Final Thesis

Gas Leakage Controller System
BY
Kanwal Manzoor
2014-GCWUF-2181
Habiba
2014-GCWUF-2202
Project Report submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of
BACHELOR
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE
FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

GOVT. COLLAGE WOMEN UNIVERSITY
FAISALABAD PAKISTAN
August 2018
DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the contents of the thesis, “Gas Leakage Controller System” is product
of our own research and no part has been copied from any published source (except the references,
standard mathematical and genetic models/ equations/ formula/ protocols etc.). I further declare
that this work has not been submitted for award of any diploma/ degree. The university may take
action if the information provided is found inaccurate at any stage (in case of default the scholar
will be proceeded against as per HEC plagiarism policy.
Kanwal Manzoor Habiba
2014-GCWUF-2181 2014-GCWUF-2202
The Controller of Examination
The members of the Supervisory Committee find the thesis submitted by KANWAL MANZOOR
Registration No. 2014-GCWUF-2181 and HABIBA Registration No. 2014-GCWUF-2181
satisfactory and recommend that it be processed for evaluation by the External Examiner(s) for the
award of degree.
Chairperson: Ms. Saher Hussnain

Incharge
Dept. of Computer science GCWUF
Supervisory Committee:
Supervisor: Ms. Saher Hussnain

Lecturer
Dept. of Computer Science GCWUF
Member 1: Ms. Zunaira Sattar

Assistant Professor
Dept. of Information Technology GCWUF
Member 2: Ms. Saira Nosheen

Lecturer
Dept. of Computer science GCWUF
Abstract
There is a rapid development in technology which influencing the human life in several aspects
due to rapid development in different fields but we still need to adopt that technology such that we
can make human life easier to live. Now-a-days big problem in our houses and industrials areas
are to Leakage of Gas any time. This problem can be overcome by our system. A Smart Gas
Leakage Detection System is used to sort out all your problems associated with gas Leakage. It
will inform you through buzzer and SMS by using GSM module, Gas leakage if any time SMS
can be sent to the user when the gas level increase. If gas leakage is detected it will beep the buzzer
display message on LCD send message to user to inform about the situation and immediately turn
off the regulator which is most dangers for producing the spark leads to gas connection blast and
also it is indicated by LED to prevent fire accident. PIR sensor detect the motion of a person if
anyone have around the system. If the Gas Leakage smell increase in the air then we can ON the
exhaust fan to decrease the concentration in the air by using android App. We can also find out the
exact location of Gas wiring. This system helps you to upgrade your safety standards, comply
statutory requirements on environmental commitments and most important and basic function
being prevent accidents and protect life and property from disaster.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1
1.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………….. 2
1.2 Background of Project …………………………………………………………………….… 2
1.3 Problem Description ………………………………………………………………………… 3
1.4 Objective of Project ……………………………………………………….………………… 4
1.5 Project Scope ………………………………………………………………………………... 4
1.6 Application …………………………………………………………………………………... 5
Chapter 2
2.1 Literature Review …………………………………………………………………………… 7
Chapter 3
3.1 Review on Existing System ………………………………………………………………... 14
3.1.1 Existed System …………………………………………………………………………… 14
3.2 Design and Implementation ………………………………………………………………... 14
3.2.1 Gas Sensor ……………………………………………………………………………….. 16
3.2.2 LCD Display …...………………………………………………………………………… 16
3.2.3 Buzzer ……………………………………………………………………………………. 16
3.2.4 Arduino UNO …………………………………………………………………………….. 17
3.2.5 GSM Module …………………………………………………………………………….. 17
3.3 Components of proposed System …………………………………………………………... 18
3.3.1 MQ-5 Sensor ……………………………………………………………………………... 18
3.3.2 Rasperry ………………………………………………………………………………….. 18
3.3.3 Arduino UNO …………………………………………………………………………….. 19
3.4 Block Diagram of Proposed System ……………………………………………………….. 19
3.5 Working of Proposed System ……………………………………………………………… 20
3.6 Application for Natural Services …………………………………………………………... 21
3.6.1 Required Lead Time ……………………………………………………………………... 21
3.6.2 Payment of Fees and Deposit ……………………………………………………………. 21
3.6.3 Access ……………………………………………………………………………………. 21
3.7 Characteristics of Natural Gas Services ……………………………………………………. 21
3.7.1 Responsibility ……………………………………………………………………………. 21
3.7.2 Natural Gas Characteristics ………………………………………………………………. 21
3.8 New Natural Gas Services …………………………………………………………………. 21
3.8.1 Installation Requirement …………………………………………………………………. 22
3.9 Temporary Services ………………………………………………………………………... 22
3.9.1 General …………………………………………………………………………………… 22
3.9.2 Installation Requirement …………………………………………………………………. 22
3.9.3 Cost ………………………………………………………………………………………. 22
3.10 Requirement Analysis …………………………………………………………………….. 22
3.10.1 Information Gathering ………………………………………………………………….. 22
3.10.2 Function Requirement ………………………………………………………………….. 23
3.10.3 Non Function Requirement ……………………………………………………………... 24
3.10.4 Hardware Requirement …………………………………………………………………. 24
3.10.5 Software Requirement ………………………………………………………………….. 25
3.10.6 Usability ………………………………………………………………………………… 25
3.11 Feasibility Study ………………………………………………………………………….. 25
3.11.1 Technical Feasibility ……………………………………………………………………. 26
3.11.2 Economic Feasibility …………………………………………………………………… 26
3.11.3 Operational Feasibility ………………………………………………………………….. 27
3.12 Use case Diagram ………………………………………………………………………… 27
3.12.1 Use case Scenarios ……………………………………………………………………… 28
Chapter 4
4.1 Project Planning ……………………………………………………………………………. 31

4.2 Work Break down Structure ……………………………………………………………….. 32
4.3 Schedule ……………………………………………………………………………………. 33
4.4 Gantt Chart …………………………………………………………………………………. 34
4.5 Network Diagram …………………………………………………………………………... 35
4.6 System Analysis ……………………………………………………………………………. 36
4.6.1 System Design …………………………………………………………………………… 36
4.6.2 Input Design ……………………………………………………………………………… 37
4.6.3 Logical Design …………………………………………………………………………… 38
4.7 Program Flow Chart ………………………………………………………………………... 39
4.8 Data Flow Diagram ………………………………………………………………………… 40
4.8.1 Level 0 …………………………………………………………………………………… 41
4.8.2 DFD Level 0 ……………………………………………………………………………... 41
4.8.3 DFD Level 1 ……………………………………………………………………………... 42
4.9 Class Diagram ……………………………………………………………………………… 42
4.10 Sequence Diagram ………………………………………………………………………... 43
Chapter 5
5.1 Implementation …………………………………………………………………………….. 46
5.1.1 Maintenance Feature ……………………………………………………………………... 47
5.1.2 Sensor Maintenance ……………………………………………………………………… 49
5.2 System Architecture ………………………………………………………………………... 49
Chapter 6
6.1 Testing ……………………………………………………………………………………… 52
6.1.1 System Testing …………………………………………………………………………… 52
6.1.2 Unit Testing ……………………………………………………………………………… 52
6.1.3 Integration Testing ……………………………………………………………………….. 53
6.1.4 Regression Testing ……………………………………………………………………….. 53
6.1.5 Black box Testing ………………………………………………………………………... 53
6.1.6 White box Testing ………………………………………………………………………... 54
6.2 Test Cases ………………………………………………………………………………….. 54
6.3 Screen Shots ………………………………………………………………………………... 63
Chapter 7
7.1 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………………. 67
7.2 Future Scope ……………………………………………………………………………….. 68
Chapter 8
8.1 References ………………………………………………………………………………….. 70
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1: Block Diagram …………………………………………………………………….. 10
Figure 3.2: Arduino Board ……………………………………………………………………... 17
Figure 3.3: GSM Module ………………………………………………………………………. 18
Figure 3.4: Gas Sensor …………………………………………………………………………. 18
Figure 3.5: Rasperry ……………………………………………………………………………. 19
Figure 3.6: Arduino …………………………………………………………………………….. 19
Figure 3.8: Use case Diagram ………………………………………………………………….. 28
Figure 4.1: WBS Diagram ……………………………………………………………………... 32
Figure 4.2: Gantt chart …………………………………………………………………………. 34
Figure 4.3: Network Diagram ………………………………………………………………….. 35
Figure 4.4: Flow chart ………………………………………………………………………….. 39
Figure 4.5: Data Flow chart ……………………………………………………………………. 41
Figure 4.6: Data Flow chart ……………………………………………………………………. 42
Figure 4.7: Sequence Diagram ………………………………………………………………… 43
Figure 4.8: Sequence Diagram …………………………………………………………………. 44
Figure 4.9: Sequence Diagram …………………………………………………………………. 44
Figure 5.2: Architecture Diagram ……………………………………………………………… 50
Figure 6.1: Android App ………………………………………………………………………. 63
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1: Use case 1 …………………………………………………………………………... 28
Table 3.2: Use case 2 …………………………………………………………………………... 29
Table 3.3: Use case 3 …………………………………………………………………………... 29
Table 3.4: Use case 4 …………………………………………………………………………... 29
Table 4.1: Schedule …………………………………………………………………………….. 33
Table 6.1: Test case 1 …………………………………………………………………………... 55
Table 6.2: Test case 2 …………………………………………………………………………... 57
Table 6.3: Test case 3 …………………………………………………………………………... 59
Table 6.4: Test case 4 …………………………………………………………………………... 60
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1.1 Introduction
The aim of this project is to monitor for gas leakage to avoid fire accidents providing house safety
feature where security has been an important issue. The system detects the leakage of the gas using
gas sensor and alerts the consumer about the gas leakage by sending SMS.When proposed system
uses the GSM to alert the person about the gas leakage via SMS.When the system detects the gas
concentration in the air exceeds the certain level then it immediately alert the consumer by sending
SMS to specified mobile phone and alert the people at home by activating the alarm which includes
the LED, Buzzer simultaneously and display the message on LCD display to take the necessary
action and switch on the exhaust fan to decrease the gas concentration in the air. Safety plays a
major role in today’s world and it is necessary that good safety systems are to be implemented in
places of education and work. This work modifies the existing safety model installed in industries
and this system also be used in homes and offices. The advantage of this automated detection and
alerting system over the manual method is that it offers quick response time and accurate detection
of an emergency and in turn leading faster diffusion of the critical situation.
1.2 Background of Project
When it comes to security issues, we cannot take it for granted. Security is the level of protection
against danger and loss. Now a days, in a world that full of technology, people needs the help of
technology to provide early warning alert to ensure they have enough time to avoid danger. In
designing this project, the dangerous sources that have been highlighted are about gas leakage.
This is because of this can become a huge disaster if the security procedure is not taken early.
Today sensors have featuring a high sensitivity to a wide gases variety, are very
compact in size and have significantly reduced their power consumption to better adapt to portable
solutions. Building a system with a gas sensor is not as easy as it could appear. Despite the sensor
could be treated, basically, as a variable resistor which value to depend on gas concentration in air
the practical implementation in a project should be done considering some policy rules, especially
if the final circuit is a device to be used in a field where reliability is strongly required. As an
example the internal elements of a sensor such as heater and gas sensitive resistors have to be
constantly kept under control to avoid failures leading to a wrong alarm indication. Furthermore,
if the application needs to achieve good surmount accuracy, factors like environment temperature,
sensor life have to be taken into account. This project is about producing an alert warning system
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based on Global System for Mobile (GSM) network. It will be used to detect the presence of natural
gases. Whenever gas leakage occurs, the sensors used in the circuit will detect it and the GSM
modem will send out an SMS alert to the user. With the system that provides a real-time
notification, it increases the response time of the owner. This system can be installed in kitchens,
Storage rooms, near the Natural Gas (NG) or any places thinks required.
The combination of gas and heat sensors can make a valuable contribution to the safety of these
processes. The detectors can be used to trigger alarms if a specified concentration of the gas is
exceeded. This can provide an early warning of a problem and help to ensure people’s safety.
However, a detector does not prevent leaks occurring or indicate what action should be taken. It is
not a substitute for safe working practices and maintenance. The main feature of this project is that
it also find the exact location of underground gas leakage and that is very effective and valuable
efforts for industrial and house safety. The design of this system consists of two different types of
sensors. The first sensor used is gas sensor. Usually, Gas sensor has the capability to detect from
300 parts per million (ppm) to 500 ppm of gas concentration, and the second sensor detect the
movement of human to checking, Are anyone is around the system or not. Both of these sensors is
connected and control by a microcontroller. The application of microcontroller in such an
instrument will reduce cost. Primarily, the microcontroller is capable of storing and a
programming. The microcontroller contains a CPU (Central Processing Unit), RAM (Random-
Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), IO (Input/Output), serial and parallel ports, timers,
and sometimes other built-in peripherals devices. Then, the output of the system is send out by
using Short Message Service (SMS) to the users’ phone via Global System for Mobile
Communications (GSM) network. Besides that, the real-time reading also will be displayed on the
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD).
1.3 Problem Description

Domestically we use natural gas and it is very useful for burning purposes. If this gas is leaked in
our kitchens, offices or factories and not sensed in time, it may lead to a fatal disaster, and may
cause human loss. For this purpose we came forward with an idea of making such an electronic
device to sense that leakage and alarm the respective persons to solve that leakage problem and
save assets and human lives. It also down our economical rate. In this project, if gas is leaked then
sensor sense the gas. After this, light and buzzer is ON also send SMS to the user. We also develop
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an app for controlling the regulator (ON/OFF) in the absence of anyone around the system. By
using’s gas detector, we can find the exact location of underground gas leakage.
To make our environment clean and away from all kind of dangerous gases we must take some
steps like we would like to create a project which leads to detection of gases. So we design gas
leakage detector to reduce the problem up to some extent. Gas leakage detection will not only
provide us the significance in health department but also it will lead to raise our economy because
when gas gets leaked it not only contaminates the atmosphere but also wastage of gases will down
our economy.
1.4 Objective of Project

The primary objects of the present project to provide a means for safely detecting any malfunction
of a pressurized gas system in order to prevent accumulation of combustible gases so that damage
or explosion due to such an accumulation of gases is prevented.
The objectives of our project are as follows:
 To analysis the sensor for natural gas leakage detection.

 To design automatic arduino based device for natural gas leakage detection.
 Send SMS to specified Mobile number to inform the user about the Gas leakage.
 Produce a sound alarm upon gas leakage and stop the alarm once gas leak is under
controlled.
 The device will show an alert message on LCD display along with buzzer activation.
 Detect the motion of a person that is around the system.
 Find out the exact location of underground wiring when the gas is leaking.
 To design automatic arduino based device for natural gas leakage detection
1.5 Project scope

One of the biggest areas of innovation is security automation technology. Combining two-way
wireless communication with mobile, security automation systems provide unprecedented options
to not simply see what's happening in our security, but also to control it from anywhere. We can
monitor different sorts of real-time information about our system from our smartphones, and some
even give us the option to see the feed from our security systems. You can easily turn on or off the
main valve of the gas from any place.
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1. The circuit is basically on the gas sensor, temperature sensor and the Programmable Integrated
Circuit (PIC). The gas sensor and temperature sensor could be treated, basically as variable resistor
which value depends on gas concentration in air and temperature changes respectively. Both of
these sensors have high sensitivity.
2. The gas sensor chosen is MQ5. It can detect gas concentration in the air from 300 to 5000ppm.
1000 ppm will be set as the dangerous level.
3. These sensors will be connected directly and controlled by a microcontroller.

PIC16F1938 is chosen to makes the detector much simpler.
4. The output reading from the sensors will be displayed on the LCD.
5. The PIC16F1938 also will be integrated to the GSM modem by using MAX232 as the connector.
Whenever the reading of the sensors exceeding the limit set, it will automatically send an SMS
alert wirelessly by using the GSM Modem through GSM Network to the numbers as being set on
the coding.
1.6 Application
This project used as a security system in application like Homes, Hostels, Industries because of
its low power consumption, reliability, portability this system used in other applications like
smoke detection.
 Smoke/Safety detection system.

 Gas leak alarm.
 Gas detector.
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2.1 Literature Review
Carbon Monoxide (CO) poisoning is a seamless and dangerous problem in steel mill's hot-process
areas where the dirty and hazardous environment offers unique challenges to any deployed gas
detection system. Slow accumulation of the gas causes headaches, dizziness, nausea and confusion
which are harmful for workers' safety and environmental protection. The gas detection solution
needs to be wireless and instantly deployable, as the steel mill could not afford the down time to
install shielded cables. CO poisoning prevention system based on a Wireless Sensor Network
(WSN) which continuously detects the CO level in a restrained space like in steel mills and upon
alarming conditions, automatically activates countermeasure system to lower the CO
concentration level. Implementation of monitoring system connected to a customized actuator
which can switch the exhaust and alarm systems on and off autonomously [Sushmitha -1].
Air quality monitoring in indoor environments is of great significance for comfort and health,
especially now a days that people spend more than 80% of the day indoor. It is important for
ambient intelligent systems to be unobtrusive and to optimize the power consumption of the
platforms in order to be able to live on batteries for several years. We present a system with
aggressive energy management that involves three levels: sensor level, node level and network
level. The sensor board we designed is a wireless sensor network (WSN) node. It contains two
modalities - a gas sensor and a Pyroelectric InfraRed (PIR) sensor. The network is multimodal: it
uses information from the PIR sensor and neighbor nodes to detect the presence of people and to
modulate the duty cycle of the node and the gas sensor. In this way we reduce the nodes' activity
and energy requirements, providing a reliable service at the same time. We simulate the benefits
of the context-aware adaptive duty-cycling of the gas sensor activity and we demonstrate a
significant lifetime extension compared to the continuously driven gas sensor. The project enables
the users to monitoring different gases by using wireless sensor network and also ensures their
management [Zulaika Binti -2].
Safety plays a major role in today’s world and it is necessary that good safety systems are to be
implemented in places of education and work. This work modifies the existing safety model
installed in industries and this system also be used in homes and offices. The main objective of the
work is designing microcontroller based toxic gas detecting and alerting system. The hazardous
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gases like Gas is sensed and displayed each and every second in the LCD display. If these gases
exceed the normal level then an alarm is generated immediately and also an alert message (SMS)
is sent to the authorized person through the (GSM). The advantage of this automated detection and
alerting system over the manual method is that it offers quick response time and accurate detection
of an emergency and in turn leading faster diffusion of critical situation [Zarith Sofia -3].
The system detects the leakage of the Gas and alerts the consumer about the leak and as an
emergency measure the system will switch on the exhaust fan and also checks the leakage. An
added feature of the system is that it also find the exact location of underground gas leakage. The
proposed system makes use of GSM module in order to alert about the gas leakage via an SMS.
Whenever the system detects the increase in the concentration of the Gas it immediately alerts by
activating an alarm and simultaneously sending message to the specified mobile phones. The
exhaust fan is switched on and Gas safe solenoid value fitted to the cylinder is given a signal to
close avoiding further leakage. The device ensures safety and prevents suffocation and explosion
due to gas leakage [Sunithaa.J -4].
Safety plays a major role in today’s world and it is necessary that good safety systems are to be
implemented in places of education and work. This work modifies the existing safety model
installed in industries and this system also be used in homes and offices. The main objective of the
work is design in microcontroller based toxic gas detecting and alerting system. The hazardous
gases like Gas and is sensed and displayed each and every second in the LCD display. If these
gases exceed the normal level then an alarm is generated immediately and also an alert message
(SMS) is sent to the authorized person through the GSM. The advantage of this automated
detection and alerting system over the manual method is that it offers quick response time and
accurate detection of an emergency and in turn leading faster diffusion of the critical situation
[V.Ramya -5].
The former systems can not react in time, even cannot obtain data from an accident and locate
accurately. This system gives real time detective of potential risk area, collect the data of leak
accident and locate leakage point. This system having protection circuit consists of exhaust fan
and Liquefied Petroleum Gas Safe Solenoid Valve. The hazardous gasses like Liquefied Petroleum
Gas and Propane were sensed and displayed each and every second in Liquid Crystal Display. If
these gasses exceed normal level then alarm is generated immediately. In this system MQ-5 gas
sensor used to sense poisonous gas and has high sensitivity to Gas and also response to natural
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gas. This work modifies the existing safety model installed in industries. It offers quick response
time and accurate detection [Mr.SagarShinde -6].
Gas leakage is a major concern with residential, commercial premises and gas powered
transportation vehicles. One of the preventive measures to avoid the danger associated with gas
leakage is to install a gas leakage detector at vulnerable locations. The objective of this work is to
present the design of a cost-effective automatic alarming system, which can detect liquefied
petroleum gas leakage in various premises. In particular, the alarming system designed has a high
sensitivity for primarily butane, which is also individually sold bottled as a fuel for cooking and
camping. The proposed system is designed to meet UK occupational health and safety standards.
Test results are demonstrated for an USB powered gas leakage detection system and it gives early
warning signals under less severe conditions and activates a high pitched alarm in case of
emergency situations to safeguard the users [A. Mahalingam -7].
The aim of this project is to monitor for Gas leakage to avoid fire accidents providing house safety
feature where security has been an important issue. The system detects the leakage of the LPG
using gas sensor and alerts the consumer about the gas leakage by sending SMS. The proposed
system uses the GSM to alert the person about the gas leakage via SMS. When the system detects
the LPG concentration in the air exceeds the certain level then it immediately alert the consumer
by sending SMS to specified mobile phone and alert the people at home by activating the alarm
which includes the LED, Buzzer simultaneously and display the message on LCD display to take
the necessary action and switch on the exhaust fan to decrease the gas concentration in the air
[M. B. Fish, R.T. Wainer -8].
In this paper the leakage of the cylinder is detected and the knob is controlled using the DC
MOTOR and alerts the user via BUZZER and also sends the SMS [T. Soundarya -9].
In this paper it is highlighted as wireless control Gas monitoring system. The sensor MQ6 attached
with the cylinder detects the leakage and alerts the user by the alarm and through SMS. It controls
the leakage by closing the knob using solenoid and the exhaust fan gets activated and power supply
is turned off [Srinivasan -10].
In this paper the detection process of leakage is made through leakage sensor and alerts are done
via SMS using GSM using the microcontroller [Ashish Shrivastava -11].
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In this paper the detection process of leakage is made through leakage sensor and alerts are done
via SMS using GSM and power shutdown is made using relay and control the regulator using the
microcontroller [Digambar Surse -12].
This paper showcases the research done on leakage of domestic cooking gas detection mechanism.
It reports a novel strategy of gas detection under ambient conditions of temperature and humidity
[Anindya Nag -13].
First the sensor will sense the leakage on the basis of gas density which is then sent to the arduino
in the form of electrical signal and further through programming/coding fed in arduino, a signal
will be sent to the peripheral components and a specific message will be displayed on LCD
Display and also a buzzer will be activated. [D M Han -14].
Automatic LPG leakage detection and hazard prevention for home security using an alarm and
exhaust fan. Gas leakage is a major concern with residential, commercial premises and gas
powered transportation vehicles. One of the preventive measures to avoid the danger associated
with gas leakage is to install a gas leakage detector at vulnerable locations. The design of a wireless
Gas leakage monitoring system is proposed for home safety [Fraiwan L -15].
In this paper the monitoring of gas using microcontroller is described. The main aim is to detect
the gas which is the mixture of hydrocarbon gas and it is referred as butane or propane. Three
major components in this system are a Gas sensor, ARM microcontroller, and a GSM module and
indicating component such as buzzer, PIR are used. The sensor senses the leakage of gas and a
microcontroller receives the signal from the sensor node. The gas sensor used is MQ-6 which
detects Gas with high sensitivity. When the concentration of gas air is beyond the certain level, the
relay is turned on and gives an interrupt signal to microcontroller to turn on the buzzer and GSM.
The GSM module sends SMS message to the person number which is fixed on the device
[Harshada Navale -16].
Power Supply
Gas Sensor Microcontroller GSM Module
Buzzer
Figure 2.1: Block diagram of GSM based gas monitoring system
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“Design and Implementation of an Economic Gas Leakage Detector”. This project developed
system to detect the gas leakage and providing immediate alarm or intimation to the user. Later in
2013, few people developed the design proposed for home safety. This system detects the leakage
of the Gas and alerts the consumer about the leak by buzzer. This project was developed using
microcontroller ARM version 7 processor and simulated using Keil software. In the year 2014,
Hitendra Rawat, Ashish Kushwah, Khyati Asthana, Akanksha Shivhare, designed a system, They
provided security issues against thieves, leakage and fire accidents. In those cases their system
sends SMS to the emergency number provided to it. In proposed system we have designed “LPG
gas monitoring and automatic cylinder booking with alert system” [Jorg Eberspacher -17].
These report focus on detection of gas leakage and alert the surrounding people about the leakage
through SMS. It also sense surrounding temperature, so that no fire accidents occurs. The one more
important feature is automatic cylinder booking by noticing the current expenditure of Gas in our
daily life [Rajkamal -18].
These projects alert the user by sending message to mobile through SMS in three conditions. They
are:
 When gas weight reaches to maximum threshold value.
 When the gas exceed its peak value.
 When the temperature exceed more than room temperature.
These project gives alert message by buzzing the buzzer and trough SMS to the house holders. We
also provide automatically switch ON the exhaust fan, so that the compressed gas can spread in to
air freely [M. Yuchun -19].
Various research groups are working all over the world for the development of Microcontroller
based Gas Leakage Detectors using GSM Module. LPG, first produced in 1910 by Dr. Walter
Snelling is a mixture of Commercial Propane and Commercial Butane having saturated as well as
unsaturated hydrocarbons. Before the development of electronic household gas detectors in the
1980s and 90s, gas presence was detected with a chemically infused paper that changed its color
when exposed to the gas. Since then, many technologies and devices have been developed to
detect, monitor, and alert the leakage of a wide array of gases [H.Huang -20]
The main applications of a Gas Leakage Detector would be:
 To protect ourselves from any gas leakage in cars, industries, homes, hospitals etc.
 To be used in large industries which use gas as their production.

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 To provide safety from gas leakage in cooking gas fired appliances like ovens, stoves etc.
This project has many advantages which are as follows:

 The Project is easy to use and it gives remote indication to the user.
 The Sensor used in this Project has excellent sensitivity combined with a quick fast
response time.
 The system is highly reliable and secure.
 In the long run the maintenance cost is very less when compared to the present systems.
 It is possible to get instantaneous results and with high accuracy.

This Project has a lot of Future Scope in the sense that using this project we can provide a facility
for users they can find exact location of underground Gas leakage [Luay Friwan -21].
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3.1 Review on existing designs
 MQ6 was used to sense LPG
 ADC was used to convert analogue signals to digital
 Two sensors were used but one could have sufficed
 A UART was used to enhance Receiving and Transmission of signals
 PIC microcontroller was used to coordinate operations
 A load cell was added to take varying values and converts them to variable voltage or
output current.
 An LPC microcontroller was used and an LCD display was used.
3.1.1 Existed system

In this existing system measures some of the parameters, but I can take various parameters which
is important in kitchen monitoring system.
The proposed system contains a kitchen monitoring based system. It can monitors the parameters
such as light intensity , room temperature fire and gas .It also indicates the leakage of gas and
also inform the usage of gas when it exceeds beyond certain level to the user or concerned
authority. This system can monitor the status of kitchen and send an Email and an alert SMS via
GSM network automatically.
3.2 Design and Implementation
This proposed method consists of gas leakage detection system, weight measurement module,
microcontroller, GSM module and alert system. The Main platform we are using to build the
project is Arduino Mega which provides us the flexibility to write the code effectively in
convenient way and also it will provides us features like Inexpensive, Cross platform, Simpler and
clear programming environment, Open source and extensible software, Easy for beginners, The
Arduino Mega is a microcontroller board .It contains everything needed to support the
microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable. With the above features it force
us to use in our project design. The Gas Sensor is also one of the components used to detect the
leakage of the Gas which converts one form of the signal into other form.
There are different type of sensors available in the market we make use of few of them in our
project such as Methane (MQ4) Sensor and Temperature Sensor (LM35).The MQ4 is used in gas
leakage detecting equipment’s are suitable for detecting of CH4,Natural gas and to avoid the noise
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of alcohol and cooking fumes and cigarette smoke. The MQ-4 can detect natural gas concentrations
from 200 to 10000ppm.High sensitivity to CH4，Natural gas. MQ 4 has Fast response, Stable and
long life. The LM35 series is a precision IC temperature devices with an output voltage linearly-
proportional to the Centigrade temperature.
Power Supply
MQ-2 Gas Sensor LCD Module
PIR Sensor Buzzer
Exhaust Fan Servo Motor

Arduino UNO
User Regulator
Mobile
App
Bulb
GSM Module
Figure 3.1: Block Diagram of existing System
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is used to show the output of the results of Different sensor values
and various results to show of size about 32 ASCII character in 2 lines commonly used one is 16x2
LCD modules. We are using GSM Modem to alert the user by sending SMS (Short Message
Service) about Gas Leakage and LPG Gas Completion Status’s (Global System for Mobile
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communication) is a digital mobile telephony system that is widely used in England and different
parts of the world. GSM uses of time division multiple access (TDMA) and is the most widely
used of the technologies (TDMA, GSM, and CDMA). GSM digitizes and syncs data, then sends
it to a channel with two other streams of user data, each in its own time slot. It operates at either
the 800 MHz or 1800 MHz frequency band.
3.2.1 Gas sensor
MQ-4 is a Sensor for Natural Gases Sensitive material. MQ-4 gas sensor is SnO2, which has lower
conductivity in clear air. When the target combined gas exist, the sensor conductivity is heavier
with the gas concentration rising. We used simple circuit to convert respective output signal
according to concentration level. MQ-4 gas sensor has high sensitive to Methane, Propane and
Butane. The sensor can be used to detect different combustible gas, especially Methane; it is with
cost effective and useful for so many applications.
3.2.2 LCD Display
LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display. They have become very common with industry by clearly
replacing the use of Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT). CRT consumes more power than LCD and also
bigger and heavier. We all know about LCD‟s, but no one knows the exact working of it. LCD is
finding wide spread use replacing LEDs (seven segments or other multi segment LEDs) due to the
following reasons:
 The declining prices of LCDs.
 The ability to display numbers, characters and graphics related data. This is in contrast to
LED’s which are limited to numbers and a few characters.
 Incorporation of a controller into the LCD, thereby making the CPU to keep displaying the
data.
 Ease to program for characters, strings and graphics related data.
These are specialized for being used with the microcontrollers, which makes that they cannot be
activated by standard IC circuits. They are used for writing different messages on a miniature LCD.
3.2.3 Buzzer
Buzzer is an audio signaling device. The typical uses of buzzers are for alarms, timers and
confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke. The project used an electronic type
of buzzer which is a piezoelectric element that driven by a micro-controller signals. Peizo buzzer
is based on the inverse principle of peizo electricity discover in 1880 by Jacques and Pierre Curie.
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It is the phenomenon of generating electricity when mechanical pressure is applied to the certain
materials and the vice versa. Such materials called piezoelectric materials. When an alternating
electric field subjected to the material they stretch or compress accordance with the frequency of
the signal thereby producing sound.
3.2.4 Arduino UNO
In this proposed system Arduino Mega is used as a controller. Arduino is a well-equipped Open-
Source Prototype Platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino boards are able
to read inputs light sensor and turn it into an output activating a motor, publishing anything online.
The Arduino software is easy-to-use for beginners. It will simplify the process of creating a control
environment by providing the standard and flexible board that can be reusable programmed and
connected to the system without any necessity of PCB design. Inexpensive, Cross-platform,
Simple programming environment, Open source extensible software, Open source and extensible
hardware. It is flexible enough for advanced users. It works on platforms like endows and Linux.
Arduino is a key tool to learn new things.
Figure 3.2: Arduino Board

3.2.5 GSM Module
GSM (Global System for Mobile) / GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) TTL modem s SIM900
quad-band GSM / GPRS device, works on frequencies 850 MHZ, 900 HZ, 800 MHZ and 1900
HZ. It is very compact in size and easy to use as plug in GSM Modem. The Modem is designed
with 3V3 and 5V DC TTL interfacing circuitry, which allows User to directly interface with 5V
microcontrollers (PIC, AVR, Arduino, 8051, etc.) as well as 3V3 Microcontrollers (ARM, ARM
Cortex XX, etc.).
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Figure 3.3: GSM SIM800 Module
The baud rate can be configurable from 9600-115200 bps through AT (Attention) commands. This
GSM/GPRS TTL Modem has internal TCP/IP stack to enable User to connect with internet
through GPRS feature. It is suitable for SMS as well as DATA transfer application in mobile phone
to mobile phone interface. The modem can be interfaced with a Microcontroller using USART
(Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver and Transmitter) feature.
3.3 COMPONENTS OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

3.3.1 MQ5 Sensor
The gas sensor (MQ5) module is useful for gas leakage detection. It is suitable for H2, Gas and
CH4. It has an adjustable sensitivity and signal output indicator. If the measure of gas increases
then the output voltage gets boosted. This will interact with the gas to measure the concentration.
Figure 3.4: Gas sensor
3.3.2 Rasperry
Raspberry is a single board computer developed by Raspberry pi foundation in the United
Kingdom. It is the advanced form for microcontroller.
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Figure 3.5: Rasperry
3.3.3 Arduino Uno

Ariana UNO is a microcontroller board based on the AT Mega 328p (datasheet). UNO means
one in Italian language. It has 14 digital input/output pins of which 6 can be used as PWM
outputs. The UNO board version is 1.2.7. In a series of USB Arduino board the Uno board is the
first one.
Figure 3.6: Arduino
3.4 Block diagram of proposed system

The MQ5 sensor is used to sense the Gas whether it is leaking or not. If the result of sensing is
positive then it will be recorded to the Arduino UNO board. Similarly, Load cell is connected to
the Arduino UNO board where the load of the gas is measured in a regular basis.
The data that are being collected by Arduino will be updated in database by another controller
called Raspberry Pi which is used to notify the user and the dealer through GSM.
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Figure 3.7: Block diagram of proposed system.
LPG gas leakage detection is done with the use of sensor, Raspberry pi as controller and the
detection of weight is done on a regular basis. Intimation to the user about the payment method of
booking and confirmation of booking are sent as SMS to the customer. The customer can view the
history of gas leakage through SMS history. The status of every individual customer can be
monitor through the web page by the LPG dealer. This system aims at integrating automated
leakage detection with measure of LPG weight and auto booking of gas in a cost effect manner.
.3.5 Working of proposed system

This process is then separated into two different detection mechanisms, first mechanism proposes
the leakage detection system which is carried out through the MQ5 gas sensor, it detects the Gas
frequently whether the flow of gas is normal or abnormal (evolution of gas like butane and
propane). If the state is abnormal, then notification is send to the user via GSM in the form of
phone call. When there is quick response from the user, the precautions that are needed to be taken
will be carried out by the user itself. If there is no response, the system automatically turns off the
power button of exhaust fan.
The notifications to the user. Other mechanism is detecting the for refill gas that the availability of
will be checked simultaneously, if there is any need for refill, automatic booking of gas is done
through GSM where there is no need for the user to interrupt in this process. The process will be
ended. Start the process. The details about their Gas will be viewed by the user. It includes the
details relevant to recent leakage that been occurred.
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3.6 Application for Natural Gas Service
3.6.1 Required Lead-Time
Application for new service or service upgrade should be made as far as possible in advance of the
date gas service is required. Additional lead time may be necessary to gain additional third-party
approvals such as permits or rights-of-way.
3.6.2 Payment of Fees and/or Deposits
If the Company has been contracted to perform work on Customer property or if previously billed
amounts are outstanding, a security deposit or payment arrangements may be required as a
condition for service.
3.6.3 Access
In accepting service, the Customer grants to identified Company employees and its’ agents the
right of access to Customer's premises at all reasonable times for such purposes as the reading of
meters, inspection of meters, or installing, operating, maintaining, disconnecting and removing
any and all property belonging to the Company. Company employees or their
Contractors authorized to visit Customer premises are furnished with an identification card, which
they will show upon request.
3.7 Character of Natural Gas Service
3.7.1 Responsibility
The Company will designate the character of service, meter location and the point of attachment.
3.7.2 Natural Gas Characteristics
Natural gas having a monthly average heating value of not less than1, 000 BTU per cubic foot is
supplied to the Customer. Normal delivery pressure is 7 inches water column. However, seasonal
variations from 4 to 12inches water column may occur. Large commercial or industrial loads may
be supplied at higher pressures upon application to and approval by the Company.
3.8 New Natural Gas Service or Construction
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3.8.1 Installation Requirements
A service will not be energized until all vented gas appliances, that are present at the time of
unlock, are installed and operational.
3.9 Temporary Service

3.9.1 General
The Company provides temporary gas service for construction purposes, non-permanent usage, or
other non-recurring uses.
3.9.2 Installation Requirements
The Customer shall provide substantial and adequate support for temporary service. The temporary
service piping and equipment shall be installed and inspected in the same manner as required for
permanent installations. Temporary service installations will abide by all regulations that apply in
the Fuel Gas Code of New York State (latest edition).
3.9.3 Cost
The entire cost of installing and removing the temporary service facilities is the responsibility of
the Customer.
3.10 Requirement Analysis

Requirement analysis is system engineering and software engineering, encompasses those tasks
that go into determining the needs or conditions to meet for a new or altered product, taking
account of the possibility conflicting requirements of the conflicting stakeholders, analyzing,
managing, documenting and validating system requirements. Requirements analysis is critical to
the success of the system of the software project. The requirements should be documented,
actionable, measureable, testable, traceability, related to identified business needs or opportunities,
and defined to a level of detail sufficient for system design.
3.10.1 Information Gathering
Various sites have been analyzed to get a better idea to build the project. We have gathered
information by analyzing different means and requirements of the potential cases of fire that may
occur. Information gathering is a key part of feasibility analysis. We must know what information
to gather, where to find it, how to collect it, and ultimately how to process the collected
information. Information gathering is both an art and a science. It is an art because the person who
collects the information needs to be sensitive, and must have an understanding of what to collect
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and what to focus on, the channels where the source of information can be gathered. It is a science
because it requires proper methodology and the use of specifics tools in order to be effective. None
the less, there is always a chance that one can find oneself drowned in an ocean of information,
not knowing which specific information to collect, where to collect it and how to collect it. Based
on the information gathered, the new system is built.
3.10.2 Functional Requirement
This section specifies what is to be done by the product, to what level or specific requirements,
what inputs should be transformed to what outputs, what specific operations are required. The
functional requirements are those which describe what activities the software/application is going
to perform once it is implemented. Functional requirements drive the application architecture of a
system. These requirements define a function of a system or its components. A function is
described as asset of inputs, the behavior, and outputs.
For each function, specify requirements on input, processing and outputs. These are usually
organized with these four subparagraphs: -
 Purpose of the function: Provide rationale to clarify the intent of the function.
 Inputs: Source, valid ranges of the values, any timing concerns, operators requirements,
special interface.
 Operations to be performed: validity Checks, response to abnormal conditions, types
of processing required.
 Outputs: Valid range of values, timing concerns and handling of illegal values, error
messages and interfaces required.
Functions required by the “Gas Leakage Controlling System” include the following
requirements: -
 The system should be designed for very early detection of fire and gas incidence.
 The system should be designed for early detection of any gas leakage.
 The design should incorporate any suitable principle for higher sensitivity to detect all
possible size of smoke particles and/or elevated heat.
 The System should be designed to give alert via SMS.
 The System should be designed to give alert in case of intrusion.
 The system should not give false alarms.
 The System should display correct output on LCD screen.
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 The system should be designed to give very early warning against any security threat.
 The system should be compact, lightweight and highly reliable and robust in design with
inbuilt redundancy to cater for any sensor failure.
3.10.3 Non Functional Requirement
In systems engineering and requirements engineering, a non-functional requirement is a
requirement that specifies criteria that can be used to judge the operation of a system, rather than
specific behaviors. This should be contrasted with functional requirements that define specific
behavior or functions. The plan for implementing functional requirements is detailed in the system
design. The plan for implementing non-functional requirements is detailed in the system
architecture.
Broadly, functional requirements define what a system is supposed to do and non-functional
requirements define how a system is supposed to be. Functional requirements are usually in the
form of "system shall do requirement", while non-functional requirements are in the form of
"system shall be requirement".
Non-functional requirements are often called qualities of a system. Other terms for non-functional
requirements are "constraints", "quality attributes", "quality goals", "quality of service
requirements" and "non-behavioral requirements". Informally these are sometimes called the
"ileitis", from attributes like stability and portability.
Qualities, that are non-functional requirements, can be divided into two main categories: -
 Execution qualities, such as security and usability, which are observable at run time.
 Evolution qualities, such as testability, maintainability, extensibility and scalability, which
are embodied in the static structure of the software system.
Non-functional requirements for the automated Gas alarm system are as follows: -
 The system should be reliable.
 The system should be user friendly.
 The system should be completely consistent and secure.
 Interface requirement.
Interface should be easy to follow.
3.10.4 Hardware Requirements
 Arduino UNO.
 Bluetooth module HC-06.
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 MQ-5 Gas sensor.
 Buzzer.
 Gas On/Off Nob.
 Exhaust Fan.
 Battery 12V.
 LCD.
 Bulb.
 GSM Module.
 Stepper Motor.
 Gas Detector.
3.10.5 Software Requirements

 Arduino IDE.
 C++.
 Arduino Libraries.
 Android.
3.10.6 Usability
Usability includes methods of measuring usability, such as needs analysis and the study of the
principles behind an object's perceived efficiency or elegance. In human-computer interaction and
computer science, usability studies the elegance and clarity with which the interaction with a
computer program or a web site (web usability) is designed. Usability differs from user satisfaction
and user experience because usability also considers usefulness. The project designed should be
user friendly.
3.11 Feasibility Study

Feasibility studies aim to objectively and rationally uncover the strengths and weaknesses of an
existing business or proposed venture, opportunities and threats present in the environment, the
resources required to carry through, and ultimately the prospects for success. In its simplest terms,
the two criteria to judge feasibility are cost required and value to be attained.
A well-designed feasibility study should provide a historical background of the business or project,
a description of the product or service, accounting statements, details of the operations and
management, marketing research and policies, financial data, legal requirements and tax
25
obligations. Generally, feasibility studies precede technical development and project
implementation. A feasibility study evaluates the project's potential for success; therefore,
perceived objectivity is an important factor in the credibility of the study for potential investors
and lending institutions. It must therefore be conducted with an objective, unbiased approach to
provide information upon which decisions can be based.
When we are developing the system (software), we must know the proposed system will be feasible
or that is practically implemented or not it may be possible the proposed system may not be
implemented due to many reasons like it may take long time in development than the specified
time limit, cost may increase than proposed one etc. Therefore we must analyses the feasibility of
the system. Feasibility is the analysis of risks, costs and benefits relating to economics, technology
and user operation.
Facts considered in the feasibility analysis are: -
 Technical Feasibility
 Economic Feasibility
 Operational Feasibility
3.11.1 Technical Feasibility
The technical feasibility assessment is focused on gaining an understanding of the present technical
resources of the organization and their applicability to the expected needs of the proposed system.
It is an evaluation of the hardware and software and how it meets the need of the proposed system.
As far as our project is concerned we have the necessary expertise so that the proposed solution
can be made feasible for the design and development of the system, several software products has
been accommodated. Technology used is embedded C. This software has the enough efficiency in
producing the required output. Also the hardware requirements used are compatible with all OS.
The system can also be expanded as per the needs of requirement specification. Therefore the
project is technically feasible.
3.11.2 Economic Feasibility
The purpose of the economic feasibility assessment is to determine the positive economic benefits
to the organization that the proposed system will provide. It includes quantification and
identification of all the benefits expected. This assessment typically involves a cost/ benefits
analysis.
Thus feasibility study should center along the following points: -
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 Improvement resulting over the existing method in terms of accuracy, timeliness.
 Cost comparison.
 Estimate on the life expectancy of the hardware.
 Overall objective.
Automated Home security system is a cost effective system. All sensors used in this project are
cost effective. Our project is economically feasible, it does not require much cost to be involved
in the overall process.
3.11.3 Operational Feasibility
Operational feasibility is a measure of how well a proposed system solves the problems, and takes
advantage of the opportunities identified during scope definition and how it satisfies the
requirements identified in the requirements analysis phase of system development.
The operational feasibility assessment focuses on the degree to which the proposed development
projects fits in with the existing business environment and objectives with regard to development
schedule, delivery date, corporate culture, and existing business processes.
Our project solves the problem very efficiently and takes advantage of the opportunities identified
during scope definition and it satisfies the requirements identified in the requirements analysis
phase of the system development. People are inherently resistant to change and computers have
been known to facilitate change. The new proposed system is very much useful to the users and
therefore it will accept broad audience from around the world. Automated fire alarm system is user
friendly system one can use very easily.
As a project plan is built, Microsoft project calculates and creates a working schedule based on
information you provide about the task to be done, the people who work on them, the equipment
and supplies used to accomplish them, and the costs involved.
3.12 Use case Diagram

A use case diagram at its simplest is a representation of a user's interaction with the system and
depicting the specifications of a use case. A use case diagram can portray the different types of
users of a system and the various ways that they interact with the system. This type of diagram is
typically used in conjunction with the textual use case and will often be accompanied by other
types of diagrams as well.
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Gas Sensor
Sensor
PIR Sensor
Regulator
ON and OFF PIR

the Objects
Bulb
Exhaust Fan
SMS Alerts
GSM Module
User Buzzer
Alerts
LCD Module
Figure 3.8: Use case diagram of project
3.12.1 Use Case Scenario:
Use Case # Use Case 1.1
Use Case Name Sensor

Actor User
Pre-Condition Sensor should be in working stage.
Successful Scenario Sensor should be fulfill the desired work.
Alternate flow Unable to give the desired results.
Table 3.1: Use case 1
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Use Case Name ON and OFF objects

Actor User
Pre-Condition  GSM connection must be established.
 User will connected.
Successful Scenario  User must operate all the functionality
of a project successfully.
 User must be aware the working of a
project.
Alternate flow Unable to control the work.
Use Case Name SMS alerts

Actor User
Pre-Condition GSM module should be in working conditions.
Successful Scenario Message successfully send to user.
Alternate flow Unable to send the message to user.
Use Case Name Alerts

Actor User
Pre-Condition Components must be in a right connection.
Successful Scenario Components give the successful results.
Alternate flow Unable to give the proper results.
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4.1 Project Planning (Using MS Project)
Project management is the process of planning , organizing and managing task and resource to
accomplish a defined objective, usually within limitations on time, resources or cost, A project
plan can be simple, for example, a list of task and their start and finish dates written on a MS Word.
Whether simple or complex, however, all projects consist of three major phases: -
• Build the plan
• Track and manage the project
• close the project
As a project plan is built, Microsoft project calculates and creates a working schedule based on
information you provide about the task to be done, the people who work on them, the equipment
and supplies used to accomplish them, and the costs involved.
Typically information required is: -
 Task
 Duration
 Task Dependencies
 Resource
 Costs
To create project plan, start a new project plan and then enter and organize the list of task to be
completed, along with each task's duration and any dependencies. Next, add people, equipment,
and materials and their costs to the plan, and then assign these resources to task. With this resources
and task information, Microsoft Project creates a schedule. With this information, MS Project can
calculate the schedule, costs and resource work load.
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4.2 WBS (Work Break Down structure)
Gas Leakage Controller System
Requirement Analysis Design Building and Refining Testing Implementation

Prototyping Prototype
Hardware Hardware Prototype Direct

Hardware Evaluation
Testing Implementation
Ground Analysis
Prototype
Software Software
Software
Figure 4.1: WBS diagram
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4.3 Schedule
Sr. No. Task Starting Date Ending Date

1 Gas Leakage Controller System 7-2-2018 7-2-2018
1.1 Requirement analysis 7-2-2018 28-2-2018
1.1.1 Hardware 7-2-2018 19-2-2018
1.1.2 Ground Analysis 20-2-2018 25-2-2018
1.1.3 Software 26-2-2018 28-2-2018
1.2 Design 1-3-2018 25-3-2018
1.2.1 Hardware 1-3-2018 10-3-2018
1.2.2 Software 10-3-2018 25-3-2018
1.3 Building and Prototyping 26-3-2018 14-5-2018
1.3.1 Hardware 26-3-2018 20-4-2018
1.3.2 Prototype 21-4-2018 5-5-2018
1.3.3 Software 6-5-2018 14-5-2018
1.4 Refining Prototype 15-5-2018 17-6-2018
1.4.1 Evaluation 15-5-2018 17-6-2018
1.5 Testing 18-6-2018 7-7-2018
1.5.1 Prototype Test 18-6-2018 7-7-2018
1.6 Implementation 8-7-2018 29-7-2018
1.6.1 Direct Implementation 8-7-2018 29-7-2018
Table 4.1: Schedule
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4.4 Gantt chart
Gantt chart:
A Gantt chart is a horizontal bar or line chart which will commonly include the following features:
• Activities identified on the left hand side
• Time scale is drawn on the top (or bottom) of the chart.
• A horizontal open oblong are shaded to represent the actual time spent (an alternative is to
represent actual and estimated by 2 separate lines).
• A vertical cursor (such as a transport ruler) placed at the review point makes it possible
To establish activities which are behind or ahead of schedule.
Figure 4.2: Gantt chart
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4.5 Network Diagram
Figure 4.3: Network diagram
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4.6 System Analysis
System Analysis is the detailed study of the various operations performed by the system and their
relationships within and outside the system. Analysis is the process of breaking something into its
parts so that the whole may be understood. System analysis is concerned with becoming aware of
the problem, identifying the relevant and most decisional variables, analyzing and synthesizing the
various factors and determining an optional or at least a satisfactory solution. During this a problem
is identified, alternate system solutions are studied and recommendations are made about
committing the resources used to the system. Description of the present system: Presently in some
systems the Gas detectors may not sense the fire or gas when smoke cannot reach the detectors
such as in chimneys, in or behind walls, on roofs, or on the other side of closed doors. Also the
most common cause of fire alarm malfunction is inadequate maintenance. To keep the entire fire
alarm system in excellent working order, ongoing maintenance is required per the manufacturers’
recommendation.
The major flaws in the present system are as follows: -
 Wastage of money
 High amount of maintenance is required.
4.6.1 System Design
The most creative and challenging face of the system development is System Design. It provides
the understanding and procedural details necessary for the logical and physical stages of
development. In designing a new system, the system analyst must have a clear understanding of
the objectives, which the design is aiming to fulfil. The first step is to determine how the output is
to be produced and in what format. Second, input data and master files have to be designed to meet
the requirements of the proposed output.
The operational phases are handled through program construction and testing. Design of the
system can be defined as a process of applying various techniques and principles for the purpose
of defining a device a process or a system in sufficient detail to permit its physical realization.
Thus system design is a solution to "how to" approach to the creation of a new system. This
important phase provides the understanding and the procedural details necessary for implementing
the system recommended in the feasibility study. The design step provides a data design,
architectural design, and a procedural design.
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The output design is the part of the project which interacts with the world outside. In the output
design, the emphasis is on developing a system for real time monitoring of data. There is a
provision of an LCD display for displaying the output values of the smoke sensor and PIR sensor
in a predetermined format. Messages which are sent to owner’s phone are also displayed on LCD
screen. The task of display the output values is achieved by connecting the LCD display to the
Arduino (UNO).
The output design of our project also focuses on the notification that will be provided by the
various sensors when the output values of the PIR sensor and Gas sensor exceeds the threshold
value. These output is the most important and direct source of information to the user, efficient,
logical, output design should improve the systems relations with the user and help in decision-
making. There should not be any false alarm and also there must be an alarm in case to threat. The
output device's capability, print quality, response time requirements etc should also be considered
form design elaborates the way the output is presented and layout available for capturing
information. It's very helpful to produce the clear, accurate and speedy formation for end users.
4.6.2 Input Design

In the input design, user-originated inputs are converted into a computer-based system format. It
also includes determining the record media, method of input, speed of capture any entry on to the
screen. This deals with the collection of data from the environment and the regulated source of
power supply. The data flow diagram indicates logical data flow, data stores, source and
destination. Input data are collected and organized into a group of similar data once identified input
media are selected for processing.
It this software, the main focus is to get data in analog form from environment that can be
processed to detect the act of fire according to the predefined guidelines. The importance is given
to develop Graphical User Interface (GUI), which is an important factor in developing efficient
and user friendly software. For inputting user data, attractive forms are designed. Also the
important input format is designed it such a way that accidental errors are avoided. The user has
to input only just the minimum data required, which also helps in avoiding the errors that the users
may make. Accurate designing of the input format is very important in developing efficient
software. The goal of input design is to make entry as easy, logical and free from errors.
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4.6.3 Logical Design
Logical data design is about the logically implied data. Each and every data in the form can be
designed in such a manner to understand the meaning. Logical data designing should give a clear
understanding & idea about the related data used to construct a form. During the logical design
phase of the project life cycle, we design a logical architecture showing the interrelationships of
the logical components of the solution. The logical architecture and the usage analysis from the
technical requirements phase form a deployment scenario, which is the input to the deployment
design phase.
When developing a logical architecture you need to identify not only the components that provide
services to users, but also other components that provide necessary middleware and platform
services. Infrastructure service dependencies and logical tiers provide two complementary ways
of performing this analysis. The logical design of a system pertains to an abstract representation
of the data flows, inputs and outputs of the system. This is often conducted via modelling, using
an over-abstract (and sometimes graphical) model of the actual system. In the context of systems,
designs are included. Logical design includes data flor diagrams, sequence diagrams, class
diagrams.
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4.7 Program Flow Chart
START
Initialize GSM module, PIR sensor,
Gas sensor, Buzzer
Yes
Detection?
No
Gas Leakage Yes

Detection? Turn on LED, Buzzer and Send SMS
to Owner mobile phone
No
Yes
PIR Detection?
END
Figure 4.4: Flow chart of project
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4.8 Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data through an
information system, modelling its process aspects. Often they are a preliminary step used to create
an overview of the system which can later be elaborated. DFDs can also be used for the
visualization of data processing (structured design).
A DFD shows what kinds of information will be input to and output from the system, where the
data will come from and go to, and where the data will be stored. It does not show information
about the timing of processes, or information about whether processes will operate in sequence or
in parallel.
With a data flow diagram, users are able to visualize how the system will operate, what the system
will accomplish, and how the system will be implemented. Data flow diagrams can be used to
provide the end user with a physical idea of where the data they input ultimately has an effect upon
the structure of the whole system from order to dispatch to report.
Data Flow Diagram Symbols:-
Function
Input/output
Flow Line
40
4.8.1 Level-0
This is a top level data flow diagram. It only contains one process node that generalizes the
functions of the entire system in relationship to external entities.
Some important points are: -
• Inputs going into a process are different from outputs leaving the process.
 Data stores are first shown at this level.

4.8.2 DFD Level 0
SENSORS
ARDUINO UNO
ALARM LED SMS on Phone
Figure 4.5: Data Flow diagram
41
4.8.3 DFD Level 1
PIR SENSOR LED

LCD DISPLAY
GAS SENSOR
ARDUINO UNO
BUZZER
REGULATOR
GSM MODULE
SERVO MOTOR EXHAUST FAN
Figure 4.6: Data Flow diagram
4.9 Class Diagram

The class diagram is the main building block of object-oriented modelling. It is used both for
general conceptual modelling of the systematics of the application, and for detailed modelling
translating the models into programming code. Class diagrams can also be used for data modelling.
The classes in a class diagram represent both the main elements, interactions in the application,
and the classes to be programmed.
In the diagram, classes are represented with boxes that contain three compartments:
• The top compartment contains the name of the class. It is printed in bold and centered, and the
first letter is capitalized.
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• The middle compartment contains the attributes of the class. They are left-aligned and the first
letter is lowercase.
• The bottom compartment contains the operations the class can execute. They are also left-aligned
and the first letter is lowercase.
4.10 Sequence Diagram
Figure 4.7: Sequence diagram of outputs
43
Figure 4.8: Sequence diagram of Gas sensor
Figure 4.9: Sequence diagram of PIR sensor
44
45
5.1 Implementation
We have used SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) Model for the development of our
project. To design each module we follow the iterative model till we get the right module that
fulfils our requirements. SDLC, an acronym for Software Development Life Cycle, is a well-
defined and systematic approach, put into practice for the development of a reliable high quality
information system. It’s a methodology that is employed by business analysts which describes the
activities carried out at each juncture of the development of software. The end result of a well
described and handled SDLC would be a highly dependable software system that leaves the
customer ecstatic in terms of its working, completion accomplished well within time and expense
estimates, works proficiently and effectively in the prevailing environment and infrastructure, and
is easy on the pocket to maintain and economical to enhance. We have used the most widely used
SDLC model which is Iterative Enhancement Model. The Iterative Enhancement model is a
sequential design process, often used in software development processes, in which progress is seen
as flowing steadily downwards through the phases of Conception, Initiation, Analysis, Design,
Construction, Testing, Production/Implementation.
The various phases can be described as follows:
 Requirement Analysis and Software Definition: This is the first phase of waterfall model
which includes analyzing the project motive and what all hardware’s or software’s will be
required to fulfil the desired motive. This is the most crucial phase as any misinterpretation
at this stage may give rise to validation issues later. The software definition must be
detailed and accurate
 With no ambiguities. It is very important to understand the customer requirements and
expectations so that the end product meets his specifications.
 System design: The inter relation between the various logical modules is established at this
stage. Algorithms and diagrams defining the scope and objective of each logical model are
developed. In short, this phase lays a fundamental for actual programming and
implementation.
 System Implementation: This is the software process in which actual coding takes place.
A software program is written based upon the algorithm designed in the system design
phase. A piece of code is written for every module and checked for the output.
46
 System Testing: The programmatically implemented software module is tested for the
correct output. Bugs, errors are removed at this stage. In the process of software testing, a
series of tests and test cases are performed to check the module for bugs, faults and other
errors. Erroneous codes are rewritten and tested again until desired output is achieved.
 System Deployment and maintenance: This is the final phase of the waterfall model, in
which the completed software product is handed over to the client after alpha, beta testing.
After the software has been deployed on the client site, it is the duty of the software
development team to undertake routine maintenance activities by visiting the client site. If
the customer suggests changes or enhancements the software process has to be followed
all over again right from the first phase i.e. requirement analysis. This is the biggest
shortcoming of the waterfall model.
 Thus, Iterative Enhancement model is easy to implement and more often than not produces
desired result. The inter-dependence of waterfall model phases may lead to developmental
issues, if a systematic approach is not followed at each step. However, in spite of these
shortcomings, waterfall model is adopted all across the world.
5.1.1 Maintenance Features
Automated home security systems are expected to protect people, property, and assets. But we
can’t tell if they’re fully operational just by looking at them. As with any other system, electronics
and other components can degrade over time and compromise the system’s operation. Dust, dirt,
and other contaminants can cause problems with smoke detectors. Such things as vandalism,
remodeling, and improper maintenance procedures can also damage fire protection equipment.
The good news is that with proper testing, inspection, and maintenance you can keep your security
system at optimum operating performance. In addition to ensuring protection, keeping your system
in good condition reduces expenses by preventing unbudgeted emergency repairs and costly false
alarms. Common issues inspectors include non-operational equipment or equipment that does not
operate as originally installed, according to such parameters as sound pressure levels and detector
sensitivity.
Other issues commonly encountered in an automated Home security system include: systems that
have not been maintained properly, such as not cleaning detectors in harsh environments, system
modifications that are not code compliant and, as a result, hinder system performance and integrity,
and poor system installations and modifications. A lack of knowledge about the system, improper
47
documentation, and improper component and circuit labelling also can pose problems during
maintaining the system. Also, accidental discharges of fire suppression systems, such as clean
agents and deluge sprinklers, can occur if the service company is not aware of specific system
functions or does not follow proper testing protocol.
The age of a security system and detection system also can pose problems during maintaining the
system. Systems that are 15 years old and older might have lived out their performance lives.
Maintaining systems of this age typically uncovers problems that include equipment that no longer
functions properly, defective components requiring replacement, and poorly maintained
equipment. Addressing system problems can be as simple as replacing faulty components,
repairing wiring and conducting routine maintenance. Using competent, experienced contractors
for system installations can reduce future problems resulting from poor installations.
The potential problem, however, is that not all fire alarm systems are subject to the same
environmental and ambient conditions. Therefore, meeting minimum standards of all applicable
codes and standards may not provide the optimum protection for a facility. Because of this, service
organizations may recommend inspections and maintenance that exceed published standards and
guidelines.
The maintenance activities for fire alarm systems can be summed up in five steps-
 Test and calibrate sensors, such as temperature, PIR sensor, smoke detectors, RFID reader.
This requires knowing about the different sensors and their testing requirements, failure
modes, and reinstallation requirements.
 Simulate inputs and test the annunciators. This requires specific knowledge of the system
under test.
 Set sensitivity. This requires an understanding of the particular system, the specific
application, and fire detection theory.
Check the battery for corrosion and expiration date, and then take appropriate action, if necessary.
System maintenance: In addition to system age, budget and staffing resources are also considered
whether the staffs has the time and expertise to properly maintain this critical life safety system or
will it be more cost effective to have the manufacturer’s service organization or a contractor
specializing in fire alarms perform the maintenance? The most stringent standards and guidelines
are meaningless unless the people performing the inspection, testing, and maintenance are
knowledgeable and qualified to service the fire alarm system. Facility maintenance people usually
48
don’t possess the experience and knowledge found in manufacturer’s service technicians, whose
daily work revolves around fire alarm system technology in a variety of environments and
circumstances. This problem can be solved by training people for the defined task. This approach
works, if done on an ongoing basis. We can get around the training dilemma by using a service
agreement. These can range from a basic on call agreement to regularly scheduled service visits.
Emergency service offering four hour and eight hour response times, on a 24hr a day basis, is an
option available in most service agreements. This service usually provides response within the
specified time, along with repair and replacement of equipment. Rapid emergency response is
almost universal for the healthcare and lodging industries because of around the clock.
5.1.2 Sensors maintenance
The most crucial parts of the automated Home security system are the temperature, smoke sensors,
PIR sensor and GSM module. In our project we have used the Lm35 temperature sensor, MQ2
smoke sensor, and PIR Sensor. If these sensors would not work properly, the fire developed, any
leakage of gas and intrusion entry cannot be identified and hence the project is of no use. Therefore
it is important to maintain these sensors. The maintenance of the sensors includes some important
parameters such as the sensors should calibrate properly the sensors should sense the values as
early as possible. The sensors should also be tested from time to time as to check that whether they
are in working condition and perform their desired function. The sensors should cover as much
area as possible to prevent the damage form fire. The sensors used should be scalable. The PIR
sensors enhances the systems performance. In winter and summer, the PIR sensor operates
differently due to the differences in ambient air temperature. The SENS control may have to be
adjusted at the beginning of winter and against the beginning of summer to maintain the desired
operating performance.
5.2 System Architecture
Many gas detecting systems are available which can detect different levels of gas concentrations
effectively. In this paper we present sensor network for gas leak detection based on a small-scale
and low cost device those achieve Processing and sensing and communicating. The basic block
diagram of the proposed system is shown in figure.
49
Exhaust
Fan
MQ-5 Gas Sensor GSM

Arduino UNO
Module Module
LED Buzzer PIR
Figure 5.1: Block diagram system architecture
Figure 5.2: Architecture diagram
50
51
6.1 Testing
Testing Software Testing is the process used to identify the completeness, correctness, security
and quality of the product being developed. Testing involves technical investigation which is
performed on behalf of end users. This is intended to reveal quality related information about the
product in a context in which it is intended to operate. This is just not limited to the process of
executing a program or application with the intent of finding errors. Quality is not an absolute and
never completely establishes the correctness of computer software. The software testing is usually
performed for the following objectives:-
Software Quality improvement: - The computer and the software are mainly used for complex
and critical applications and a bug or fault in software causes severe losses. So a great
consideration is required for checking for quality of software.
Verification and Validation: -Verification means to test that we are building the product in right
way .i.e. are we using the correct procedure for the development of software so that it can meet
the user requirements. Validation means to check whether we are building the right product or not.
Software Reliability Estimation: - The objective is to discover the residual designing errors
before delivery to the customer. The failure data during process are taken down in order to estimate
the software reliability.
6.1.1 System Testing

System testing tests a completely integrated system to verify that it meets its requirements. In
addition, the software testing should ensure that the program, as well as working as expected, does
not also destroy or partially corrupt its operating environment or cause other processes within that
environment to become inoperative (this includes not corrupting shared Memory, not consuming
or locking up excessive resources arid leaving any parallel processes unharmed by its
presence).The “Gas Leakage controlling system” system has been undergone system testing very
carefully and the system meets the desired outcome and performs well without effecting the
operating environment.
6.1.2 Unit Testing
Unit testing is a method in which each unit or set of one or more modules are tested with associated
data, operating procedure and usage method for determining fitness of product for use. Each unit
can be defined as smallest testable part of the product. A unit can be entire module but commonly
52
it is commonly individual procedure or function. We have tested all the parts of the project
individually such as sensors and all the function are also tested and the expected result is obtained.
6.1.3 Integration Testing
Integration testing is a part of software testing in which each individual module are combined into
a group and tested. It occurs after finishing unit testing. Integration takes modules that have been
tested in unit testing as input, groups them and applies test case defined. The need of integration
testing is to verify performance, functional and reliable requirements mentioned during design
phase. Test cases are defined to test that all components connected interact correctly using
procedure calls. If some module fails to meet minimum requirement, changes are made to that
module so that it starts functioning properly. The various modules of the automated system are
integrated and tested to check whether they perform well together or not.
6.1.4 Regression Testing
Regression testing is any type of software testing that seeks to uncover new software bugs, or
regressions, in existing functional and non-functional areas of a system after changes, such as
enhancements, patches or configuration changes, have been made to them. The intent of regression
testing is to ensure that a change such as those mentioned above has not introduced new faults.
One of the main reasons for regression testing is to determine whether a change in one part of the
software affects other parts of the software. Common methods of regression testing include
rerunning previously-completed tests and checking whether program behaviour has changed and
whether previously-fixed faults have re-emerged.
6.1.5 Black box Testing
Black box testing is a method of software testing that examines the functionality of an application
without peering into its internal structures or workings. This method of test can be applied to
virtually every level of software testing: unit, integration, system and acceptance. It typically
comprises most if not all higher level testing, but can also dominate unit testing as well. Specific
knowledge of the application's code/internal structure and programming knowledge in general is
not required. The tester is aware of what the software is supposed to do but is not aware of how it
does it. For instance, the tester is aware that a particular input returns a certain, invariable output
but is not aware of how the software produces the output in the first place.
53
6.1.6 White box Testing
White Box Testing (also known as Clear Box Testing, Open Box Testing, Glass Box Testing,
Transparent Box Testing, Code Based Testing or Structural Testing) is a software testing method
in which the internal structure/ design/ implementation of the item being tested is known to the
tester. The tester chooses inputs to exercise paths through the code and determines the appropriate
outputs. Programming knows how and the implementation knowledge is essential. White box
testing is testing beyond the user interface and into the nitty-gritty of a system.
The code of the developed project has been tested successfully with various inputs to achieve the
desired output. For example, the code including the port that connects the temperature sensor and
smoke sensor provide input to the respective port mentioned in the code. Thus the developed
project also satisfies the white box testing.
Steps to test a Home Security system are as follows:-
 Test and calibrate sensors, such as temperature, PIR sensor, smoke detectors, per
manufacturer specifications. This requires knowing about the different sensors and their
testing requirements, failure modes, and reinstallation requirements.
 Simulate inputs and test the annunciators. This requires specific knowledge of the system
under test.
 Set sensitivity. This requires an understanding of the particular system, the application, and
the fire detection theory.
6.2 Test Cases

Test cases are built around specifications and requirements, i.e., what the application is supposed
to do. Test cases are generally derived from external descriptions of the software, including
specifications, requirements and design parameters. Although the tests used are primarily
functional in nature, non-functional tests may also be used. The test designer selects both valid and
invalid inputs and determines the correct output, often with the help of an oracle or a previous
result that is known to be good, without any knowledge of the test object's internal structure.
54
Test Case
6.2.1 TC 1: Sensor
Number TC-1 Date :Created: 18-06-2018 Created by: Habiba
Requirement #01
Description: Sense the Gas leakage in a better way.
Steps
Step Type Description Expected Actual, if P/F Date By
different
from
Expected
TC1 Bits and { { Pass 18-06- Habiba

Numeric. 2018
Sense the Sensor sense Sensor
Gas leakage the gas should be
in a better successfully connected
way. in the in a right
envoirment. connection.
}
}
55
Data
Item Data Input Test Type Expected P/F Date By
Result
1 { { { Pass 18-06- Habiba

2018
Detect the Test to Valid
motion of a Pass. connection.
human.
} }
Detect the
leakage of
gas.
}
Operating System Environment Software’s used Version
Windows 7 Normal user Android studio version 1

environment under
windows 7 Arduino
Executed: 18-06-2018 Executed By: Habiba Passed/Failed: passed
Failed Reason:
Connection is not valid and may be error in a code.
Table 6.1: Sensor
56
Test Case
6.2.2 TC 2: ON and OFF objects
Number TC-2 Date :Created: 20-06-2018 Created by: Habiba
Requirement #02
Description: Through android application we can control the functionality of a project.
Steps
different
from
Expected
TC2 Binary { { Pass 20-06- Habiba

format. 2018
Control the Give the Bluetooth
ON and OFF accurate connection
functionality. results of is not valid.
desired
} components.
57
Data
Result
1 { { { Pass 20-06- Habiba

2018
Detect the Test to Valid
motion of a Pass. connection.
human.
} }
Detect the
leakage of
gas.
}

environment under
windows 7 Arduino
Executed: 20-06-2018 Executed By: Habiba Passed/Failed: passed
Failed Reason:
Bluetooth connection is not valid.
Table 6.2: ON and OFF objects
58
Test Case
6.2.3 TC 3: SMS Alert
Number TC-3 Date :Created: 22-06-2018 Created by: Kanwal Manzoor
Requirement #03
Description: Send SMS to user to inform about the current situation.
Steps
different
from
Expected
TC3 Alphabet { { Pass 22-06- Kanwal

and 2018
Numeric. Send SMS User receive SMS did
to the user the SMS not
about Gas successfully received.
leakage. and take the
action in case
} of damage.
59
Data
Item Data Test Type Expected P/F Date By
Input Result
1 { { { Pass 22-06- Kanwal

2018
Send SMS Test to Successfully
to user. Pass. send.
} } }

environment under
windows 7 Arduino
Executed: 22-06-2018 Executed By: Kanwal Manzoor Passed/Failed: passed
Failed Reason:
Message not received to user.
Table 6.3: SMS Alert
60
Test Case
6.2.4 TC 4: Alerts
Number TC-4 Date :Created: 24-06-2018 Created by: Kanwal Manzoor
Requirement #04
Description: Show output on LCD and beep the buzzer in case of any alert.
Steps
different
from
Expected
TC4 Bits and { { Pass 24-06- Kanwal

Alphabet. 2018
Both Show the Connection
components result on LCD is not valid.
used for and beep the
output. buzzer in case
of Gas
} leakage.
61
Data
Result
1 { { { Pass 24-06- Kanwal

2018
Sense the gas Test the Successfully
and show output. show the
notification output.
on LCD and }
beep the }
buzzer.
}

environment under
windows 7 Arduino
Executed: 24-06-2018 Executed By: Kanwal Manzoor Passed/Failed: passed
Failed Reason:
Connection is not established correctly.
Table6.4: Alerts
62
6.3 Screen shots of Android studio Application
Figure 6.1: Android App Figure 6.2: Android App
Description
In a “Gas Leakage Detection System” we have also develop an Android Application. This
Application is very helpful in our project. By Using this App we control some components of our
project to enhance the functionality of our project. Here in Fig 7.1 is our Splash form we have
design 2 Arduino and arduino GIF images in Adobe Photoshop and set in our first Android activity.
We have used gradient colors as a background. In Fig 7.2 we have used the codding of connection
of a Bluetooth device. The Mobile Bluetooth and Arduino Bluetooth are pairing together. After
this the connection of both devices are established
63
Screen shots of Android studio Application
Figure 6.3: Android App Figure 6.4: Android App
Description
Here in Fig 7.3 when we click on a paired device button all the Bluetooth devices address are
shown in Figure “HC-06” is Arduino Bluetooth connection. When we click on a “HC-06” item
the connection of both devices are established. In Fig 7.4 the both devices are connected
successfully.
64
Screen shots of Android studio Application
Figure 6.5: Android App
Description
Here this activity shows the connection of 4 components Light, PIR, Regulator and Exhaust Fan.
We have to control these devices by using Android Application. If the user have this App then
User can ON and OFF all the components easily. If the user On the PIR sensor we can check have
anyone around the system? By using Regulator we can on and off the regulator for our security. If
the Gas leakage at a high level then we can ON the Exhaust fan to decrease smell of gas in the air.
This is our new feature in this project.
65
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7.1Conclution:
The gas leakage detection system was proposed, designed and successfully implemented in this
paper for home safety and industrial applications. In the proposed system, kitchen parameters such
as gas leakage, fire, and light intensity and LPG gas weight age can be monitored and also
controlled by the modules such as when gas will be detected exhausted fan ON automatically to
send gas outside of the space. A wide variety of gas leakage and monitoring system is available.
To overcome the disadvantages in existing system, new systems are developing day by day. A few
existing systems and their block diagrams are discussed in this paper. The main aim of this paper
is to detect the gases and to prevent from hazardous accidents. This paper helps in identifying the
exact location of gas leakage in working atmosphere and the intimation is given through a text via
GSM/GPS. It is monitored live on a screen. Thus it ensures easy maintenance and enhances safety
as well as provides low power consumption and cost effective system. As well as Large industrial
or residential area can be monitored through the proposed system installing multiple modules, each
for one floor or unit. The motive of designing a cost effective and reliable LPG leakage detector
and automatic gas booking is successfully done by this paper.
As a conclusion, this gas leakage monitoring system by using Arduino was successfully developed
and works well. There are various type of project using the same wireless concept in different field
of application but in this system consists of many features compared to other projects, such as the
monitoring system developed by using LabVIEW GUI, Zigbee transceiver used to monitor the gas
concentration
This system detects the leakage of the Gas and alerts the consumer about the leak by SMS and as
an emergency measure the system will turn off the power supply, while activating the alarm and
display on LCD makes it an efficient home security system. Also alarm system built by using
buzzer to alert the workers, and in the autonomous control system used to trigger the exhaust fan
automatically in order to ventilate the dangerous gases in the room as well as auto shut down the
main power and the gas supply within 10 minutes upon the leakage occurs to prevent the condition
getting serious. Last but not least, this system was built for the purpose of lifesaving that many
people in a wide range of industries rely on to alert them to an explosive or hazardous atmosphere
and prevent any disaster happen. By testing the system prototype model it is found that when a
small amount of Gas is introduced near the gas sensor the system detects the leakage and suddenly
activates its indicators.
67
This research work has many advantages which are as follows:
 The Research Work is easy to use and it gives remote indication to the user.
 The Sensor used in this Research Work has excellent sensitivity combined with a quick fast
response time.
 The system is highly reliable, tamper-proof and secure.
 In the long run the maintenance cost is very less when compared to the present systems.
 It is possible to get instantaneous results and with high accuracy.
7.2 Future Scope
This monitoring system can be further enhanced by using Bluetooth in place of GSM to send the
alert messages to user, which supports the another real-time application. For industrial purposes
mobile robot can be developed for detecting multiple gas concentrations. Also detects high
pressure gas in cylinder pipe of exact location, displaying the alert messages via SMS and LCD
displays.
68
69
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Gas Leakage Controller System

Project Report submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of

FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Kanwal Manzoor Habiba

Chairperson: Ms. Saher Hussnain

Supervisor: Ms. Saher Hussnain

Member 1: Ms. Zunaira Sattar

Member 2: Ms. Saira Nosheen

4.1 Project Planning ……………………………………………………………………………. 31

1.2 Background of Project

1.3 Problem Description

1.4 Objective of Project

The objectives of our project are as follows:

 To analysis the sensor for natural gas leakage detection.

1.5 Project scope

3. These sensors will be connected directly and controlled by a microcontroller.

 Smoke/Safety detection system.

Gas Sensor Microcontroller GSM Module

Figure 2.1: Block diagram of GSM based gas monitoring system

 To be used in large industries which use gas as their production.

This project has many advantages which are as follows:

 The system is highly reliable and secure.

 It is possible to get instantaneous results and with high accuracy.

3.1.1 Existed system

MQ-2 Gas Sensor LCD Module

PIR Sensor Buzzer

Exhaust Fan Servo Motor

Figure 3.1: Block Diagram of existing System

Figure 3.2: Arduino Board

3.3 COMPONENTS OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

Figure 3.4: Gas sensor

3.3.3 Arduino Uno

Figure 3.6: Arduino

3.4 Block diagram of proposed system

.3.5 Working of proposed system

3.7 Character of Natural Gas Service

3.8 New Natural Gas Service or Construction

3.9 Temporary Service

3.10 Requirement Analysis

3.10.5 Software Requirements

3.11 Feasibility Study

3.12 Use case Diagram

ON and OFF PIR

Figure 3.8: Use case diagram of project

3.12.1 Use Case Scenario:

Use Case # Use Case 1.1

Use Case Name Sensor

Table 3.1: Use case 1

Use Case Name ON and OFF objects

Table 3.2: Use case 2

Use Case # Use Case 1.3

Use Case Name SMS alerts

Table 3.3: Use case 3

Use Case # Use Case 1.4

Use Case Name Alerts

Table 3.4: Use case 4

Gas Leakage Controller System

Requirement Analysis Design Building and Refining Testing Implementation

Hardware Hardware Prototype Direct

Figure 4.1: WBS diagram

Sr. No. Task Starting Date Ending Date

Table 4.1: Schedule

Figure 4.2: Gantt chart

Figure 4.3: Network diagram