Types of Cancer Risk Factors Screenings/ Diagnostics Treatments

 Age  Breast self-examination (BSE)  Surgery (partial or total

1. Breast Cancer  Gender  Mammogram mastectomy)
- Ductus  Chemotherapy
 Family and/or personal history  MRI/ NMRI, chest x-ray, ultrasound
carcinoma in
 Radiation therapy  Thermography  Radiation therapy
situ
- Lobular  Weight (over weight)  Tissue sampling (biopsy)  Hormonal therapy
carcinoma in  Diet high in fat  Blood chemistry  Biological/ immunotherapy
situ  Lack of exercise  Hormonal receptor assay
 Alcohol consumption
 Smoking
 Exposure to estrogen
 Use of oral contraceptives
 Stress and anxiety

 Age  Complete blood count  Stem cell transplant

2. Cancer of the  Genetic  Blood protein testing  Immunotherapy
Blood:
 Smoking  Peripheral blood firm  Chemotherapy
- Leukemia
- Lymphoma  Chemical exposures (eg.  Tumor marker test
- Myeloma Benzene)  Circulating tumor cell test
 Previous use of chemotherapy  Bone marrow biopsy
drugs  Lymph node biopsy
 Radiation exposure  CT-scan, MRI, PET scan
 Certain blood disorders (eg.  X-ray, ultrasound
Polycythemia vera)

 Age  Comprehensive health history taking  Amputation

3. Bone Cancer:  Family history, heredity
- Osteosarcoma
 Previous fragility fracture
- Chondrasarcoma
 Diseases such as Rheumathoid
- Ewing Sarcoma
arthritis, Paget Disease
 Bone marrow transplant
and physical assessment
 X-ray, CT scan, MRI, Bone scan
 Biopsy (core, surgical and bone
marrow aspiration)
 Cell and tissue studies
 Chemotherapy
 Radiation therapy
 Stem cell transplant
 Targeted cell therapy
  Use of metal orthopaedic
device
 Radiation exposure
 Decrease Ca and Vit. D intake
 Chronic infection with HBV or  Blood testing (AFP)  Surgery
4. Liver Cancer HCV  Ultrasound - Surgery to remove
(hepatocellular  Cirrhosis tumor
 CT scan
sarcoma) - Liver transplant
 Certain inherited liver  MRI
disease  Radiation therapy
 Biopsy (Liver tissue)
 Diabetes  Freezing cancer cells
 Non-alcoholic fatty liver (cryoablation)
disease  Injecting alcohol into
 Exposure to aflotoxins the tumor
 Excessive alcohol consumption  Injecting chemotherapy
drugs into the liver
 Targeted drug therapy
 Immunotherapy
 Supportive (palliative)
care
 Chemotherapy
 HPV infection  HPV test  Chemotherapy
5. Female  Immune system deficiency  Pap test  Radiation therapy
reproductive
 Herpes (genital)  Visual inspection with acetic acid  Targeted therapy
cancers:
- Uterine Cancer  Smoking  Tumor markers  Immunotherapy
- Cervical  Age  Surgery
cancer  Socioeconomic factor - Lymphadenectomy
- Ovarian Cancer  Oral contraceptives - TAH BSO
- Hysterectomy
 Exposure to
diethylstilbestrol (DES)

 Age and gender (older male  Cryotherapy  Chemotherapy
6. Male reproductive 60-80 years old  Fluoroal  Radiation therapy
cancers:  Undescended testes  Imuguimoid  Immunotherapy
- Penile Cancer
 - Testicular  Poor hygiene  Inguinal lymphadenectomy  Targeted cell therapy
cancer  HPV  Penectomy  Surgery
- Prostate - Penectomy
 Tobacco use
cancer
 Over or underuse  Inguinal lymphadenectomy
 Uncircumcised
 Older age  Blood tests  Interventional therapy
7. Colon cancer  Race (African-american)  Colonoscopy  Gene targeted therapy
- Colorectal
 Personal history of  CT scan  Green chemotherapy
cancer
colorectal cancer or polyps  Sigmoidoscopy  TCM and western medicine
 Inflammatory intestinal  Fecal Immunochemical test  Radiotherapy
conditions  High sensitivity fecal occult  Chemotherapy
 Family history blood test  Surgical
 Low-fiber, high-fat diet  DNA stool test
 Sedentary lifestyle
 Genetics  Neurologic examination  Chemotherapy
8. Brain cancer:  Male  MRI, CT scan, PET scan  Radiation therapy
- Glioma
 History of cancer  Immunotherapy
- Non-glioma
 Head injury  Targeted cell therapy
 Exposure to cardiogenic agents  Surgery
- Craniotomy
 Smoking  X-ray, CT scan  Surgery
9. Lung cancer  Exposure to secondhand and  Sputum cytology - Wedge resection
thirdhand smoke  Tissue sampling (biopsy) - Segmental resection
 Exposure to radon gas - Lobectomy
- Pneumonectomy
 Exposure to asbestos and
other carcinogens  Radiation therapy
 Family history of lung cancer  Chemotherapy
 Radiosurgery
 Targeted drug therapy
 Immunotherapy
 Palliative care
References:

Breastcancer.Org (2019). “Breast Cancer Risk Factors”. Retrieved from: www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/understand_bc/risk/factors

Breast Cancer Institute (2019). “Breast Cancer Screening”. Retrieved from: www.cancer.gov/types/breast/patient/breast-screening-pdq

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018). “How breast cancer is treated”. Retrieved from: www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/basic-
info/treatment.html

Indus Health plus (2018). “Blood Cancer: Causes and Risk Factors”. Retrieved from: www.indushealthplus.com/blood-cancer-causes-risk-
factors.html

Mayoclinic (2017). “Cancer blood tests: Lab tests used in cancer diagnosis”. Retrieved from: www.mayoclinic.org/disease-conditions/cancer-
diagnosis/art-20046459

Mayoclinic (2018). “Liver Cancer”. Retrieved from: www.mayoclinic.org/disease-condition/liver-cancer/diagnosis.html

Cancer.net (2018). “Cervical Cancer: Screening and Prevention”. Retrieved from: www.cancer.net/cancer-types/cervical-cancer/screening.html

Colon Cancer Coalition (2019). “Colon Cancer”. Retrieved from: https://coloncancercoalition.org/get-educated/get-screened/colon-cancer/

Mayoclinic (2019). “Lung Cancer”. Retrieved from:mayoclinic.org/disease-condition/lung-cancer/