GROUP 4

BSN 1-J
Module 2.2: Content and Contextual Analysis of Selected Primary Sources
I. Learning Objectives:

1. Analyze the context, content, and perspective of selected primary sources and
determine how they affected the history of the Filipino people.

2. Relate the content and context of the selected primary sources vis-a-vis
contemporary socio-political context.
3. Develop critical and analytical skills as they are exposed to primary sources.

4. Display the ability to work in a multi-disciplinary team and can contribute to a group
endeavor.

II. Core Value:

MABUTI –Valuing the lessons of historical facts towards contemporary socio-political

issues.
III. Selected Materials for groupings:
1. Alfred McCoy, Political Caricatures of the American Era (Editorial cartoons)
2. Corazon Aquino, President Corazon Aquino’s Speech before the U.S. Congress Sept.
18, 1986 [Speech]
3. Raiders of the Sulu Sea (film)
4. Works of Luna and Amorsolo [Paintings]

IV. Activity
A. The following are the distribution of the readings of Non-textual primary sources:

Non-textual/ Visual Primary Sources

1. Alfred McCoy, Political Caricatures of the American Era.

2. Works of Luna and Amorsolo [Paintings]
3. Raiders of the Sulu Sea (film)
4. Corazon Aquino, President Corazon Aquino’s Speech before the U.S.
Congress
GROUP 4
BSN 1-J
B. Collage and Article Creation
a. Your class will be divided into four (4) groups.
b. Each group will create their own article/ written report about the assigned topic:

i. Group 1: Alfred McCoy. Political Caricatures of the American Era (Editorial

Cartoons)
ii. Group 2: Raiders of the Sulu Sea (Film)
iii. Group 3: Works of Luna and Amorsolo (Paintings)
iv. Group 4: Corazon Aquino, President Corazon Aquino’s Speech before the
U.S. Congress (Film)

c. The written report or article must contain the following elements (refer to the
Module 2.1 for the guide questions);

i. Background of the author/creator

ii. Historical background of the document
iii. Content presentation and analysis of the important historical information
found in the document
iv. Contribution and relevance of the document in understanding the grand
narrative of Philippine history
d. The article/written report will be uploaded online (Canvas). All groups are required
to study the four non-textual primary sources.

e. The group will have to create a Collage based on all four (4) topics.

f. The Collage must portrayed the socio-political issues encountered by the

Filipinos from the past and relating the same to the contemporary Philippine society
as reflected in the non-textual/visual primary sources using your group’s Cartolina.

f. In the following meeting, each group will present their collage to the class,
answering the following questions:

i. What is the context behind the cartoon?

ii. How was the issue portrayed in the cartoon?
iii. If the issue still exists today and how so?
 GROUP 4
BSN 1-J
Corazon Aquino, President Corazon
Aquino’s Speech before the U.S.
Congress (Film)
I. Background of the Author
A. What is the occupation or position of
the author? Provide a brief description of
it.
B. What are some of the facts about the
author that makes him dependable in
writing the document?
C. What was the author’s motivation in
writing the document?
II. Historical Background of the Document
A. What period in Philippine History did
the document tackled?
Maria Corazon Aquino was the 1st female president and the
11th president of the Philippines. At first, she was just a
plain house wife, playing the role of a supportive wife to
Benigno Aquino until her husband became the opponent of
Ferdinand Marcos and was assassinated upon returning
from exile. In 1986, Marcos called for elections
unexpectedly and Corazon Aquino became the unified
opposition’s presidential candidate, restored democracy
after the long dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos.
Corazon Aquino’s family was a politically prominent based
in Tarlac province. She graduated from Mount St. Vincent
College in New York City in 1954 but abandoned further
studies in 1955 to marry Benigno Simeon Aquino, Jr., who
was then a promising young politician. She personally
wrote the speech she delivered to the US Congress.
Corazon Aquino’s motivation in writing the document is her
mutiny and sadness of what her fellow Filipino experience
during the Marcos era most especially of what happened to
her husband. That the Filipino must be brave enough to
fight for what is right not only for them but for the
Philippine’s itself. It is the democracy that will set a
Filipino from the reality of life and once right. Despite of
the death of her husband that made her pursue the dream of
Ninoy Aquino for the Philippine’s to become a democratic
country. “But his death was my country's resurrection and
the courage and faith by which alone they could be free
again.”
The speech of president Corazon Aquino tackled the life
during the martial period by stating the difficulties and
suppression of freedom during that time especially to those
who oppose the martial law like the journalist and using her
husband, Ninoy Aquino, as a sample. She explained how
her husband was went through a cruel trial and a tragic life
before Cory was elected as the President of the free people.
 GROUP 4
BSN 1-J
B. What are some facts that the
document tells about Filipinos and life in
the Philippines at the time it was written?
C. What world/regional/ domestic events
affected the Philippines in general during
this period?
III. Content Presentation and Analysis of the Important Historical Information
A. How were the Filipinos and the
Philippines portrayed in the document
and why do you think so?
She also indicated the life after the martial law, the post-
martial law era, by stating how the Philippine government is
having a hard time in protecting its newly gained freedom
from martial law from the communist insurgence and the
poverty of the Filipino people due to the enormous debt left
by the previous administration and that they have to pay
even if they did not benefited from it.
The way how Filipino lived that time according to the
speech was hard though not as hard during the martial law
but hard because they just gained their freedom and is still
creating ways to improve the government through
democracy to improve the life of Filipinos. The Philippines
still has a 26 billion dollars debt that was from the Marcos
reign and the Filipinos are the one suffering in paying it
even when they did is not the ones who benefited from it.
The way how Filipinos lived that time according to the
Corazon Aquino's speech was hard, not only during the
martial law but also because they had just retrieved their
freedom and they are still finding and creating ways to
improve the government through democracy to improve the
life of Filipinos. The braveness of the Filipinos in letting
their voices be heard, in fulfilling a democratic system of
government. The Philippines still has a total of $26 Billion
debt that was from the Marcos reign and the Filipinos are
the ones suffering and working hard in paying it even if
they are not the ones who benefited from it. Cory also
mentioned her strong faith in God, as well as Ninoy Aquino,
which is evident in every Filipino. The Filipinos carry out
their religious practice very seriously for they are well
known for their deep faith in God.
As Corazon Aquino walks up to the podium to deliver her
speech, the crowd cheers as they give her a round of
applause with smiles on their faces. The acclamation
continues as she walks up in front with confidence, she
waits for the crowd to conclude their applause. The speech
was passionate, deeply personal, and effective; interrupted
11 times by applause and bookended with standing
ovations.
 GROUP 4
BSN 1-J
B. Provide important terms or concepts
and their meanings in relation to the
content of the document.
Upon silence took place, she started in reminiscing the last
time she visited the United States, which was three years
ago, when former President Corazon Aquino spoke before a
joint session of the United States Congress in September of
1986, the dust was only beginning to settle. It was her first
visit to America since the dictator Ferdinand Marcos had
been deposed in February of the same year and the
Philippines was reckoning with everything his
administration had inflicted. That included $26 billion in
total foreign debt, and a communist insurgency that grew,
throughout the Marcos era, from 500 armed guerrillas to
16,000. We were just at the beginning of a long path to
recovery. The main idea of the document is about our
freedom from the Marcos family. Former President Corazon
Aquino mentioned the death of her husband Senator
Benigno (“Ninoy”) Aquino, who was assassinated in
August 1983, Filipinos rallied around the widow Corazon
Aquino who symbolized all those who were victimized by
the Marcos dictatorship and how he is a traitor to his oath.
She pushes the people to strive for freedom and change and
how she challenges the former President Ferdinand Marcos
for election although she knew that cheating will happen.
She also mentioned our country's foreign depth to United
States. President Cory Aquino promise to focus on the
Communist Insurgency, but her main intention is that she
asked for help from the Americans to help our country
attain its democracy.
One of the most memorable line that Cory Aquino stated is
that "We fought for honor, and, if only for honor, we shall
pay," she said, agreeing to pay the debt that was stolen by
Marcos is the right thing to do. In order to gain honor we
need to be transparent and we need to make good choices.
Paying the debts that Marcos stolen was one of the right
choices or initiative. She also said that "in giving we
receive, in losing we find, and out of defeat we snatched our
victory" which states that in every act, there's a
corresponding reward. She also mentioned that the death of
Ninoy became the answered prayer of the Filipinos, a
pleasing sacrifice for freedom. A selfless person will always
 GROUP 4
BSN 1-J
C. What previous misconception in
Philippine History was debunked? What
new information have you learned
through the document?
want to put others first and think less of himself or herself
like this part of her speech which indicated that "I tell them
I don’t have any formula for ousting a dictator or building
democracy. All I can suggest is to forget about yourself and
just think of your people. It’s always the people who make
things happen." This means that there is no secret formula
or magic in ousting Marcos. What she did is she focuses
more on what will be beneficial for all and she think less
about herself. The speech of Cory Aquino gave credibility
to the People Power Revolution not only to the Americans
but to the whole world that change was possible without
violence.
Corazon Aquino known for restoration of the freedom of
people and taking up her husband, Ninoy Aquino's mantle
of presidency. Upon her speech, clarification and gratitude
was given to the people. One of which is the tragic life of
Ninoy Aquino with Marcos having a huge contribution to
that. It is no secret that Marcos hated the Aquino’s but
Cory, with her speech, showed to the audience the cruelty of
Marcos to her husband, her family. She mentioned Ninoy
being detained by Marcos along with Senators, Publishers
even those people who spoke about democracy. She
recalled on her husband's experience of being tortured and
threatened him of execution at midnight, yet she also
showed the strength and courage of Ninoy which reminded
her pain they felt when they lost him.
In her speech, she showed how Ninoy conquered all of his
sufferings with having strong faith in God. Having to face
death plenty of times, Ninoy kept his hope to The Lord.
Cory mentioned that Ninoy also went through hell when his
execution did not took place while he was in prison so they
arranged another trial for subversion, murder and a host of
other crimes before a military commission. She also said
that they would keep his body dead or alive and gave him
realization whilst almost having no life after all they’d done
to him then he decided to call off the fast on the 40th day.
He wanted to stay alive just like his dream of attaining
democracy. Cory said "He held out in the loneliness of his
cell and the frustration of exile, the democratic alternative to
 GROUP 4
BSN 1-J
the insatiable greed and mindless cruelty of the right and the
purging holocaust of the left", which explains that Ninoy
had a vision of death in the near future because of his
current state.

His death became the pleasing sacrifice of the country and

also the resurrection which sparked the faith and courage
that they could attain freedom once again. Cory mentioned
that the power of the people became stronger which gave
fear to their enemy until fear escorted him to his grave. His
death was the beginning the end of powerless Filipinos.
Cory held on to Ninoy's dream of democracy which means
that the power should be from the people.

IV. Contribution and Relevance of the Document

A. How relevant the document in
reconstructing the past of the Philippines
and its people?
The document which is Corazon Aquino’s speech before the
US congress is relevant in reconstructing the past history of
the Philippines and to its people because at first, she started
her speech by introducing her husband, which is Benigno
“Ninoy” Aquino Jr. She also discussed what Ninoy had
been through during the martial law, under the dictatorial
leadership of Ferdinand Marcos. She stated her grief, and
how she and her children lost her husband Ninoy and how
he had become the nation’s regimen and according to her a
“pleasing sacrifice” in regaining its democracy and freedom
from the greediness of the martial law. After that, she called
the US congress as the “democracy’s finest home”, for
according to Cory it played a big part in changing their
country’s policies towards the Philippines. This leads to the
contribution of her speech in the aspect of the Philippine
democracy. The US congress balanced the American
strategic interest against human concerns which illuminated
the vision of the world, for they saw on their television
screens, on their newspaper’s headlines what happened in
the Philippines. How empowered are the Philippine
countrymen in achieving the democracy that they were
praying for, for the longest time. Aquino also talked about
how she and her countrymen won and declared their victory
against the fraudulent greediness of the dictatorial leader.
At that time, we can say that the Filipino’s had that so-
called “unity” which they defined as being or “pagiging
makabayan” because they had this burning desire to fight
for their country’s rights and freedom, because they were
already enlightened with the wrong doings and the
 GROUP 4
BSN 1-J
unacceptable and inhumanly scenarios that had happened
during the martial law. And finally, she also acknowledged
the 26 billion dollars debt of the country which was done by
the previous government leader that has not been beneficial
to Filipinos. She said that this debt will be continually
imposed to the nation. And that, the friendship with the US
government has contained positive results because of the
country’s common concerns. 2 to 4 billion dollars that came
from the exportation of Philippine products will go to pay
the said debt even if the Filipino people did not received
any beneficiaries from it. Corazon Aquino ended her speech
with the quote “Join us America, as we build a new home
for democracy”. This is to stand as a shining testament of
the 2 nation’s commitment to freedom.

B. Provide the significance of the 1.) To the Scholars/Historians/Analysts who had been
document with the following (Choose all digging deeper throughout not only to our country’s history,
that applies); but also to the history of other nations. May this document
1.Scholars/Historians/Analysts be a guide, regardless if it is reconstructed or not in proving
2. Economy
brighter conclusions and analytical breakdowns towards our
3. Socio-cultural
4. Political nation’s past events.
5. Religious
6. Geography 2.) To our nation’s economy, this document had stated a
7. Filipino Youth past currency in our economy. As stated in her speech,
Corazon Aquino acknowledged the 26 billion dollars debt
of the country which was done by the previous government
leader that has not been beneficial to Filipinos. And that, 2
to 4 billion dollars that came from the exportation of
Philippine products will go to pay the said debt.

3.) Socio cultural

The speech did not mentioned anything much about our
social culture but did mentioned about Filipino’s resiliency
that we can consider as one of the traits of Filipinos. the
speech stated about the sacrifice of Filipinos before and
even Ninoy Aquino’s life that has ended just to win the
democracy we are living right now.

4.) Political
The speech stated that Cory was devastated about the two
decades of the previous administration political oppression.
It is obvious that the speech is emphasizing of what is the
life during the martial law, and how Filipinos won their
democracy. She did mention that there is impoverishment of
the previous administration (Marcos administration).
GROUP 4
BSN 1-J
That the corruption and inequality was not good for
Filipinos. She further explains why that kind of government
is something to be afraid of, if it continues. She stated the
significance of why did they fought for democracy.

5.) Religious
The speech did not mentioned anything religious but you
can still notice or see some things that we can relate about
morality when it comes to dealing with people. That there
should be harmony when it comes to military and people in
the Philippines. Unlike in martial law.

6.) Geography
Filipinos faced dramatic streets during the revolution. You
can see how the said rally affects the Filipinos, many of
them sacrificed their life for democracy.

7.) Filipino youth

We can conclude that the speech can pertains to Filipino
youth the generation during that time and today should
preserve or give importance of what Filipinos in revolution
had fought for. Which is the liberty or democracy. It should
be an eye opener for us that martial law is not a good
governance
GROUP 4
BSN 1-J
V. Assessment Part II: Rubrics for the article and Collage

A. Rubric for the Article

Group Name/Members:

Group 4: Santos, Mariko

Lalu John, Louie A.
Garvilles, Russell C.
Jocson, Angelica Danielle T.
Pangan, Gabrielle Ingrid N.
Cabiling, Gerna Anne Maie Anne S
Dimarucut, Jann Prescious C.
Mangiliman, Maica L.

Section: BSN 1-J

Article writing
Levels of Quality
Criteria Excellent Proficient Adequate Limited
40 30 20 10

Content Demonstrated a Demonstrated a Demonstrated a Demonstrated a

conscious and thorough basic very limited
(40pts) thorough understanding of understanding of understanding of
understanding of the subject the subject the subject
the subject matter but lacks matter and matter. This
matter. This key points. limited main reflection needs
written report points. revision and
can be used as further review.
a model for
other students.

Criteria 40 30 20 10

Used specific Used relevant Used examples Used incomplete

Evidence and and convincing proof from the from the topic to or vaguely
Historical proof/evidence topic studied to support most developed proof
context from the topic support claims in claims in the to only partially
studied to own words, topic with some support claims
(40pts) support claims in making connections with no
own applicable made between connections
words/thought, connections arguments. made between
making insightful between arguments.
and applicable arguments.
connections
between
arguments.

Criteria 20 15 10 5
GROUP 4
BSN 1-J

Introduction, Introduction, Introduction, Introduction,

detail detail detail detail
Organization arrangement, arrangement, arrangement, arrangement,
transitions, transitions, transitions, transitions,
(20%) conclusion and conclusions and conclusion and conclusion and
coherence are coherence are coherence are coherence are
superior. very good. satisfactory. limited.

Total Score: /100%

B. Rubric for the Collage and presentation

Group & Section

Group 4: Santos, Mariko

Lalu John, Louie A.
Garvilles, Russell C.
Jocson, Angelica Danielle T.
Pangan, Gabrielle Ingrid N.
Cabiling, Gerna Anne Maie Anne S
Dimarucut, Jann Prescious C.
Mangiliman, Maica L.
Title of the Collage:

Collage and presentation

Levels of Quality

Criteria Excellent Proficient Adequate Limited

40 30 20 10

Historical The group was able to
Context relate contemporary
socio-political issues to
(40pts) four (4) non-textual
primary sources.
The group was able The group was able to The group was not
to relate at least 3 relate 2 of the non-textual able to relate any of
non-textual primary primary sources. the non-textual
sources. primary source.

Criteria Excellent Proficient Adequate Limited

30 20 10 5

The group thoroughly
and more logically
Presentation explained how socio-
(30pts) political issues were
portrayed in the
collage, the context
behind it, and relate it
to issues of today.
The group was able The group poorly The group was not
to explain how socio- explained how socio- able to establish
political issues were political issues were any relation
portrayed in the portrayed in the collage between the
collage and the and the context behind it. collage and socio-
context behind it, and political issues
relating some issues behind it.
of today.

Criteria Excellent Proficient Adequate Limited

30 20 10 5
GROUP 4
BSN 1-J
Group's output was Group's output Group's output was Group's output
very creative. Much was creative. not very creative. was not
Creativity attention was given to There was Little attention was creative. No
detail. Utilized all attention to given to details. Did attention was
(30pts) primary sources very details. Utilized all not fully utilize the given to detail.
well. The collage was the primary sources. The collage Did not utilize
sources well. The was not very the primary
very interesting to look
collage was interesting to look at. sources. The
at.
interesting to look collage was not
at. interesting to
look at.

References:
Alfred McCoy, Political Caricatures of the American Era (Editorial cartoons)

Commission on Independence, Filipino Grievances Against Governor Wood (Zaide, 11. pp. 230-234).
[Petition letter]

Corazon Aquino, President Corazon Aguino’s Speech before the U.S. Congress Sept. 18, 1986 [Speech]

Raiders of the Sulu Sea (film)

Works of Luna and Amorsolo [Paintings]

GROUP 4
BSN 1-J