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Working side Non-working side the end of the lateral exclusion can backwards (distally) or downwards
A occur. (inferiorly).
The next effect consists mainly of
rotation round the vertical axis of the
B Non-working Side working condyle with concomitant
The side away from which the mandible lateral translation (Figure 1). The
has moved is termed the non-working average lateral movement is 1 mm.
side but NOT the balancing side. There is, therefore, a bodily shift of the
Balancing side contacts are used in mandible to the working side.
complete denture construction to gain Unfortunately, the American literature
balanced articulation and improve also calls this shift laterotrusion.
Mandibular
position in ICP
denture stability during excursive
RLE movements. Balance is a prosthetic
Mandibular position in RLE
term in edentulous cases whereas non- Bennett Angle = Progressive
Figure 1. Right lateral excursion (RLE) viewed in working side contacts occur in dentate Side Shift
the horizontal plane. A = Lateral shift or subjects. Non-working contacts may The Bennett angle refers to the angle,
Immediate Side Shift in mm. B = Bennett Angle or
Progressive Side Shift in degrees. become interferences should any of the in the horizontal plane, between the
previous situations exist as for the sagittal plane and the downward,
RCP–ICP slide and/or: inward and forward path of the non-
does. The ‘freedom’ relates to an ability working condyle. The mean Bennett
to close the mandible into RCP, or l Palatal cusps fracture; angle is 7.5°. It is important to realize
slightly anterior to it, without altering l Increased tooth mobility occurs that this is viewed in the horizontal
the vertical dimension at the anterior with a healthy periodontium (1° plane. The degree of forward and
teeth. In practice this means moving Trauma from occlusion); downward translation of the non-
the palatal inclines of the upper anterior l Increasing tooth mobility occurs working condyle, when viewed in the
teeth forwards to facilitate unrestricted with pre-existing chronic adult sagittal plane, is greater than for a
jaw closure into either RCP or ICP. ICP periodontitis (2° Trauma from protrusive movement. This angle
and RCP are coincident in 10% of the occlusion); between the translating pathway in
population and in patients who have l Pain or pulpal necrosis is located protrusion and that of the non-working
undergone therapeutic reorganization to one or two teeth with no other condyle has been called Fischer’s
of their dentition. This is termed Point obvious cause, e.g. caries. angle.
Centric and involves restoration of
teeth to interdigitate in RCP. Which It should be remembered that many
occlusal scheme is best remains individuals adapt to developmental PROTRUSIVE GUIDANCE
debatable as they all have well malocclusions and deranged This is a combination of anterior or
respected advocates: freedom of centric occlusions such that a non-working incisal guidance and condylar
(Beyron, 19692; Ramfjord & Ash, contact is not necessarily an guidance. Protrusion is the anterior
19833); long centric (Dawson, 19894); interference. Despite this, the non- movement of the mandible. An
point centric (Stuart & Stallard, 19605). working contact can result in alteration edentulous individual can protrude his/
in mandibular leverage and non-axial her mandible. During protrusive
forces. Providing there are no signs or guidance, in Class 1 relation, the incisal
LATERAL MOVEMENT symptoms of disorder/disease, then a edges are guided by the palatal aspects
watchful eye is acceptable.
Working Side
Lateral mandibular movement is guided Bennett Shift or Movement =
by condyle-fossa relationships and Lateral Shift = Immediate Side
tooth relationships. During canine Shift
guidance the palatal surface provides These terms have caused great
guidance which may disclude all the confusion to dentists, perhaps because
other teeth on the side to which the all the terms describe the same thing.
mandible has moved (the working side). Lateral Shift is the most descriptive a b
Alternatively, multiple working side term as it relates to the lateral
Figure 2. (a) Steep anterior guidance increases
contacts may be present, called group movement of the working side likelihood of posterior disclusion. (b) Shallow
function, or a combination of initial condyle.6 It may move outwards anterior guidance with greater risk of posterior
group function with canine rise towards (laterally) and upwards (superiorly), contacts.