline 18,646 - 18,646 14,482 10,715 208 - - 104 104
128 Kinder Morgan Oper. "A" 18,644 - 18,644 14,110 9,657 284 - - 104 104
129 Tri-States NGL Pipeline, LLC 18,586 - 18,586 49,030 34,123 239 - - 168 168
130 Pelican Gathering Systems 17,244 17,244 - 34,928 24,067 5,211 70 15 85
131 Cenex Pipeline LLC 14,814 - 14,814 23,536 2,329 42,077 - - 684 684
132 Red River Crude Pipeline 14,735 14,735 - 30,206 4,362 3,247
133 Baton Rouge Pipeline LLC 14,666 - 14,666 2,844 1,516 - - 30 30
134 Williams Ohio Valley 13,945 - 13,945 25,224 11,945 20 - - 50 50
135 Bakkenlink Pipeline 13,726 13,726 - 21,404 8,101 - 97 - 97
136 Wilprise Pipeline Co. 13,664 - 13,664 5,798 4,224 5 - 30 30
137 Vantage Pipeline US L.P. 11,900 - 11,900 19,214 11,621 146 47 80 - 127
138 Red Butte Pipe Line 11,394 11,394 - 30,033 (2,372) 5,603 14 480 - 494
139 Skelly-Belvieu Pipeline 11,059 - 11,059 32,995 21,065 431 - - 572 572
140 NORCO Pipe Line Co. 10,749 - 10,749 12,391 1,177 42,822 ` 2 252 254
141 Muskegon Pipeline LLC 10,609 - 10,609 8,417 1,698 201 - - 170 170
142 Enable Bakken Crude 10,538 10,538 - 26,774 8,167 6,694 181 181
143 Shamrock Pipeline Corp. 8,664 8,664 - 7,144 3,026 16 135 - -
144 UNEV Pipeline 8,388 - 8,388 38,328 16,643 6,137 - - 427 427
145 Blue Racer Pipelines 7,938 - 7,938 7,823 (2,979) 6,448 - - 73 73
146 Milne Point Pipeline LLC 7,612 7,612 - 9,134 (45) - 11 - 11
147 DCP Wattenburg Pipeline 7,605 - 7,605 15,146 7,344 8,789 88 - 410 498
148 Powder River Crude 7,526 7,526 - 5,785 (915) 32 60 92
149 Plains LPG Services LP 7,127 - 7,127 1,892 (2,017) 785 - - 93 93
150 Frontier Pipeline 7,114 7,114 1,382 919 - - 3 3
151 WestTex 66 Pipeline 6,826 - 6,826 10,172 1,531 199,496 - - 634 634
152 Mobil Pacific Pipeline Co. 6,617 1,693 4,924 1,619 (2,737) 53 17 - 9 26
153 Victoria Express Pipeline 5,719 5,719 - 17,395 10,883 234 - 56 - 56
154 Mobil Eugene Island 5,172 5,172 - 13,797 10,479 - - 157 - 157
155 Heartland Pipeline 5,061 - 5,061 6,170 1,582 17 - - 49 49

Note: The 2018 figures used in the report reflect the last full year of data available.

www.pgjonline.com
| 39
 ANNUAL500REPORT
LEADING LIQUIDS PIPELINES

Barrels Delivered Out of 2018 Financial Additions to Miles of Pipeline Owned/Operated

2018 System In 2018 (000) Operating Income Plant Gathering Crude Products
Rank Name of Co. Total Crude Oil Products Rev ($000) ($000) ($000) Lines Trunk Trunk Total

156 Spire NGL 4,934 - 4,934 1,564 728 21 - - 40 40

157 GNB NGL Pipeline LLC 4,927 - 4,927 3,562 1,491 - - 33 33
158 QEPM Gathering I LLC 4,684 - 4,684 7,704 4,831 16,787 17 - - 17
159 Endicott Pipeline 4,621 4,621 - 7,691 (2,478) 30 43 - 43
160 Arrowhead Offshore 4,391 4,391 - 3,946 388 11,613 - 27 - 27
161 Portland Pipe Line 4,267 4,267 - 629 (3,816) 52 - 166 - 166
162 Northstar Pipeline Co. 3,802 3,802 - 9,430 (527) 50 - 17 - 17
163 PennTex Operating 3,787 3,787 6,464 4,240 904 - 40 40
164 BP Oil Pipeline Company 3,781 3,781 - 2,456 3,200 103 - 955 - 955
165 Conoco Offshore Pipe Line 3,758 3,758 - 2,973 2,661 - - 183 - 183
166 MarkWest Michigan 3,522 3,522 - 4,837 (1,450) - 86 156 - 242
167 American Midsteam Bakken LLC 3,304 3,304 - 4,878 (1,996) 1,189 43 43
168 Independence Trading 3,219 3,219 - 969 713 17 27 2 - 27
169 Ohio Oil Gathering Co. 3,107 3,107 - 15,729 (1,032) 8,348 137 - - 137
170 GEL Offshore Pipeline 2,988 2,988 - 3,566 1,110 7 184 71 - 255
171 Sanders Pipeline Co. 2,983 - 2,983 3,188 29 - - - 9 9
172 Keystone Pipeline Co. LLC 2,969 - 2,969 4,820 405 - - - - -
173 Chisholm Pipeline Co. 2,911 - 2,911 1,488 533 168 - - 185 185
174 Arrowhead LA Gathering 2,803 - 2,803 9,229 4,264 1,498 916 - - 25
175 Ohio River Valley Pipeline 2,738 2,738 - 3,124 (717) 1,291 197 - - 197

Note: The 2018 figures used in the report reflect the last full year of data available.

40 | • November 2019

Alberta Carbon Trunk Line
About to Come on Line
By Michael Reed, Editor
he Alberta Carbon Trunk Line
(ACTL) project in Alberta,
Canada, is a massive undertaking.
It consists of a 150-mile (240-km)
pipeline, which will gather 14.6 mtpa of
CO2 when in reaches full capacity.
To gain perspective on the size of this
project, this number represents about 20%
of all current oil sand emissions and would
have the same effect as taking every car in
Alberta off the road.
At full capacity, the ACTL project will be
the largest carbon capture, transportation,
utilization and storage (CCUS) project in
the world that only uses CO2 originating
from human activity.
“We’re kind of on the home stretch in a
sense,” said Wolf Midstream’s Cullen Colville,
manager, Project Engineering. “Right now,
we’re expecting the pipe that we need to be in
the ground by the end of October.”
The system consists of three segments of
pipeline: about 2 miles of 24-inch pipe, 8
miles of 12-inch pipe and a larger segment
of 140 miles of 16-inch pipe. The company
expects to be operating in early November.
Initiated by Enhance Energy, the ACTL
project will source its CO2 from a fertilizer
manufacturing plant in Redwater and the
North West Redwater Partnership bitumen
refinery using gasification. It will initially
funnel the collected CO2 to Clive, a field
that was discovered in the 1950s and cur-
rently produces about 300 bpd.
In order to deliver a project of this nature,
Wolf Midstream opted to use pipe that exceed-
ed specifications.
“It’s all pretty specialized material in
CO2 PIPELINES
terms of the wall thickness, the grade of the
steel and the toughness of the steel itself,”
Colville said. “All were specified uniquely
in consideration of this being dense-phase
carbon dioxide service.”
The carbon capture and storage (CCS)
technology works on the principle that CO2
has value, despite being a greenhouse gas.
Some emitters of CO2 sell it for industrial
purposes, for example.
“We take that CO2 from both of those
facilities and compress it prior to putting
it in the pipeline into a supercritical state
that CO2 transports,” said Jeff Pearson,
president of Wolf Midstream’s Carbon
Business Unit.
Located at the south end of the pipeline is
an oil and gas company that injects the CO2
into the ground at an old oil reservoir that
www.pgjonline.com
| 41
CO2 PIPELINES
was largely depleted. The CO2 mixes with
the remaining oil, which causes swelling
and reduces the viscosity in the reservoir,
resulting in greater oil production.
“It gets permanently stored below
ground, which is another great social com-
ponent here,” said Pearson, “The CO2 that
would otherwise be hitting the atmosphere
is stored permanently underground inside
the reservoir rock structure.”
While construction of the project took
place in largely rural areas, averting the kind
of challenges brought on by dense popula-
tion and traffic concerns, the ACTL project
found its biggest foe to be the weather.
“This has been a very difficult year to
construct with the amount of precipita-
tion we’ve had. It has been completely
abnormal and above average,” Colville
said. “And, of course, when you have a
linear disturbance that’s covering several
hundred kilometers, good weather is the
name of the game.”
In addition to the heavy precipitation in
the spring and fall, February brought record
low temperatures to the province, causing
frozen ground and the need to “demonstrate
a little bit of agility,” he added.
A Little Extra
As part of the construction process,
Enhance instituted a crack propagation
study in an effort to determine the appropri-
ate specifications for the pipe. The process
involved taking samples of pipe to a labora-
Energy-Related CO2 Emissions
to Increase Through 2050
By U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
he U.S. Energy Information
Administration projects global car-
bon dioxide (CO2) emissions from
energy-related sources will continue
to grow in the coming decades.
However, future growth in energy-related
CO2 emissions is not evenly distributed
across the world: Relatively developed
economies collectively are expected to
show no emissions growth, meaning all of
the future growth in energy-related CO2
42 | • November 2019
tory and “encouraging” it to rupture while
in dense-phase CO2 service.
The resulting crack propagation and
mechanics assessment led to a unique spec-
ification for the pipe, not only with the
grade and the wall thickness which provides
greater flexibility, but also in the amount of
energy the pipe is able to absorb.
“Basically, I suppose, when you boil it
all down, we have designed and constructed
one gigantic cracker arrester,” Colville said.
Permitting Process
While Wolf Midstream said the fact
that the Alberta Carbon Trunk Line was
designed to be the first large-scale carbon
capture project in the province and didn’t
pose any special permitting issues, the pro-
cess was anything but simple.
“In Western Canada, there are challenges
that come up when you’re beginning to
engage with stakeholders on any large proj-
ects,” Pearson said.
The company’s predecessor and the
original proponent of the ACTL was
Enhance Energy, which is still involved
at the south end of the project with the
enhanced oil recovery.
According to Pearson, Enhance Energy
went through that process, along with an
extensive stakeholder consultation.
“It really is a function of time and being
accommodating and listening to the con-
cerns of all different groups in the area,”
he said. “That process took several years.”
emissions is among the group of coun-
tries outside the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD).
EIA’s “International Energy Outlook
2019” projects that global energy-related
CO2 emissions will grow 0.6% per year
from 2018 to 2050 in its reference case.
Countries outside of the OECD collectively
have more population, a larger gross domestic
product, more energy consumption, and high-
er energy-related CO2 emissions compared
Plans for the ACTL got underway in
2004 but ended up being placed on hold in
the wake of the 2008 financial recession. It
was restarted in April 2011 after receiving
a license for construction and operation
but experienced a couple of delays in its
production schedule. Construction began in
October 2018.
Pearson said the routing of the pipeline
was a direct result of community involve-
ment and addressing concerns about envi-
ronmental impacts.
Almost all of the construction work on
the ACTL was done by contractors, as
Wolf Midstream does not employ a large
operating workforce within its carbon
business unit.
“This is our flagship asset, and we are in
the process now of building that operating
team,” Pearson said. “There were four pri-
mary contractors involved in the mainline
construction and contract resources in every
other aspect in the land operations.”
The company estimates that permanent
and temporary labor for the project gener-
ated 1,000 new positions through the con-
struction phase.
“Our goal, longer term, is to add more
supply, build laterals and grow the system
out,” Pearson said. “It was designed, on
purpose, to be much larger than the initial
volume, so it’s got a lot of excess capacity,
which is why it was built so large.”
with aggregated values from OECD countries.
In the outlook, growth rates for these data
series are also higher for non-OECD countries
than for OECD countries.
As non-OECD countries continue to grow,
so does their demand for air- condition-
ing, electronics, personal vehicles, and other
energy services. These countries also have
relatively energy-intensive industries, pri-
marily because energy-intensive industrial
processes often shift to non-OECD countries.
 CO2 PIPELINES

Energy consumption in non-OECD coun-

tries increases by 1.6% per year from 2018
to 2050, and energy-related CO2 emissions
increase by 1% per year.
EIA projects coal-related CO2 emissions
in non-OECD countries, especially China,
will grow at the slowest rate among fossil
fuels as natural gas replaces coal in power
generation and in industrial applications.
China emits the most energy-related
CO2 emissions in the world, and EIA
projects that it will remain in that posi-
tion through 2050. Although India’s coal-
related CO2 emissions increase 2.8%
annually from 2018 to 2050 – the high-
est among the eight countries in EIA’s
international outlook – China remains the
single largest emitter of coal-related CO2 by 2050, OECD countries will emit 8.2 metric However, according to the EIA non-OECD
emissions in the world. tons per person compared with 3.8 metric tons countries are expected to remain more carbon
per person in non-OECD countries. intensive than OECD countries through 2050,
Shape Global energy intensities and carbon meaning they generate more CO2 emissions
By comparison, OECD economies are intensities also continue to decline. By per unit of energy consumed. Differences in
relatively mature, so many energy ser- 2032, non-OECD countries are expected to energy and carbon intensities reflect the dif-
vices such as air conditioning, elec- become less energy intensive than OECD ferent mix of fuels used to provide energy in
tronics, and personal transportation are countries, meaning they use less energy to the two groups of countries.
fairly saturated. Population and economic generate economic activity.
growth is relatively low compared with
non-OECD countries, and technology
improvements largely offset increases in
energy demand in buildings and vehicles.
OECD economic activity continues to
become less energy intensive as these
economies shift from energy-intensive
manufacturing to less energy-intensive
manufacturing and commercial services.
EIA projects that energy-related CO2
emissions from OECD countries will
decrease slightly (-0.2%) from 2018 to 2050
in the IEO2019 Reference case. OECD
CO2 emissions from petroleum liquids and
SAY HELLO TO THE TOUGHEST,
coal consumption decline, but emissions SAFEST, AND MOST STABLE
from natural gas consumption increase.
EIA expects the United States to remain
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On a per capita basis, OECD countries emit
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www.pgjonline.com
| 43
Our World Is Moving –
And So Are The Pipelines
By Rhett Dotson, Pipeline Systems Consultant, and Andy Young, Geo-Hazards Engineer, ROSEN
train assessments and pipeline move-
ment assessments allow operators
to identify and mitigate threats pre-
sented by geohazards.
Landslides, seismic events, settlement,
and erosion are some of the many examples
of geotechnical hazards that can impact
buried pipelines. Geohazards often result
in significant external loads or loss of sup-
port, which bends the pipeline and shifts it
from its original position. Significant exter-
nal bending loads and the associated high
strains can pose an integrity threat to the
pipeline, as it may rupture or buckle.
For this reason, the monitoring of exter-
nal loads through strain assessments and
pipeline movement assessments is crucial
to the safe operation of a pipeline. Bending
strain assessments can identify areas where
the pipeline is deformed beyond allowable
code limits.
Pipeline movement assessments can use
repeat inertial measuring unit runs and
geo-spatial data to identify areas of active
Figure 1: A pipeline exposed in a rotational landslide.
Figure 2: Pipeline movement assessment using IMU inspection data.
44 | • November 2019
bending movement, making it possible to
calculate a rate of change in bending strain.
This article outlines how bending strain
assessments can be used to manage pipe-
lines affected by ground movement.
A 2017 validation case illustrates how
these assessments provided an operator with
the information needed to identify and miti-
gate a potentially serious loading problem.
The data for bending strain or pipeline
movement assessments is captured using
an inertial measurement unit (IMU). IMU
technologies are often paired with magnetic
flux leakage (MFL) or caliper technologies
on combo in-line inspection (ILI) tools.
While IMU is most often used to locate
the pipeline and provide GPS coordinates,
a true strength of this technology lies in
its ability to quantify bending strains and
pipeline movement.
The method works by detecting curvature
in the pipeline, which is simply the change
in angle of the pipe centerline with distance.
The curvature associated with formed bends
Dotson Young
is readily identified by its characteristic
profile. Any remaining curvature that is
measured is assumed to have been imposed
on the pipeline.
The majority of this curvature will result
from the construction and installation of the
pipeline, typically as the pipeline follows the
contours of the ground. However, the other
source of imposed curvature is from external
loading effects such as ground movement
and therefore is of great interest to operators
for integrity management programs.
Clearly it helps an operator to know that
active loading is taking place on a pipeline
in advance of the development of damage.
This enables decisions to be made on what
mitigation should be applied and when.
There are three levels of assessment that
can be applied to bending strain data:
The locations of bending strain above a
threshold level are reported and plotted.
The strain acceptability is assessed, and
the source of strain is evaluated for active
movement.
Locations of active movement are
assessed in detail to develop a monitoring
and mitigation plan.
If data is available from multiple tool runs,
then it is also possible to perform an evalua-
tion of pipeline movement within the Level
1 assessment. This provides more certainty
in the identification of active geohazards
causing pipelines to displace. Figure 2 shows
a plan view of a pipeline within a landslide.
The pipe centerline has clearly displaced
under the action of the ground movement
between the two inspections.
The Level 2 process to evaluate the
strain acceptability can take account of the
pipeline condition including the presence of
metal loss in the bending strain area detect-
ed by the MFL tool or geometric features
identified from a caliper inspection. The
severity of the strain or nature of the strain
source is linked to a prioritization process
and a set of recommended actions that are
appropriate to the situation.
Where active movement is identified, a
Level 3 assessment may be recommended. larly challenging because the bending strain as the construction of new roadways and
This involves structural calculations of the area was located below a business driveway earthworks.
ground movement effects on the pipeline that crossed an area of swamp land. Sometimes the effects can be felt many
to provide a full evaluation of the pipeline The location may partially explain the meters away from where the surface load-
structural integrity and predictions of the loading on the pipeline because swamp ing is located. In the example (Figure 3),
future condition with continued movement. land is formed from low strength soils and ground heave has developed on a pipeline
The analysis is integrated with IMU data these can displace under surface loads such right-of-way in very soft ground 49 feet
of the pipeline centerline geometry and
strain changes in order to develop a robust
representation of the actual mechanism at
site. The outcome provides a framework
for decisions to protect the pipeline from
further adverse loading.
Almost all operators request GPS coor-
dinates for their tool runs, however, many
operators do not take advantage of post-ILI
bending strain calculations. Fortunately, once
the data from an IMU is collected, it can be
used at a later time (even years after the initial
run) to perform a bending strain assessment.
This was the case in late 2017 with
an operator in the US who completed an
inspection in 2015 using a combo-ILI tool.
After experiencing a product release associ-
ated with settlement related issues, the oper-
ator decided to perform a bending strain
assessment on the available IMU data.
The assessment identified that high bend-
ing strains were present in the area where
the failure subsequently took place. In addi-
tion, the bending strain analysis identified
an additional location on the pipeline where
high strains had been reported.
The operator was able to take decisive
action to address the possibility of another
failure based on the results of the bending
strain analysis. The area of high strain was
excavated, and the section of pipeline was
cut-out and replaced.
As part of the pipeline rehabilitation
project, the operator requested that ROSEN
collect in-situ strain measurements for com-
parison with the reported bending strains.
This data was used to verify the accuracy of
the data and the bending strain assessment Midwestern introduces its new line of recovery winches
process. The in-situ strain was measured for various types of construction equipment. These winch
using strain gages placed on the pipe near
the locations where the pipeline was cut. packages tie into the machine hydraulics, use the existing
The company provided data-collection cab controls, and are easy to install. Make your equipment
support prior to and during the excavation
stage. Prior to the main excavation for the more versatile by adding on one of our recovery winches.
pipeline cut-out, the site was evaluated to MIDWESTERN - built for the toughest jobs.
identify suitable locations for the monitoring
exercise. This involved an appraisal of the
site conditions and the bending strain data.
Installation of the strain gages requires
small excavations to expose the pipe sur- sidebooms.com I 918-858-4201
face. However, this proved to be particu-

www.pgjonline.com
| 45

Figure 3: Ground movement in swampy ground.
Figure 4: Bell-hole excavation to expose the
pipeline for the strain gages.
(15 meters) away from recently constructed
earthworks. The heave occurred as a direct
result of the surface loading.
It is desirable to excavate as little as
possible prior to the placement of strain
gages to avoid relieving any in-place strain.
However, equipment access and personnel
safety must be considered when selecting
the location for gage installation.
ROSEN’s input into selecting the initial
excavation location was critical in ensuring
that quality data was gathered, and the com-
pany provided on-site support and advice
throughout the full instrumentation and data
collection exercise including the installation
of the strain gages.
This involved correlating the in-field
pipeline alignment with the profile of mea-
sured bending strains. Figure 4 shows a
photograph of the excavation area once the
pipe was uncovered.
The location of the final cut was selected
based on the distribution of bending strains
along the pipeline. Figure 6 shows a pho-
tograph of the pipes immediately after the
cutting was complete. The pipe experienced
significant movement after the cut, confirm-
ing the presence of external loads.
The collected strain gage data was pro-
cessed to provide comparisons with the
bending strain data that had been recorded
by the IMU inspection during 2015.
Figure 7 shows an image reconciling
the field observations with the strain gage
placement and IMU bending strain data.
The bending strain calculations indicated a
total bending strain of approximately 1,000

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46 | • November 2019
microstrain (0.1%) was present in the pipe-
line two years before the field works.
The data gathered from the strain gages
attached to the pipeline indicated a total
strain of 800 microstrain (0.08%) was pres-
ent prior to the cut-out. The difference
between the measured strains is attributed
to some stress relief occurring during exca-
vation prior to the placement of the gages.
Nevertheless, the measured strains are
within the reported accuracy of 0.02% for
the bending strain calculations, confirming
the excellent performance of the IMU tool.
This data provided valuable confirmation
to the client regarding the performance of
the IMU technology and the bending strain
data. It justified the decisions made on the
basis of the IMU data and provided confi-
dence in the use of this data.
Conclusion
The assessment of bending strains in
pipelines from IMU inspection tools pro-
Figure 7: Location of strain gages and pipe cut plotted on the IMU bending strain profile.
vides a valuable and effective method to
identify, evaluate and monitor the pres-
ence of geo-hazards that affect pipelines.
Capturing the early development of active
movement will reduce the likelihood of
pipeline failure and provides more options
to address and mitigate the loading threat.
Three levels of assessment can be applied
to bending strain data for geohazard prob-
lems containing increasingly detailed evalu-
ation as active loading is confirmed. The
first level involves detection and listing of
bending strain areas. In Level 2, the accept-
ability and cause of the bending strains
are evaluated together with recommended
Figure 5: Installation of strain gages on the
surface of the pipeline at two locations.
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Figure 6: The springing apart of the pipe sec-
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Authors: Rhett Dotson has worked for 13
automation solutions
years as a consultant in the oil and gas
www.auma-usa.com
industry. He is a graduate of Texas A&M
University and is a registered professional
engineer in Texas, Wyoming, and Oklahoma.
Andy Young is a principal geo-hazards
engineer in Rosen’s integrity solutions team.
anzeige_drittel_Seite_pgj_us.indd 1
www.pgjonline.com
| 47
21.10.2019 08:36:48
How to Readily Access Accurate
Data in Pipeline Integrity Management
By Randall Stremmel, Senior Advisor for Asset Integrity, Metegrity
P
ipelines are among the most com-
plex and critical assets to manage in
the world. As evidenced by a recent
study into pipeline incidents over
the past nine years, the stakes with pipeline
failure are high: on average each day in the
U.S. alone, 1.7 incidents are reported, requir-
ing nine people to be evacuated and causing
almost $1.3 billion in property damage.
In fact, a pipeline catches fire every four
days and results in an explosion every 11
days – resulting in injury every five days on
average, and a fatality every 26.
With the plethora of leaks and explosions
that have been occurring recently, and the
increased emphasis on pipeline regulations
with the new laws and standards coming out,
you are likely all too aware of the stakes. The
question is: How can you get ahead of them?
The answer lies in digital data. With the
recent surge in digitalization, critical and
accurate information about pipeline health
is more readily accessible than ever. Tools
now exist that deliver real data in real time
at all stages of the pipeline’s lifecycle –
from construction through to operations.
In fact, even inspection work can be
reported immediately from the field via
mobile tablet. All of this can translate into
substantial productivity gains, risk mitiga-
tion, and reduced likelihood of failure – but
the real game changer is the access to read-
ily accurate data from your asset at any
time. Let’s examine how.
Challenge
In my experience, there are two common
complaints from pipeline operators, and they
occur at two different stages of the pipeline
– one during construction, and the other dur-
ing operations – but they are at their core the
same: access to readily accurate data.
For the construction stage, the informa-
tion needed is progression; everyone wants
to know when the project will be complete
so they can commence with asset operations.
However, with information being gathered
by several different people along the spreads
48 | • November 2019
and then compounded together to be submit-
ted by upper management, the process takes
as much as two or three days. By the time
the information reaches the decision makers,
things have already changed.
On the operations side, the challenge is even
being able to find the data as many projects still
run on spreadsheet and PDF. It is very time
consuming to locate valuable asset information
after the project is gone – and with it, those who
did the contracting. The result? Someone who
wasn’t part of the initial project must come in
“cold” to mine information through large PDF
files or even binders in banker boxes.
Then there is the issue of regulatory com-
pliance. There are too many examples of
companies who did not follow regulations
or any time of quality systems during the
construction process who then must scram-
ble for information when an issue arises.
These companies not only lose millions in
fines, clean up and, and loss of revenue
without product running through the pipe-
line, but they also lose the confidence of the
public (which can send stocks tumbling).
All these issues can be solved with proper
inspections and data collection – which
costs pennies now in comparison to the
millions that not having it could cost later.
Most issues incur during commissioning
or after the pipeline has been in operation.
Those issues require mining information
through the documentation gathered during
the construction of the pipeline. However, by
the time an issue occurs during operations,
the original construction crew is long gone.
This presents a challenge when con-
ducting pipeline integrity management. If
you’re involved in the operations of the
pipeline, you now must mine for data
through all the documentation gathered
during the construction process – with no
way of knowing where the data you need is
located or whether it’s even accurate. In this
environment, the flow of information up the
food chain is time consuming, often inac-
curate, and by the time it reaches decision
makers, the information is old.
Solution
The solution to these problems lies in
digitalization: capturing, collecting, stor-
ing and analyzing all asset data digitally
on a single database. The best practice for
pipeline integrity management is to oper-
ate within a framework to collect the data
required for regulators and commissioning.
The key is to collect it in a very uniform and
precise manner for future elevation. The
best systems for this purpose should use a
framework that is created by the operators
for what they want to collect, which then
guides the technicians who gather that data.
You can now use a single provider to
digitalize all stages of the pipeline lifecycle:
During construction with a pipeline quality
management system: This allows you to col-
lect the progression information accurately in
real time. All welds that have been completed,
coated, NDT, surveyed, covered, crafts, etc.
– all gathered in an hourly/daily manner digi-
tally and stored in a central location.
With the data stored in a true, searchable
database that can be accessed anywhere in
the world via Wi-Fi, you have overall visu-
alization in near real time, all the time, on
the progress of every aspect of the project.
This in and of itself exponentially improves
the productivity and accuracy of the con-
struction phase of the pipeline.
Arguably even more important, however,
is the foundation it lays for the future opera-
tions of the asset, when issues occur, and all
the construction data is easily retrievable. In
fact, systems exist today that can take the
data obtained during construction and popu-
late it automatically into the asset integrity
management software.
During operations with an asset integrity
management (AIM) system: This allows
management of all asset types across all loca-
tions from a single database. Pipeline sys-
tems include compressor stations, pumping
stations with intermediate product storage,
gathering systems, wellheads, inline heaters,
etc. The key is to find an AIM software that
manages all asset types simultaneously.
 Using separate integrity systems for sep-
arate asset types can only impede efficiency.
It creates information silos that make it
difficult to ascertain the full picture at any
given moment, and requires more time and
cost investment to retrieve, compare, and
garner intelligence from data.
Additionally, managing pipelines in iso-
lation could potentially lead to loss of con-
tainment in one or the other, because corro-
sion information is less likely to be “shared”
between the individual groups responsible
for managing each.
In addition to pipe, other asset types
with unique profiles must be considered
– including pig launchers and receivers,
emergency shutdown devices (ESD), motor
operated valves (MOV), relief systems,
chemical injection facilities, corrosion cou-
pons, upstream equipment such as well-
heads or above ground storage tanks (AST),
and downstream equipment such as basic
crude or gas processing facilities.
The right AIM software acquires, collects,
analyzes and reports all asset data digitally,
directly from the field, even via mobile tablet
on cloud-based servers. Advancements in
geographical mapping make it possible to
create a “digital twin” of your pipeline for a
large picture view of the system.
It allows everything concerning the sys-
tem, including all equipment types, to be
managed from one location – including all
Risk Based Inspection (RBI) assessments.
It harnesses inspection planning based
around risk to ensure that critical assets
receive necessary attention without wasting
resources on non-critical inspections.
Reduced inspection frequency and height-
ened risk mitigation translate to equipment
failure being reduced by up to 50%. Data is
always readily available, clear audit trails
are established, and you are always adher-
ing to regulatory compliance – able to
generate reports with the click of a button.
This right AIM software makes it possible
to stay compliant with not only with regula-
tions but also the operator’s specifications.
By working within a framework, all the data
is gathered uniformly and consistently, in a
structured manner for proper analysis.
During inspections via mobile tablet:
With this technology, inspection work is
assigned from the AIM software to a secure,
mobile software platform that inspectors
can utilize via tablet directly in the field.
With it, they
can download,
organize and con-
duct their work as
they go in digital
format, and then
sync those results
immediately via
Wi-Fi. The result?
Immediate access
to key information
from the field. No
more filtering up
the chain for two
to three days until
the information
received is already
too old to use.
Accurate data, available on site, continues to increase in importance.
Benefits
Capitalizing on these technologies always
has obvious and immediately apparent ben-
efits due to substantial time and cost savings
with accurate data on all facets of your pipe-
line being readily accessible. Yet, the real
benefits to going digital are the ways you can
leverage the data in the future. These include:
n Estimators can use the information
to see how construction through cer-
tain areas slows down or speeds up,
depending the terrain;
n Estimators can mine costing informa-
tion compared to the sub-vendor, ter-
rain, and land owners;
n Evaluations of sub-vendors (easily see
their performance on past projects);
n Land people can easily pull up land
agreements in areas where operations
have already gone through to give them
an idea of what they need to do and who
to talk with;
n Engineering can gather information
of constructability and operators com-
pared to cost/man-power/ operations;
n Engineers during the design phase of
other pipeline can use data collected to
give them a fact-based data for perfor-
mance;
n Managers can use the LEMS for other
projects to give an estimate for labor, mate-
rials, and machinery that will be needed;
When seeking technology for this pur-
pose, save yourself unnecessary complica-
tion by looking for a single provider that
offers all three stages mentioned above.
Specific features to look for when it comes
to software for pipeline integrity manage-
ment include:
n Optional availability to import new
pipeline construction data from the
construction process, which is a huge
value to the pipeline project/integ-
rity/operations group in managing the
ongoing health of the pipeline.
n Ability to import in-line inspection
data directly.
n Visually plot significant geographical
features or defects, providing a large
picture view of the pipeline system.
n Ability to plot many of the tasks com-
pleted on a pipeline segment on a “google
style” or ArcGIS map to visually repre-
sent activities performed on the pipeline.
Conclusion
The stakes are high for pipeline opera-
tors. Regulations are becoming stricter,
standards more frequently enforced, and
costly incidences are occurring every day –
making it more crucial to be able to access
vital information about your assets in real-
time, all the time.
With new digital technologies, it is pos-
sible to do exactly that. There is no reason
to continue with the tedious, time-wasting
methods of the past when readily accurate
data could be instantly available to make
key decisions that could save millions of
dollars. The long-term benefits of adopting
this approach quickly outweigh the short-
term investment required – as mentioned
earlier, it’s pennies today compared to dol-
lars tomorrow. The time is now.
www.pgjonline.com
| 49
How Rotating Equipment
Enhances Efficiency in Pipelines
By Andrea Intieri, Pipeline Equipment Platform Leader and Maria De Renzis, Executive LNG & Pipeline Segment Leader, Baker Hughes
T
he quest for energy is not a new
story. Over centuries, mankind has
been searching for new sources of
energy with economic growth and
wealth as primary drivers.
According to the IEA, this trend will
continue for many years to come. In fact, by
2040 primary energy demand in the “new
policy” scenario is projected to rise by more
than a quarter to a record level of 17,700
million tonne of oil equivalent, with most
of this growth coming from Asia.
However, the abundance of alternative
sources of supply such as renewables are
unprecedented promises to shift the tradi-
tional paradigms of economic development.
Digital technologies coupled with renew-
ables enable more distributed, low-cost
power generation. Increasing renewable
power generation, forecasted to reach 40%
(vs. current 25%) of the total electrical ener-
gy produced by 2040, will call for much
higher grid flexibility. Solar Photovoltaic
(PV) and Wind technologies are expected to
continue their cost reduction trend, allowing
for example PV to reach 20% of electricity
generated by 2040 (more than 8,500 TWh),
almost as much as the share generated by
gas fired power plants.
In parallel, the shale revolution in North
America enables the U.S. to dominate as
an oil and gas producer and exporter. They
are projected to grab half of the expected
50 | • November 2019
hydrocarbon production growth by 2025,
breaking the historical dominance of the
Middle East and Russia.
Thanks to the combination of competitive
costs, abundance and lower environmental
impact, gas is the hydrocarbon projected to
drive the low-carbon transition, enabling a
more sustainable balance over the years to
come. Gas is projected to reach 25% of total
primary energy demand by 2040 according
to IEA. Still, more actions are needed to
deploy the powerful potential of gas and to
integrate its infrastructure with the power
grid. Moreover, increased efficiency and
reduced greenhouse gas effects will be key.
Changing World
Shifts in hydrocarbon production and
consumption areas require investments in
the expansion of existing transportation sys-
tems or the construction of new links, either
regionally or cross-regionally. A much more
interconnected global gas market, enabled
by the rising trade of LNG, has deep impli-
cations on how countries plan the security
of their supply and increases competition
across global projects.
Today, the viability of new infrastruc-
tures is at risk unless substantial efforts are
made to guarantee the highest standards
of compliance with local regulations as
well as controlling capital and operating
expenditures. Connecting production and
consumption areas often means installing
the equipment in remote locations, where
harsh environment and unmanned opera-
tions determine the need for high reliability,
remote operability and easy maintainability.
Pipelines are valuable to their stake-
holders when they can support their duty
at the same time limiting as much as pos-
sible local pollution and using transported
resource – namely oil, gas or refined prod-
ucts – by means of the most efficient com-
pression and pumping systems.
While the best available technology
approach enables safer and cleaner pipe-
lines, today the industry must also find new
paradigms to better integrate them with
renewable sources. Since gas is expected to
become the second-largest fuel in the global
energy mix by 2030, gas infrastructures will
need to support energy demand increases
and complement flexible renewables.
Today, pipeline operators can adopt solu-
tions to prepare for this future with the
introduction of new products that enable
higher flexible.
At Baker Hughes, for example, the
NovaLT gas turbine family was devel-
oped within the rotating equipment divi-
sion, Turbomachinery & Process Solutions
(TPS), based in Florence, Italy. In devel-
oping products for the future, TPS lever-
ages deep knowledge and expertise in com-
pressors and pumps as Nuovo Pignone
and Thermodyn, and in gas turbines for
mechanical drive and power generation
built over many decades of collaboration
with GE. In pipeline and storage applica-
tions alone,
Drawing on knowledge from its active
fleet of more than 1,600 gas turbines and
more than 2,300 compressors and pumps,
TPS moved quickly from concept to serial
one production of the NovaLT16. Launched
at the 2014 Turbomachinery Symposium,
first orders were received in 2015 and
the first complete turbo-compression unit
started up in a North American gas pipeline
system in 2017.
The unit, successfully completed a
72-hour continuous-run test in ambient
temperatures down to 3° F. The unit is con-
nected to Baker Hughes remote monitoring
and diagnostics center called the “iCenter”
for 24/7 coverage.
Today, the gas turbine has accumulated
more than 15,000 hours with 98.4% avail-
ability (97% utilization factor), operating
within guarantees and emissions well below
regulatory limits across seasonal tempera-
ture ranges from -40° F to 91° F.
Integrated Lines
Electrification is one of the most impor-
tant trends in Pipeline compression equip-
ment. Whenever access to the power grid
is economically viable, operators consider
electric drivers for the benefits they can
bring: flexibility, reduced maintenance,
lower emissions and low noise. The inte-
grated compressor line (ICL) is a highly
efficient, flexible and low noise product
that pushes the boundaries of technology
well beyond the traditional electric-driven
compression units.
In fact, the ICL has a high-speed electric
motor fully integrated with the compres-
sor in a single sealed casing. The ICL has
a high-efficiency induction motor, proven
by 4 million hours of successful operation.
Motor speed is regulated by a variable fre-
quency drive (VFD).
Motor and compressors rotors are levitat-
ed by active magnetic bearings (AMB) and
a precision control system, thus eliminating
parts contact and wear, lube oil systems and
dry gas seals — so there are no fluids to
leak or dispose of, and no depressurization
required on shutdown, and dramatically
improve safety by limiting the risk of fire.
The AMB system also improves reliabil-
ity and availability – with approximately
40% lower requested maintenance vs. con-
ventional solutions based on oil bearings.
Without auxiliaries such as the lube oil sys-
tem and dry gas seal panel, there are addi-
tional benefits in terms of noise enclosure
design and overall noise reduction.
The ICL compressor can either be single
or multistage (with up to nine impellers) and
is directly flanged onto the motor. The com-
pressor design incorporates Baker Hughes
latest technological advances, including
high-performance impellers delivering the
highest efficiency.
The package design is simple and has
a footprint approximately half the size of
a conventional compressor, allowing the
installation of this solutions also in off-shore
and in constrained spaces. The ICL is cur-
rently available for applications up to 21,500
Hp. The ICL fleet has in average more than
99% availability. Most of these units are
operating in pipeline or storage compression
stations, making it the electrical technology
of choice for such applications.
Hybrid Gas Turbines
The hybrid gas turbine (HGT) archi-
tecture developed by Baker Hughes is
a versatile solution with a gas turbine
driving a compressor, coupled with an
electrical reversible machine operating
in combination. The HGT includes a
VFD and a high-speed motor, in addition
to the turbo-compression unit. A self-
synchronizing clutch is placed between
gas turbine and centrifugal compressors
to run the unit in full electric (or “zero
emission”) mode.
This system allows the increase of
NovaLT16 gas turbine. (Photos: Baker Hughes)
installed power without additional emis-
sions, using power from the grid and reduc-
ing fuel consumption, which lowers emis-
sions and increase the gas turbine life.
As an alternative, the VFD and the motor
can operate as generator, producing power
for the electrical grid or for compression
plant self-consumption, this solution allows
maintaining the gas turbine at its base
load when efficiency is maximized and
emissions minimized independently by the
speed of the compressor drive, in this way
the electrical behavior does not impact in
any mode the process. The HGT can also be
used as storage system, running in full elec-
tric mode and transforming excess power
from the grid into gas pressure energy,
feeding a pipeline or an underground gas
storage facility.
The HGT allows a better integration
with renewable sources, as it allows to
run a pipeline and to produce power
while optimizing the use of fuel in all
possible operating conditions, or as a
back-up of the power grid during discon-
tinuities of renewables.
Other benefits include the increase in
compression station availability when in
full-electric mode, lower maintenance
costs thanks to longer life of gas turbine
components and the potential to expand
existing facilities.
According to a study developed for a pipe-
line operator owning a PGT25 jet gas turbine
(ISO rated at 31,700 hp), when coupled with
a 13,600-hp electric motor, the system can
achieve a 9% reduction in fuel and a 26%
reduction in carbon footprint if operated in
www.pgjonline.com
| 51
 boundaries of reliability, efficiency and oper-
ability in gas turbines range up to 27,000 Hp.
As energy is transitioning toward a
low-carbon future, flexibility becomes
more and more important: the integration
of power and gas grids can be opportunity
for the gas industry thanks to the modern
technologies. The integrated compres-
sor line (ICL) and the hybrid gas turbine
(HGT) help drive energy forward pro-
viding flexibility and better connecting
pipeline compression stations with power
grid.

Authors: Andrea Intieri

is the pipeline equipment
platform leader for Baker
Hughes’ Turbomachinery
An integrated compressor line.
and Process Solutions
hybrid mode for just 3,800 hours/year. In Conclusions Division.
addition, maintenance savings are generated. Today, pipeline operators face increasing Maria De Renzis is the
The concept can be installed in greenfield challenges on multiple sides, from more executive LNG and pipeline
or as a retrofit of existing compression sta- complex regulatory processes to the need for segment leader for Baker
tions. The HGT is therefore a promising safer and environmentally friend operations. Hughes’ Turbomachinery
solution for achieving better integration of Baker Hughes has introduced the NovaLT and Process Solutions
gas and power grids. gas turbine family, which is pushing the Division.

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52 | • November 2019
Why Tanzania, Zambia Want a New Oil Pipeline
By Shem Oirere, Correspondent
D
emand for refined petroleum
products in Tanzania has been
increasing in recent years, and
the East African country has
proposed a new oil pipeline project to meet
the consumption requirement for refined
fuels, especially in the southern parts where
there is growing development of new min-
ing and industrial projects.
Although Tanzania’s consumption of
refined fuels was estimated at 52,000 bpd
by 2014, Tanzania’s Energy and Water
Utilities Regulatory Authority (EWURA),
an autonomous multi-sectoral state author-
ity that regulates the electricity, petroleum,
natural gas and water sectors, predicts the
demand for refined petroleum products
could rise sharply to 112,400 bpd by 2025.
This expected demand for fuel, along
with Tanzania’s desire to reduce both the
damage to the road network and the level of
emissions from use of fuel tankers led to the
decision to construct a new oil pipeline from
Dar es Salaam to Ndola in Zambia. Takeoff
points will be at Morogoro, Iringa, Njombe,
Mbeya na Songwe within Tanzania.
“Implementation of the new oil pipeline
project will enhance security of supply of petro-
leum products in all provinces (in Tanzania),
where the pipeline will pass in addition to cre-
ating additional job opportunities,” said David
Kalemani, Tanzania’s energy minister.
He said the new oil pipeline, which is at
the feasibility study phase, “will prevent
destruction of road infrastructure and ease
vehicle congestion in Dar es Salaam.”
Tanzania has allocated $350,000 in the 2019-
20 fiscal year for feasibility studies. The project
will be implemented jointly with Zambia, but
neither government has firm plans for financ-
ing or timelines for completing the project.
The option of constructing a new pipe-
line for refined petroleum products has been
proposed previously. The thrust of these dis-
cussions involved the desire of the two coun-
tries to address frequent breakdowns along
their jointly owned Tanzania Zambia Mafuta
(Tazama) crude oil pipeline, which has a
mixed diameter of
8 and 12 inches
and is operated by
Tazama Pipeline
Limited.
However,
Zambia had already
announced plans to
offload a majority
stake in the poorly
performing Indeni
refinery to a strate-
gic partner, an indi-
cation of plans to us
to which means the
need for a crude oil The Tazania Zambia Mafuta Pipeline.
pipeline will continue to exist. Tanzania’s proposal for a new oil pipeline
By early this year seven bidders had been comes barely five years after a study by the
short-listed for the acquisition of the refinery, Channoil Consortium Ltd on the security
including Glencore Energy U.K, Vitol SA, of supply of petroleum products to Zambia
China Petroleum Technology & Development proposed several options, including con-
Corporation, Philia Trading, Joint Stock struction of a new line that would cost more
Company Global Security of Russia, Sahara than $1 billion. The consortium consists
Energy Resources, and consortium of Beijing of PricewaterhouseCoopers, Corpus Legal
Huiersanji Green Chem Company Limited Practitioners and Channoil Consulting Ltd.
and AVIC International Holding. Another option put forward in the study
The Tazama Pipeline has been character- was the replacement of the existing pipeline
ized by performance failures attributed to with a new 12-inch multi-product pipeline.
lack of scheduled maintenance, external cor- “A multi-product pipeline can transport
rosion due to failure of the pipeline coating multiple different oil products sequentially
and the effect of low-resistivity, black-cotton down the pipeline, using batching pigs or
soil and internal corrosion due to persistent interfaces to separate the products,” it said.
incursion of sea water into the pipeline from The study also said replacing the existing
the single- point mooring (SPM) system off- pipeline would require storage at pump sta-
shore Dar es Salaam Harbor. tions in order to develop any of these into
At the Dar es Salaam port, the Tazama distribution centers for gasoline and diesel.
crude oil pipeline is supported by a 2.3- “The batching pigs or interfaces will
mile (3.3-km), 36-inch sub-sea pipeline. The contain some mixing of the grades, which
SPM, which has a discharge speed of 2,500 can be separated and downgraded as per
cubic meters/hour, is held steady by catenary industry practice,” the study projected.
anchor chains concreted into the sea floor. It Another proposal to supply Zambia was to
can rotate and hold offloading tankers with replace the 605-mile (954-km) Tazama crude
capacities up to 150,000 deadweight tons. pipeline made up of deteriorating 8-inch
Unfortunately, the existing pipeline, at pipe, as well as the 470 miles (756 km) of
times, records an average of 100 leakages in 12-inch pipe section with a completely new
a year, which has substantially reduced its 12-inch crude only pipeline, while maintain-
installed capacity from the initial 1.1 mtpa ing the pump station configuration but reduc-
to slightly more than 600,000 tons/year. ing the intermediate pigging stations.
www.pgjonline.com
| 53
Engineering Services Guide
Today, more than ever, oil and gas pipeline companies are depending on engineering, environmental, and field-service firms to
help design and maintain their systems while keeping them in compliance with increasingly strict regulations. Operators want
to partner with the best companies. Pipeline & Gas Journal’s Engineering Services Guide highlights services to owners/
operators from around the world.

ACI SERVICES BECHTEL CARDNO, INC.

125 Steubenville Ave. 3000 Post Oak Blvd. 10004 Park Meadows Dr., Suite 300
Cambridge, OH 43725 Houston, TX 77056 Lone Tree, CO 80124
Phone: (740) 435-0240 Phone: (713) 235-2000 Phone: (205) 410-6498
Website: www.aciservicesinc.com Website: www.bechtel.com Website: www.cardno.com
Annual Revenue: $900 Million
AECOM BI-CON ENGINEERING, LLC Contact: Jamey Hollingsworth
19219 Katy Fwy., Suite 100 10901 Clay Pike Rd.
Houston, TX 77094 Derwent, OH 43733 KEY PERSONNEL
Phone: (281) 646-2400 Phone: (740) 685-9217 Jamey Hollingsworth, VP – Principal
Website: www.aecom.com Website: www.bi-conengineering.com Stephanie Hudgins, Principal
Jennifer Barringer, Senior Consultant
AMERICAN INNOVATIONS CAPABILITIES Duane Peters, Senior Consultant
12211 Technology Blvd. Engineering Anngie Richter, Senior Principal
Austin, TX 78727 Project Management Chad Marin, Principal
Phone: (512) 249-3400 Consulting Wayne Kicklighter, Senior Principal
Website: www.aiworldwide.com Procurement Glen Smith, Senior Principal
Design Gretchen Thatch, Principal
APPLIED CONSULTANTS
2100 N Eastman Rd. BI-CON SERVICES, INC. CAPABILITIES
Longview, TX 75601 10902 Clay Pike Rd. Consulting
Phone: (903) 643-0956 Derwent, OH 43734 Inspection
Website: www.appliedconsultants.com Phone: (740) 685-2542 Gis
Website: www.bi-conservices.com Environmental
APPLUS RTD Contact: Miklos Dudevszky
11801 S Sam Houston Pkwy. W, Suite 200 CECO COMPRESSOR ENGINEERING
Houston, TX 77031 KEY PERSONNEL 5440 Alder Dr.
Phone: (832) 295-5000 Miklos “Miki” Dudevszky, VP Business Houston, TX 77081
Website: www.applusrtd.com Development; mdudevszky@bi-conservices.com; Phone: (713) 663-1858
740-485-5857 Website: www.tryceco.com
AUDOBON FIELD SOLUTIONS Denny Patterson, President and CEO
10205 Westheimer Rd., Suite 100 Chris Allowatt, COO CLEVELAND INTEGRITY SERVICES, INC.
Houston, TX 77042 Mark Atkins, EVP Bi-Con Engineering 370690 E Old Hwy. 64
Phone: (281) 669-0590 Cleveland, OK 74020
Website: www.auduboncompanies.com CAPABILITIES Phone: (918) 358-5735
Engineering Website: www.clevelandintegrity.com
BASIC SYSTEMS, INC. Project Management
9255 Cadiz Rd. Contract Mangement CONTRACT LAND STAFF
Cambridge, OH 43725 Consulting 2245 Texas Dr., Suite 200
Phone: (740) 432-3001 Procurement Sugar Land, TX 77479
Website: www.basic-systems.com Field Services Phone: (281) 240-3370
Contact: Matt Eckelberry Design Website: www.contractlandstaff.com
Safety Audits & Training Contact: Matt Byrd
KEY PERSONNEL 3D Lasor Scanning / Modeling
Thomas Stemmer, President KEY PERSONNEL
Gene Oliver, Vice President BKW, INC. Darin Hittle, President & CEO
Ronald Miller, Executive VP PO Box 581611 Matt Byrd, Executive Vice President of
Matt Eckelberry, Marketing Manager Tulsa, OK 74158 Business Development
Douglas Law, Senior Project Manager Facilities 1 Phone: (918) 836-6767 Mike Brantley, Senior Vice President
Jean Roe, Senior Project Manager Facilities Grp 2 of Projects
Dave Eisenbarth, Sr. Project Mgr. Automation Grp BLACK & VEATCH Bruce Trepl, Vice President of Projects
4400 Post Oak Pkwy., 12th Fl.
CAPABILITIES Houston, TX 77027 CAPABILITIES
Engineering Phone: (713) 961-1100 R-O-W
Project Management Website: www.bv.com Project Management
Consulting Contract Mangement
Procurement BRADLEY B. BEAN Consulting
Design 419 E Columbia St. Inspection
Colorado Springs, CO 80907 GIS
BCCK ENGINEERING Phone: (719) 578-9391 Environmental
2500 N Big Spring, Suite 230 Field Services
Midland, TX 79705 BURNS & McDONNELL Design
Phone: (432) 685-6095 9400 World Pkwy.
Kansas City, MO 64114
Phone: (816) 333-9400
Website: www.burnsmcd.com

54 | • November 2019
Engineering Services Guide
CR INSPECTION, INC. Fredrick Moses, Oil and Gas Sales Manager; Environmental
621 S Main St. fmoses@ene.com Procurement
Hugoton, KS 67951 Field Services
Phone: (620) 544-2666 CAPABILITIES
Website: www.crinspection.com Engineering ENSITEUSA
R-O-W 3100 S Gessner Rd., Suite 400
DEKRA Project Management Houston, TX 77063
1000 Town Center Dr., Suite 600 Consulting Phone: (713) 456-7800
Oxnard, CA 93036 Inspection Website: www.ensiteusa.com
Phone: (805) 646-0166 GIS Contact: Kevin Pilkington
Website: www.dekra-na.com Environmental
Field Services KEY PERSONNEL
DET-TRONICS Design Kevin Pilkington PE; kpilkington@ensireusa.com;
6901 W 110th St. Permit Applications (832) 803-1018
Minneapolis, MN 55438 Federal And State Environmental Regulations L.A. “Buster” Gray III PE, Executive Vice President
Phone: (952) 941-5665 Environmental Risk Advisory Brad Sitton PE, President & CEO
Website: www.det-tronics.com Kimberley Braswell, Vice President Construction
EDGE ENGINEERING & SERVICES Management & Inspection Services
DILLON CONSULTING, LTD. 16285 Park Ten Pl., Suite 400 Gary Greer PLS, Vice President Survey
1149 Smythe St., Suite 200 Houston, TX 77084 Dale McClain, Vice President Survey & Mapping
Fredericton, NB E3B 3H4 Canada Phone: (832) 772-3000 (Tulsa, OK)
Phone: (416) 229-4646 Website: www.edge-es.com Tina Hall, Vice President Land & ROW
Website: www.dillon.ca Contact: Shawn M. Lixey Gayle Pritchard, Senior Vice President EPCM Svcs.
Kyle Howard PE, Vice President & Project
DNV GL KEY PERSONNEL Director (Lexington, KY)
1400 Ravello Dr. Shawn M. Lixey, Vice President Dick Penning, Project Director
Katy, TX 77449 Trevor Loveday, Partner James Copland, Vice President HSSE &
Phone: (281) 395-1000 Compliance
Website: www.dnvgl.com CAPABILITIES
Engineering CAPABILITIES
DST CONSULTING ENGINEERS R-O-W Engineering
2150 Thurston Dr., Suite 203 Project Management R-O-W
Ottawa, ON K1G 5T9 Canada Contract Mangement Project Management
Phone: (613) 748-1415 Consulting Contract Mangement
Website: www.dstgroup.com Inspection Consulting
GIS Inspection
DYNAMIC RISK ASSESSMENT SYSTEMS, INC. Environmental GIS
333 – 11th Ave. SW Procurement Pipeline Integrity
Calgary, AB T2R 1L9 Canada Field Services Procurement
Phone: (403) 547-8638 Design Field Services
Website: www.dynamicrisk.net Design
Contact: Tracey Murray EN ENGINEERING
28100 Torch Pkwy., Suite 400 ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS & INNOVATIONS
CAPABILITIES Warrenville, IL 60555 4525 Este Ave.
Engineering Phone: (630) 353-4000 Cincinnati, OH 45232
Project Management Website: www.enengineering.com Phone: (513) 451-1777
Consulting Annual Revenue: $200 Million Website: www.envsi.com
Pipeline Integrity Contact: John Wilson
Environmental EPCON PARTNERS
Field Services KEY PERSONNEL 724 Front St., Suite 507
Design John Wilson, Vice President Business Development Evanston, WY 82930
Steve Knowles, Chief Executive Officer Phone: (307) 699-3307
EAGLE INFRASTRUCTURE SERVCIES Mitch Hulet, Chief Risk Officer Website: www.epconpartners.com
PO Box 658 Dave Klimas, Chief Operating Officer Contact: James Griffiths
Cleveland, OK 74020 Adam Biggam, Sr. Vice President Utilities
Phone: (918) 358-5735 Jesse Rodriguez, Sr. Vice President CAPABILITIES
Website: www.eagle-infra.com Oil & Gas / Midstream Project Management
Kevin Lewis, Sr. Vice President Automation Contract Mangement
ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT, INC. Jenny Hudson, Vice President Integrity Consulting
368 Pleasant View Dr. Michael Simpson, Chief Human Inspection
Lancaster, NY 14086 Resources Officer Pipeline Integrity
Phone: (716) 684-8060 Ben Newman, Chief Strategy & Environmental
Website: www.ene.com Corporate Development Procurement
Contact: Greg Netti Field Services
CAPABILITIES Design
KEY PERSONNEL Natual Gas / Electric Engineering Design Full-Service Engineering, Procurement &
Greg Netti, Practice Area Leader of Pipelines Automation / Controls Construction Management (EPCM) Services
LNG and Deep Water Ports; gnetti@ene.com Pipeline Integrity Project And Construction Mgmnt. Personnel
Jason Goldstein, Energy Practice Leader; Corrosion Environmental Mangement And Inspection
jgoldstein@ene.com Gis & Data Analytics Construction Quality Control Inspection
Mike Boyle, Managing Director; mboyle@ene.com Inspection Services On-Site Project Safety Professionals
Sara Mochrie, Deputy Managing Director; Project Management Wide Range Of Safety Management Services
smochrie@ene.com Contract Mangement Project Controls And Accounting
Consulting Material Procurement

56 | • November 2019
Engineering Services Guide
Engineering KEY PERSONNEL KEY PERSONNEL
Feasibility Studies Dave Bourbeau, Vice President – Oil & Gas Sector; April Marnie, Business Development Manger;
Cost Estimates David_Bourbeau@golder.com amarnie@henkels.com / pipelinebids@
Permitting Services Noah Fennessey PE, Pipeline Engineering henkels.com; (281) 301-2813
Team Lead; Noah_Fennessy@golder.com;
ERM 925-956-4800 CAPABILITIES
840 W Sam Houston Pkwy. N, Suite 600 Jeremy Yeglin PE, Senior Engineer; Project Management
Houston, TX 77024 Jeremy_Yeglin@golder.com Consulting
Phone: (281) 600-1000 Richie Fenteg, Senior Pipeline Engineer; Pipeline Integrity
Website: www.erm.com Richie_Fenteg@golder.com; 813-287-1717 Procurement
Annual Revenue: $902 Million David Oldham, Senior Pipeline Engineer; Field Services
David_Oldham@golder.com; 813-287-1717
CAPABILITIES Bailey Theriault, Senior Geologist; HOERBIGER ENINGEERING SERVICES
R-O-W btheriault@golder.com; 603-668-0880 8448 N Sam Houston Pkwy. W
Project Management Andreas Kammereck, Sr. Geothechnical Engineer; Houston, TX 77064
Consulting Andreas_Kammereck@golder.com; Phone: (281) 866-8883
Inspection 425-883-0777 Website: www.hoerbiger.com
GIS Matthew Long, Leader – Environmental Planning;
Environmental Matthew_Long@golder.com; 303-980-0540 HUNT GUILLOT & ASSOCIATES
Field Services Jake Trahan, Pipeline Environmental Lead; 603 Reynolds Dr.
Jacob_Trahan@golder.com Ruston, LA 71270
ESI ENERGY SERVICES, INC. Matthew Brown, Senior Project Manager; Phone: (318) 255-6825
727-7th Ave. SW, Suite 500 Matthew_Brown@golder.com; 770-496-1893 Website: www.hga-llc.com
Calgary, AB T2P 0Z5 Canada
Phone: (403) 262-9344 CAPABILITIES ILF CONSULTING ENGINEERS
Website: www.energyservicesinc.com Engineering 833 - 4th Ave. SW, Suite 600
Project Management Calgary, AB T2P 3T5 Canada
EXP Consulting Phone: (587) 288-2600
1800 W Loop S, Suite 850 Inspection Website: www.ilf.com
Houston, TX 77027 GIS
Phone: (713) 439-3600 Pipeline Integrity JACOBS CONSULTANCY, INC.
Website: www.exp.com Environmental 5995 Rogerdale Rd.
Design Houston, TX 77072
EXPONENT Phone: (832) 351-6000
149 Commonwealth Dr. GULF INTERSTATE ENGINEERING Website: www.jacobs.com
Menlo Park, CA 94025 16010 Bakers Point Ln., Suite 600
Phone: (888) 656-3976 Houston, TX 77079 JOHN CHANCE LAND SURVEYS, INC.
Website: www.exponent.com Phone: (713) 850-3400 200 Dulles Dr.
Website: www.gie.com Lafayette, LA 70506
FOSTER WHEELER Contact: info@gie.com Phone: (337) 354-4539
Perryville Corporate Park
Clinton, NJ 8809 CAPABILITIES KBR, INC.
Phone: (908) 730-5412 Engineering 601 Jefferson St.
R-O-W Houston, TX 77002
FUGRO USA LAND Project Management Phone: (713) 753-7310
6100 Hillcroft Ave. Contract Mangement Website: www.kbr.com
Houston, TX 77081 Consulting
Phone: (713) 369-5400 Inspection KIEWIT
Website: www.fugro.com GIS 3831 Technology Forest Blvd.
Pipeline Integrity Woodlands, TX 77381
G2 INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS Environmental Phone: (281) 517-8900
10850 Richmond Ave., Suite 200 Procurement Website: www.kiewit.com
Houston, TX 77042 Field Services Annual Revenue: $9 Billion
Phone: (713) 260-4000 Design
Website: www.g2-is.com CAPABILITIES
GULF INTERSTATE FIELD SERVICES Engineering
GAI CONSULTANTS, INC. 16011 Bakers Point Ln., Suite 600 Project Management
2100 W Loop S, Suite 1400 Houston, TX 77080 Contract Mangement
Houston, TX 77027 Phone: (713) 850-3401 Procurement
Phone: (346) 231-7171 Website: www.gie.com Design
Website: www.gaiconsultants.com
HDR, INC. L5 ASSOCIATES
GHD 4401 W Gate Blvd., Suite 400 PO Box 168
13091 Pond Springs Rd., Suite 100 Austin, TX 78745 Scott Depot, WV 25560
Austin, TX 78729 Phone: (512) 912-5113 Phone: (304) 377-7379
Phone: (512) 506-8803 Website: www.hdrinc.com
Website: www.ghd.com LAKE SUPERIOR CONSULTING, LLC
HENKLES & McCOY 130 W Superior St., Suite 500
GOLDER ASSOCIATES, INC. 110 Cypress Station Dr., Suite 200 Duluth, MN 55802
14950 Heathrow Forest Pkwy., Suite 280 Houston, TX 77090 Phone: (218) 727-3141
Houston, TX 77032 Phone: (281) 537-0101 Website: www.lsconsulting.com
Phone: (281) 821-6868 Website: www.henkels.com Contact: info@lsconsulting.com
Website: www.golder.com Contact: April Marnie
Contact: Dave Bourbeau

58 | • November 2019
 Engineering Services Guide
KEY PERSONNEL MICHAEL BAKER PRIMORIS ENERGY SERVICES, INC.
Ryan Swor, Vice President and General Mgr. 500 Grant St., Suite 5400 2300 N Field St., Suite 1900
David Hokanson, Vice President of Engineering Pittsburgh, PA 15219 Dallas, TX 75201
Bill Pedersen, Director of Facilities Engineering Phone: (412) 269-6300 Phone: (214) 740-5600
Aaron Perrault, Director of Pipeline Engineering Website: www.mbakerintl.com Website: www.primoriscorp.com
David Johnson, Director of Project Integration
Matt Brown, Key Accounts Program Director KEY PERSONNEL PROJECT CONSULTING SERVICES, INC.
Nick Anderson, Emergin Clients Program Dir. Cory Wilder, SVP and Office Executive Houston 1800 W Loop S, Suite 900
Steve Wenzel, Key Accounts Program Director Jeff Baker, SVP and Office Executive Alaska Houston, TX 77027
Mike Murray, Director of Operational Support Keith Meyer, Pipeline Regulatory Specialist Phone: (713) 952-7380
Ann Feitel, Director of Marketing Paul Carson, Chief Pipeline Engineer Website: www.projectconsulting.com
Wesley Nason, Pipeline Const. Estimating Mgr. Contact: Bill Rose
CAPABILITIES John Zagorski, Pipeline Department Manager PA.
Engineering Joe Blickenderfer, Oil & Gas Environmental KEY PERSONNEL
R-O-W Department Manager PA. Gary Vogt, President and CEO
Project Management Robert Tomblin, Oil & Gas Department Mgr. WV. Leon Proper, Director – Project Management
Contract Mangement Brett Vogt, Director – PCS Technology Solutions
Consulting CAPABILITIES Dwayne Templet, Director – Engineering & Design
Inspection Engineering Barry Fredericks, Director – Major Capital Projects
GIS R-O-W (Surveying, Mapping) Mark Zeringer, Director – GM Houston & Inspection
Pipeline Integrity Project Management Bill Rose, Director – Commercial & Business Dev.
Environmental Contract Mangement
Procurement Consulting CAPABILITIES
Field Services Inspection Engineering
Design GIS Data Management / Traceability
Pipeline Integrity Project Management
LW SURVEY Environmental Contract Mangement
8400 N Sam Houston Pkwy. W, Suite 100 Procurement Consulting
Houston, TX 77064 Field Services Construction Management / Inspection
Phone: (827) 897-9962 Design GIS
Website: www.lwsurvey.com Pipeline Integrity
MICHELS CORPORATION Ferc Permitting / Environmental
M&H ENERGY SERVICES 817 W Main St. Procurement
1415 Eldridge Pkwy. Brownsville, WI 53006 Field Services / Mobile Forms
Houston, TX 77077 Phone: (920) 583-3132 Design
Phone: (918) 630-1400 Website: www.michels.us
QUALITY INTEGRATED SERVICES, INC. (QIS)
McVAC MORRIS P. HEBERT, INC. 2309 N Lelia St.
481 Grand Ave. 116 Venture Blvd. Guymon, OK 73942
New Haven, CT 6513 Houma, LA 70360 Phone: (580) 468-6601
Phone: (888) 549-2606 Phone: (985) 853-3948 Website: www.qisinspection.com
Website: www.mcvacenvironmental.com Website: www.mphinc.com Contact: Lonnie Childress

MDM SOLUTIONS MOTT McDONALD KEY PERSONNEL

555 Anton Blvd., Suite 150 134 Capital Dr., Suite D Lonnie Childress
Cost Mesa, CA 92626 West Springfield, MA 1089 Mike Grider
Phone: (800) 669-6361 Phone: (413) 535-0135 Monte Wallace
Website: www.mdmcorp.com Website: www.mottmac.com Arlene Kauffman
Clark Purdy
MEARS GROUP, INC. OCEANEERING INTERNATIONAL, INC. Chan Huffman
16000 College Blvd. 11911 FM 529
Lenexa, KS 66219 Houston, TX 77041 CAPABILITIES
Website: www.mears.net Phone: (713) 329-4500 Project Management
Contract Mangement
MERJENT OTIS EASTERN SERVICE Consulting
1 Main St. SE, Suite 300 2971 Rte. 417 E Inspection
Minneapolis, MN 55414 Wellsville, NY 14895 Pipeline Integrity
Phone: (612) 746-3660 Phone: (585) 593-4760 Environmental
Website: www.merjent.com Website: www.otisestern.com Field Services
Contact: info@merjent.com
PERCHERON QUANTA SERVICES
CAPABILITIES 1904 W Grand Pkwy. N 2800 Post Oak Blvd., Suite 2600
Project Management Katy, TX 77441 Houston, TX 77056
Consulting Phone: (832) 300-6400 Phone: (713) 629-7600
Inspection Website: www.percheronllc.com Website: www.quantaservices.com
GIS
Environmental POWER ENGINEERS, INC. RCP INC.
Field Services 509 N Sam Houston Pkwy. E, Suite 200 801 Louisiana St., Suite 200
Houston, TX 77060 Houston, TX 77002
MESA Phone: (281) 765-5500 Phone: (713) 655-8080
4445 S 74th E Ave. Website: www.powereng.com Website: www.rcp.com
Tulsa, OK 74145 Contact: Jessica Foley
Phone: (888) 800-6372
Website: www.mesaproducts.com

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| 59
Engineering Services Guide
KEY PERSONNEL SELECT ENGINEERING STRESS ENGINEERING SERVICES, INC.
W.R. “Bill” Byrd, President 1437 S Boulder, Suite 1500 13800 Westfair E Dr.
Chris Foley, Vice President Tulsa, OK 74119 Houston, TX 77041
Jessica Foley, Vice President Phone: (918) 592-1133 Phone: (281) 955-2900
Michael Berg, Director – Pipeline Integrity Website: www.select-engineering.com Website: www.stress.com
Sheri Baucom, Director – Integrity Services Annual Revenue: $100 Million
Rick Lide, Director – Program and Audits SIEMENS Contact: Efrain Garcia
Daniel Pate, Director - TaskOp™ Development 15375 Memorial Dr., Suite 700
Rick Gentges, Executive Consultant – Houston, TX 77379 KEY PERSONNEL
Underground Gas Storage Phone: (832) 679-8500 Jack Miller, President
Dwight Johnston, Executive Consultant – Website: www.siemens.com Terry Lechinger, Vice President
Safety Management Systems Chuck Miller, Vice President
Larry Decker, Executive Consultant – SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE Brent Vyvial, Principal/Midstream Practice Lead
Pipeline Engineering Services 6220 Culebra Rd.
San Antonio, TX 78238 CAPABILITIES
CAPABILITIES Phone: (210) 522-2384 Engineering
Engineering Website: www.swri.org Consulting
Project Management Annual Revenue: $580 Million Pipeline Integrity
Consulting Contact: Shane Siebenaler Field Services
GIS Design
Pipeline Integrity KEY PERSONNEL
Environmental Shane Siebenaler, Director – Fluids Engineering/ STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY ASSOCIATES, INC.
Field Services Leak Detection; shane.siebenaler@swri.org; 5215 Hellyer Ave.
210-522-5758 San Jose, CA 95138
ROSEN GROUP Ben White, Manger – Fluid Machinery Services Phone: (408) 978-8200
14120 Interdrive E Adam Hawley, Senior Research Engineer – Website: www.structint.com
Houston, TX 77032 Flow Measurement
Phone: (281) 442-8282 Hector Delgado Garibay, manager – Field Services STV ENERGY SERVICES, INC.
Website: www.rosen-group.com Adam Cobb, Principal Engineer – 205 W Welsh Dr.
Non-Destructive Evaluation Douglassville, PA 19390
CAPABILITIES Jim Dante, Manger – Corrosion Phone: (610) 385-8262
Engineering John Macha, Group Leader – Failure Analysis Website: www.stvinc.com
Project Management Vicky Poenitzsch, Manager – Coatings Contact: Steven N. Sottung
Consulting Joe Crouch, Program Director – Structures
Inspection KEY PERSONNEL
GIS CAPABILITIES Gerald Donnelly PE PEng.,
Pipeline Integrity Engineering Executive Vice President
Field Services R-O-W Christopher Antoni PE PEng., Senior Vice
Consulting President and Energy Operations Manager
S&B ENGINEERS AND CONSTRUCTORS, LTD Inspection Steven Sottung, LEED®, Vice President and
7825 Park Place Blvd. Pipeline Integrity Director of Business Development
Houston, TX 77087 Environmental Brian Woodard PE LEED® AP BD+C, DBIA,
Phone: (713) 645-4141 Field Services Manager of Projects
Website: www.sbec.com Design Joseph Hole PE, Instrumentation & Controls Mgr.
Wendy Schellhamer, LEED® AP,
KEY PERSONNEL SPARTAN ENGINEERING Environmental Services Manager
Media Inquiries: Lindsay Szeszycki; 12345 W Alameda Pkwy., Suite 205
713-845-4269 Lakewood, CO 80228 CAPABILITIES
Sales: John Denis; 281-414-3055 Phone: (303) 658-0358 Engineering
James G. Slaughter Jr., CEO Website: www.spartan-eng.com Project Management
Emeritus & Chairman of the Board Contract Mangement
James W. (Brook) Brookshire, CEO STANTEC CONSULTING Consulting
James D. (J.D.) Slaughter, President 301 N Main St., Suite 2452 Inspection
David Taylor, COO & EVP Winston Salem, NC 27101 GIS
Phone: (661) 885-3105 Pipeline Integrity
CAPABILITIES Website: www.stantec.com Environmental
Engineering Procurement
Project Management STRATEGY ENGINEERING & CONSULTING Field Services
Contract Mangement 1400 Broadfield Blvd., Suite 500 Design
Consulting Houston, TX 77084
Inspection Phone: (832) 617-9000 SURVEYING & MAPING, LLC
GIS Website: www.strategyeng.com 4801 SW Pkwy., Suite 100
Pipeline Integrity Contact: info@strategyeng.com Austin, TX 78735
Procurement Phone: (512) 447-0575
Field Services CAPABILITIES Website: www.sam.biz
Design Engineering
Project Management SWCA ENVIRONMETNAL CONSULTANTS
SAFE ENGINEERING SERVICES Consulting 10245 W Little York Rd., Suite 600
3055 Blvd. des Oiseaux Inspection Houston, TX 77040
Laval, QC H7L 6E8 Canada GIS Phone: (281) 617-3217
Phone: (450) 622-5000 Pipeline Integrity Website: www.swca.com
Website: www.sestech.com Environmental Contact: Scott Urwick
Procurement
Field Services
Design

60 | • November 2019
 Engineering Services Guide
KEY PERSONNEL Jeff Weise, SVP and National Practice Lead CAPABILITIES
National: Integrity Services R-O-W
Scott Urwick, Director Mike LaMont, Director of Pipeline Integrity Svcs. Pipeline Integrity
Gulf Coast: Monique Roberts, Market Director Integrity Svcs. Field Services
Michael Crow, Vice President Rex Schrunk, Integrity Chief Engineer
Brian Mehok, Director Rick Grossman, President – Government Svcs. UNIVERSAL PEGASUS
Texas/Oklahoma: Robin Tomberlin, SVP and National Practice 4848 Loop Central Dr.
Josh Perry, Director Lead Field Services Houston, TX 77081
East: Andy Taylor, Vice President – Survey Services Phone: (713) 425-6000
Mike Tyrrell, Director Phil Schneider, Director of Houston Project Website: www.universalpegasus.com
Becky Weissman, Natural Resources Lead Management & Engineering
Rockies: VERDANTERRA
Amanda Cohen, Senior Project Manager CAPABILITIES 305 S Paterson St.
Rio Franzman, Director Engineering Madison, WI 53703
West: R-O-W Phone: (608) 709-0466
Russell Waldron, Senior Project Manager Project Management Website: www.verdanterra.com
Seth Dallman, Senior Project Manager Consulting
Inspection WILCREST FIELD SERVICES
CAPABILITIES GIS 1500 S Dairy Ashford, Suite 175
Project Management Pipeline Integrity Houston, TX 77077
Consulting Environmental Phone: (281) 200-0210
Inspection Procurement Website: www.wilcrest.com
GIS Field Services
Pipeline Integrity Design WOOD
Environmental 17325 Park Row
TRINITY CONSULTANTS Houston, TX
TEAM INDUSTRIAL SERVICES 12700 Park Central Dr., Suite 2100 Phone: (832) 809-8000
507 W Highplains Rd. Dallas, TX 75251 Website: www.woodplc.com
Hainesville, IL 60073 Phone: (972) 661-8100
Phone: (512) 968-6454 Website: www.trinityconsultants.com WORLEY PARSONS
Contact: Rob Liles 5 Greenway Plaza
THE THRASHER GROUP Houston, TX 77046
PO Box 940, 600 White Oaks Blvd. KEY PERSONNEL Phone: (713) 892-0340
Bridgeport, WV 26330 Christi Wilson, Managing Consultant Website: www.worleyparsons.com
Phone: (800) 273-6541 Kyle Dunn PE, Senior Consultant
Website: www.thrashereng.com Rob Liles, Regional Director ZACHRY GROUP
Shannon Lynn PE, Principal Consultant 527 Longwood
TOLUNAY-WONG ENGINEERS, INC. Tom Musenti PE, Regional Manager San Antonio, TX 78771
10710 S Sam Houston Pkwy. W, Suite 100 Vineet Masuraha, Managing Director Phone: (210) 588-7671
Houston, TX 77031 George Iwaszek, Principal Consultant
Phone: (713) 722-7064 FLUOR ENTERPRISES, INC.
Website: www.tweinc.com CAPABILITIES 1 Fluor Daniel Dr.
Annual Revenue: $50 Million Consulting Sugar Land, TX 77478
Contact: Nick Vastakis Environmental Phone: (281) 263-1000
Website: www.fluor.com
KEY PERSONNEL TULSA INSPECTION RESOURCES Annual Revenue: $19.2 Billion
Nick Vastakis, Vice President Operations & Safety 5727 S Lewis Ave., Suite 300 Contact: Nicole Davies
Daniel Wong PhD PE, Principal Tulsa, OK 74105
Arthur Stephens PE, Executive Vice President Phone: (918) 274-1100 KEY PERSONNEL
Heavy Industrial Group Pierre Bechelany, President –
Patrick Kenney PE, Vice President UNITED PIPING, INC. Energy & Chemicals – LNG & Pipelines
Engineering Services 4510 Airport Rd. Nicole Davies, VP – Business Development &
Douglas Weslow, Vice President – CMT Services Duluth, MN 55711 Sales – LNG & Pipelines
Cheryl Miller, Marketing & Business Development Phone: (218) 727-7676 Les Cherwenuk, Global Pipeline Operations
Website: www.unitedpiping.us Director – Pipelines
CAPABILITIES Contact: Mel Olson
Engineering CAPABILITIES
Environmental KEY PERSONNEL Construction Management
Field Services Mel Olson, CEO and President; Contract Management
mel.olson@unitedpiping.us Design
TRC Josh Purrenhage, Senior Vice President; Engineering
2087 E 71st St. josh.purrenhage@unitedpiping.us Procurement
Tulsa, OK 74136 Joel Bailer, Vice President – Construction; Construction/Engineering
Phone: (918) 496-0400 joel.bailer@unitedpiping.us Construction Mangement Execution
Website: www.trccompanies.com Brandon Lunde, Vice President – Engineering; Facilities Engineering
Contact: Phil LaSusa brandon.lunde@unitedpiping.us Field Services
Mike Villa, Safety Manager; Flow Assurance
KEY PERSONNEL mike.villa@unitedpiping.us Geographic Information System
Phil LaSusa, VP Business Development Oil & Gas; Brent Straub, Director of Business Dev.; Pipeline Engineering
plasusa@trccompanies.com; (412) 402-8928 brent.straub@unitedpiping.us Project Management
Ed Weigele, President – Oil & Gas
Simon Wooler, COO – Oil & Gas

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| 61
Enterprise Extending Acadian
Gas Pipeline System in Louisiana
P&GJ Staff Report

E
nterprise Products Partners said it
is responding to higher demand
for natural gas in the growing Gulf
Coast LNG market by expanding
and extending the Acadian pipeline system
and boosting its capacity through upgrades to
the Mansfield compressor station.
Houston-based Enterprise plans to con-
struct an 80-mile, 1-Bcf/d intrastate pipeline
originating near Cheneyville, Louisiana, on
its Acadian Haynesville Extension to third-
party interconnects near Gillis, including
multiple pipelines serving LNG export facili-
ties in South Louisiana and southeast Texas.
The company also plans to increase
capacity on the extension by adding horse-
power at its Mansfield compressor station in
De Soto Parish.
When completed, the expansion and
extension project will increase the Acadian
system’s capacity by 300 MMcf/d to 2.1
Bcf/d from 1.8 Bcf/d. The project is sup-
ported by long-term customer contracts and
is expected to begin service in mid-2021,
Enterprise said.
“The Haynesville region currently pro-
duces approximately 11 Bcf/d of natu-
ral gas, which is expected to grow to
approximately 14 Bcf/d by 2025,” said A.J.
“Jim” Teague, chief executive officer of
Enterprise’s general partner.
“The expansion and extension of the
Acadian system enhances our capability to
link supply to some of the most attractive
markets in the U.S.” Teague said. “Once
this project is completed, our Acadian sys-
tem will be able to deliver a total of 2.1
Bcf/d of Haynesville production into the
LNG market, South Louisiana industrial
complex and other interconnects that serve
attractive southeastern U.S. markets.”
The Legacy Acadian and Haynesville
Extension pipelines are part of the Acadian
Gas Pipeline System, which is comprised
of approximately 1,300 miles of natural
gas pipelines. It links natural gas supplies
in Louisiana and offshore Gulf of Mexico
with local distribution companies, electric
utility plants and industrial customers
located primarily in the Baton Rouge/New
Orleans/Mississippi River corridor area.
Enterprise’s 357-mile Haynesville Gathering
System, which has a capacity of 1.3 Bcf/d and
can treat up to 810 MMcf/d of natural gas,
provides a significant source of supply for the
Acadian system.

United States Postal Service

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g. Copies Not Distributed: 781, 777
h. Total: 23,908, 20,730
i. Percent Paid and/or Requested Circulation: 97.9%, 96.6%
16. Electronic Copy Circulation: (Average; Actual)
a. Requested and Paid Electronic Copies: 8,816, 11,742
b. Total Requested and Paid Print Copies (Line 15c) + Requested/Paid
Electronic Copies: 31,459, 31,025
c. Total Requested Copy Distribution (Line 15f) + Requested/Paid
Electronic Copies: 31,943, 31,695
d. Percent Paid and/or Requested Circulation: 99.48%, 97.89%

62 | • November 2019

PGJ1119_SOO19.indd 1 10/16/2019 7:26:23 AM


United Electric Controls
United Electric Controls offers a wire-
less gas detector that can reduce the cost
of added leak-monitoring points by more
than 50%. The Vanguard detector commu-
nicates using WirelessHART technology,
which is currently the industry’s dominant
non-proprietary wireless communication
protocol. Vanguard’s field-interchangeable
gas sensor modules detect methane (CH4),
hydrogen sulfide (H2S) or carbon monox-
ide (CO). Data such as gas concentration,
battery life and calibration are transmitted
from the detector and integrated seam-
lessly with existing supervisory control
and data acquisition (SCADA) or asset
management (AMS) systems. Signals travel
via WirelessHART to the gateway and com-
monly used Modbus and Ethernet commu-
nications. www.ueonline.com
Novarc Technologies
Novarc Technologies offers the Spool
Welding Robot (SWR), a collaborative
welding robot that increases productivity
on the shop floor and reduces costs for the
pipe shop while significantly improving the
weld quality. It is capable of storing and
quickly recounting weld data and videos
for accurate shop analysis and statistical
reporting. With an air-operated manipulator,
the welding arm can move anywhere in its
15-foot reach. It can weld a spool of up to
30 feet long. The arm can be moved down
to weld 4-inch pipes at close to 3 o’clock
or moved up to weld 48-inch pipes at close
to 12 o’clock. SWR comes with Lincoln’s
PowerWave R500, PowerWave STT® mod-
ule, Cool Arc® water cooler and AutoDrive
wire feeder. www.novarctech.com
Dräger
Dräger released its X-pid 8500 portable
gas measurement device to the U.S. market.
The gas chromatography-photoionization
detector (GC-PID) allows selective mea-
surement analysis of pre-determined com-
pounds, such as benzene and butadiene,
providing results in as little as 30 seconds.
plifies the roll-out of more versatile distributed control architectures containing field
equipment such as software-configured I/O, IIoT networking and PLCs. Because of the
electronic devices used, some form of cooling may also be required. This can be done
with conventional fans; however, the temperature stability of the boxes makes it pos-
sible to exploit passive cooling techniques. www.intertec.info
The device allows detection and record-
ing of 19 toxic target compounds with the
push of a button. In addition, users can add
substances to the target compound database
that would allow for detection. The X-pid
8500 includes a streamlined version of gas
chromatography analysis that is tradition-
ally conducted in the laboratory and reduces
operating costs. www.draeger.com
Jet-Vac
Jet-Vac Technologies offers shell and tube
type heat exchangers and condensers, along
with barometric
devices. Both
types are used
to reduce con-
densable com-
ponents from the
process stream.
These systems
range from 4-inch to 60-inch diameters.
The parts are manufactured in carbon steel,
300 Series grade stainless steel, Duplex
Alloy 2205, Hastelloy B&C and titanium.
The technologies are certified by ASME
and The National Board of Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Inspectors for U-Pressure
Vessels Div. 1, U2-Pressure Vessels Div.
2 and R-Repair. The company also holds
a China manufacturer’s license and has
a Korean high-pressure gas certificate.
www.jetvactechnologies.com
Avanti
Avanti International added the AV-500
Epoxy line to its portfolio of injection
WHAT’S NEW
in Products & Services
Intertec
Intertec Instrumentation launched a
range of tough field enclosures for hous-
ing remote I/O and other control and
instrumentation electronics, featuring
compact passive cooling to dramatically
reduce costs of ownership. The enclosures
help eliminate the need for large satellite
instrument houses or remote instrument
enclosures, which often need to be air-
conditioned and blast- and fire-resistant.
Made of glass-fiber reinforced polyester
materials, the enclosures are dust- and
waterproof. The enclosure concept sim-
solutions used to stabilize soils and rock,
restore structural integrity and stop leaks.
Additionally, the AV-502 Series formula
developed for structural concrete repair
by crack injection, gravity feed or patch-
ing. It can be used as a liquid binder to
patch or resurface damaged concrete slabs.
This material may be used to repair rigid
construction materials. Available in low
(LV), mid-range (MV) and high viscosity
(HV) versions, The AV-502 Series meets the
requirements of ASTM C 881 or AASHTO
M-235 (Types I, Grade 2, Class C).
www.avantigrout.com
Exact Tools
Exact Tools launched its latest portable
pipe-cutting innovations for the Pro Series
280 and 360 models. Standard features
include a 2,500-watt, 230-volt motor that
can cut pipe wall thicknesses of 20 mm
in steel and up to 50 mm in plastic. 110-
120 volt versions are also available with
a 2,200-watt motor fitted as standard. A
laser indicator light for precision cutting,
new improved adjustment mechanism for
straight-cutting and an overload protec-
tion “traffic light” system is included. The
Pro Series meets the demands of steel,
stainless steel cast/ductile iron and plas-
tics. www.exacttools.com
www.pgjonline.com
| 63
World Petroleum Congress
Announces Presenting Sponsors
P&GJ Staff Report
T
he 23rd World Petroleum
Congress, which is coming to both
Houston and the United States for
the first time since 1987, unveiled
From left: Houston Mayor Sylvester Turner, Linda Padon of Chevron, Cindy WPC Organizing
Yielding of BP, Uwem Ukpong of Baker Hughes, Gerbert Schoonman of
Hess, Peggy Kostial of Accenture, Andrew Roberts of ConocoPhillips, Pinar
Yilmaz of ExxonMobil, Galen Cobb of Halliburton and Jeff Shellebarger, ate an environ-
chairman of the World Petroleum Congress Organizing Committee.
TECHNOTES
Product Development
Allseas Installs Real-Time Pipelogger for
Major Subsea Pipeline Project
llseas installed WFS Technologies’
new Seatooth Pipelogger for the
real-time measurement of pro-
cess temperature on a subsea
pipeline system. The pipeline system is
64 | • November 2019
its presenting sponsors on Oct. 2 during a
breakfast event in the host city.
Those 10 companies are Chevron,
Halliburton, Accenture, Hess Corporation,
ExxonMobil,
BP, Qatar
Petroleum, Baker
Hughes, Saudi
Aramco and
ConocoPhillips.
“The global
perspectives and
wealth of expe-
rience of this
impressive group
of industry lead-
ers will help the
Committee to cre-
ment that encour-
designed to have a total gas throughput
capacity of 31.5 Bcm per year.
WFS Technologies’ Pipelogger is a real-
time, wireless technology which requires lit-
tle maintenance and can operate at depths of
up to 1.24 miles (2,000 meters) without the
need for periodic ROV inspection, contribut-
ing significantly toward reducing operating
cost, while monitoring process condition to
optimize gas delivery parameters.
The new Mark III generation of
Pipeloggers feature a hot-swappable sensor
configuration as well as the capability to
create subsea cloud networks for real-time
analytics at the edge.
WFS Technologies is an industry pioneer of
the Subsea Internet of Things (SIoT) devices.
“By combining our proven Seatooth
technology with the ability to hot-swap
components, we are able to future-proof the
ages discussions on the challenges and
opportunities of the oil and gas industry from
varying viewpoints,” said Jeff Shellebarger,
chairman, WPC Organizing Committee.
The event, which takes place Dec. 6-20,
2020, is held every three years and will
feature about 700 presenters, 16 CEO
roundtables and 23 technical forums, the
organizers said.
“As the energy capital of the world,
the city of Houston is honored to host
the 23rd World Petroleum Congress, said
Mayor Sylvester Turner. “We have a
global profile that makes us uniquely
qualified to host the event.”
This announcement marks a milestone
for the WPC Organizing Committee as it
signifies the commitment of these leading
companies to host the 23rd World Petroleum
Congress and sets the stage for collaboration
as preparations progress.
installation by enabling the simple addition
of capability as the requirement emerges,”
said Commercial Director Moray Melhuish.
“This can include ultrasonic flow, vibra-
tion, cathodic protection status, ultrasonic
thickness and met ocean conditions, as well
as the initial requirement – in this case, the
monitoring of process temperature.”
The Seatooth PipeLogger is a wireless,
subsea device designed to deploy multiple
sensors and devices on subsea pipelines,
trees, risers and manifolds.
According to WFS, it is a cost-effective
alternative to hard-wired systems for pro-
duction, flow and asset integrity monitoring
and calibration. WFS’ patented Seatooth
technology supports two-way communica-
tions through seawater, seabed, concrete
coating, ice and the splash zone.
 BUSINESS
Personnel Changes, Association News, Mergers & Acquisitions
People in the News
Pacific Gas and Electric
Company (PG&E) an-
nounced that vice presi-
dent of Human Resources,
Mary King, will also
serve as the company’s
chief diversity officer,
King overseeing the company’s
diversity and inclusion efforts. King, an
attorney and West Point graduate, joined
PG&E 10 years ago in Labor Relations.
She was previously at Calpine and India-
napolis Power and Light.
Matador Resources ap-
pointed Monika U. Eh-
rman to its Board of Di-
rectors. A professor at the
University of Oklahoma’s
College of Law, she also
serves as an adjunct asso-
Ehrman ciate professor of Energy
Management at its Price
College of Business and as faculty direc-
tor of its Oil & Gas, Natural Resources,
and Energy Center. She started her career
as a petroleum engineer before practicing
oil and gas law at an international firm
and as in-house counsel for two oil and
gas companies.
Columbia Gas of Ken-
tucky named Kimra H.
Cole as its president and
chief operating officer, re-
placing the retiring Her-
bert A. Miller Jr. Cole has
served in various leader-
Cole ship roles in marketing,
engineering and operations during her 22
years with Columbia Gas of Kentucky and
NiSource. She also served as director of En-
gineering for the Kentucky Public Service
Commission and as commissioner of Gener-
al Services for the Lexington-Fayette Urban
County Government.
Prumo Logística announced that José
Firmo was named CEO of Porto do Açu
Operações, the Prumo subsidiary that op-
erates and manages the Port of Açu, in São
João da Barra.
International energy
consultancy Xodus Group
appointed Stephen Rivers
as Subsea & Pipelines man-
ager for Asia-Pacific as the
company targets strategic
growth and new projects in
Rivers the region. His past roles
have included engineering
director for Peritus International Pty Ltd
and senior vice president for INTECSEA
for Australia and New Zealand.
Tierra Energy of Calgary appointed
Tony Berthelet as chief operating officer.
Berthelet was the president and CEO of
Strategic Oil and Gas Ltd.
Venturo named Brant
Steele as sales territory
manager in the Southeast
United States. In his new
role, Steele will serve
crane customers across
Steele the region.
Companies in the News  engineer and selling coating for pipelines.
Energy recruitment firm MDE Group of
Norway announced it will consolidate its
position in the North Sea through the open-
ing of an Aberdeen office and the appoint-
ment of Zander Thornton as its first regional
manager in Scotland. Thornton, a specialist
in technical recruitment and energy business
development, previously was with Global
Energy Group and Navitas International
Solutions, which he co-founded.
Gulfstream Services International
(GSI), an offshore equipment and engi-
neered solutions provider, also has
announced its continued growth with a
move into new Aberdeen headquarters. The
firm expanded into an 8,000-square-foot
workshop with a team of 15, where it
will manufacture and deliver edge equip-
ment with a continuing focus on North Sea
decommissioning activity. GSI said it has
invested $3.7 million (£3 million) into its
stock of rental equipment available from
the Aberdeen base, including shearing and
grappling technology.
Associations in the News   GTI announced it has a new virtual real-
The Interstate Natural Gas Association
of America (INGAA) announced Nichole
Francis Reynolds joined the associa-
tion’s leadership team as vice president of
Government and Public Affairs. Francis
Reynolds joins INGAA from Mastercard,
where she served as vice president of Public
Policy & Community Relations. Prior to
Mastercard, she spent 10 years in a variety
of leadership positions on Capitol Hill.
Obituaries
Rita Tubb
Former Pipeline & Gas Journal editor
Maretta Faye Tubb, commonly known as
Rita, died Sept. 27 at age 80.
Tubb spent 21 years on the staff at P&GJ
in the roles of managing editor and execu-
tive editor before retiring in 2016. She pre-
viously was on the editorial
staff of McGraw Hill, where
she helped launch Offshore
Construction magazine,
after serving more than 20
years as managing editor of
Ocean Industry. Tubb
Jack Maki
Oil and gas businessman Alfred John
“Jack” Maki, 74, died at his home in
Houston surrounded by his family after an
illness. Maki’s career spanned over 50 years
with stints working as a corrosion coating
Maki was born in Brockton, Mass. to Alfred
and Margaret (Rounds) Maki. He attended
Abington High School, Suffolk University and
served in the Navy Reserves.
GTI Training Module
Prepares Gas Leak Responders
ity training module available for use by
natural gas leak emergency first responders.
The module addresses activities that util-
ity and fire department personnel might
face – such as investigating a leak, identify-
ing and eliminating ignition sources, secur-
ing the location, evacuation, ventilation and
communicating with emergency personnel.
“GTI supports the energy industry in
many ways, and training is a critical part
of what we offer,” says Ray Deatherage,
GTI senior program manager for Energy
Delivery. “I’m excited about how this
enhanced learning tool will help prepare
the next generation of field personnel.”
It was developed with PIXO VR with
funding from Operations Technology
Development (OTD).
www.pgjonline.com
| 65
P&GJ BUSINESS CARD DIRECTORY

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P&GJ BUSINESS CARD DIRECTORY

CCI Piping Systems Davis Directional Drilling L.L.C.

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 P&GJ BUSINESS CARD DIRECTORY

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| 73
ADVERTISER’S INDEX
Index provided as a courtesy to readers. While every effort is made to compile accurate listings, publisher assumes no responsibility for errors.

Above Ground Markers.Com LLC
www.AboveGroundMarker.com...................................................... 66
Airport Windsock Corp, www.airportwindsocks.com .............70
Allan Edwards Co’S, www.allanedwards.com ........................... 66
American Pipeline Solution, www.americanpipelinesolutions.com 70
Aptus Group Usa, LLC, www.GoAptus.com ................................23
Archrock, www.archrock.com........................................................13
Armor Plate Inc, www.armorplateinc.com ................................ 40
Auma Riester Gmbh & Co. Kg, www.auma-usa.com ...............47
Bishop Lifting Products, www.Lifting.com ................................ 66
BKW, www.bkwinc.com ............................................................67, 69
Brad Bean, www.b3pe.com............................................................. 71
Brandt Industries Canada Ltd., www.brandt.ca ........................ 43
Burns & McDonnell, www.burnsmdc.com/PGJuncover ..........3
Canline Pipeline Solutions, www.canline.ca ............................. 69
CCI Piping Systems, www.ccipipe.com ...................................... 68
Coastal Corrosion Control Inc, www.Coastalcorrosion.com 72
Cross Country Infrastructure, www.CrossCountryIS.com ..... 69
E N R General Machining Co, www.ENRHotTap.com ............. 69
E-Z Line Pipe Support Co., Inc., www.ezline.com ....................19
Eagle Infrastructure Services, www.Eagle-Infra.com...............57
Enduro Pipeline Svcs, www.enduropls.com.......................... OBC
Energy Web Atlas, www.EnergyWebAtlas.com ..........................33
Entegra LLP, www.entegrasolutions.com ..................................... 7
EPCON Partner Inc., www.epconpartners.com.........................55
Geo Corr, www.geocorr.com ......................................................... 71
Harding Directional Drilling, www.hardingdrilling.com ......... 71
Heaman Pipe Bending, Inc., www.heaman.com.......................67
Heath Consultants, Inc., www.heathus.com ..............................70
International Corrosion Control, www.Rustrol.com ................70
Kiene Diesel, www.kienediesel.com ............................................ 69
Komatsu America Corp, www.komatsuamerica.com .............. 17
KS Energy Svcs Inc, www.ksenergyservices.com ......................72
McElroy Mfg Inc, www.mcelroy.com............................................72
Mesa Products Inc, www.mesaproducts.com............................70
Meter Engineers Inc., www.meterengineers.com.................... 66
Pigs Unlimited International, Inc., www.pigsunlimited.com . 11
Pipeline Equipt Inc, www.pipelineequipment.com/measurement .. 71
Pipeline Pigging Products Inc, www.pipepigs.com..................67
Pipetel Technology Inc, www.pipetelone.com/works-here IBC
PLH Group Inc, www.plhgroupinc.com ......................................21
Polyguard Products, Inc., www.polyguard.com........................27
PPSA, www.ppsa-online.com .........................................................22
Price Gregory International, Inc., www.pricegregory.com ....24
Project Piping Solutions, www.projectpipingsolutions.com ....67
Rosen Swiss Ag, www.rosen-group.com .................................. IFC
Safeway Environmental Services, www.maxflighthelomi.com67
Southern Gas Association, www.southerngas.org .................. 68
Steel Etc, www.steeletc.com...........................................................67
Subscription, www.pgj-online.com ..............................................75
Tech Products Inc, www.techproducts.com ..............................70
Triple D Bending, www.pipebending.com ................................. 68
Troy Constr, www.troyconstruction.com ....................................73

D.C.I., www.davcorpipelinerollers.com .......................................70 Michels Corporation, www.MichelsCareers.us..........................25 Tulsa Gas Technologies, www.tulsagastech.com .................... 66

Darby Equipment Company, www.darbyequip.com .................5 Midwestern Contractors, www.midwesterncontractors.com36 U S Pipeline Inc, www.uspipeline.com ....................................... 20

Davis Directional Drilling, www.davisdirectionaldrilling.com68 Midwestern Manufacturing Co., www.sidebooms.com ......... 45 Underground Construction Technology, www.UCTonline.com29
Denso North America, www.densona.com ................................15 Outlaw Padding Company, www.outlawpadding.com.......... 68 Weamco, www.weamco.com......................................................... 71
Diversified Energy, www.diversifiedenergy.us ...........................73 OZ Directional Drilling, www.ozdirectionaldrilling.com........ 62 Weldbend Corp, www.weldbend.com .......................................8-9
Dualco, www.dualco-inc.co ...........................................................67 PGJ Webcast................................................................................ 46, 52 WM. L. Riggs Co., Inc., www.flangespreader.com.................... 66

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 EXECUTIVE PROFILE
Exclusive P&GJ Staff Report

United Piping Dealing with

Unplanned Pipeline Outages

G
rowing up in rural Michigan, Joel Bailer, vice president of Construction at Duluth, Minn.-
based United Piping Inc., remembers frequently seeing line markers along the road.
People would say “That’s the pipeline,” he recalls. “We didn’t think much of it, never
realizing the amount of infrastructure that was there. I would have never guessed that years later I’d
be able to pick them out and know who the oil or gas company was by their line markers.”
Bailer was introduced to the oil industry when his twin brother, who had just started in the industry,
called from Wyoming and said the company he worked for was looking for help. The only thing he
knew about this type of work at the time was that it paid well.
“I took my Rand McNally and headed west (GPS wasn’t a thing yet),” he said. “That’s the short of it.”
Over the years, Bailer said, he has seen some of the hardest working, dedicated people that all
have the same goal of helping keep these industries up and running – all of them very different but
connected at the same time.
Recently, he spoke with PGJ specifically about repairing unplanned pipeline outages.
Joel Bailer

PGJ: What specific cause of unplanned
pipeline outages provides the most diffi-
culty to repair?
Bailer: Well, I think there are two that
stand out. One would be when the public
unknowingly encounters a pipeline. These
assets go unnoticed to most of the public.
In the past we have been on calls where a
company or farmer has been tilling fields
for drainage and inadvertently came into
contact with a line. This is very dangerous
but avoidable.
Many of the pipelines that we help main-
tain have been in the ground for years and
have supplied energy with little to no issue.
They are out of sight and out of mind, but
they are there. These days with GPS and
As-Built drawings, there is solid information
about where the lines are.
The second cause of an unplanned out-
age would have to be from a defect in the
line. This could have been there for years,
or even from installation. This is where the
maintenance of these lines is so important.
What makes repair more difficult is usually
logistics.
Getting the right people and machinery
on the ground as quickly and safely as
possible is an effort by everyone at United
Piping. Along with that, good communica-
tion with the oil and gas companies so the
correct materials needed to make the repairs
is extremely important.
PGJ: Are you ever involved in emer-
gency efforts, such as work done in and
around reported natural gas leaks?
Bailer: UPI has the capability to
respond to all pipeline emergencies. With
offices and yards in several states, we can
assist with everything from replacements
to clean-ups.
PGJ: What causes of unplanned out-
ages do you feel would be the easiest to
prevent, and how should the operator go
about doing so?
Bailer: Public knowledge of where
lines lay would help. Being proactive and
getting the correct information out to land-
owners would be a start. Calling 811 for
location services, prior to digging or doing
anything with underground utilities, is the
number one thing that homeowners and
contractors should do.
If you look at news feeds, you typically
only see information when there is an issue
with a pipeline, never how it helps the com-
munities where these operators have assets.
PGJ: Can you cite one or two of your
“most challenging” fixes for unplanned
outages? What made them difficult (dense
population, terrain, weather, etc.)
Bailer: Any time that you are out in the
public domain is challenging. You always
have the onlookers and with social media
these days the information gets out very
quickly, even if it’s the wrong information.
Another is just the difficulty of working
in the winter. The ground is frozen, pumps
are frozen, everything is slowed down.
Your hands can only work in the weather
for short periods of time and need to be
protected from the elements, as well as the
ongoing construction.
PGJ: Are there any pieces of new equip-
ment or technological advances that become
available in the last few years that make
your work less difficult or safer?
Bailer: There are advancements every
year with scanning equipment. From remote
vehicles that have the ability to drive them-
selves and view the inside of a pipe to the
new scanners that show the stress on sec-
tions of piping. All are helping move the
industry forward.
Pipeline construction as a whole has
really focused on increased safety for all
employees. Our most important assets are
our friends and family that work in this
industry.

76 | • November 2019
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