Christian Living

Lesson 15: New Evangelization: The Gen Z Way

Lesson 13: The Church in the Philippines and Its Response to the Prevalent
Issues of Our Time Sacred Scripture : The Similes of Salt and Light
Jesus calls each of us to be the light to others and the salt of the earth. In
Sacred Scripture : Ascension of Jesus doing so, we let others see the goodness of god, and in turn, glorify God in
As Jesus commissioned His apostles, we too are given the same mandate to their lives. (Mt 5:13-16)
go and proclaim and be His witnesses wherever our feet lead us and to
whoever God sends on our way. (Acts 1:6-9) What does Fr. Stephen Cuyos, MSC believe?
 Fr. Stephen Cuyos MSC, believes that "the new evangelization
What did Bo Sanchez observe on the percentage of Sunday mass needs a new generation of evangelizers who will strengthen and
attendance? Do you agree? Why? transform evangelization with their new energy, and with the
use of new methods and approaches developed by experts in
 Bo Sanchez observed that 15% of Catholics go to church every twenty-first century teaching: evangelizers who re not only
Sunday. digital experts, but who have a prayer life, passion for
evangelization, and professional excellence."
What do you think are our responsibilities as Christians? Explain each of his point
 Prayerful Life – our goal is not only to trransmit the faith but to
 As Christians, as the Church, we have a responsibility not only to transform our heats into His and to make disciples of all nations.
ourselves but to the world as well. As we bring the message of  Passion for Evangelizations – prayer will surely keep our
salvation with joy in words and deeds, we are making a passion for evangelizations burning.
difference in other people's lives in our own little way.  Professional Excellence – the quality of evangelization lies also
on the quality of evangelizers.
What are the areas of focus of the Church in the third millennium?
 Re-evangelization and living transformed lives in Christ, family WINK:
renewal and strengthening of the nuclear family, the culture of  Inter Mirifica- Vatican II's Decree on the Means of Social
life, defending life, and building the Church of the poor, working Communication
at social justice  New Evangelization- We always have the same Gospel of Jesus.
WINK: "New" evangelization refers to our new ardor, methods, and
 Kairos- refers to the Lords time; it us Gods special time; it is a expression of it.
moment when God reveals His will for us.  Porta Fidei- Apostolic Letter of Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI on
 PCP II- stands for the Second Plenary Council of the Philippines the Year of Faith
held on January 20- February 17, 1991; the Philippine Church's  Social media- online media designed to be used for social
response to the call of renewal of the Vatican II interaction.
 Re Evangelization- living a transformed life.
 Family Renewal- strengthening of the nuclear family.
 The Culture of Life- defending life and promoting social life.
TLE
Building the Church of the Poor- working at social justice. Recipe: Banana Muffins
Ingredients:
Lesson 14: Living the Spirit of Preferential Love of the Poor  ¼ c. melted butter
 ½ c. all-purpose cream
Sacred Scripture : The Parable of Good Samaritan  ¾ c. very ripe bananas, mashed
The story of the Good Samaritan from the Gospel of Luke teaches us to go  1 egg
 ½ t. vanilla
beyond borders or beyond boundaries to respond to the call of loving our
 1 c. all-purpose flour
neighbor. We are called to take off our blinders. Let us remember that a  ½ c. coarsely chopped almonds/cashew nuts
pair of eyes full of biases cannot put on a heart full of compassion and  1 ¼ t. baking powder
mercy. (Lk 10:29-37)  pinch of salt
 ½ c. brown sugar
The Church of the Poor refers to:
 A Church that embraces and practices the evangelical spirit of Procedures:
poverty.  Preheat oven to 215 C. Line muffin pans with baking paper cups.
 Members and Leaders who have special love for the poor, the  Mix the melted butter, brown sugar, all-purpose cream, mashed
bananas, egg, and vanilla. Mix thoroughly.
suffering, and those who are undergoing persecution for the
 In a separate bowl combine the dry ingredients. Add the melted
sake of justice. butter mixture. Mix thoroughly but do not over mix.
 The poor who are not discriminated against because of their  Pour the batter into the prepared muffin pans.
poverty, and are not deprived of their right to receive in  Bake in a preheated oven for 25 minutes or until done.
abundance the help of the spiritual goods of the Church,
especially the Sacraments. Recipe: Chocolate chip Muffins
 The pastors and other Church leaders who give preferential Ingredients:
attention and time to those who are poor, and generously share  1 ¼ c. all-purpose flour
 ¼ c. granulated sugar
of their own resources in order to alleviate poverty and make
 1 ¼ T. baking powder
the poor recognize the love of the Lord for them despite their  ½ c. milk chocolate chips
poverty.  ½ c. evaporated milk
 The entire community of disciples, especially the rich and better  1 egg
off sectors of the community, and its leader and pastors, who  2 T. melted butter
have such a loving preference for the poor as to orient and tilt  pinch of salt
the center of gravity of the entire community in favor of the  1.4 c. chopped nuts
needy - Church that is willing to follow Jesus Christ through
poverty and oppression in order to carry out the work of Procedures:
 Preheat the oven to 177 C. Prepare muffin pans. Set aside.
salvation.
 Sift together all the dry ingredients in a mixing bowl except for
Lumen Gentium 8 salt. Add the milk chocolate chips.
 The Church is called to follow the same path if she is to  In another bowl, beat together milk, egg, melted butter, and salt.
communicate the fruits of salvation to men. The Church,  Pour the milk mixture over the dry mixture. Mix thoroughly.
although she needs human resources to carry out her mission, is  Scoop batter into the prepared muffin pans. Top with chopped
not set up to seek earthly glory, but to proclaim, and this by her nuts.
own example, humility, and self-denial.  Bake for 25 minutes or until done.

WINK:
 Anawim- a Hebrew word from the Old Testament that refers to
"poor ones" who remained faithful to God in times of difficulty; Bread and Pastry
these humble people became known as the anawim, or the
"faithful remnant" I. Yeast Breads
 Church of the Poor- the proposed image of the Church by St.
John XXIII before the opening of Vatican II—"Confronted by the  Yeast and quick breads
underdeveloped countries, the Church presents herself as she is  are produced according to standard procedure
and wants to be the Church of all, and in particular the Church of  Straight Dough Method
the poor."
  the method of mixing dough by using all the  Needed to maintain air in the mixture using a rubber
ingredients at one time scraper, or whisk
 Yeast breads 6) Cut and fold
 Are leavened by yeast  Cutting vertically and turning often by gently sliding
 Makes use of yeast as the leavening agent the rubber scraper/ whisk across the bottom of the
 Prepared from lean dough or rich dough mixing bowl
 Pancake 7) Whipping
 A grilled cake  Beating rapidly to incorporate air needed for volume
 Yeast of finish product
 Is the leavening agent of pan de sal
 Rich dough
 Contains butter, sugar, egg yolks, nuts, ham and fruits
Mapeh
 Ensaymada, cinnamon rolls, coffee cakes, and special
buns rolls The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
 Proofing  were eight international development goals for the year 2015
 Is the term referring to the second rising of dough that had been established following the Millennium Summit of
 Punch down the United Nations in 2000, following the adoption of the United
 Is the process of removing air from the dough Nations Millennium Declaration. All 191 United Nations member
 Lean Dough states at that time, and at least 22 international organizations,
committed to help achieve the following Millennium
 Contains flour, sugar, yeast, and salt
Development Goals by 2015:
 Pan de sal, french bread and buns
 Cold water
 To eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
 An ingredients that controlled the growth of yeast
 To achieve universal primary education
 Liquid / water
 To promote gender equality and empower women
 Helps to produce more gluten
 To reduce child mortality
 Types of yeast :
 To improve maternal health
o Active
 To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
o Fresh
 To ensure environmental sustainability
o Instant
 To develop a global partnership for development

THREE WAYS OF MIXING THE DOUGH

GAME SCHEDULING
1. Straight dough method
a. All the ingredients are mixed together and
 Single Elimination
completely done at one time preferably using a mixer
 n-1 = number of games
b. Example : pan de sal ,and loaf bread
 Double Elimination
2. Sponge dough method
 (n-1)2 = number of games
a. A preliminary fermentation is done
 Round Robin
b. The dough to stand overnight after which the
 n(n-1)/2 = number of games
remaining ingredients are added until the mixture
becomes sponge dough before baking
MUSICAL COMPOSITION
c. Example : ensaymada
3. No-knead method
 refer to an original piece of music, either a song or an
a. Variation of the straight dough
instrumental music piece, the structure of a musical piece, or the
b. Kneading is omitted
process of creating or writing a new song or piece of music
c. The dough can be placed directly on the baking pans
before or after rising for the first period  people who create new compositions are called composers or
d. The dough is then shaped with the hands and allowed songwriters
to rise in the pan before baking  person who writes new words for a song is the lyricist
 "Composition" is the act or practice of creating a song or other
STEPS IN BREAD MAKING piece of music
 the act of composing typically includes the creation of music
1) Mixing of ingredients notation, such as a sheet music "score“ or lead sheet
 Dissolve yeast in warm water Jose Garcia Villa
 Add the other ingredients and mix to form a dough.  was a Filipino poet, literary critic, short story writer, and painter.
Set aside.  was awarded the National Artist of the Philippines title for
2) Kneading
literature in 1973, as well as the Guggenheim Fellowship in
 Knead the dough until it is smooth and elastic
creative writing by Conrad Aiken.
 Using the mixer or hands, manipulate the dough with
 He is known to have introduced the "reversed consonance
rhythmic pressure until the gluten has developed
rhyme scheme" in writing poetry, as well as the extensive use of
and the dough is elastic with blisters on the surface
punctuation marks, especially commas, which made him known
 Too much kneading produces bread of small volume
as the Comma Poet. He used the pen name Doveglion (derived
and weak crumbs
from "Dove, Eagle, Lion"), based on the characters he derived
 Lack of kneading produces bread that is heavy,small
from his own works.
in volume and compact
 Mir-I-Nisa is the first-ever three-act ballet based on a story by
MIXING TECHNIQUES IN PREPARING CAKES National Artist for Literature Jose Garcia Villa.
Lucio San Pedro
1) Sifting  was born in Angono, Rizal, Philippines
 Separating coarse particles of dry ingredients like  won as the National Artist for Music
flour and sugar by using a strainer; it breaks lumps in  famous compositions: Simbang Gabi, Sa LupangSarili, Sa
dry ingedients and aerates them. UgoyngDuyan, Transfiguration of Christ, The Redeemer, Santo
2) Creaming Niño Mass
 Butter and sugar are creamed until light and fluffy Jose Maceda
 Eggs are added gradually, one at a time, creaming  composer, musicologist, teacher and performer, explored the
musicality of the Filipino deeply.
until light or lemon colored
 Agungan
 Flour is added first and last, alternately with the Ramon Santos
liquid, mixing thoroughly till smooth
 Siklo
3) Beating
Juan Benasa
 Incorporating air in a mixture using a electric mixer,
 Mutya ng Silangan
whip, fork or egg beaten
Antonio J. Molina
4) Stirring
 Amihan
 Combining all the needed ingredients thoroughly by
using a wooden spoon Jerry Dadap
5) Folding  The Passionate and the Wild
 Three Songs
  Tragedy of the Birds - a pea – sized gland found in the center of the skull
- communicates with the hypothalamus through nerve impulses
and hormones
- release of the hormones is triggered by hypothalamus
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
THYROID GLAND
Feedback Loops: Types
- located just under the larynx or voice box
- secretes three hormones:
• Negative feedback loop T3 (triiodothyronine)
T4 (thyroxine)
• original stimulus reversed (shut off)
Calcitonin
• most feedback systems in the body are negative
• Positive feedback loop
• original stimulus intensified
 Thyroid hormones also help in maintaining a normal heart rate, blood
• seen during normal childbirth
pressure, muscle tone and reproductive functions.

Negative Feedback Loop PARATHYROID GLAND

- four tiny glands embedded in the surface of thyroid

- releases parathyroid hormone together with calcitonin that
regulates calcium levels in the body an antagonistic manner

THYMUS

- responsible for the development of the defense system of our

body against disease – causing organisms

ADRENALS

- located above the kidney

- made up of two parts: outer adrenal cortex and inner adrenal
medulla
- its inner part produces the adrenaline that plays an important
role in the body’s coping mechanism against short – term
physical and emotional stress.

PANCREAS

- produces two types of hormones: insulin and glucagon

 Insulin keeps the level of sugar in the bloodstream under control. It does this
by helping cells absorb the sugar and use it for energy.

 Glucagon increases the level of sugar in the body by speeding up the

conversion of glycogen to sugar in the liver.

 If the sugar level drops, the pancreas releases more glucagon to make up for
the loss and if the sugar level rises, the pancreas releases more insulin to get
rid of excess sugar.
Negative Feedback & Blood Pressure
GONADS
• Baroreceptors in walls of blood vessels detect an increase in BP
• Brain receives input and signals blood vessels and heart - human reproductive organs (ovaries & testes)
- produce sex hormones responsible for the secondary sexual
• Blood vessels dilate, HR decreases
characteristics that develop at the start of teenage years
• BP decreases
PINEAL GLAND

- secretes melatonin, which regulates body rhythms and sleep

HUMAN BODY REGULATION
patterns
The endocrine system consists of glands that produce hormones to control
the body’s normal functioning.
MAJOR ENDOCRINE ORGANS & HORMONES
Hormones are chemical messengers, carrying instructions to cells to change
HYPOTHALAMUS
their activities.

A gland is an organ whose cells secrete materials to be brought to the  Releasing and Inhibiting hormones
different regions of the body; sometimes via tube - like structures called - stimulates or inhibits the release of specific pituitary hormones
ducts.
PITUITARY GLAND (ANTERIOR)
Important concepts to remember about hormones:
 Thyroid –Stimulating Hormones (TSH)
 Some glands do not function until the organism reaches a certain - stimulates production and secretion of thyroxine
age, so some hormones are not secreted until then.
 The effects of hormones such as adrenaline are short – lived,  Prolactin
while hormones such as thyroxine produce long – term and - stimulates milk production
permanent effects in the body.
 The production of each hormone must be the correct amount.  Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
 Hormones work only on their target cells or organs. - stimulates secretion of corticosteroids
 Hormones are destroyed in the liver after they have performed
their function.  Endorphin
- decreases pain
MAJOR ENDOCRINE GLANDS IN THE BODY
 Growth Hormone
- Stimulates general body growth
HYPOTHALAMUS
 Luteinizing Hormone
- found at the base of the brain and produces hormones that help
- stimulates ovulation and production of estrogen and
turn the other endocrine glands in your body on and off
progesterone
- secretes hormones that stimulate or suppress the release of the
hormones in the pituitary gland
 Follicle – Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
- stimulates growth of ovarian follicle (ovary) and sperm
PITUITARY GLAND (HYPOPHYSIS) production (testes)
- also known as “master gland”
 - children with this disorder may still have normal intelligence and
capabilities
PITUITARY GLAND (POSTERIOR)
 With early detection and management, children with this malfunction can
 Oxytocin also reach a normal height.
- stimulates milk secretion (mammary gland) and induces uterine
contraction (uterus)

 Antidiuretic hormone B. DIABETES MELLITUS

- increases water absorption
 It is a group of metabolic disorders in which a person’s blood glucose level
is high due either to inadequate insulin production or the inability of body
THYROID GLAND cells to respond to insulin or both.

 Thyroxine 3 TYPES OF DIABETES:

- increases metabolic rate and growth
Type 1 Diabetes
 Calcitonin
- stimulates calcium uptake - body does not produce insulin
- people with this disorder will need to take insulin injections
PARATHYROID GLAND throughout their lifetime, go for regular blood tests and follow a
special diet
 Parathyroid hormones
- stimulates calcium release into blood (bones); stimulates Type 2 Diabetes
calcium absorption (digestive tract)
- the body produces minimal insulin or the body’s cells do not react
ADRENAL GLAND to insulin (insulin resistance)
- overweight and obese individuals are at higher risk of acquiring
 Epinephrine (adrenaline) & Norepinephrine this type of diabetes
- increases heart rate, blood pressure and blood sugar (circulatory - it is a progressive disease thus diet, exercise and taking anti
system); increases breathing rate and slears airways diabetic tablets can control the progression
(respiratory system)
Gestational Diabetes
PANCREAS
- this affects pregnant women
 Insulin - due to hormonal changes during pregnancy, a pregnant woman’s
- stimulates glucose uptake from blood. Produced by the cells are less responsive to insulin
pancreas. Prevents glucose from rising to dangerous levels.

 Glucagon  As more glucose enters the placenta and is absorb by the baby, it can lead
- stimulates glucose release from cells into blood. Prevents to a condition known as macrosomia or “fat baby”. The condition may
glucose from falling too low. make it difficult for the baby to pass through the birth canal.

GONAD (OVARY)  All forms of diabetes are treatable. With the right management and
combination of exercise, diet and weight control, people with diabetes
 Estrogen can manage this disorder. However, if left untreated, diabetes could lead
- stimulates female development and behavior to complications such as heart problems, hypertension, eye
complications, foot complication, stroke and slow – healing wounds.
 Progesterone
- stimulates growth of uterine lining (uterus) C. THYROID DISORDERS

Hyperthyroidism
GONAD (TESTES)
- condition results in the overproduction of thyroid hormones
 Testosterone - patients experience tremors, nervousness, fatigue, intolerance
- stimulates male development and behavior for heat, concentration problems, increase sweating, eye changes
(exophthalmos) or increase bowel movement
- treatment can be through medication, radioactive iodine or
THYMUS surgery

 Thymosin
- stimulates differentiation in white blood cells  Goiter and exophthalmos (protrusion of the eyeball) are associated with
Graves’ disease.
PINEAL GLAND

 Melatonin Hypothyroidism
- promotes sleep
- symptoms associated with insufficient amount of thyroid
hormones include goiter, fatigue, poor concentration, dry skin,
constipation, unusual cold feeling, depression and prolonged
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT menstruation in women

 Gastrin FIGHT OR FLIGHT

- stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
ARNOLD ADOLPH BERTHOLD
- considered as one of the pioneers of endocrinology
- well known for his experiments on the role of gonads in the
development of secondary sexual characteristics
- will receive the much needed oxygen and glucose to produce the
DISEASES OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
INSULIN AND WEIGHT MANAGEMENT
When too much or too little of a hormone is secreted, or there is lack of it in
the body, abnormalities of the endocrine glands cause changes in the body’s
normal functioning. Most people with problems in the endocrine glands may
require lifelong treatment.
A. DWARFISM
Pituitary dwarfism
- characterized by the body’s insufficient production of growth
hormones
- most common symptom among children is the unusually smaller
stature compared to other children of the same age
- Sympathetic system initiates a fight-or-flight reaction by
activating hormones that keeps the brain alert and readies the
body to take action.
- Adrenal medulla is stimulated to release the emergency or stress
hormones epinephrine(adrenaline) and
norepinephrine(noradrenaline) into the bloodstream.
- An increase in heart rate and blood pressure will assure that cell
body’s fuel.
- Insulin also affects the rate at which glycogen in the muscles are
broken down into glucose.
- If you wish to lose fat naturally ,you need to control your insulin
level.
- When you eat food, the carbohydrates are converted into simple
sugars such as glucose. This increase the glucose levels into the
blood, stimulating the release of insulin.
- The excessive production of glucose promotes the
storage of sugar in the form of glycogen, a polysaccharide in the
liver and muscles.
- Glycemic Index – tells how a particular food affects blood glucose
level.
 - Exercise and physical activities also deplete the muscles of
glycogen, producing glucose.
FILIPINO
SI RUSTAM AT SI SOHRAB
- Epikong Shahnameh – tinuturing na isa sa mga napakahalagang
panitikan sa Iran.
- Ilang klasikong epiko: Gilgamesh, Odyssey, Nibelungenlied at
Ramayana, ang Shahnameh ay produkto ng malikhain at makulay
na kamalayan at karanasan ng tao.
- Ang epiko ay nakilala rin sa taguring “Aklat ng mga Hari”.
- Isinulat ng makatang si Hakim Abul-Qasim Mansur na nagmula sa
bansang Iran.
- Nakilala ang makata sa pangalang Ferdowsi Tusi.
- Tumagal ng tatlumpong taon bago natapos ang epikong ito.
- Ito ang pinakamahabang epikong isinulat ng iisang tao. Mayroon
itong 60,000 na berso.
STORYA
- Si Rustam ay hinulaan nang magiging magiting na bayani sa
kanyang paglaki.
- Rudabeh – Ina ni Rustam.
- Zal – Ama ni Rustam.
- Isinilang si Rustam na kasinlaki ng isang sanggol na leon.
- Sa loob ng ilang araw ay naging batang paslit si Rustam at
makalipas ang ilang linggo ay naging kasinlaki na siya ng isang
binta.
- May nagwalang putting elepante sa palasyo at si Rustam ay
buong giting na pinaslang ito.
SI RUSTAM AT ANG KANYANG KABAYONG SI RAKHSH
- Ang lahat ng kabayo mula sa lahat ng sulok ng Zabulistan at
Kabulistan ay ipinarada sa kanyang harapan.
- Ang bawat kabayo ay napapaluhod sa kanyang kabigatan.
- Napansin ni Rustam ang mag-inang kabayong may dibdib na
kawangis ng leon.
- Sa loob ng tatlong taon ay wala pang nakapagpapaamo at
nakakasakay sa kabayo.
- Sinakyan niya ang kabayo at pinatakbo ito, naging palaisipan
kung bakit pumayag ang kabayo at hindi humadlang ang inahing
kabayo.
- Mula nang araw na iyon ay hindi na naghihiwalay si Rustam at
ang kanyang kabayong, si Rakhsh.
ANG PAGKIKITA NINA RUSTAM AT PRINSESA TAHMINA
- Sa Samangan, maghapong nangaso ng mababangis na hayop ni
Rustam.
- May dumang isang pangkat ng mga sundalong Turanian at
napagkasunduan nilang hulihin ang kabayo. Nabigo siyang
ipagtanggol ang sarili at tinangay ng mga sundalo.
- Sa paggising ni Rustam, galit at tuliro siyang pumunta sa bayan
ng Samangan upang huningin ng tulong sa paghanap sa kanyang
kabayo.
- Hatinggabi ng may pumasok sa kanyang silid na dalawang babae.
Nagpakilala ang magandang dilag na siya si Prinsesa Tahmina,
ang kaisa-isang anak na babae ng Hari.
- Nahulog ang loob ng dalawa sa isa’t isa, at may nagyaring
kababalaghan nong gabing iyon.
- Kinabukasan ay nahanap ang kanyang kabayo at nilisan na nila
ang bayan.
- Hindi naglao’y nagsilang ng isang batang lalaki ang Prrinsesa, si
Sohrab.
ANG TRAHEDYA NI SOHRAB
- Hindi alam ni Rustam na nagbunga ang kanilang pag-iibigan.
- Isang araw ay nagkaharap sa isang digmaan ang mag-ama.
- Sa pagtitig ni Rustam ay napadako ang kanyang paningin sa
pulseras na nakapulupot sa braso ni Sohrab at ito ang pulseras na
binigay niya sa Prrinsesa.
- Huli na ang lahat, patay na Sohrab.
MGA ARKITEKTO NG KAPAYAPAAN
- National Party ang Timog Africa noong 1948.
- Apartheid – naghihiwalay sa mga puti at hindi puti.
- Pinagbabawalan ang pag-iisang dibdib ng mga puti at hindi puti,
ang mga pampublikong lugar ay hiwalay sa mga puti.
- Pass Law System – nagbibigay permiso sa mga hindi puti na
pumunta sa mga lugar na nakalataga para sa mga puti.
- Nelson Mandela – freedom fighter.
- Nong 1990 nang inilabas siya sa kulungan.
- President F.W. Klerk – nakipagtulungan upang makapagtatag ng
bagong konstitusyon.
- Ang dalawang pinuno ay pinarangalan ng Nobel Peace Prize nong
1993.
- 1994, nahalal si Nelson Mandela bilang pangu;o ng Timog Africa,
tanda na tapos na ang racial discrimination.
SANAYSAY NI ARCHBISHOP DESMOND TUTU
- May karapatan ang sinumang pulis na arestuhin ang mga walang
dalang pass.
- Nakatapos ng Kursong Theology sa Inglatera.
- Arsobispo ng Cape town noong 1986.
- Nagtala ng tatlong layunin: Dalawa ay patungkol sa gawain ng
simbahang Anglican at ang ikatlo ay ukol sa kalayaan ng lahat ng
tao sa Timog Africa.
- Naisakatuparan ito noong April 27,1994.
- May 10,1994 nang itinalaga si Mandel bilang pangulo.
- Isa ako sa 17 na itinalaga ni Pangulong Mandela noong
September 1995.
- Komisyon ng Katotohanan at Muling Pagkakasundo, Slogan:
Mapait ang Katotohanan, ngunit Nakakamatay ang Pananahimik
Lamang.
- January 1997 nang nalaman kong mayron akong Prostate cancer.
- Ang aking sakit ay nagtulak sa akin na tanggapin nang may
pasasalamat ang katotohanang ang buhay ng tao ay may
hangganan.
PAGGUHO
CHINUA ACHEBE(ALBERT CHINUALUMOGU ACHEBE)
- Ipinanganak sa Nigeria noong November 16,1930 at lumaki sa
bayan ng Igbo sa Ogidi.
- Gawaing pangmisyonero ng mga Kristiyanong Anglican sa
silangang Nigeria.
- Natapos ng Kolehiyo sa University of Ibandan.
- 1958, kauna-unahan niyang nobelang “Things Fall Apart”.
- 1961, napabaling siya sa kawani ng Nigerian Broadcasting
Corporation o NBC at naging Director of External Broadcasting.
- 1966, Biafran War. Naitalaga siyang Senior Research Fellow sa
Nigeria, Nssuka.
- Naging Propesor ng English sa Massachusetts, Amherts mula
1972-1976, at muli noong 1987-1988. Nagturo siya
pansamantala sa Connecticut, Storrs ng isang taon.
- Ibinilang sa London Sunday Times na isa sa “1,000 Makers of the
20th Century”.
- Ang kanyang tula na “Christmas in Biafra” na isinulat noong
Biafran War at nagwagi sa “1st Commonwealth Poetry Prize”
- “Arrow of God”, nanalo sa “Statesman-Jock Campbell Award”.
- “Anthills of the Savannah”, ay finalist sa 1987 “Booker Prize sa
England”
- Ang ilang parangal na natangga niya: “Honorary Fellowship of the
American Academy”, “Institute of Arts and Letters” at “Man
Booker International Prize for Fiction” noong 2007.
- “Nigerian National Merit Award”, ang pinakamataas na parangal
na kanyang natanggap.
- Namatay siya noong March 21,2013 sa eded na 82 sa Boston,
Massachusetts.
Buod ng Nobela
- Okonkwo - ang bida
- Unoka – ama ni Okonkwo
- Nwakibie – nagsaka
- Naging bantog siya sa Umofia at sa mga kanugnog na tribu dahil
sa kanyang bangis sa pakikigigma. Naging pinakamahusay siya na
mandirigma sa iba’t ibang tribu.
- Nakapag-asawa siya ng tatlo sina ina ni Nyowe, Ekwefi at Ojiugo.
- Si Ezinna lamang ang himalang nabuhay sa sampung sanggol na
kanyang iniluwal.
- Hindi pinahalata ni Okonkwo na paborito niya si Ezinna dahil
matapang ito at tila lalaking kumilos gaya ng nais niya sa kanyang
panganay na anak na si Nwoye.
- Nakikita kasi ni Okonkwo kay Nwoye ang katangian ng kanyang
ama kaya lagi niya itong pinangangaralan.
- Nakapaslang ang isa sa mga anak ng taga-Mbaino ay
napagkasunduang magbayad-pinsala sila ng binatilyo at dalagita
ng nasira nitong asawa.
- Si Okonkwo ang naantasang mangalaga sa binatilyong si
Ikemefuna.
- Hindi nagtagal, kinagiliwan niya ang binatilyo at itinuring anak
ngunit di niya ito pinapahalata.
- Paglipas ng 3 taon, nagtungo sa kanya si Ogbuefi Ezeudu, ang
pinakamatanda at iginagalang sa Umofia.
- Hahatulan ng kamatayan si Ikemefuna na isasagawa sa labas ng
tribung Umuofia.
- Nagdalamhati at nasaktan sila sa balita ngunit wala silang
magawa.
- Si Okonkwo ang tumapos sa buhay ng binatilyo.
- Hindi siya nakakain at nakatulog ng maayos dahil binagabag siya
ng kanyang bidhi.
- Naging panauhin si Okonkwo sa kaibigang Obierika sa
pamamanhikan nga kanyang babae na anak na si Akueke na 16
na gulang.
- Pinuri niya si Maduka, anak ng kanyang kaibigan dahil sa husay
nitong makipagbuno.
- Habang nagbibigay-pugay sa iginagalang sa tribu na si Ogbuefi
Ezeudu ay di sinasadyang natamaan ng kanyang punglo ang isa
sa mga anak nito kaya kailangan nilang lisanin ang lugar ng
pitong taon dahil isa itong krimeng laban sa mga diyos ng lupa.
- Sa tribo ng Mbanta nagkanlong ang pamilya ni Okonkwo.
- Malugod silang tinanggap ng nakababatang kapatid na lalaki ng
ina niya si Uchendu.
- Nagsaka sila at unting umunlad sa tulong narin ng kanilang
tiyuhin.
- May mga Europeong misyonero anga nagsisimulang maghatid ng
pagbabago sa kanilang paniniwala at kaugalian. Minsan narin
niyang nakita si Nwoye na tagasunod ng mga ito.
 - Inilihim ni Okonkwo na itinakwil niya ang kanyang anak.  Labimpitong itinalaga ni Pangulong Mandel noon Septyembre
- Lihim na sumapi si Nwoye sa kristiyanismong misyonerong 1995, upang maging bahagi ng Komisyon ng Katotohanan at
Europeo. Nadama niyang tanggap siya ng mga ito na hindi niya Muling Pagkakasundo.
naranasan sa kanyang ama.
- Sa pagbabalik ni Okonkwo sa Umuofia ay nagkarroon ng tinig at  Slogan: “Mapait ang katotohanan, ngunit nakakamatay ang
kapangyarihan ang mga puti sa mga katutubo. pananahimik lamang”
- Si Okonkwo at ang iba pang iginagalang sa tribu ay nakaranas din  Enero 1997- namatay ng dahil sa prostate cancer
ng lupit at kawalang-katarungan sa pagdinig sa isang usapin sa PUPPET SHOW:
ilalim ng mga puti.
- Hindi matanggap ni Okonkwo ang pagbabagong dala ng mga  Gumaganap sa establado ay mga bagay na walang buhay;
mananakop sa kanilang sinilangan at niyakap nan g kanyang anak puppetry, puppeteer (ang may hawak)
at mga katribu ang baagong pamamahala.  Nagsimula 3000 taon ang nakalipas
 Taga Ehipto- 2000 BC
 Isinagawa rin ng sinaunang griyego
Si Rustam at Si Sohrab  Pinakamatandang tula ng pagsasagawa ng puppetry ay
 Epikong Shahnameh. (napakahalagang panitikan ng Iran. mababasa sa mga gawa ni Herodotus.
 Isinulat ng makatang si Hakin Abul- Qasim Mansur, nagmula sa a. Finger puppet
bansan Iran. “Ferdowsi Tusi”
b. Sock puppet
 Tumagal ng tatlumpong taon bago natapas ang epikong ito.
c. Hand puppet (glove pupper)
 60,000 na berso
Rustam
d. Carnival pupper (body puppet)
 Rudabeh (ina) e. Blacklight puppet
 Zal (ama) f. Marionette (string puppet)
 Kasinlaki ng isang sanggol na leon Heredotus-
 Putting elepante  ama ng kasaysayan noong ikalimang siglo bago pa
 Rakhsh (kanyang kabayo) (dala ni Kabul) ipanganak si Kristo.
Prinsesa Tahmina
 Sohrab
 Nasa kanya ang pulseras ni Princesa Tahmina na binigay ni
Rustam

Pagguho (Things Fall Apart)

Chinua Achebe
 Albert Chinualumogu Achebe
 Nakatira siya sa Nnigeria
 Nobyembre 16 1930 siya ipinanganak
 Igbo sa Ogidi
 Sa University of Ibadan siya nagaaral
 Noong 1958 ang kauna unahan niyang nobela na Things Fall
Apart
 Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation (NBC), 1961 at nagging
Director of External Broadcasting
 Hindi siya nagtagal sa tungkulin dahil sa Biafran War noong 1966
 Naitalga siyang Senior Research Fellow sa Pamantasan ng
Nigeria N sukka.
 Nagging propesyon sa Ingles sa Pamantasan ng Massachusetts,
Amherst mula 1972-1976 at muli noong 1987-1988
 Honorary Fellowship of the American Academy and Institute of
Arts & Letters
 Namatay noong Marso 23 2013, sa edad ng 82 sa Boston
Massachusetts
MGA ARKITEKTO NG KAPAYAPAAN
 Pamahalaan ng National Party ang Timog Africa noong 1948.
Apartheid-
 maghihiwalay sa mga puti at hindi puti.
Pass Law System
 hindi maaaring magpunta sa mga ugar na nakatalaga para sa
mga puti ang mga itim na African kung wala silang dalang pass
na ibinibigay ng pamahalaan.
Nelson Mandela
 Freedom fighter
 Inilabas si Mandela sa kulungan noong 1990
 Nakipagtulungan siya sa pamahalaan ni President F.W. Klerj
uoang makapagtatag ng bagong konstitusyon sa Timog Africa.
Ito na ang hudyat na pagkawala ng apartheid.
 Nobel Peace Prize noong 1993.
 Nanalo si Nelson Mandela bilang pangulo ng Timog Africa noong
1994. Isang tanda na tapos na ang mahabang panahon ng racial
discrimination.
MGA ARKITEKTO NG KAPAYAPAAN:
(Archbishop Desmond Tutu)
 Pass Law System
 Palaging magdala ng pass para makapasok
 Nakapagtapos ng kursong Theology sa Inglatera.
 Naging Archbishop ng Cape Town noong 1986.
 Nagtala ng tatlong layunin:
1. Gawaing simbahang Angelican
2. Ukol sa kalayaan ng lahat ng tao sa Timog Africa
maging puti man o itim.
 Ito ay naisakatuparan noong ika-27 ng Abril 1994 nang si Nelson
Mandela ay inihalal ng unang demokratikong pangulo ng Timog
Africa.
  Mayroon ding tintawag na cybersex kung saan
AP nakikipagtalik ang isang prostitute sa pamamagitan ng
Same Sex Marriage Internet at webcam kapalit ng halaga.
 ay ang kasalan o pagiisang dibdib ng dalawang taong may
magkatulad na kasarian. Rape/Panggagahasa
Homosexuality/Homoseksuwalidad  isang uri ng seksuwal na panghahalay o pagatake na
karaniwang nasa anyo ng pagtatalik o iba pang uri ng
 tumutukoy sa romantikong atraksiyon, atraksiyong penetrasyong seksuwal mula sa isa o higit pang
seksuwal, o gawaing seksuwal sa mga kabilang sa indibidwal nang walang pahintulot.
magkaparehong kasarian.  ang panggagahasa ayon sa Batas ng Pilipinas, ay
Oryentasyong Seksuwal itinuturing na isang criminal na pagkakasala.
 merong tatlong pangunahing kaurian, katulad ng Pang-aabusong seksuwal
homoseksuwalidad, biseksuwalidad at  ang ano mang uri ng seksuwal na gawain na ginagawa
heteroseksuwalidad. nang labag sa kalooban ng biktima.
American Psychological Association
DAHILAN NG PROSTITUSYON AT PANGAABUSO:
 pinangangambahan ng mismong mga same sex parent na
 Kahirapan
magkaroon ng diskriminasyon ng mismong mga same sex
 Naranasang seksuwal na pang-aabuso
parent na magkaroon ng diskriminasyon at kapinsalaan
 Kakulangan sa edukasyon
sa paguunlad ng kanilang mga anak.
 Murang edad, pagiging immature, at kawalan ng
Survival of the Species
kakayahang magdesisyon ng tama
 ayon ky Interior Minister Jorge Fernandes Diaz, dapat
 Paghahangad sa luho (kahirapan)
ipagbawal ang gay marriage sapagkat hindi nito
ginagarantiyahan ang survival of the species.  Pagiging gastador
Argentina  Paggamit ng bawal na gamut
 kung saan halos lahat ay Katoliko, ang unang bansa sa  Peer pressure
Latin America na nagsalegal sa gay marriage. EPEKTO NG PROSTITUSYON AT PANGAABUSO:
Hunyo 2015 1 Sa Indibidwal
 naglabas ng makasaysayang desisyon ang Korte Suprema  Masamang epekto sa pisikal na kalusugan
sa US na kumikilala sa legal na karapatan ng mga same  Masamang epekto sa kalusugang sikolohikal
sex couple na magpakasal. Ideneklara ng US Supreme  Pagkawala ng tiwala sa sarili
Court, sa botong 5-4 na legal na ang same sex marriage sa  Pagkakaroon ng maling pakahulugan sa sex
lahat ng 50 estado nito.  Patulog na pagkasadlak sa prostitusyon
Jesus Nicardo Falcis III 2 Sa Pamayanan at Bansa
 hiniling na baguhin ang bahagi ng mga Artikulo 1 at 2 ng  Lalong paglaganap ng prostitusyon at pang-
Executive Order 209 o Family Code of the Philippines aabusong seksuwal
noong Mayo 2015, na nagtatakda at naglilimita sa kasal  Nagdudulot ng kamatayn sa mga biktima
na para lang sa lalaki at babae.  Pagkasira ng pamilya at relasyong mag-asawa
Interior Minister Jorge Fernandez Diaz  Nagdudulot ng mapanganib na paniniwala na
 ayon sakanya, dapat ipagbawal ang gay marriage ang kababaihan ay kalakal na pinagkakakitaan
sapagkat hindi nito ginagarantiyahan ang survival of the  Pagdami ng kaso ng mga sexually transmitted
species. disease
Jonina Leosdottir  Maaaring magbunsod sa abortion o kaya
 isang manunulat na pinakasalan ni Prime Minister naman ay magdulot ng overpopulation
Johanna Sigurdardottir matapos maipasa ang gay HIV/AIDS
marriage sa Iceland.  isang sakit ng sistemang immuno ng tao na sanhi
Minority Stress ng HIV. Sa simulang impeksiyon, ang isang taong
 ang hindi magandang pananaw sa LGBT ay maari ding nahawaan ay maaaring makaranas ng isang maikling
makapagdulot sa kanila nito. yugto ng tulad ng trangkasong mga sakit. Ito ay
Procreation karaniwang sinusundan ng isang humabang panahong
 ay resulta ng pagtatalik ng isang lalaki at babae. walang mga sintomas.
MGA BANSANG LEGAL ANG SSM:  Ang HIV ay pangunahing naisisalin sa pamamagitan ng
 Netherlands, 2000 hindi ligtas na pakikipagtalik, nahawaang dugo at mga
 Belgium, 2003 karayom at sa ina tungo sa anak sa pagbubuntis,
 Canada, 2005
panganganak o pagpapasuso. Ang ilang mga pluido sa
 Spain, 2005
 South Africa, 2005 katawan gaya ng laway at luha ay hindi nagpapasa ng
 Norway, 2009 HIV.
 Sweden, 2009
 Ang pag-iwas sa impeksiyon ng HIV na pangunahin sa
 Iceland, 2010
 Portugal, 2010
pamamagitan ng ligtas na pakikipagtalik (paggamit
 Argentina, 2010 ng kondom) at mga programang pagpapalit ng karayom
 Denmark, 2012 sa mga gumagamit ng droga ay isang mahalagang
 France, 2013
stratehiya upang makontrol ang pagkalat ng sakit na ito.
 Brazil, 2013
 USA, 2015

Prostitusyon
 ay tumutukoy sa mga gawaing sekswal na may kapalit na
kabayarang salapi o iba pang material na bagay na may
halaga gaya ng alahas at ari-arian, o kaya naman ay
kapalit ng ibang pabor.
 isang uri ng human trafficking. Hindi ito legal sa Pilipinas
sapagkat tutol ditto ang maraming sector ng lipunan lalo
na ang mga relihiyon.
Pornograpiya
 ito ay tumutukoy sa malalaswang palabas, babasahin, at
larawan.