360 DEGREE DRILLING MACHINE

A Project Submitted to

GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

In partial fulfilment for the award of

DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Submitted by:

1. VYAS VEDANT S. (166030319126)

2. VASIYANI DARSHIT M. (166030319124)

3. SAVANI NIRAJ R. (166030319103)

4. KALAVADIA NIRAV S. (166030319082)

5. JALAVADIA ADITYA S. (166030319523)

6. MAKADIA NAMAN B. (166030319079)

Under the Guidance : VIJAY MAKAWANA

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERINGATMIYA INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES-RAJKOT

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 CERTIFICATE
ATMIYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE
FOR DIPLOMA STUDIES
[APPROVED BY AICTE, AFFILIATED TO GTU, GUJARAT]
DIPLOMA MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPT.

This is to certify thatVYAS VEDANT S.(166030319126),

VASIYANI DARSHIT M. (166030319124), SAVANI NIRAJ
R.(166030319103), JALAVADIA ADITYA S. (166030319523),
KALAVADIA NIRAV S.(166030319082) MAKADIA NAMAN
B.(166030319079) from AITSDS,RAJKOT has completed project
on360 DEGREE DRILLING MACHINE, in a group consisting of
SIX students in group under the guidance of MR.VIJAY
MAKAWANA.

To the best of my knowledge & belief, this work embodies the work of
candidate himself. Presentation and language for reffered to the
examiner.

______________ ______________

Guide Sign HOD sign

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This research work would not have been possible without the kind support of many
people. I take this opportunity to acknowledge that who has been great sense of support and
inspiration thought the research work successful. There are lots of people who inspired me and
helped, worked for me in every possible way to provide the details about various related topics
thus making research and report work success.
My first gratitude goes to our Head of the Mechanical Department
Prof.I.J.JADEJA,for his guidance, encouragement and support during my semester. Despite
his busy schedule, he is always available to give me advice, support and guidance during the
entire period of my semester. His insight and creative ideas are always the inspiration for me
during the research.
I am also very grateful to Mr. VIJAY MAKAWANA for providing depth knowledge
about simulation software.
I would like to express my sincere thanks to all my colleagues and the members of the
cloud computing research group. I would like to thank my parents for their valuable support
and encouragement. Finally, I am grateful to my parents and family members for giving me
the support and encouragement to complete this project
Last, but not the least my special thanks go to my institute, Atmiya Institute of
Technology and Science for Diploma Studies, for giving me this opportunity to work in the
great environment.

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 ABSTRACT

Now a day, machines are widely controlled by embedded system. To meet the need of
exploding population economic and effective control of machines is necessary. Our project
even is rotated to easily drill at any direction. So that job setting operation is not complicated
as well as reduces the setting time for the operation. It also takes into consideration the most
effective method of controlling the drilling machine by manually. Materials like wood, plastic
and light metals can be drilled with this. The work piece is fixed on the work table, which is
provided with a moving arrangement. The drilling machine is one of the most important
machine tools in a workshop. In a drilling machine holes may be drilled quickly and at a low
cost. The hole is generated by the rotating edge of a cutting tool known as the drill, which
exerts large force on the work clamped on the table. As the machine tool exerts vertical pressure
to original a hole it loosely called a “drill press”. Drilling is the operation of producing circular
hole in the work-piece by using a rotating cutter called drill, the most common type of drill is
the twist drill. The machine tool used for drilling is called drilling machine. The drilling
operation can also be accomplished in a lathe, in which the drill is held in the tailstock and the
work is held and rotated by a chuck. This angular drilling is performed for Different Angle
Drilling in the working job. Indexing Plate and Up/down mechanism is available in this
Angular Drilling Machine.

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 CONTENTS

CHAPTER Topics
Page No.
Title page 1

Certificate 2

Acknowledgement 3

Abstract 4

1 Introduction 8 -14
2 Literature review 15- 16
3 Modeling 17-24
4 Methodology 25-27
5 List of equipment 28-32
6 Working principle of machine 33
7 Specification of equipment 34
8 Estimation of equipment 35
9 Future scope 36
10 Reference 37

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 LIST OF FIGURES

SR FIGURE PAGE
FIGURE NAME TOTAL FIG.
NO. NO. NO

1 Portable drilling machine 1.1 1 09

2 Sensitive drilling machine 1.2 1 10

3 Up right drilling machine 1.3 1 11

4 Radial drilling machine 1.4 1 12

5 Gang drilling machine 1.5 1 13

Multiple spindle drilling 1.6

6 1 13
machine

7 Deep hole drilling machine 1.7 1 14

8 Drawings 3.1-3.7 7 17-24

9 Flow chart 4.1 1 25

10 Drill bit 5.1 1 28

11 Box 5.2.1 1 29

12 Connecting arms 5.2.2 1 29

12 Joints 5.3 1 31

13 Motor 5.4 1 32

14 360 degree drilling machine 6.1 1 33

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 LIST OF TABLE

SR NO TABLE NAME TOTAL TABLE PAGE NO

1 SPECIFICATION OF DESIGN PART 1 34

2 ESTIMATING OF MACHINING 1 35

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 History of drilling machine

Drilling machine is one of the most important machine tools in a workshop. It was designed to
produce a cylindrical hole of required diameter and depth on metal work-pieces. Though holes
can be made by different machine tools in a shop, drilling machine is designed specifically to
perform the operation of drilling and similar operations. Drilling can be done easily at a low
cost in a shorter period of time in a drilling machine. Drilling can be called as the operation of
producing a cylindrical hole of required diameter and depth by removing metal by the rotating
edges of a drill. The cutting tool known as drill is fitted into the spindle of the drilling machine.
A mark of indentation is made at the required location with a centre punch. The rotating drill
is pressed at the location and is fed into the work. The hole can be made up to a required depth.

1.2 Constructionof a drilling machine

The basic parts of a drilling machine are a base, column, drill head and spindle. The base made
of cast iron may rest on a bench, pedestal or floor depending upon the design. Larger and
heavyduty machines are grounded on the floor. The column is mounted vertically upon the
base. It is accurately machined and the table can be moved up and down on it. The drill spindle,
an electric motor and the mechanism meant for driving the spindle at different speeds are
mounted on the top of the column. Power is transmitted from the electric motor to the spindle
through a flat belt or a ‘V’ belt.

1.3 Types of drilling machines:

Drilling machines are manufactured in different types and sizes according to the type of
operation, amount of feed, depth of cut, spindle speeds, method of spindle movement and the
required accuracy. The different types of drilling machines are:

1. Portable drilling machine/ Hand drilling machine

2. Sensitive drilling machine/ Bench drilling machine

3. Upright drilling machine

4. Radial drilling machine

5. Gang drilling machine

6. Multiple spindle drilling machine

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7. Deep hole drilling machine

1.3.1 Portable drilling machine:

Portable drilling machine can be carried and used anywhere in the workshop. It is used for
drilling holes on work-pieces in any position, which is not possible in a standard drilling
machine. The entire drilling mechanism is compact and small in size and so can be carried
anywhere. This type of machine is widely adapted for automobile built-up work. The motor is
generally universal type.These machines can accommodate drills from 12mm to 18 mm
diameter. Portable drilling machines are operated at higher speeds

FIG 1.1 [Portable drilling machine]

1.3.2Sensitive drilling machine:

It is designed for drilling small holes at high speeds in light jobs. High speed and hand feed are
necessary for drilling small holes. The base of the machine is mounted either on a bench or on
the floor by means of bolts and nuts. It can handle drills up to 15.5mm of diameter. The drill is
fed into the work purely by hand. The operator can sense the progress of the drill into the work
because of hand feed. The machine is named so because of this reason. A sensitive
drillingmachine consists of a base, column, table, spindle, drill head and the driving
mechanism.

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 Fig 1.2 [Sensitivedrilling machine]

1.3.3 Upright drilling machine:

The upright drilling machine is designed for handling medium sized work-pieces. Though it
looks like a sensitive drilling machine, it is larger and heavier than a sensitive drilling machine.
Holes of diameter up to 50mm can be made with this type of machine. Besides, it is supplied
with power feed arrangement. For drilling different types of work, the machine is provided
with a number of spindle speeds and feed.

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 Fig 1.3 [Upright drilling machine]

1.3.4 Radial drilling machine:

The radial drilling machine is intended for drilling on medium to large and heavy work-pieces.
It has a heavy round column mounted on a large base. The column supports a radial arm, which
can be raised or lowered to enable the table to accommodate work-pieces of different heights.
The arm, which has the drill head on it, can be swung around to any position. The drill head
can be made to slide on the radial arm. The machine is named so because of this reason. It
consists of parts like base, column, radial arm, drill head and driving mechanism.

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 Fig 1.4 [radial drilling machine]

1.3.5 Gang drilling machine:

Gang drilling machine has a long common table and a base. Four to six drill heads are placed
side by side. The drill heads have separate driving motors. This machine is used for production
work. A series of operations like drilling, reaming, counter boring and tapping may be
performed on the work by simply shifting the work from one position to the other on the work
table. Each spindle is set with different tools for different operations.

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 Fig 1.5 [ Gang drilling machine]

1.3.6 Multiple spindle drilling machine:

This machine is used for drilling a number of holes in a work-piece simultaneously and for
reproducing the same pattern of holes in a number of identical pieces. A multiple spindle
drilling machine also has several spindles. A single motor using a set of gears drives all the
spindles. All the spindles holding the drills are fed into the work at the same time. The distances
between the spindles can be altered according to the locations where holes are to be drilled.
Drill jigs are used to guide the drills.

Fig 1.6 [ Multiple spindle drilling machine]

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1.3.7 Deep hole drilling machine:
A special machine and drills are required to drill deeper holes in barrels of gun, spindles and
connecting rods. The machine designed for this purpose is known as deep hole drilling
machine. High cutting speeds and less feed are necessary to drill deep holes. A non rotating
drill is fed slowly into the rotating work at high speeds. Coolant should be used while drilling
in this machine. There are two different types of deep hole drilling machines.

Fig 1.7 [Deep hole drilling machine]

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CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

The title development of 360-degree drilling machine requires an amount of good

understanding on the knowledge of the science. Therefore, executing a research is necessary to
obtain all the information available and related to the topic. The information or literature
reviews obtained are essentially valuable to assist in the construction and specification of this
final year project. With this ground established, the project can proceed with guidance and
assertiveness in achieving the target mark.

1. Multispindle Drilling Head by Mr. K. I. Nargatti, Mr. S. V. Patil, Mr. G.

N. Rakate (2016):
In order to model surface roughness, several methods had been used in previous research. Mr.
K. I. Nargatti, Mr. S. V. Patil , Mr. G. N. Rakate (2016) developed a model in Multispindle
Drilling Head with Varying Centre Distance. Multiple-spindle drilling machines are used for
mass production, a great time saver where many pieces of jobs having many holes are to be
drilled. Multi-spindle head machines are used in mechanical industry in order to increase the
productivity of machining systems. This machine has two spindles driven by a single motor
and all the spindles are fed in to the work piece simultaneously. Feeding motions are obtained
either by raising the work table or by lowering the drills head. As the name indicates multiple
spindle drilling machines have two spindles driven by a single power head, and these two
spindles holding the drill bits are fed into the work piece simultaneously. The spindles are so
constructed that their centre distance can be adjusted in any position within the drill head
depending on the job requirement. The positions of those parallel shafts holding the drills are
adjusted depending upon the locations of the holes to be made on the job. Based on the literature
review, the most parameters that widely considered when investigating the operation of a
machine are feed rate, spindle speed and depth of cut. Most of the researches didn’t consider
the uncontrolled parameters, such as tool geometry, tool wear, chip loads, and chip formations,
or the material properties of both tool and work piece.

2. Garitaonandia, M.H. Fernandes, J.M. Hernandez-Vazquez, J.A. Ealo,

Prediction of dynamic behaviour for different configurations in a drilling-
milling machine based on substructing analysis.

Dynamic models of machine tool structures are essential instruments to evaluate structural
performance in cutting operations. In order to fully exploit these models, they must meet three
critical requirements such as accuracy, computational efficiency and multi-configuration

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machine behaviour predictability. These virtues are hard to combine in one single model, as
the improvement of one feature can easily involve a negative effect in the others. This paper
deals with this problem and presents a robust procedure to develop reliable, efficient and
versatile dynamic models. First, the machine tool structure is split up in several components.
For each component, a finite element model is developed and the necessary corrections are
made comparing the numerical results to the experimental data obtained from a modal analysis
test. Once suitable numerical definitions of the components are available, substructures are
defined, considering some components individually and grouping those with no relative
movement. In this process, the connection between components is accurately modeled,
checking the resulting substructures experimentally. Secondly, the order of the substructures is
reduced using a Component Mode Synthesis approach based on Craig–Bampton method.
Traditionally, when working with movable substructures, the order reduction capability has
been limited by the large amount of connection degrees of freedom which must be kept in the
reduced representation to cover all possible positions of substructures. This paper presents a
procedure to solve this issue, where these degrees of freedom are eliminated from the reduced
model as the substructures are assembled sequentially. Finally, in order to evaluate the
reliability of the resulting model, the dynamic characteristics of the structure in various
configurations are calculated and the results are compared with the experimentally obtained
natural frequencies, mode shapes and frequency response functions for the same
configurations. Results indicate that the proposed method predicts correctly the position-
dependent dynamic behaviour of a machine, validating the developed procedure.

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CHAPTER 3 MODELING
1. Base plate

Fig 3.1[base plate]

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 Fig 3.2 [ base plate]

3. Joint :

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 Fig 3.3[joint]

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4. Screw :

Fig 3.4 [screw]

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5.Supporting frame:

Fig 3.5[supporting frame]

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6. Portable drilling machine:

Fig 3.6 [Portable drilling machine]

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7. Assembly:

Fig 3.7[assembly]

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 Fig 3.7[assembly]

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CHAPTER 4 METHODOLOGY

In designing and fabricating this 360-degree drilling machine, a flow of methods had to be used
the design. First of all, a process planning had to be charted out. This acts as a guideline to be
followed so that, the final model meets the requirement and time could be managed. This would
determine the efficiency of the project to be done. Regulating and analysing these steps are
very important as each of it has its own criteria to be followed.

Fig 4.1 [flow chart]

The flow chart starts with the introduction. Here, the introduction is first plan to start
the project. The supervisor request for understanding of the project and make some research

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about the project title. Student makes project synopsis, objective, and scope of work, problem
statement and planning.
Once the introduction is done, the supervisor request for the understanding of the
project. Thus, literature review on the title is done thoroughly covering all the aspect of the
project. The medium for this research are via internet and books. Essential information related
to the project is gathered for referencing. In conceptualization, few designs are done using the
sketching which is then saved to be reviewed. Sketch four concepts suitable for the project with
a 3-dimensional and understanding. The sketching is first step for designer used of the time.
The designs and concepts are than reviewed and recalculated to fit the best dimensions and
performance of 360 degree drilling machine . After four designs sketched design considerations
have been made and one design have been chosen. The selected design sketched is then transfer
to solid modelling and drawing using solid work application. Software is used because it gives
a better dimension of 360 degree drilling machine compared to manual draw and is much easier
to use.
However, the drawing using software is just a guideline to be followed to improve the
360-degree drilling machine. After draw is done, the project proceeds to next step that is
fabrication process. The finished drawing and sketching is used as a reference by following the
measurement and the type of material needed. The fabrication process that involved is cutting,
welding, drilling, and other. After every process was finish, the parts are check to make sure
that the output of the process obeys the product requirement.
If all the parts had been processed, the parts are joined together to produce full scale 360-degree
drilling machine. Here come the analysis processes. During the testing of this we find that
desired R.P.M are not obtained exactly and base plate is not magnetized.
The 360-degree drilling machine is finished by doing some finishing process such as
welding and joint the connecting arm by the bolts & nuts. After all parts had been joined
together and analysis, the last phase of process that is result and discussion. In result and
discussion, the draft report and the entire related article are gathered and hand over to the
supervisor for error checking.

For the conclusion, the finish product will be compare with the report to make sure that
there is no mistake on both project and report. After the product and report had been approve
by the supervisor, the report is rearranged and print out to submit at supervisor, the project

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coordinator and faculty of Mechanical Engineering. In this stage, the final presentation was
also being prepared and waited to be present.

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CHAPTER 5 LIST OF EQUIPMENTS

5.1 Components required:

Drill bit

Connecting arms & plates

Hinges

Joints & screws

Motor

5.1.1 DRILL BIT:

Fig 5.1 [drill bit]

In which drill bit are used of twisted type drill. It is of material Carbon Steel. Its diameter is of
2mm. This is used to make drill on wood, plastic and lightmetals. Drill bits are cutting tools
used to remove material to create holes, almost always of circular cross-section. Drill bits come
in many sizes and shapes and can create different kinds of holes in many different materials.
In order to create holes drill bits are usually attached to a drill, which powers them to cut
through the work piece, typically by rotation. The drill will grasp the upper end of a bit called
the shank in the chuck. Drill bits come in standard sizes, described in the drill bit sizes article.

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A comprehensive drill bit and tap size chart lists metric and imperial sized drill bits alongside
the required screw tap sizes. There are also certain specialized drill bits that can create holes
with a non-circular cross-section. Most drill bits for consumer use have straight shanks. For
heavy duty drilling in industry, bits with tapered shanks are sometimes used. Other types of
shank used include hex-shaped, and various proprietary quick release systems. The diameter-
to-length ratio of the drill bit is usually between 1:1 and 1:10. Much higher ratios are possible
(e.g., "aircraft-length" twist bits, pressured-oil gun drill bits, etc.), but the higher the ratio, the
greater the technical challenge of producing good work.

5.1.2 Connecting arms & plates :

It connects the two Frames to each other for supports between them to help to move when we
required. It consist of metal strips of two sizes one of 12” (inch) and another is of 15” (inch).
Both are of four pieces of equal length. A hinge is a mechanical bearing that connects two solid
objects, typically allowing only a limited angle of rotation between them. Two objects
connected by an ideal hinge rotate relative to each other about a fixed axis of rotation: all other
translations or rotations being prevented, and thus a hinge has one degree of freedom. Hinges
may be made of flexible material or of moving components. In a many joints function as hinges
like the elbow joint. In Hinges appear in large structures such as elevated freeway and railroad
viaducts. These are included to reduce or eliminate the transfer of bending stresses between
structural components, typically in an effort to reduce sensitivity toearthquakes. The primary
reason for using a hinge, rather than a simpler device such as a slide, is to prevent the separation
of adjacent components. When no bending stresses are transmitted across the hinge it is called
a zero-moment hinge.

Fig 5.2.1 [ box which is made from plates]

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 Fig 5.2.2 [connecting arm]

5.1.3 Hinges :
It support frames and connecting rods to each other by joints together. It used to constraint one
axis movement.

5.1.4 Joints :
A screw joint is a one-degree-of-freedom kinematic pair used in mechanisms. Screw joints
provide single-axis translation by utilizing the threads of the threaded rod to provide such
translation. This type of joint is used primarily on most types of linear actuators and certain
types of cartesian robots. A Screw joint is sometimes considered as a separate type but it is
actually a variation of bolted joint. The difference is that a screw is used rather that bolt, thus
requiring an internal thread in one of the jointed parts. This can save space, however,
continuous reuse of the thread would probably damage the coils, making the whole part
unsuitable. A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a nail. Some screw threads are
designed to mate with a complementary thread, known as a female thread (internal thread),
often in the form of a nut or an object that has the internal thread formed into it. Other screw
threads are designed to cut a helical groove in a softer material as the screw is inserted. The
most common uses of screws are to hold objects together and to position objects .

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 Fig 5.3 [ nut & bolt]
5.1.4 Motor:
It is an electrical device which converts electrical energy to mechanical energy. It rotates shaft
which support by bush in it when power is supply through rectifier. This shaft connect with
drill bit through chuck to rotate drill bit and make hole on work piece when it is required.

Specification of Motor
Type of Motor – D.C. Motor
Speed – Max 2600 rpm
Voltage – 12 Volt
Supply – D.C. Supply
Current – 0.2 – 1.2 AMP
Power – 2.4 – 15 watt
Frequency – 50 Hz
Controller – Hand

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 Fig 5.4 [motor]

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CHAPTER 6 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF MACHINE
The working principle of this flexible drilling machine is initially started from the D.C. motor
through full wave rectifier. In which there is one power sources, received from the rectifier.
Then the arm rotates at 360 degree and moves anywhere when drilling is required up to its
maximum arm length. With the help of my project we can drill in complicated parts
accurately.

Fig 6.1 [360 degree drilling machine]

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CHAPTER 7 SPECIFICATION OF DESIGN PARTS

NO. PART NAME MATERIYAL QUANTITY/SET

1 Connecting arms Mild Steel 4
2 Motor - 1
3 Screws & nuts Alloy steel 32
4 Drill bit H.S.S. 1
5 Base plate Mild steel -
6 Hinge Alloy steel 3

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CHAPTER 8 BILL OF MATERIAL

Sr.no Part name Quantity Rate(Rs.)

1 Base plate 1 440
2 Hand drill 1 850
3 Nut & bolt, visor 12 150
4 Metal plates 18 550
5 Drill bit set 1 300
6 Metal frame 4 300
7 Welding charges - 800
8 Other expenses - 150
Total= 3540 Rs.

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CHAPTER 9 FUTURE SCOPE

 Complete automation can be achieved

 Easy locking technique can be derived.
 180 degree rotation of the upper base plate can be modified further more to achieve 360
degree rotation
 Mobility of machine can be increased.
 Portability can be improvised.
 Base bottom plate can be magnetized for an environment where no clamping is
possible.
 Locking in the base can be further accurate by the use of gears or any stepper motor.

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CHAPTER 10 REFERENCE

1. Prof. Gadhia Utsav D, Shah Harsh A, Patel Viral A, Patel Kushang P, Amin Harsh J ,
DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT OF UNIVERSAL PNEUMATIC DRILLING
MACHINE: A REVIEW STUDY, International Journal For Technological Research
In Engineering Volume 3, April-2016 , Pages 1614 – 1616

2. Mr. Jay M. Patel , Mr. Akhil P. Nair , Prof. HiralU.Chauhan , 3-Directional Flexible
Drilling Machine, International Journal for Scientific Research & Development , Vol.
3, January 2015 , Pages 1262 – 1264
3. Multispindle Drilling Head by Mr. K. I. Nargatti, Mr. S. V. Patil, Mr. G. N. Rakate
(2016)

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