208

Combined footing is a special case of spread footing. Combined footing are used if columns are so
close to the property line that single column footings cannot be made without projecting that line
and if some adjacent columns are so close to each other that their footing would merge. In designing a
combined footing the resultants of column loads must coincide to the centroid of the footing area to
prevent eccentricity. Depth is usually based on either wide beam shear or diagonal punch
tension. First criteria, determine d based on wide beam shear with d obtained checked diagonal
tension for three conditions:

1) 3 side zone column one

2) 4 side zone column two P1 P2

3) 3 side zone column two ⇩ ⇩

SECTION
d ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

soil pressure Lbs/Ft. soil pressure Lbs/Ft

F1 F2

Lc

PLAN
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SUMMARY STEPS
1) Determine column loads appropriate for considerations of settlements. These consist of dead
loads plus only a portion of live load specified for design of column.

2) Using the resultant of the loads in step one, select the plan dimension of the footing to obtain a
uniform soil pressure that does not exceed the pressure appropriate for this condition of loading.

3) Using the column load specified in the building code (without load factors) and the plan dimensions
determined in step two, calculate the corresponding soil pressure. If the maximum soil pressure
under this loading exceeds the value considered appropriate for this condition of loading , the
width of the footing must be increased whereas the position of the centroid must remain unchanged.

4) Compute the soil pressure beneath the footing corresponding to the column loads multiply
by appropriate load factors.

5) Draw shear and moment diagrams for the footing when it is subjected to the maximum of
step four.

6) Using step five as the basis for design, determine the depth of the footing and the necessary
amount of reinforcing steel at appropriate locations.

MATHEMATICAL STEPS FOR THE FORMULATION OF PROGRAM NO 19

*** Please refer to chapter 3 or chapter 4 for formula derivations

1) Depth of stress rectangular block is given as a = 144d2 – 2.61M/Fc/12

where d is the depth of footing, M is the moment in Inch Kips and Fc is the cylinder strength
of concrete at ultimate.

2) development bond i.e. for compression bars

ld = 0,02fydbfc’ or 0.0003fydb or 8 “

ld = 0,24 fydbfc’ or 0.044fydb or 200 mm where Ab area of bar in In2 or mm2

fy Yield strength of steel. PSI or MPa db bar diameter in or mm

fc 28 day compressive strength of concrete, P.S.I. or MPa vu =

 210

Programmer/Designer/ Structural Engineer : Bienvenido C. David Date: Jan

19, 1970 PRC NO: 10170

DESCRIPTION: Design Of Combined Footing By U.S.D. format

SUBJECT: Reinforced Concrete Design (USD ALTERNATIVE 1983 ACI

Code)
TITLE: Design Of Combined Footing CODE NAME: FOOT COMB

MACHINE LANGUAGE : T.I. BASIC COMPUTER: T.I. 99/4A Texas

Instruments Program steps: 133
LIBRARY MODULE: Floppy Disk PROGRAM NAME: FOOT COMB
PTR NO: 3046269 at Baguio City 01/09/1984

P1 P2
⇩ L ⇩
SECTION
d
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

SOIL PRESSURE SOIL PRESSURE

P1 P2
Lc

B PLAN

F1 F2
 211

SHEAR DIAGRAM

MOMENT DIAGRAM
REFERENCE TEXTBOOKS: Foundation Design By Soil Mechanics In
Foundation Analysis & Gregory Chebotariof Engineering Practice By
Design By Joseph Bowles Charles B. Peck
PROGRAM DISCLAIMER: Any use of the programs to solve problems other than those
displayed is the role responsibility of the user as to whether the output is correct or correctly
interpreted.

My first generation home computer

FOOT COMB Is a computer program that sizes and designs a Combined Footing by US.D.
analysis in English units. Computer finds the dimensions L & B, determines shear and moment
 212

equation and plots on the monitor screen shear & moment equation. Computer solves the
depth of footing for both wide beam and checks the depth d obtained for diagonal tension.
Draw negative steel between column one and two. Designs steel reinforcement in short
direction in accordance with the A.C.I. code of 1977 and checks steel reinforcement ratio
within A.C.I. code allowable. Checks bearing pressure on top of footing and the required
development length in feet all in close conformity with A.C.I. code of 1977. The program is
written in advance basica language and can be feed to programmable calculators, personal
computers. Can be easily incorporated to the E. REVIEW CENTRE OF UC – BCF.
BASIC COMPUTER SYMBOLS
+ ADDITION ^ RAISED TO THE POWER
- SUBTRACTION SQR SQUARE ROOT OF THE NUMBER
MULTIPLICATION * GOTO = JUMP LINE NUMBER

\ DIVISION GO SUB = GO SUB ROUTINE

A.B.S ABSOLUTE VALUE SGN = SIGNUM NOTATION
If true branch out

Branch out IF THEN ELSE STATEMENT

Main program
If false

COMPUTER INSTRUCTION CODE

LINE STATEMENT SAMPLE ONLY FOR DE-

NO BUGGING PURPOSES
5 CALL CLEAR
10 PRINT” This is design of Combined Footing by U.S.D.
method in English units using the 1983 A.C.I. code”
15 PRINT “ This program was developed by Bienvenido C.
David a Civil/Structural Engineer on September 1984
in Baguio City”
20 PRINT” For legends and other data’s please see
drawing and computer program record”
25 PRINT “All units of length in feet, material strength
specifications in kips per square inch, dimensions of
column in inches, dead load and live load in kips and
soil allowable pressure in kips per square foot”
30 PRINT” If all data’s are in their consistent units then
run line no 60”
50 STOP
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60 REM Find footing dimensions step one

65 INPUT”W1,W2”:W1,W2 12” 15”
70 INPUT”DL1,DL2,LL1,LL2QA,LC”: DL1,DL2,LL1,LL2QA,LC Example only DL1=60K,
DL2=110K,LL1=60K,LL2=90K,
QA =2,LC=15 Ft
75 INPUT’FC.FY:FC,FY 3 Ksi , 60 ksi
80 P1 =1.4*DL1+1.7*LL1 186 Kips
85 P2 =1.4*DL2+1.7*LL2 307 Kips
90 P = DL1+DL2+LL1+LL2 320 Kips
95 UR =(P1+P2)/F 1.54
100 QU = QA*UR 3.08
105 P3 = P1+P2 493Kips
130 X = P2*LC/P3 9.341 Ft
140 L = (X+W1/24)*2 19.682 Ft
141 REM Note for value of L round to integer no
145 PRINT “Length of footing in Feet=”;L;”Feet”
150 B = P3/(L*QU) 8.13 Ft
155 PRINT “W width of footing =”;B;”Feet”
160 Y = L/B 2.417
165 REM Determine moment equation by integration
180 QB = QU*B 25.05
190 V = QB*X
200 VM = P1
210 VCW = 7.74125*FC^.5 13.4K.S.F
220 D = VM/(VCW*B+QB) 1.39 Ft
225 PRINT “Depth of footing =”;d;”Feet” 1.39 Ft
230 REM Check D obtained for diagonal tension
240 C = (24*D+3*W1)/12 5.78 Ft
250 A = (W1+6*D)*(W1+12*D)/144 4.05 Square Ft
260 VD = P1-A*QU
270 VCD = 15.48251*FC^.5 26.8 KS.F
280 VC = VD/(C+D) 21.63 K.S.F
290 REM Check shear stresses at column 2
300 A2 = (W2+12*D)^2/144 6.96
310 V2 = P2-A2*QU 285.6 K
320 C2 = 4*(W2+12*D)/3 10.56
330 V3 = V2/(C2*D) 19.4 K.S.F
340 PRINT “Actual shear stress at column one=”;VC;”KSF”
360 PRINT “Actual shear stress at column two=”;V3;”KSF”
365 PRINT “Allowable shear stress from code=”;VCD;”KSF” VC =21.63,V3=19.40 &VCD
=26.80
370 PRINT” Compare actual shear stress from code stress”
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400 STOP
410 REM Design of negative steel between column one
and two

420 INPUT”P2,VM,FC,FY”: P2,VM,FC,FY 307,186,3,60

430 INPUT”QB,B,L,D,W1,W2”:QB,B,L,D,W1,W2 QB
=25.05,B=8.13Ft,L=19.682Ft,
D=1.39’Ft,W1=12
Inch,W2=15Inch
440 X =VN/QB 7.425 Ft
450 M1 = 12*(QB/2*X^2-VM*(X-W1/24) -7170.468 Inch kips
460 MU = ABS(M1) 7170.468
470 M – MU
480 GOSUB 710
490 ASL = B*AST 1.043
500 PRINT” Total no of bars required in long
direction=”ASL;”Square Inch”
510 REM Design of steel in long direction
520 L1 =(W1+9*D)/12 2.04 Ft
530 QC = VM/(L1*B) 11.38 Ft
540 LU = = (B-W1/12)/2 3.565 Ft
550 M2 = QC/2*LU^2*12 867.78588
560 M = M2
570 GOSUB 710
580 ASW = L1*AST 8.47 Square Inch
590 PRINT” Total area of steel reinforcements in short
direction=”;AST;”Square Inches”
595 PRINT” Select from tables appropriate size and bar no
then type continue and press enter to resume
running”
600 BREAK
605 REM Design of steel in short direction column two
610 L2 = (W2+18*D)/12 3.335
620 L3 = (B-W2/12)/2 3.46
630 QD = P2/(L2*B) 11.56
640 M3 = 6*QD*L3^2 830.35 Inch Kips
650 M = M3
660 GOSUB 710
670 ASS = L2*AST
680 PRINT” Total area of steel reinforcements in square
inches at column two=”ASS;”Square Inches”
685 PRINT””Select from tables appropriate bar size and
no. then type continue and press enter to resume
 215

running”
690 BREAK
700 STOP
705 REM A sub routine one Computation of steel areas
710 IF (144*D^2-2.61*M/(FC*12))<0 THEN 715 ELSE 730
715 PRINT “Depth of stress rectangular block is imaginary
not possible review given data”
720 RETURN
725 STOP
730 A = 12*D-SQR(144*D^2-2.61*M/(FC*12))
735 AS = M/(0.90*FY*(12*D-A/2))
740 P = AS/(144*D)
750 PN = 0.2/FY
755 IF P>=PN THEN 770
760 IF P<PN THEN 790
770 AS1 = AS
780 GOSUB 800
790 AS1 = 144*D*PN
800 AST = AS1
810 RETURN
820 STOP
890 REM Computation of development length
900 LA = LU*12-3 39.79 Inches
905 PRINT” Select bar diameter in inches”:DB 0.785 Inch
910 LB = 1.2649*3.1416/4*DB^2*FY/FC^.5 26.29 Inches
*** Note simplifying further line no 910
910 LB = 0.99345246*DB^2/FC^.5
920 LC = 0.4*DB*FY 21 Inches
930 IF LA>LB THEN 960
940 IF LB>LC THEN 990
950 GOTO 1010
960 IF LA>LC THEN 970
970 LD = LA
980 GOTO 1020
990 LD = LB
1000 GOTO 1020
1010 LD = LC
1020 LE = LD
1025 PRINT “Development length=”;LE;”Inches”
1030 FC1 = 0.85*0.7*FC 1.785
1040 PC1 = W1^2*FC1 257
1045 PRINT “Actual load on top of footing=”;PC1;”Kips”
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1050 PRINT” Allowable load from code=”;FC1;’Kips”

1055 PRINT” Compare PC1 and FC1”
1060 AG1 = 0.005*W1^2 0.72 Square Inch
1070 PRINT “Area of dowels required=”AG1;”Square Inch”
1075 A2 = W2^2 225
1090 A3 = (W2+48*D)^2 6678
1100 A4 = (A3/A2)^.5 5.448
1120 IF A4=>2 THEN 1140 ELSE 1160
1140 G=2
1150 GOTO 1170
1160 G = A4
1170 FC2 = 0.85*0.70*G*FC 3.57 K.S.I
1180 PC2 = W2^2*FC2 803.25 Kips
1190 PRINT’ Allowable load on top of footing at column two 3.57
as per code requirement=”FC2;”KSI”
1195 PRINT” Compare value of PC2 and FC2 make revision if
necessary”
1200 END