Lef B D d' d D/B lef/d fck fy Mu,lim

5000 360 540 40 500 1.5 10 40 500 478800000

5000 270 540 40 500 2 10 40 500 359100000
5000 216 540 40 500 2.5 10 40 500 287280000
5000 180 540 40 500 3 10 40 500 239400000

5000 248.8889 373.3333 40 333.3333 1.5 15 40 500 147120987.7

5000 186.6667 373.3333 40 333.3333 2 15 40 500 110340740.7
5000 149.3333 373.3333 40 333.3333 2.5 15 40 500 88272592.59
5000 124.4444 373.3333 40 333.3333 3 15 40 500 73560493.83

5000 193.3333 290 40 250 1.5 20 40 500 64283333.33

5000 145 290 40 250 2 20 40 500 48212500
5000 116 290 40 250 2.5 20 40 500 38570000
5000 96.66667 290 40 250 3 20 40 500 32141666.67

10000 693.3333 1040 40 1000 1.5 10 40 500 3688533333

10000 520 1040 40 1000 2 10 40 500 2766400000
10000 416 1040 40 1000 2.5 10 40 500 2213120000
10000 346.6667 1040 40 1000 3 10 40 500 1844266667

10000 471.1111 706.6667 40 666.6667 1.5 15 40 500 1113916049

10000 353.3333 706.6667 40 666.6667 2 15 40 500 835437037
10000 282.6667 706.6667 40 666.6667 2.5 15 40 500 668349629.6
10000 235.5556 706.6667 40 666.6667 3 15 40 500 556958024.7

10000 360 540 40 500 1.5 20 40 500 478800000

10000 270 540 40 500 2 20 40 500 359100000
10000 216 540 40 500 2.5 20 40 500 287280000
10000 180 540 40 500 3 20 40 500 239400000

15000 1026.667 1540 40 1500 1.5 10 40 500 12289200000

15000 770 1540 40 1500 2 10 40 500 9216900000
15000 616 1540 40 1500 2.5 10 40 500 7373520000
15000 513.3333 1540 40 1500 3 10 40 500 6144600000

15000 693.3333 1040 40 1000 1.5 15 40 500 3688533333

15000 520 1040 40 1000 2 15 40 500 2766400000
15000 416 1040 40 1000 2.5 15 40 500 2213120000
15000 346.6667 1040 40 1000 3 15 40 500 1844266667

15000 526.6667 790 40 750 1.5 20 40 500 1576050000

15000 395 790 40 750 2 20 40 500 1182037500
15000 316 790 40 750 2.5 20 40 500 945630000
15000 263.3333 790 40 750 3 20 40 500 788025000
 Xu,lim Ast,lim pt %
230 2728.53161917 1.5158508995
230 2046.39871438 1.5158508995
230 1637.1189715 1.5158508995
230 1364.26580958 1.5158508995

153.3333 1257.59482036 1.5158508995

153.3333 943.196115268 for balanced section
153.3333 754.556892214
153.3333 628.797410179

115 732.66126811
115 549.495951082
115 439.596760866
115 366.330634055

460 10509.8995701
460 7882.4246776
460 6305.93974208
460 5254.94978506

306.6667 4760.89467707
306.6667 3570.6710078
306.6667 2856.53680624
306.6667 2380.44733853

230 2728.53161917
230 2046.39871438
230 1637.1189715
230 1364.26580958

690 23344.1038529
690 17508.0778897
690 14006.4623117
690 11672.0519264

460 10509.8995701
460 7882.4246776
460 6305.93974208
460 5254.94978506

345 5987.61105317
345 4490.70828988
345 3592.5666319
345 2993.80552659
 Lef B D d' d D/B lef/d fck fy
5000 360 540 40 500 1.5 10 40 500
5000 270 540 40 500 2 10 40 500
5000 216 540 40 500 2.5 10 40 500
5000 180 540 40 500 3 10 40 500

5000 248.888888889 373.3333 40 333.3333 1.5 15 40 500

5000 186.666666667 373.3333 40 333.3333 2 15 40 500
5000 149.333333333 373.3333 40 333.3333 2.5 15 40 500
5000 124.444444444 373.3333 40 333.3333 3 15 40 500

5000 193.333333333 290 40 250 1.5 20 40 500

5000 145 290 40 250 2 20 40 500
5000 116 290 40 250 2.5 20 40 500
5000 96.6666666667 290 40 250 3 20 40 500

10000 693.333333333 1040 40 1000 1.5 10 40 500

10000 520 1040 40 1000 2 10 40 500
10000 416 1040 40 1000 2.5 10 40 500
10000 346.666666667 1040 40 1000 3 10 40 500

10000 471.111111111 706.6667 40 666.6667 1.5 15 40 500

10000 353.333333333 706.6667 40 666.6667 2 15 40 500
10000 282.666666667 706.6667 40 666.6667 2.5 15 40 500
10000 235.555555556 706.6667 40 666.6667 3 15 40 500

10000 360 540 40 500 1.5 20 40 500

10000 270 540 40 500 2 20 40 500
10000 216 540 40 500 2.5 20 40 500
10000 180 540 40 500 3 20 40 500

15000 1026.66666667 1540 40 1500 1.5 10 40 500

15000 770 1540 40 1500 2 10 40 500
15000 616 1540 40 1500 2.5 10 40 500
15000 513.333333333 1540 40 1500 3 10 40 500

15000 693.333333333 1040 40 1000 1.5 15 40 500

15000 520 1040 40 1000 2 15 40 500
15000 416 1040 40 1000 2.5 15 40 500
15000 346.666666667 1040 40 1000 3 15 40 500

15000 526.666666667 790 40 750 1.5 20 40 500

15000 395 790 40 750 2 20 40 500
15000 316 790 40 750 2.5 20 40 500
15000 263.333333333 790 40 750 3 20 40 500
 Mu,lim Xu,lim Ast,lim Mu a b
478800000 230 2728.5316192 287280000 -15.33000000 217500
359100000 230 2046.3987144 215460000 -20.4409722222 217500
287280000 230 1637.1189715 172368000 -25.5512152778 217500
239400000 230 1364.2658096 143640000 -30.6614583333 217500

147120987.654 153.3333333 1257.5948204 88272592.59259 -22.1748046875 145000

110340740.741 153.3333333 943.19611527 66204444.44444 -29.56640625 145000
88272592.5926 153.3333333 754.55689221 52963555.55556 -36.9580078125 145000
73560493.8272 153.3333333 628.79741018 44136296.2963 -44.349609375 145000

64283333.3333 115 732.66126811 38570000 -28.546875 108750

48212500 115 549.49595108 28927500 -38.0625 108750
38570000 115 439.59676087 23142000 -47.578125 108750
32141666.6667 115 366.33063405 19285000 -57.09375 108750

3688533333.33 460 10509.89957 2213120000 -7.9601862981 435000

2766400000 460 7882.4246776 1659840000 -10.6135817308 435000
2213120000 460 6305.9397421 1327872000 -13.2669771635 435000
1844266666.67 460 5254.9497851 1106560000 -15.9203725962 435000

1113916049.38 306.6666667 4760.8946771 668349629.6296 -11.7149911557 290000

835437037.037 306.6666667 3570.6710078 501262222.2222 -15.6199882075 290000
668349629.63 306.6666667 2856.5368062 401009777.7778 -19.5249852594 290000
556958024.691 306.6666667 2380.4473385 334174814.8148 -23.4299823113 290000

478800000 230 2728.5316192 287280000 -15.3307291667 217500

359100000 230 2046.3987144 215460000 -20.4409722222 217500
287280000 230 1637.1189715 172368000 -25.5512152778 217500
239400000 230 1364.2658096 143640000 -30.6614583333 217500

12289200000 690 23344.103853 7373520000 -5.3757102273 652500

9216900000 690 17508.07789 5530140000 -7.1676136364 652500
7373520000 690 14006.462312 4424112000 -8.9595170455 652500
6144600000 690 11672.051926 3686760000 -10.7514204545 652500

3688533333.33 460 10509.89957 2213120000 -7.9601862981 435000

2766400000 460 7882.4246776 1659840000 -10.6135817308 435000
2213120000 460 6305.9397421 1327872000 -13.2669771635 435000
1844266666.67 460 5254.9497851 1106560000 -15.9203725962 435000

1576050000 345 5987.6110532 945630000 -10.4792325949 326250

1182037500 345 4490.7082899 709222500 -13.9723101266 326250
945630000 345 3592.5666319 567378000 -17.4653876582 326250
788025000 345 2993.8055266 472815000 -20.9584651899 326250
 c X1 X2 Pt of steel
-287280000 1473.9542857769 12713.91264 0.81886349
-215460000 1105.472609662 9534.921479 0.8188686
-172368000 884.3780877296 7627.937183 0.8188686
-143640000 736.9817397747 6356.614319 0.8188686

-88272592.5925926 679.3576531256 5859.595093 0.8188686

-66204444.4444444 509.5182398442 4394.69632 0.8188686
-52963555.5555555 407.6145918754 3515.757056 0.8188686
-44136296.2962963 339.6788265628 2929.797546 0.8188686

-38570000 395.786489879 3413.73732 0.8188686

-28927500 296.8398674092 2560.30299 0.8188686
-23142000 237.4718939274 2048.242392 0.8188686
-19285000 197.8932449395 1706.86866 0.8188686

-2213120000 5677.488958264 48969.47327 0.8188686

-1659840000 4258.116718698 36727.10496 0.8188686
-1327872000 3406.4933749584 29381.68396 0.8188686
-1106560000 2838.744479132 24484.73664 0.8188686

-668349629.629629 2571.853972547 22182.75285 0.8188686

-501262222.222222 1928.8904794102 16637.06464 0.8188686
-401009777.777778 1543.1123835282 13309.65171 0.8188686
-334174814.814815 1285.9269862735 11091.37643 0.8188686

-287280000 1473.9634795493 12713.22864 0.8188686

-215460000 1105.472609662 9534.921479 0.8188686
-172368000 884.3780877296 7627.937183 0.8188686
-143640000 736.9817397747 6356.614319 0.8188686

-7373520000 12610.5764361441 108768.7339 0.8188686

-5530140000 9457.9323271081 81576.55043 0.8188686
-4424112000 7566.3458616865 65261.24035 0.8188686
-3686760000 6305.2882180721 54384.36695 0.8188686

-2213120000 5677.488958264 48969.47327 0.8188686

-1659840000 4258.116718698 36727.10496 0.8188686
-1327872000 3406.4933749584 29381.68396 0.8188686
-1106560000 2838.744479132 24484.73664 0.8188686

-945630000 3234.530969011 27898.47396 0.8188686

-709222500 2425.8982267583 20923.85547 0.8188686
-567378000 1940.7185814066 16739.08437 0.8188686
-472815000 1617.2654845055 13949.23698 0.8188686
 fy d D fck B Ast Ast^2 Ast,max
500 500 540 40 360 217500 -15.3307 7776
500 500 540 40 270 217500 -20.441 5832
500 500 540 40 216 217500 -25.5512 4665.6
500 500 540 40 180 217500 -30.6615 3888

500 333.3333 373.3333 40 248.888888889 145000 -22.1748 3716.74074

500 333.3333 373.3333 40 186.666666667 145000 -29.5664 2787.55556
500 333.3333 373.3333 40 149.333333333 145000 -36.958 2230.04444
500 333.3333 373.3333 40 124.444444444 145000 -44.3496 1858.37037

500 250 290 40 193.333333333 108750 -28.5469 2242.66667

500 250 290 40 145 108750 -38.0625 1682
500 250 290 40 116 108750 -47.5781 1345.6
500 250 290 40 96.6666666667 108750 -57.0938 1121.33333

500 1000 1040 40 693.333333333 435000 -7.96019 28842.6667

500 1000 1040 40 520 435000 -10.6136 21632
500 1000 1040 40 416 435000 -13.267 17305.6
500 1000 1040 40 346.666666667 435000 -15.9204 14421.3333

500 666.6667 706.6667 40 471.111111111 290000 -11.715 13316.7407

500 666.6667 706.6667 40 353.333333333 290000 -15.62 9987.55556
500 666.6667 706.6667 40 282.666666667 290000 -19.525 7990.04444
500 666.6667 706.6667 40 235.555555556 290000 -23.43 6658.37037

500 500 540 40 360 217500 -15.3307 7776

500 500 540 40 270 217500 -20.441 5832
500 500 540 40 216 217500 -25.5512 4665.6
500 500 540 40 180 217500 -30.6615 3888

500 1500 1540 40 1026.66666667 652500 -5.37571 63242.6667

500 1500 1540 40 770 652500 -7.16761 47432
500 1500 1540 40 616 652500 -8.95952 37945.6
500 1500 1540 40 513.333333333 652500 -10.7514 31621.3333

500 1000 1040 40 693.333333333 435000 -7.96019 28842.6667

500 1000 1040 40 520 435000 -10.6136 21632
500 1000 1040 40 416 435000 -13.267 17305.6
500 1000 1040 40 346.666666667 435000 -15.9204 14421.3333

500 750 790 40 526.666666667 326250 -10.4792 16642.6667

500 750 790 40 395 326250 -13.9723 12482
500 750 790 40 316 326250 -17.4654 9985.6
500 750 790 40 263.333333333 326250 -20.9585 8321.33333
 Ast,min Ast,req Mu Mu=0.6Mu,lim Error
306 1473.9542857769 287278415.9 287280000 -1584.144652
229.5 1105.472609662 215460000 215460000 0
183.6 884.3780877296 172368000 172368000 0
153 736.9817397747 143640000 143640000 0
0
141.037037 679.3576531256 88272592.59 88272592.5926 0
105.777778 509.5182398442 66204444.44 66204444.4444 0
84.6222222 407.6145918754 52963555.56 52963555.5556 0
70.5185185 339.6788265628 44136296.3 44136296.2963 0
0
82.1666667 395.786489879 38570000 38570000 0
61.625 296.8398674092 28927500 28927500 0
49.3 237.4718939274 23142000 23142000 0
41.0833333 197.8932449395 19285000 19285000 0
0
1178.66667 5677.488958264 2213120000 2213120000 0
884 4258.116718698 1659840000 1659840000 0
707.2 3406.4933749584 1327872000 1327872000 0
589.333333 2838.744479132 1106560000 1106560000 0
0
533.925926 2571.853972547 668349629.6 668349629.63 0
400.444444 1928.8904794102 501262222.2 501262222.222 0
320.355556 1543.1123835282 401009777.8 401009777.778 0
266.962963 1285.9269862735 334174814.8 334174814.815 0
0
306 1473.9634795493 287280000 287280000 0
229.5 1105.472609662 215460000 215460000 0
183.6 884.3780877296 172368000 172368000 0
153 736.9817397747 143640000 143640000 0
0
2618 12610.5764361441 7373520000 7373520000 0
1963.5 9457.9323271081 5530140000 5530140000 0
1570.8 7566.3458616865 4424112000 4424112000 0
1309 6305.2882180721 3686760000 3686760000 0
0
1178.66667 5677.488958264 2213120000 2213120000 0
884 4258.116718698 1659840000 1659840000 0
707.2 3406.4933749584 1327872000 1327872000 0
589.333333 2838.744479132 1106560000 1106560000 0
0
671.5 3234.530969011 945630000 945630000 0
503.625 2425.8982267583 709222500 709222500 0
402.9 1940.7185814066 567378000 567378000 0
335.75 1617.2654845055 472815000 472815000 0
Points fc' Ec ε0 ε f
1 4800 3949075.84125704 0.0024309485 0.000364642 1440
2 4800 3949075.84125704 0.0024309485 0.0006 2233.39017
3 4800 3949075.84125704 0.0024309485 0.0013 3992.13039
4 4800 3949075.84125704 0.0024309485 0.0019 4657.85506
5 4800 3949075.84125704 0.0024309485 0.00243 4799.99963

0 0
1 4800 3949075.84125704 0.0024309485 0.000364642 1440
2 4800 3949075.84125704 0.0024309485 0.0006 2233.39017
3 4800 3949075.84125704 0.0024309485 0.0009 3125.73285
4 4800 3949075.84125704 0.0024309485 0.0012 3810.3934
5 4800 3949075.84125704 0.0024309485 0.0015 4290.16642
6 4800 3949075.84125704 0.0024309485 0.0018 4591.15158
7 4800 3949075.84125704 0.0024309485 0.002 4710.042
8 4800 3949075.84125704 0.0024309485 0.0022 4776.18323
9 4800 3949075.84125704 0.0024309485 0.00243 4799.99963
10 4800 3949075.84125704 0.0024309485 0.003 4695.74882
11 4800 3949075.84125704 0.0024309485 0.0035 4497.91139

0 0
1 35.6 24226.7198102308 0.0029389038 0.000440836 10.68
2 35.6 24226.7198102308 0.0029389038 0.0006 13.9544068
3 35.6 24226.7198102308 0.0029389038 0.0009 19.9345668
4 35.6 24226.7198102308 0.0029389038 0.0012 24.9177396
5 35.6 24226.7198102308 0.0029389038 0.0015 28.8298373
6 35.6 24226.7198102308 0.0029389038 0.0018 31.7121306
7 35.6 24226.7198102308 0.0029389038 0.002 33.1166216
8 35.6 24226.7198102308 0.0029389038 0.0022 34.157793
9 35.6 24226.7198102308 0.0029389038 0.00243 34.9659907
10 35.6 24226.7198102308 0.0029389038 0.003 35.5924656
11 35.6 24226.7198102308 0.0029389038 0.0035 35.6
 6000

5000
desayi &
Krishnan or MC 4000
Greger
3000

2000

1000

0
0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002 0.0025 0.003 0.0035 0.004

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002 0.0025 0.003 0.0035 0.004
.003 0.0035 0.004

03 0.0035 0.004
 eps fps 0.98fpu eps fps fps < 0.98fpu
0 0 0 0 0
0.008 224 0.008 1544.42284091 1918.84
0.0083 226.3333333333 0.0083 1560.51057884 1918.84 for pr
0.0085 230.5 0.0085 1589.23868228 1918.84
2000
0.0087 233.9090909091 0.0087 1612.74349418 1918.84 1800
0.0089 236.75 0.0089 1632.33083744 1918.84 1600
0.0091 239.1538461538 0.0091 1648.90474327 1918.84 1400
0.0093 241.2142857143 0.0093 1663.11094826 1918.84 1200
0.0095 243 0.0095 1675.4229926 1918.84 1000
0.0097 244.5625 0.0097 1686.19603138 1918.84 800
600
0.0099 245.9411764706 0.0099 1695.70165385 1918.84
400
0.0101 247.1666666667 0.0101 1704.15109603 1918.84 200
0.0103 248.2631578947 0.0103 1711.71112326 1918.84 0
0.0105 249.25 0.0105 1718.51514775 1918.84 0 0.005 0.01
0.0107 250.1428571429 0.0107 1724.67116992 1918.84
0.0109 250.9545454545 0.0109 1730.26755371 1918.84
0.0111 251.6956521739 0.0111 1735.37729543 1918.84
0.0113 252.375 0.0113 1740.06122533 1918.84
0.0115 253 0.0115 1744.37044085 1918.84
0.0117 253.5769230769 0.0117 1748.34817825 1918.84
0.0119 254.1111111111 0.0119 1752.03126843 1918.84
0.0121 254.6071428571 0.0121 1755.45128075 1918.84
0.0123 255.0689655172 0.0123 1758.63543014 1918.84
0.0125 255.5 0.0125 1761.60730291 1918.84
0.0127 255.9032258065 0.0127 1764.38744196 1918.84
0.0129 256.28125 0.0129 1766.99382231 1918.84
0.0131 256.6363636364 0.0131 1769.44224022 1918.84
0.0133 256.9705882353 0.0133 1771.74663354 1918.84
0.0135 257.2857142857 0.0135 1773.91934724 1918.84
0.0137 257.5833333333 0.0137 1775.97135463 1918.84
0.0139 257.8648648649 0.0139 1777.9124427 1918.84
0.0141 258.1315789474 0.0141 1779.75136824 1918.84
0.0143 258.3846153846 0.0143 1781.49598991 1918.84
0.0145 258.625 0.0145 1783.15338049 1918.84
0.0147 258.8536585366 0.0147 1784.72992276 1918.84
0.0149 259.0714285714 0.0149 1786.23139158 1918.84
0.0151 259.2790697674 0.0151 1787.66302464 1918.84
0.0171 260.9245283019 0.0171 1799.00804135 1918.84
0.0189 261.9516129032 0.0189 1806.08952759 1918.84
0.0215 263 0.0215 1813.3178891 1918.84
0.0259 264.1340206186 0.0259 1821.1366719 1918.84
0.0301 264.8220338983 0.0301 1825.8803479 1918.84
 for prestressed tendon
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035

0.2 0.394194
0.20000 0.394194 0.4 0.394194
0.40000 0.394194 0.6 0.394194
0.60000 0.394194 0.8 0.394194
0.80000 0.394194 1 0.394194
1.0000 0.394194
 eps fps e1 Eps Q N K fpy
0 0 0 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.008 1529.7450524788 0.934754491 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0083 1568.9034736167 0.9698077844 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0085 1590.965988193 0.9931766467 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0087 1609.7088007814 1.016545509 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0089 1625.2831679422 1.0399143713 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0091 1637.9998763262 1.0632832335 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0093 1648.2636902378 1.0866520958 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0095 1656.5067633016 1.1100209581 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0097 1663.1382727352 1.1333898204 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0099 1668.5156299498 1.1567586826 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0101 1672.9340372029 1.1801275449 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0103 1676.6279884568 1.2034964072 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0105 1679.7788131236 1.2268652695 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0107 1682.5242124427 1.2502341317 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0109 1684.9675340871 1.273602994 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0111 1687.1857890636 1.2969718563 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0113 1689.2361426195 1.3203407186 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0115 1691.1609658666 1.3437095808 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0117 1692.9916712548 1.3670784431 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0119 1694.7515798905 1.3904473054 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0121 1696.4580448979 1.4138161677 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0123 1698.1240154048 1.4371850299 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0125 1699.7591855512 1.4605538922 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0127 1701.370838105 1.4839227545 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0129 1702.964464324 1.5072916168 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0131 1704.5442201951 1.530660479 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0133 1706.113263048 1.5540293413 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0135 1707.6740006237 1.5773982036 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0137 1709.2282759522 1.6007670659 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0139 1710.7775050526 1.6241359281 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0141 1712.3227798555 1.6475047904 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0143 1713.8649454095 1.6708736527 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0145 1715.404658008 1.694242515 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0147 1716.942429111 1.7176113772 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0149 1718.4786586533 1.7409802395 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0151 1720.0136603946 1.7643491018 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0171 1735.3318009345 1.9980377246 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0189 1749.1030673205 2.208357485 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0215 1768.9914389073 2.5121526946 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0259 1802.6475785069 3.0262676647 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
0.0301 1834.7737887514 3.5170137725 195130 0.0392 14.84 1 1670
 MENEGOTTO & PINTO (1973)

2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035
n fc' ε0 Ec fc εc
3.436 42 0.001945 30459.48 11.07290095 0.000364
3.436 42 0.001945 30459.48 18.14473096 0.0006
3.436 42 0.001945 30459.48 35.90486531 0.0013
3.436 42 0.001945 30459.48 41.97238803 0.0019

3.146 37 0.001897 28588.98 10.37955088 0.000364 45

3.146 37 0.001897 28588.98 16.94233128 0.0006
40
3.146 37 0.001897 28588.98 32.54862063 0.0013
3.146 37 0.001897 28588.98 36.99991863 0.0019 35

30

25

0 0 20
0.000364 10.37955088 15
0.0006 16.94233128
10
0.0013 32.54862063
0.0019 36.99991863 5

0
0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015
 0 0
11.0729 0.000364
18.14473 0.0006
35.90487 0.0013
41.97239 0.0019

Column O

0.001 0.0015 0.002

 0 0 0 0
1200 1.2 -8.26E-02 1.65E-01
2400 2.4 -0.165172 3.30E-01
3600 3.6 -0.247763 4.96E-01
LOAD (kN) V
4800 4.8 -0.330357 6.61E-01
6000 6 -0.412955 8.26E-01 80
7200 7.2 -0.495556 9.91E-01
70
8400 8.4 -0.57816 1.16E+00
9600 9.6 -0.660767 1.32E+00 60
10800 10.8 -0.743377 1.49E+00 50
12000 12 -0.825991 1.65E+00
40
12025 12.025 -0.827712 1.66E+00
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12075 12.075 -0.831155 1.66E+00 20
12100 12.1 -0.832876 1.67E+00
10
12125 12.125 -0.834597 1.67E+00
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12175 12.175 -0.838039 1.68E+00 0 5 10
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12275 12.275 -0.844924 1.69E+00
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12350 12.35 -0.850087 1.70E+00
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12680 12.68 -1.79212 3.58E+00
12695 12.695 -1.79424 3.59E+00
12710 12.71 -1.79637 3.59E+00
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41600 41.6 -8.54941 1.71E+01
41900 41.9 -8.6282 1.73E+01
42200 42.2 -8.69946 1.74E+01
42500 42.5 -8.77352 1.75E+01
42800 42.8 -8.85054 1.77E+01
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53188 53.188 -11.3361 2.27E+01
53375 53.375 -11.3786 2.28E+01
53562 53.562 -11.4226 2.28E+01
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53938 53.938 -11.5112 2.30E+01
54125 54.125 -11.5535 2.31E+01
54312 54.312 -11.5984 2.32E+01
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58625 58.625 -12.6538 2.53E+01
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61625 61.625 -13.3948 2.68E+01
61812 61.812 -13.4394 2.69E+01
62000 62 -13.4868 2.70E+01
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62375 62.375 -13.5812 2.72E+01
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66933 66.933 -14.7277 2.95E+01
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70100 70.1 -15.6657 3.13E+01
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70140 70.14 -15.6671 3.13E+01
70160 70.16 -15.6678 3.13E+01
70180 70.18 -15.6684 3.13E+01
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71040 71.04 -15.6934 3.14E+01
71060 71.06 -15.6938 3.14E+01
71080 71.08 -15.6943 3.14E+01
71100 71.1 -15.6948 3.14E+01
71120 71.12 -15.6952 3.14E+01
71140 71.14 -15.6957 3.14E+01
71160 71.16 -15.6961 3.14E+01
71180 71.18 -15.6965 3.14E+01
71200 71.2 -15.697 3.14E+01
71220 71.22 -15.6974 3.14E+01
71240 71.24 -15.6978 3.14E+01
71260 71.26 -15.6983 3.14E+01
71280 71.28 -15.6987 3.14E+01
71300 71.3 -15.6991 3.14E+01
71320 71.32 -15.6995 3.14E+01
71340 71.34 -15.6999 3.14E+01
71360 71.36 -15.7003 3.14E+01
71380 71.38 -15.7007 3.14E+01
71400 71.4 -15.7011 3.14E+01
71420 71.42 -15.7015 3.14E+01
71440 71.44 -15.7019 3.14E+01
71460 71.46 -15.7022 3.14E+01
71480 71.48 -15.7026 3.14E+01
71500 71.5 -15.703 3.14E+01
71520 71.52 -15.7033 3.14E+01
71540 71.54 -15.7037 3.14E+01
71560 71.56 -15.7041 3.14E+01
71580 71.58 -15.7044 3.14E+01
71600 71.6 -15.7048 3.14E+01
71620 71.62 -15.7051 3.14E+01
71640 71.64 -15.7055 3.14E+01
71660 71.66 -15.7058 3.14E+01
71680 71.68 -15.7062 3.14E+01
71700 71.7 -15.7065 3.14E+01
71720 71.72 -15.7068 3.14E+01
71740 71.74 -15.7071 3.14E+01
71760 71.76 -15.7075 3.14E+01
71780 71.78 -15.7078 3.14E+01
71800 71.8 -15.7081 3.14E+01
71820 71.82 -15.7084 3.14E+01
71840 71.84 -15.7087 3.14E+01
71860 71.86 -15.709 3.14E+01
71880 71.88 -15.7093 3.14E+01
71900 71.9 -15.7096 3.14E+01
71920 71.92 -15.7099 3.14E+01
71940 71.94 -15.7102 3.14E+01
71960 71.96 -15.7105 3.14E+01
71980 71.98 -15.7108 3.14E+01
72000 72 -15.7111 3.14E+01
72001 72.001 -15.7142 3.14E+01
72002 72.002 -15.7176 3.14E+01
72004 72.004 -15.7218 3.14E+01
72005 72.005 -15.7264 3.15E+01
72007 72.007 -15.7311 3.15E+01
72008 72.008 -15.7359 3.15E+01
72010 72.01 -15.7408 3.15E+01
72010 72.01 -15.8598 3.17E+01
72011 72.011 -15.8614 3.17E+01
72012 72.012 -15.8637 3.17E+01
72013 72.013 -15.8672 3.17E+01
72014 72.014 -15.9046 3.18E+01
72015 72.015 -15.914 3.18E+01
72015 72.015 -15.9231 3.18E+01
72017 72.017 -15.9372 3.19E+01
72018 72.018 -15.9409 3.19E+01
72020 72.02 -15.9448 3.19E+01
72021 72.021 -15.949 3.19E+01
72023 72.023 -15.9533 3.19E+01
72024 72.024 -16.0457 3.21E+01
72026 72.026 -16.0669 3.21E+01
72027 72.027 -16.0707 3.21E+01
72029 72.029 -16.0748 3.21E+01
72030 72.03 -16.0788 3.22E+01
72032 72.032 -16.0833 3.22E+01
72033 72.033 -16.0879 3.22E+01
72035 72.035 -16.0926 3.22E+01
72036 72.036 -16.217 3.24E+01
72038 72.038 -16.2208 3.24E+01
72039 72.039 -16.225 3.25E+01
72041 72.041 -16.2294 3.25E+01
72042 72.042 -16.2829 3.26E+01
72044 72.044 -16.2869 3.26E+01
72045 72.045 -16.2912 3.26E+01
72047 72.047 -16.2956 3.26E+01
72048 72.048 -16.3001 3.26E+01
72050 72.05 -16.3048 3.26E+01
72051 72.051 -16.3096 3.26E+01
72053 72.053 -16.4361 3.29E+01
72054 72.054 -16.4399 3.29E+01
72056 72.056 -16.444 3.29E+01
72057 72.057 -16.4482 3.29E+01
72059 72.059 -16.4525 3.29E+01
72060 72.06 -16.4569 3.29E+01
72062 72.062 -16.4615 3.29E+01
72063 72.063 -16.4662 3.29E+01
72065 72.065 -16.471 3.29E+01
72066 72.066 -16.476 3.30E+01
72068 72.068 -16.4811 3.30E+01
72069 72.069 -16.4863 3.30E+01
72071 72.071 -16.4917 3.30E+01
72072 72.072 -16.4971 3.30E+01
72074 72.074 -16.5027 3.30E+01
72075 72.075 -16.5084 3.30E+01
72077 72.077 -16.5143 3.30E+01
72078 72.078 -16.5202 3.30E+01
72080 72.08 -16.5263 3.31E+01
72081 72.081 -16.5326 3.31E+01
72082 72.082 -17.623 3.52E+01
72083 72.083 -17.6248 3.52E+01
72083 72.083 -17.6276 3.53E+01
72085 72.085 -17.6316 3.53E+01
72086 72.086 -17.6361 3.53E+01
72088 72.088 -17.6408 3.53E+01
72088 72.088 -17.6436 3.53E+01
72089 72.089 -17.6464 3.53E+01
72090 72.09 -17.6498 3.53E+01
72091 72.091 -17.6544 3.53E+01
72093 72.093 -17.6594 3.53E+01
72093 72.093 -18.4817 3.70E+01
72094 72.094 -18.5398 3.71E+01
72095 72.095 -18.5417 3.71E+01
72096 72.096 -18.5453 3.71E+01
72098 72.098 -18.5496 3.71E+01
72099 72.099 -18.554 3.71E+01
72100 72.1 -18.925 3.79E+01
72100 72.1 -18.9269 3.79E+01
72101 72.101 -18.9297 3.79E+01
72103 72.103 -18.9333 3.79E+01
72104 72.104 -18.9377 3.79E+01
72106 72.106 -18.9423 3.79E+01
72107 72.107 -18.947 3.79E+01
72109 72.109 -18.952 3.79E+01
72109 72.109 -19.597 3.92E+01
72110 72.11 -19.9181 3.98E+01
72111 72.111 -19.9204 3.98E+01
72112 72.112 -19.924 3.98E+01
72114 72.114 -19.9281 3.99E+01
72115 72.115 -19.9325 3.99E+01
72117 72.117 -19.9371 3.99E+01
72118 72.118 -19.942 3.99E+01
72120 72.12 -20.1577 4.03E+01
72120 72.12 -20.7488 4.15E+01
72121 72.121 -20.7837 4.16E+01
72122 72.122 -20.9055 4.18E+01
72123 72.123 -20.9078 4.18E+01
72124 72.124 -20.9114 4.18E+01
72125 72.125 -20.9155 4.18E+01
72127 72.127 -20.9199 4.18E+01
72128 72.128 -20.9244 4.18E+01
72130 72.13 -20.9292 4.19E+01
72131 72.131 -20.9342 4.19E+01
72133 72.133 -20.9395 4.19E+01
72134 72.134 -20.9447 4.19E+01
72136 72.136 -20.95 4.19E+01
72137 72.137 -20.9555 4.19E+01
72138 72.138 -20.959 4.19E+01
72139 72.139 -20.9624 4.19E+01
72140 72.14 -20.9665 4.19E+01
72141 72.141 -20.9719 4.19E+01
72142 72.142 -20.9777 4.20E+01
72144 72.144 -20.9837 4.20E+01
 LOAD (kN) Vs CENTRAL DEFLECTION (mm)

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
1 fck fc ε ε0 Ec
0 0
2 30 5.57775 0.0003 0.002 27386.13
3 30 10.251 0.0006 0.002 27386.13
4 30 14.01975 0.0009 0.002 27386.13
5 30 16.884 0.0012 0.002 27386.13
6 30 18.84375 0.0015 0.002 27386.13
7 30 19.899 0.0018 0.002 27386.13
8 30 20.1 0.002 0.002 27386.13
9 30 20.1 0.003 0.002 27386.13
10 30 20.1 0.0035 0.002 27386.13
 IS:456-2000 curve
25

20

15

10

0
0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002 0.0025 0.003 0.0035 0.004
εps A B C D fps(Ksi) fps(N/mm2) fps/fpu fpu (Ksi)
0 887 27613 112.4 7.36 0 0 0.9 0
0.005 887 27613 112.4 7.36 142.2322 980.6550359 0.9 158.0358
0.01 887 27613 112.4 7.36 243.0397 1675.696372 0.9 270.0441
0.015 887 27613 112.4 7.36 258.2666 1780.682609 0.9 286.9629
0.02 887 27613 112.4 7.36 263.3214 1815.534099 0.9 292.5794
0.025 887 27613 112.4 7.36 267.8256 1846.589381 0.9 297.584
0.03 887 27613 112.4 7.36 272.2729 1877.252257 0.9 302.5255
0.035 887 27613 112.4 7.36 276.7109 1907.850783 0.9 307.4565
fpu (N/mm2)
0
1089.6167065204
1861.884857915
1978.5362319284 devalapuri power formula
2017.2601104246 300
2051.7659794333
2085.8358409852 250

stress in (kSi)
2119.8342034461
200

150

100

50

0
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04
 c fc' δ s dps lps τ Fd
0 0 0
2.055 41.36 0.001406 0.025 17.78 76.2 2.55919957 10894.24312
2.055 41.36 0.001687 0.03 17.78 76.2 2.6785482 11402.29767 9
2.055 41.36 0.002531 0.045 17.78 76.2 2.96430086 12618.71667 8
2.055 41.36 0.003093 0.055 17.78 76.2 3.11680638 13267.91661
7
2.055 41.36 0.003937 0.07 17.78 76.2 3.31050053 14092.45221
2.055 41.36 0.004499 0.08 17.78 76.2 3.4228798 14570.83893 6
2.055 41.36 0.005062 0.09 17.78 76.2 3.52516768 15006.26765 5
2.055 41.36 0.005624 0.1 17.78 76.2 3.61925474 15406.78637
2.055 41.36 0.014061 0.25 17.78 76.2 4.5509719 19373.00823 4
2.055 41.36 0.019685 0.35 17.78 76.2 4.95035294 21073.13124 3
2.055 41.36 0.028121 0.5 17.78 76.2 5.41204817 23038.51923
2
2.055 41.36 0.036558 0.65 17.78 76.2 5.77893076 24600.29981
2.055 41.36 0.044994 0.8 17.78 76.2 6.08683668 25911.02286 1
2.055 41.36 0.053431 0.95 17.78 76.2 6.35404159 27048.48606 0
2.055 41.36 0.056243 1 17.78 76.2 6.43604619 27397.57098 0 0.5
2.055 41.36 0.061867 1.1 17.78 76.2 6.591243 28058.22749
2.055 41.36 0.070304 1.25 17.78 76.2 6.80529029 28969.40424 40000
2.055 41.36 0.075928 1.35 17.78 76.2 6.93749358 29532.17973
2.055 41.36 0.084364 1.5 17.78 76.2 7.12265595 30320.39645 35000
2.055 41.36 0.092801 1.65 17.78 76.2 7.29440946 31051.53306 30000
2.055 41.36 0.098425 1.75 17.78 76.2 7.40250423 31511.68112
2.055 41.36 0.104049 1.85 17.78 76.2 7.50606091 31952.51099 25000
2.055 41.36 0.106862 1.9 17.78 76.2 7.55627147 32166.25207 20000
2.055 41.36 0.112486 2 17.78 76.2 7.65379192 32581.38635
2.055 41.36 0.120922 2.15 17.78 76.2 7.7934323 33175.82074 15000
2.055 41.36 0.123735 2.2 17.78 76.2 7.83835308 33367.04377 10000
2.055 41.36 0.126547 2.25 17.78 76.2 7.88251456 33555.03455
2.055 41.36 0.129359 2.3 17.78 76.2 7.92594604 33739.91777 5000
2.055 41.36 0.132171 2.35 17.78 76.2 7.96867506 33921.81071 0
2.055 41.36 0.134983 2.4 17.78 76.2 8.01072757 34100.82384 0 0
2.055 41.36 0.137795 2.45 17.78 76.2 8.05212806 34277.06136
2.055 41.36 0.140607 2.5 17.78 76.2 8.09289963 34450.62164
2.055 41.36 0.142857 2.54 17.78 76.2 8.12507879 34587.60495
9

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

40000

35000

30000

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
h l x y
0 4350 0 0 0
75 4350 435 -27 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 300
75 4350 870 -48 -10
75 4350 1305 -63
-20
75 4350 1740 -72
75 4350 2175 -75 -30
75 4350 2610 -72
75 4350 3045 -63 -40
75 4350 3480 -48 -50
75 4350 3915 -27
75 4350 4350 0 -60

-70

-80
2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000