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Here are a
]E X E R C I S E few of our
readers'
AROUND THE W O R J D experiences.
ickness as a child left Joseph Pilates, born in 4fell back on (some Salsa dance music) he had with
Germany in 1880, frail and weak. To 1g e t over him. Zumba, a routine com bining aerobics w ith Latin
(this), he developed a series of exercises to build dance moves, was born. Since then it has taken o ff
core muscle strength. Some of his early students and become an international exercise craze.
then opened studios using his m ethods,2 setting up Most people think Tai Chi is a form of meditation.
(them) in various cities. Pilates is now practised by In fact, it's an old Chinese martial art based on the
millions all over the world. idea of 5 ge ttin g o u t o f (dangerous situations) by
The idea for Zum ba came about by accident in the turning an attacker's force against him. The most
1990s. Alberto Perez 3 h it on (it) when he was common form of Tai Chi today is a routine of slow
taking an aerobics class in his native Colombia. movements. You often see people 6 carrying o u t
Having forgotten his usual music for the class, he (them) in parks and public spaces.
TALK ABOUT EXERCISE TRENDS DESCRIBING AN INJURY DOES BEAUTY SELL? DISCUSSING PROPOSALS 71
11 ■» A FORMAL REPORT
vocabulary injuries • listening sports injuries • idioms health • pronunciation linking in idiomatic phrases •
language focus verb patterns • speaking describing an injury
6b No pain, no gain
Ultrarunner on the 161km
Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc
annual race, France
Vocabulary injuries 5 >1.32 Listen again and complete the injuries and
problems that Ben talks about.
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo and caption.
1 He had to overcome and the things that
What injuries do you think this runner risks?
make you feel .
2 Look at the collocations to describe common 2 A lot of sportspeople try to ignore small or
injuries. Choose the best noun to complete in a joint.
the collocations. 3 Minor problems can develop into more
injuries.
1 graze your knee / voice / rib
4 His exercises have prevented him from getting ankle
2 bump your tooth /head / toe
, lo w e r..................pain a n d .................. knee.
3 pull a back / muscle /knee
4 lose your ankle / voice / back
5 stub your toe / ribs / knee Idioms health
6 sprain your ankle /r ib s /t o e
6 Work in pairs. The ultrarunner used this idiom in the
1 strain your head / wrist / back
interview. What do you think it means?
8 chip a tooth / voice / knee
9 bruise your head / ribs / muscle 'I'm not talking about when they're in a really bad way.'
10 break your knee / muscle / arm
7 ‘,J 1.33 Complete these idioms using the prepositions
3 Work in groups. Put the injuries in Exercise 2 below. Then listen and check your answers. Discuss the
in order according to the following criteria. meanings of the idioms with your partner.
a most/least painful
down in off out under up
b most/least annoying
c most/least common 1 A: I heard Sarah came off her bicycle. Is she a
bad way?
Listening B: Luckily she didn't break anything; she was pretty
shaken though.
J 1.32 Listen to an interview with 2 A: Is it true that Jack nearly cut his finger off?
ultrarunner Ben Newborn talking about B: Yes, he practically passed when he saw
sports injuries. Answer the questions. what he'd done. It was quite a deep cut, but he's
1 How does he define ultrarunning? the mend now, I think.
2 What was Ben's biggest fear about doing 3 A: You look a bit colour. Are you feeling
the Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc? the weather?
3 W hat is the mistake many sportspeople B: No, I'm not ill. I'm just run from working
make? too much.
4 What is his answer to sports injuries?
72
Unit 6 Body matters
8 Match these words with the correct idioms 12 Look at the language focus box. Complete the sentences
from Exercise 7. about sports injuries using the correct verb patterns.
You need to add prepositions in some of the sentences.
distressed fainted getting better
1 These people often complain (suffer)
lacking in energy pale suffering
unwell 'pink eye' from the chlorine in the water. They
also tend (be) susceptible to shoulder
problems.
9 Pronunication linking in idiomatic 2 These people risk ........(damage) the joints
phrases in their legs. But they can avoid (get)
long-term injuries by wearing the right shoes.
a <1.33 Listen to the conversations in 3 Since their sport relies so heavily
Exercise 7 again and pay attention to how the (use) the arm, these people tend
idioms in bold are pronounced, especially (have) problems with the elbow and tendons in the
how they are linked. forearm.
4 Because these people pull muscles so often, they are
b Act out the conversations with your partner, encouraged (warm) up properly before
imitating this pronunciation. a match. This can prevent such injuries
(occur).
Language focus verb 5 Neck pain is common among these people. Because
they in sist........................ (bend) low over the
patterns handlebars, they are forced (raise) their
10 Work in pairs. Match the verbs (1-6) with heads to see ahead.
the verb patterns (a-f) that follow them. 13 Which of these sportspeople are being referred to in the
Then look at the highlighted verbs in the sentences in Exercise 12? Discuss with your partner.
audioscript on pages 177-8 and check your
answers. cyclists footballers runners swimmers
1 involve a to do tennis players
2 require b someone to do
3 worry c someone do 14 Often verbs that express a similar idea are followed
4 make d doing by the same verb pattern. Look at the sentences (1-8).
5 tend e about doing Choose a verb from the box that could replace the verbs
6 discourage f someone from doing in bold without changing the verb pattern.
11 Find one more example of each type of verb appear blame convince decide expect
pattern in the audioscript on pages 177-8. mean postpone stop
► VERB PATTERNS 1 We can't prevent people from having accidents.
Verb + to + infinitive 2 The organisers were criticised for not having paid
Accidents seem to happen most when people are enough attention to track safety.
tired.
3 If the job involves straining my back in any way, I'm
Verb + object + to + infinitive afraid I can't risk it.
The fallen tree caused the driver to stop suddenly. 4 I've made up my mind to get fit.
Verb + object + infinitive 5 She seemed to pull a muscle as she stretched to
Drinking lots o f mater helps people feel less reach the ball.
nauseous. 6 D on't delay going to the doctor. If you do, it'll take
Verb + -ing longer to recover from the injury.
I don't recommend cycling without a helmet. 7 I hope to be playing again in a few weeks.
Verb + preposition + -ing 8 The doctor persuaded him to take it easy for a while.
If you think about getting injured, it's more likely
that you will.
Verb + object + preposition + -ing
Speaking
She accused him o f not paying attention.
15 Work in pairs. Choose one of the following incidents
For further information and practice, see page 164. and describe what happened.
1 A time when you or a friend were injured doing a
sport or in some other situation.
2 A time when you or a friend narrowly escaped being
injured.
TALK ABOUT EXERCISE TRENDS ► DESCRIBING AN INJURY DOES BEAUTY SELL? DISCUSSING PROPOSALS
I',’, A FORMAL REPORT
reading what is beauty? • critical thinking identifying aims • word focus face • speaking does beauty sell?
74
Unit 6 Body matters
heli Jeffry is searching for beauty. As a scout for Ford, limbed, impossibly slim figure. Whatever the perception
•>ne of the world’s top model agencies, Jeffry scans up to of ideal beauty may be, the search for it has preoccupied
200 young women every Thursday afternoon. They queue people of all cultures for centuries, from ancient Egypt to
up and one by one the line diminishes. Tears roll and modern China.
here are long faces as the refrain ‘You’re not what we’re
Is it a shallow quest? We all like to think that beauty is not
king for right now’ extinguishes the conversation - and
only skin deep; that personality and charm contribute as
hope. Confronted with this, one hopeful, Rebecca from
much, if not more, to attractiveness as superficial beauty.
Providence, asks: ‘What are you looking for? Can you tell
Certainly, as we grow older, the more generous our definition
me exactly?’Jeffiry meets the question with a composed
of beauty seems to become. Experience teaches us to look for
reply. ‘It’s hard to say. I know it when I see it.’
the beauty within, rather than what is on the outside.
Define beauty? Some say we may as well dissect a soap
But let’s face it, most of us still care how we look. Until
abble; that beauty is only in the eye of the beholder. Yet
she was a hundred years old, my grandmother had a
does seem that across different cultures we can agree on
regular appointment at the beauty salon down the street. A
-eruiin points. Psychologists have proven this by testing
month before she died, I took her there in my car. I stayed
Lie attractiveness of different faces on children. Symmetry
and watched as she was greeted and fussed over by the
j one characteristic that meets with general approval;
hairdresser and manicurist. Afterwards I drove her back
averageness is another: we seem to prefer features that are
to the nursing home. She admired her fire engine red nails
not extreme. Things that speak of strength and good health
every few minutes, patted her cloud of curls and radiated
- a glowing complexion and full lips in women, a strong
happiness. She is not alone is getting satisfaction from
aw in men - are also universal qualities. Scientists maintain
looking nice. It seems the quest for beauty goes deeper than
drat this is the true definition of beauty, because for them
vanity - maybe it fulfils a deep human need in all of us.
we are influenced not by aesthetic but by biological
onsiderations: the need to produce healthy children.
glowing (adj) /ly(3uig/ bright and healthy looking
At the same time we also observe cultural differences limb (n) /lim/ an arm or a leg
in how beauty is defined. The women of the Paaung manicurist (n) /'mcenikjosrist/ someone who cleans, cuts and
polishes fingernails
tribe in Myanmar put copper coils around their necks to
scout (n) /skaot/ someone whose job is to search for people
extend them because in their culture very long necks are with certain qualities or talents
considered beautiful. In China and Japan small feet are
admired in women, though thankfully the ancient practice
of foot-binding has long since disappeared. In cultures
where people’s skin is of a dark complexion, it is often seen
as desirable to have a fair skin. Conversely, in the northern
hemisphere among the naturally fair-skinned, people hanker
after a tanned skin.
ENIGMA-;
DESCRIBING AN INJURY ► |DOES BEAUTY SELL? DISCUSSING PROPOSALS
aSESaA FORMAL
EXERCISE TRENDS
REPORT
75
real life discussing proposals • speaking skill conceding a point • pronunciation toning down negative statements
6d A bold initiative
Real life discussing proposals 2 11.34 Listen to a discussion between a group
of human resources managers at a large company
1 Work in pairs. Read the ideas about how some about ideas to promote health and fitness among
governments around the world encourage their their employees. Answer the questions.
populations to keep fit and healthy. Answer the
1 Why is this of importance to the company?
questions.
2 W hat different ideas are proposed?
1 What are the pros and cons of each idea? 3 Were any of the ideas proposed similar to
2 Which initiative would work best ? Why? those in Exercise 1?
3 Are there any similar initiatives in your country? 4 W hich idea got approval from another
member of the group? Which idea was
rejected?
TALK ABOUT EXERCISE TRENDS DESCRIBING AN INJURY DOES BEAUTY SELL? ► DISCUSSING PROPOSALS
A FORMAL REPORT
vriting a formal report • writing skill linking adverbs and adverbial phrases Unit 6 Body matters
6e A controversial plan
Writing a formal € Z B 3 i B ^
report Over 100 people of different ages and social backgrounds were
interviewed to decide on the viability of a public health initiative.
Work in pairs. Have you ever had
The initiative examined was a proposal for smokers to pay higher
to write a formal report? Who
health insurance premiums. Ostensibly, the proposal seems a logical
was it for and what was it about?
one since insurance is based on the evaluation of risk. Evidently, if a
Discuss with your partner.
person smokes, the risk of their getting ill is increased.
Read the internal report about a
public health initiative and look d H E S IE ®
at the questions. Underline the 30 per cent of the interviewees objected on the grounds that
parts of the report that answer the
the initiative was discriminatory. A common argument was that,
according to this principle, higher premiums should also be paid
questions.
by people who overeat. Rightly or wrongly, these critics view
1 W hat is the aim of the report? smoking and overeating not as a question of personal choice, but as
2 W hat are the main findings? something beyond an individual's control.
3 W hat action is proposed? Not surprisingly, there were many others (55 per cent) who took the
opposite view: that smokers ought to pay for the consequences of their
Read the description of reports behaviour. However, when interviewees were asked if people should be
in general and say which of the helped to give up smoking, the response was 90 per cent positive.
features in bold appear in the
report.
Accordingly, we recommend that a pilot scheme be set up where
F o rm a l re p o rts p re se n t th e smokers are given free help by their insurance company to stop
findings o f an in v e stig a tio n smoking over a six-month period. During this time, they will be
a n d m a ke a recommendation
offered various solutions to stop smoking. If they succeed, they
will be rewarded with a discount of 5 per cent on their insurance
b a s e d on th e se fin d in g s. T h e
premiums for as long as they remain non-smokers. Conversely, if they
im p o rta n t th in g is fo r th e
fail, their insurance premiums will rise by 20 per cent.
re a d e r to b e a b le to scan
th e d o c u m e n t q u ic k ly for
key in fo rm a tio n , so bullet b Work in pairs. Replace the expressions in bold in the sentences
points, subheadings an d short (1-6) with these adverbs.
paragraphs are all useful.
R e p o rts p re se n t objective alternatively apparently interestingly overall specifically
fa cts, b u t internal re p o rts ultimately
b e tw e e n c o lle a g u e s can
a lso o ffer m o re subjective 1 It seems that this idea has already been tested in the USA.
co m m e n ts. 2 It was worth noting that 15 per cent of the interviewees did
not express a strong view.
3 To be exact, it was interference in their personal lives that
4 Writing skill linking adverbs smokers objected to.
4 On the whole, the response to the idea of a trial was positive.
and adverbial phrases
5 In the end it will be the insurance companies who decide.
a Find the adverb or adverbial 6 Either that or the government will take some other measures.
phrase in the report that has the
5 Write a short internal report for a company's health initiatives.
same meaning as the words and
You can use the ideas you discussed in Exercise 5 on page 76.
phrases below. Which ones are
Write between 200 and 250 words.
used to introduce a more subjective
comment? 6 Exchange reports with your partner. Use these questions to check
your summaries.
as might be expected
clearly • Have they presented their aims, findings and
in view of this recommendations?
on the face of it • Have they divided the summary into clear sections?
on the other hand • Have they been objective but at the same time presented a
whatever the justification clear argument for the next step?
• Have they made use of linking adverbs and adverbial phrases?
TALK ABOUT EXERCISE TRENDS DESCRIBING AN INJURY DOES BEAUTY SELL? DISCUSSING PROPOSALS
A FORMAL REPORT
Unit 6 Body matters
Before you watch 6 Work in pairs. Complete the summary using the
correct verbs. Then watch the video again to check.
1 Work in pairs. Look at the sports (a-f). Which are
Since its creation in France, parkour has
sports that people sometimes play or do in the
around the world and recently
street? Which are sports that people mainly do in
has 2 on in Palestine. It's a creative
the street? Think of other examples of each type.
sport, where participants 3 moves to
a football negotiate obstacles in their environment. For the
b volleyball underprivileged youth of Gaza, it's a great way
c skateboarding to 4 themselves and 5 fit at the
d basketball same time.
e roller blading Parkour is a risky sport because you can easily
f clim b in g ..... injure yourself if you 6 awkwardly. In
spite of being just a sport, there is always the
possibility that one day these men might be asked
to 7 on a bigger public stage.
2 Look at the photo and answer the questions.
1 What does the sport of parkour involve? After you watch
7 Roleplay planning a sports campaign
2 Who do you think it appeals to and why?
Work in pairs.
Imagine you want to promote sport as a way for
people in your city to keep healthy and fit. You
While you watch think the best way to do this is with street sports.
Look at these questions and then plan a campaign.
3 Watch the video and check your answers from
Exercise 2. • What is the target age group or groups?
• What kind of sport would most appeal to this
4 Watch the first part of the video (to 01.45) group?
and choose the correct option to complete the • Where could they play or do this sport?
sentences. • What training, equipment and funds are
needed?
1 Parkour is an example of a performance art that
• Are there health and safety implications?
is found in modern cities / poor urbanised areas.
• How could you encourage people to join in?
2 Parkour originated in London / Paris.
3 Parkour is something you can do without any Present your plan to another pair. Ask each other
equipment / any form a! training. questions about the practicalities of each plan.
4 The young men in the video took up parkour
because they were bored / to keep in shape. 8 Work in groups and discuss the questions.
5 Abed says without parkour he umuldfeel out o f 1 Do you think sports like parkour should be
shape / wouldn't know what to do. regulated. Why? / Why not?
2 W hat are the advantages (and disadvantages)
5 Watch the second part of the video (01.46 to end)
of 'street sports'?
and complete the sentences using one word in
3 If you had to nominate a sport to be included in
each space.
the next Olympic Games, what would it be and
1 Abed's mother feels .......... about her son's why?
involvement in parkour.
2 Common injuries include and broken
arms and legs.
3 In order to avoid injury, practitioners have to
learn how t o .. . apathy (n) /'fepaOi/ a lack of interest, feeling unconcerned
and unmotivated
4 Mohammad feels that initially people were
awkward (adj) /'o:kwad/ uncomfortable, clumsy
the sport.
improvise (v) /‘impravaiz/ compose or perform something
5 It's possible that this sport will one
without any preparation
day bring these young men wider recognition. poverty line (n) /'pnvoti lain/ the minimum level of income
needed to live
stunt man (n) /stAnt mjen/ a person who simulates dangerous
actions like falls and car chases in films
underprivileged (adj) /Ands'privilidjd/ lacking social
advantages, from a poor background
79
UNIT 6 REVIEW
Grammar Vocabulary
1 Have you or someone you know ever suffered 5 Complete the sentences about health and exercise
from back pain? W hat did you/they do about it? by writing the correct preposition in each space.
2 Read the blog. Who in the world suffers from back 1 If I am feeling r u n ............, I always go for a
pain? What can be done about it? long walk and then have a good night's sleep.
2 I fast one day a week. the face of it, it
doesn't sound much, but I feel amazing.
3 If I feel I am about to com e............with a cold,
I start taking lots of vitamin C.
4 A lot of sportspeople in their mid-thirties take
...... yoga to prolong their careers.
5 I think the secret to k eep ing ............ good shape
is not eating too much.
6 It's difficult to s e t ........... time for exercise, but
you just have to build it into your routine.
I CAN
talk about exercise and health
Back pain is not a disease. However, it is a common use idioms and phrasal verbs
health problem, which affects 80 per cent of us at some
time in our lives. It prevents people ' ......................
(work), causes people 2.......................(become)
Real life
depressed and affects general well-being. 7 Look at the proposal to install gyms in the
You could be forgiven 3 (think) that lower workplace. Complete the text with these words.
back pain is a curse of our modern lifestyle. Many in
the West blame our sedentary habits. But back pain is admittedly grant head out
something that everyone around the world seems particularly through
4 (suffer) from, whether they spend all
day 5....................... (sit) at a desk o r 6........................ Workplace gyms are not a 1 ... original
(work) in the fields. idea, I 'l l 2 ... you, but I think they could be
Scientists believe that back pain comes from our being very popular with employees. I haven't thought
bipedal, i.e. walking upright on two feet. So, unless you 3 all the details but the basic idea is to
go in for regular posture training or have a physique get people exercising during the working day.
that is not susceptible to it, you will suffer from back 4 , this isn't going to be a cheap option
pain at some point. for companies. One possibility would be to offer
What to do about it is another question. You can look companies tax relief on the investment they make.
into exercise classes that help to build core muscle I'm just thinking off the top of m y 5 here.
strength. But they are mainly a preventive measure. I haven't worked 6 exactly the best way
Some countries have developed cures; in Madagascar, to help companies to fund this.
for example. Baobab tree bark is used. But mostly
treatment for chronic pain consists of months of
8 Work in pairs. Think of a health and fitness
painkillers and manipulation before the practitioner programme to help teenagers follow a healthier
can turn around the situation. It seems that for the lifestyle. Present your proposal to another pair.
Use phrases to anticipate arguments.
time being, we will just have to put up with back pain.
I CAN
3 Complete the first part of the blog by putting the present and discuss a proposal
verbs (1-6) in the correct form: infinitive, to + anticipate arguments and concede a point
infinitive, -ing form or preposition + -ing form.