Factors that affect the Grade 10 students

preferences’ in selecting
Senior High School Strand

Researchers:
Fernando, Ainah Lurris S.
Gonzales, Leila
Blanca, Carlos Miguel
Mata, Christian Ivan
Magallanes, Noel
Mindajao, Erica Paula

Rafael L. Lazatin Memorial High School

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page .............................................................................. 1

Table of Contents ..................................................................... 2

Context and Rationale ............................................................... 4

Research Questions ................................................................... 8

Hypothesis... .......................................................................9

Significance of the Study .........................................................9

Definition of terms..................................................................9

Scope and Delimitation ............................................................10

Method .............................................................................10

Type of Research .................................................................10

Participants..........................................................................11

Sampling Method .................................................................11

Instruments ........................................................................12

Data Collection Procedure ...................................................... 12

Ethical Considerations ............................................................12

Data Analysis ......................................................................13

Results and Discussion ...........................................................16

Recommendations.................................................................23

References ....................................................................................24
Appendices


A. Questionnaire

B. Letter of Approval to Conduct Survey


C. Letter to School Head


 D. (Other Letters)


 E. Declaration of Anti-Plagiarism and Absence of Conflict of Interest

INTRODUCTION

This research will tackle anything that might affect grade 10 students preferences’
in choosing Senior High School Strand. This research will tackle some stereotypes and other
issues that is connected in this topic. As you read this research, we hope that you find
answers and may your mind be enlightenin choosing the right course. One of the reasons why
we chose this topic was, there are lots of grade 10 students that are not yet sure of what
course will they be taking. Factors like parents’ decision, state of life, and friend influences
might affect them on choosing the suitable course or job that they will take. Our goal is to
find answers on our questions and hope to answer your questions about this topic too. We
hope that this will help you understand the things or situation that will affect you, in choosing
your Senior High School Strand. According to Boyer (1987), “In taking a course, one of the
life’s major decision is being made. A lot of time, money, and effort will be involved. The
shape and excellence of the student’s life may rest on the result.” In choosing a junior, senior
academic track, a student should take a risk. F.Yates, Veinotte, &Patalano (2003) define a
decision as “…a commitment to a course of action is intended to produce a satisfying state of
affairs.” A person with a career in which he is a misfit goes through life devoid of physical
vitality or intellectual vivacity needed for a full life (Namale 2012). While selecting a career,
students, should not be taken in merely by its extraneous consideration or its standing and
lucre or the ambitions of the parents but its school for a right career choice which would
accord well with the student’s abilities, aptitudes, interests, personality, qualities, and present
circumstances (Super 1980).

Every year senior high school bound graduating junior high school students
because they’re facing with the problem of selecting their strand for study. Most researchers
argue that the selection process typically involves considering many factors such as the career
interests of students (Salifu, 2000), prospects of employment and job security (Asaolu 2001),
Intellectual ability (Bruce and Shelly 1976), and Interest (Olayinka 1993). However,
identifying whether the career decisions affect the Grade 10 students preferences’ in choosing
their Senior High School strand.

Related Review Literature

An adolescent’s life goes through high school and it is when they will have to
make an important decision on what path are they taking. One’s perspective can be a great
asset on what they want to take.

Super’s (1990) Developmental Theory of Career Development stated that, high

school students are at the exploration stage of development, which involves crystalizing and
specifying their occupational preferences, while also making preliminary decisions about
their career choice. The review of the literature showed the areas of a student’s life affecting
the plans, decisions, and career choice they make: Gender, Parental Influence, and Peer
Influence. The study attempted to identify and differentiate to what extent these factors
played varying roles in future career choice.

PARENTAL INFLUENCE
Parental Influence has been compromise in the career choice of children (Roe
1987, Adigwe 1981, Okeke 1996, Gesinde 1986). Based from the study of Okeke about the
relationship between parental occupations and their children’s occupational preferences, he
found that 60% of the children were willing to take after their father’s occupations while 23%
were willing to follow their mother’s occupations. On the other hand, Genside postulate that
parental influence is much more complicated and more prevalent that is shown. Students of
secondary and tertiary institutions are often not aware of these influences and may accept the
choice of their parents as theirs. A conflict therefore occurs when the child submits to his
parent’s choice while at the same time deeply resenting his submissions as he becomes aware
of his loss of independence and finds his area of interest.

Families, parents and guardians in particular, play a significant role in the

occupational aspirations and career goal development of their children (Taylor, Harris, 2004).
Students and young adults are often unwilling to pursue-or even explore-various career
possibilities without parental approval or support. Although parents acknowledge their role
and attempt to support the career of their children, the parental messages contain an
underlying message of “Don’t make the same mistakes that I did”. These kind of interactions
influence adolescents and young adults to select specific collegiate majors or pursue
particular occupations.

Other studies have separately examined the influences of each parent on the
career choices of their children and have found that their parents tend to have more influence
on the career decisions/aspirations of their children. According to Mickelson and Velasco
(1998) cited their interviews conducted with 70 young adults in 1986. They found that
mothers were the most influential and that daughters’ occupational aspirations were often
similar to their mothers’ chosen professions. In some similar studies, students were asked
such as, “What do you want to do with your life?” and to specify if they agree or disagree
with statements such as, “My mother/father encouraged me to make my own decisions”.
These studies also found that students wanted to discuss career planning primarily with their
mothers. Overall, research supports the influence of parental expectations and aspirations on
the career decisions and aspirations of their children. These expectations lay a foundation for
parents’ behavior and interactions with their children, which then indirectly or directly
influence choices they make in the future.

INTERESTS
It is important for students to have a good understanding of themselves such as
their personality and if they are to make a career plans. What they would like to be, and what
they are like, is determining factors in their career. The personality factors to be considered
include their mental abilities, special abilities and interest, (Slaver, 1977, p.13). Considered
factors of mental abilities are verbal comprehension, word fluency ability, spatial ability
numerical ability, reasoning ability, and memory. Students become familiar with their
personality in order to guide their career choice. A developed career plan included evaluation
of personality through self assessment, and communication with others another trait that
depended heavily on personality, according to Harris and Jones (1997).

The students should become knowledgeable in these areas while searching for
career interests. Personality has been a tough quality for parents and teachers to mold into the
individual especially if the career in question is not in agreement with student. The student’s
personality must match the criteria for their chosen career. Personality is defined as the
collection or impressions in the appearance of the student’s body and the impressions
believed to have been made on others good.

APTITUDE
You should take your own abilities into consideration when choosing a career. If
you do not perform well in an academic setting, it would be best to avoid hierarchical
occupations where continuing education is essential to success. Pursue a career that will
maximize your strengths and minimize your weaknesses.

Everyone has a unique talents that can be used in a career. These talents have been
present since childhood; for others they are learned over time. In order to determine what
career you should choose, begin by looking at skills that can be used on the job or look at
career paths that compliment your current skills and talents. In John Holland’s Theory of
Vocational Choice, he stated that people who choose to work in an environment compatible
to their personality type are more likely to be satisfied and be successful in the future. He also
identified that there are six personality types: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social,
Enterprising, and Conventional. Also, there are six basic types of work environments that
come hand in hand with each personality type. The theory is based from the phrase, "Birds of
the same feather flock together.", which means that people are more likely to choose a career
path in an environment which is suitable to their personalities and to work with people who
are more similar to them. (Holland, 1985). Also, with the Theory of Lent, Brown and Hackett
which is The Social Cognitive Career Theory. It states that there are influences in an
individual’s career choice which connects to self-efficacy, outcome expectations and personal
goals and on how these variables interact with other aspects of the person and his or her
environment (e.g., gender, ethnicity, social supports, and barriers.)
 Statement of the Problem

This study is to determined the different factors that will affect to the Grade
10 students preferences’ in choosing Senior High School Strand in the Rafael L.
Lazatin Memorial High School during the school year 2019-2020

1. What could be the reason why Grade 10 students find it hard to choose senior
high
school strand?

2. How could these factors affect one’s future?

3. What are the things to consider in choosing the right strand for senior high
school?

Objectives

 To determine the main reason why it is hard to choose the right strand.

 To know different situations that could happen when they choose a strand.

 To determine things that you need to know before choosing the strand or track
that you’ll be going.

Significance of the study

The significance of this study is to enlighten junior high school students, guidance
counselors, parents, and teachers. This also helps them and give them information that
will help them in choosing the right strand for them.

Students
Many students are having trouble with decision making and they always end
up going to strands that they don’t eventually want. This research is beneficial to
students because it can help them focus on their interests and learn more about a field
they’re interested in studying. They must also consider their skills, wants, and their
status in choosing the right strand for them.

Future Researchers
This study is beneficial to the future researchers because it can help them
focus on their interests and learn more about a field they’re interested in studying. They
must also consider their skills, wants, and their status in choosing the right strand for
 them since many students are having trouble with decision making and ends up going
to strands they don’t want.

Hypothesis
Selecting 1 of the 4 strand can be difficult, if you don’t know what is your own
desire or field specialization but some students already have an idea what to choose
from. It is actually pretty easy so if some students who love to build their own business
in the future, then they might want to be on ABM strand to pursue higher education in
business or management discipline such as accounting, business administration,
tourism, etc. If some students are already good in mathematics and science, then they
might want to choose STEM strand which is for those who want a career in science and
technology programs such as engineering, architecture, IT, nurses and etc. However, if
some students don’t know that their own specialization in mind, they can still choose
General Academic which has a several coverage for those who have no particular idea
or discipline in mind.

Definitions of terms

For better understanding of the footings used in the study, these were defined
theoretically and operationally:

A preferenceis a technical term in psychology, economics, and philosophy usually

used in relation to choosing between alternatives.

Factors refers to the circumstance, person, condition, or influence that bring about
a certain effect; family background, academic experience, recommend of others, and
educational aspiration. These are some of the factors that could affect students’
decision in choosing a college degree.

Academic Track is for those who have already and surely decided to pursue a
college education after senior high school; basically, it helps you in your journey going
to college because of its subject specialization. Under this track there are four strands
you choose from:

1. HUMMS– First is the Humanities and Social Sciences or HUMSS. HUMSS is the
strand for students who wish to go into college with the following courses: Political
Science or International Studies, English or Filipino Literature, Mass Communication,
Education, Performing Arts and other related courses.
2. STEM– The next strand is the Science, Technology, Engineering and Math track or
also known as STEM. STEM is the strand for students who wish to go into college
with the following courses: Biology, Physics, Mathematics, Engineering, Computer
Studies, Information Technology and so on and forth on the related courses. This
strand is a very hands-on type of experience that would be good for students who
have firmly decided their future college course and profession.
3. ABM– The third is the Accounting Business and Management or ABM. ABM is the
strand for students who wish to go into college with the following courses: Human
Resource, Tourism, Hotel and Restaurant Management, Accounting, Business
Studies, Marketing, Real Estate, Export Management, Entrepreneurship and other
related courses in this path. This is definitely a suggested strand for those who have
their eyes set on creating a business in the future or working in the business sector.
4. GAS– And the last strand in the Academic track is the General Academic Strand or
GAS. Now if you have some uncertainty or confusion in your mind on what specific
path you would want to take, then GAS is the strand offered in this track. What makes
this good is that the courses offered here are encompassing; meaning in all fields. The
things that one can learn in this can help your uncertain mind explore your possible
college options. To simply put, this strand is for all courses in college.

TVL Trackor the Technical-Vocational-Livelihood Track. The subjects on this

track focus on practical knowledge and job-ready training. Once you take and finish a
strand on this track, you will be given the TESDA National Certificate. If your goal is
to work immediately or be eligible for certified jobs after senior high school, this track
is perfect for you. Finishing any strand from this track gives you skills that are
considered and accepted to qualify you for work. There are also four strands on this:

1. Agri-Fishery Arts Strand– The first strand under the TVL Track is the Agri-Fishery
Arts Strand. The skills taught here are those that can be used in the agriculture and
aquaculture field. Examples of lessons to be learned are rubber production, food
processing, and such.
2. Home Economics Strand– It focuses on teaching you skills that can be useful in
livelihood projects. Professions that can be considered after taking this stand are
stylists, makeup artists, tour guides, barista, baker, etc.
3. Industrial Arts Strand– The third strand is the Industrial Arts Strand. When you
want to know about carpentry, electrical repairs, driving and welding, the Industrial
Arts strand offers a good curriculum.
4. ICT Strand– Lastly, the Information and Communications Technology Strand,
basically if you are tech and computer-savvy then you’d love this strand. Professions
that can be considered after this stand are as a graphic designer, encoder, web
developer and designer, call center agent, sales agent and such.

Arts and Design Trackit provides students the know-how on the different arts and
design forms, materials, media, and production in the creative industries. If you think
you would want to have a job in the art field then this track is good for you. It has a
curriculum catered to enhance and encourage your creativity. It is a good platform to
express yourself. Concepts around the globe will be taught to you to make you more
immersed and competitive in this field. If your interest falls under music, theatres arts,
photography, fashion design, and such, this is the advisable track for you.

Sports Track. If you excel in sports, whatever it may be, then you would enjoy it
here. You will be able to learn concepts on positive attitude, teamwork and
competitiveness because this teaches you about how sports management and leadership
work in this type of setting. There will be subjects on human anatomy and physiology,
plus you will also learn first aid. Whether or not your end goal is to become a
professional athlete, trainer, P.E. teacher, instructors, game officials or anything under
the field of sports, the Sports track has a curriculum that equips you with the knowledge
you would need to prepare you for the future.

Scope and Limitation

In this study, you’ll know different factors in different aspects that affect grade 10
students in choosing the right strand for them. The researchers will gather answers to
any grade 10 respondents that is near their houses. This study is made so that grade 10
students will be enlightened on what they should do and should not do. We aim to
provide readers with true information and answers to their questions.

METHOD
Introduction
The aim of this chapter was to identify and explain the procedures that are
involved in sourcing and analyzing data that are relevant to this study. It includes the
research design, the population, data collection tools to be used and data collection
technique, and data analysis method and presentation

Research Design
The researchers used the descriptive survey, a procedure in which data is
collected on an ongoing process. In here, we used it to collect data about their opinions,
attitudes and reasons for certain behaviors. A descriptive survey is a kind of method
wherein they’re used to describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon under
our study. The researcher used descriptive survey method because the study was to find
out what are the factors that affect the Grade 10 students preferences’ in choosing
Senior High School Strand.

Sampling Design
The sampling technique that was used is stratified sampling method wherein the
researcher divides the entire population into different subgroups or strata, then
randomly selects the final subjects proportionally from the different strata

Data Gathering Instrument

The instrument used was a researcher-made questionnaire to gather the needed
data of the Grade 10 students. The scientist utilized the elucidating review system to
accumulate information and break down the data and will appropriate it to Grade 10
understudies. Related inquiries were utilized as a part of request to get the data required
for the study. The respondents were requested that rate their response to the
announcement as indicated by how it influenced their vocation decision.

Data Gathering Procedure

After identifying the population of the study, the following procedures were
implanted.

 Ask for approval. The researchers asked for approval from their
respective teachers who are in charge of the thesis. It was to know
whether or not the study will be accepted. They checked if there were
 further corrections and revisions to be made before the conducting of
research.
 Make questionnaire. When the study was approved, the researchers
started working in the questionnaire basing their questions on the theories
they’ve found. The researchers used related questions to be able to
achieve the respective goal of their study.
 Distributing. After the questionnaire has been made, the researchers
distributed the questionnaire to each section in the Grade 10 level. The
number of students chosen in each class was retrieved using statistical
random sampling method.
 Analyze Data. The researchers collected the questionnaire distributed
from the Grade 10 respondents. Each questionnaire was checked by the
researchers and have the data gathered. Also, they analyzed the results and
had the answers.

Ethical Considerations
Ethics refers to the correct rules of conduct necessary when carrying out research.
We have a moral responsibility to protect research participants from harm

Statistical/Data Analysis
The researchers used the scores of the results of the questionnaires answered by the
Grade 10 students, to identity the factors being researched. They also used T-Test in
order
to track whether there is a significant difference between the factors affecting a
student’s choice of Senior High School track after it analyzed according to year level.