Research Topic:

Parametric Study and Structural Behaviour of RCC Chimney and its

Foundation under Wind and Earthquake Loading

IS 4998-1992 (Reaffirmed in 2003) - Code Contents

4 LOADS

4.1 Dead Loads 875 Part 1

4.2 Imposed Loads 875 Part 2

4.3 Wind Loads

4.3.1 Wind Loads as per 875 Part 3

4.3.2 Procedure as per Annexure A of this code

4.4 Earthquake Loads Annexure A of This Code 1893-1984

4.5 Temperature Loads

5 ASSESSMENT OF LOADS

5.1 Loads to be considered

5.1.1 Libve Load Usage Clause

5.1.2 Wind and Earthquake loads - Not to be considered Simultaneously

5.2 Foundation of Chimney - Coexistant lateral loads

5.3 Loading Conditions or Load Combinations

5.4 Circumferential Wind Moments

5.5 Moment due to Corbel Loads

A-1 WIND EFFECTS ON CHIMNEYS

A-1-1 Static or Along wind Load with or without Aerodynamic interference

A-1-2 Unsteady forces on a single chimney Explanation

A-1-2-1 Frequency of shedding

A-1-2-2 Ovalling Effect

A-1-2-3 Second Higher Order Mode Oscillations

A-1-2-4 Identical Chimney adjacent to each other

A-1-2-5 Atmospheric Buffeting

A-1-2-6 Galloping instability due to non circular section of chimney

A-2 ESTIMATION OF WIND LOADS

 Research Topic:
Parametric Study and Structural Behaviour of RCC Chimney and its
Foundation under Wind and Earthquake Loading

IS 4998-1992 (Reaffirmed in 2003) - Code Contents

Two Methods mentioned in A-4 and A-5

A-3 Natural Frequency calculation in Bending

Values of Dynamic modulus of elasticity of concrete mentioned

A-4 SIMPLIFIED METHOD

A-4-1 Along Wind load or Drag Force

As per IS 875 Part 3 to be considered

A-4-2 Peak Tip Deflection due to vertex shedding calculated

A-4.2.1 Calculation of Shear force and bending moment

A-4.2.2 Calculation of Mass damping parameter

A-4.2.3 Calculation of Equivalent mass per unit length

A-4.3 Calculation of critical wind speed

A-4.4 Requirement check of Across Wind Loads

A-5 RANDOM REPONSE METHOD

A-5.1 Along Wind Response Gust Factor and Hourly Mean Wind Speed (875 Part 3)

A-5.2 Along Wind Load on Chimney

A-5.3 Across Wind Load on Chimney

Peak tip deflection for two different slopes - procedure

Calculation of Force and Moment

A-6 AERODYNAMIC INTERFERENCE TO TWO OR MORE CHIMNEYS

A-6.1 Identical Chimneys

A-6.2 Different Chimneys

AERODYNAMIC REMEDIAL MEASURES FOR SUPPRESSING OR ALLEVIATING VORTEX EXCITED
A-7 OSCILATION

A-7.1 Vertex excited oscillations - Use of discrete strakes

A-7.2 Vertex excited oscillations - Use of Continuous strakes

A-7.3 Vertex excited oscillations - Other remedial Measures

A-7.4 Wind Tuneel Tests - Scale of Model

 Research Topic:
Parametric Study and Structural Behaviour of RCC Chimney and its
Foundation under Wind and Earthquake Loading

IS 4998-1992 (Reaffirmed in 2003) - Analysis and Design Procedure

Staad input for Wind Load Application

Peak Factor Method (Simplified Method) - As per IS 875-1987 Part 3

Normal k2 factor to be used

Random Response Method for Shell Completed Case - Gust Factor 1

HMW speed to be used, k2 factor for HMW to be used

Frequency (Staad) for Shell completed case to be used

Random Response Method for Only Shell Case - Gust Factor 2

HMW speed to be used, k2 factor for HMW to be used

Frequency (Staad) for Only Shell case to be used

Three different staad files to be prepared with the above wind load, linearly

varied load application.

Dead Load to be applied according to the case:

1. Shell Only Case - Only Shell Self weight

2. Shell Completed case - Shell Weight+Staircase+Flue Weight+Platform Weight etc

 Research Topic:
Parametric Study and Structural Behaviour of RCC Chimney and its
Foundation under Wind and Earthquake Loading

IS 4998-1992 (Reaffirmed in 2003) - Analysis and Design Procedure

Along Wind Load Calculation - Simplified (Peak factor Method) - Shell Only

From Staad file, take DL+WL case with 1.0 factor - extract beam end forces.

From Staad file, take DL+WL case with 1.0 factor - extract Displacements

As per 4998-1992, Clause 5.3, Notes: Secondary effects due to deflection to be

calculated.

(Vertical load at node) * (Relative deflection at the node)

Actual Moment + Secondary moment = Final Bending Moment

Final Axial Force = Vertical Load

Shear Force = Shear Force

Final Bending Moment = Final Design Moment

Similarily, for the following cases also to be calculated Design Forces for

Along-Wind Responses

Along-Wind Load Calculation - Simplified (Peak factor Method) - Completed Shell

Along-Wind Load Calculation - Random Response (Gust factor Method) - Shell Only

Along-Wind Load Calculation - Random Response (Gust factor Method) - Completed Shell
 Research Topic:
Parametric Study and Structural Behaviour of RCC Chimney and its
Foundation under Wind and Earthquake Loading

IS 4998-1992 (Reaffirmed in 2003) - Analysis and Design Procedure

Across-Wind Load Calculation - Simplified (Peak factor Method) - Shell Only

Mode Shapes are from corresponding Staad file.

Net peak Deflection, Dimensionless mass damping parameter, Equivalent mass per

unit length - Calculation as per Clause number A-4.2 of 4998-1992.

Sectional force per unit length and moment shall be calculated as per A-4.2.1

Above or only across-wind load responses

Co existing along-wind loads to be calculated based on Vcr (A-4.3)

Use HMW - k2 bar value for Co existing along-wind loads

vb = Vcr/(k1*k2*k3) k2 = k2 bar at 2/3 height

VZ bar = Vb*k1*k2 bar*k3, for k2 bar at different heights

Resultant of reponses from across wind and co existing along-wind shall be as per

SRSS - Square Root of Sum of Squares

Similarily, for the following cases also to be calculated Design Forces for

Across-Wind Responses

Across-Wind Load Calculation - Simplified (Peak factor Method) - Completed Shell

Across-Wind Load Calculation - Random Response (Gust factor Method) - Shell Only

Across-Wind Load Calculation - Random Response (Gust factor Method) - Completed Shell
 Research Topic:
Parametric Study and Structural Behaviour of RCC Chimney and its
Foundation under Wind and Earthquake Loading

IS 4998-1992 (Reaffirmed in 2003) - Analysis and Design Procedure

Earthquake Load Calculation - Shell Only

From Staad file, take DL+EQ case with 1.0 factor - extract beam end forces.

From Staad file, take DL+EQ case with 1.0 factor - extract Displacements

As per 4998-1992, Clause 5.3, Notes: Secondary effects due to deflection to be

calculated.

(Vertical load at node) * (Relative deflection at the node)

Actual Moment + Secondary moment = Final Bending Moment

Final Axial Force = Vertical Load

Shear Force = Shear Force

Final Bending Moment = Final Design Moment

Similarily, for the following cases also to be calculated Design Forces for

Along-Wind Responses

Earthquake Load Calculation - Completed Shell Case

 Research Topic:
Parametric Study and Structural Behaviour of RCC Chimney and its
Foundation under Wind and Earthquake Loading

IS 4998-1992 (Reaffirmed in 2003) - Analysis and Design Procedure

 Research Topic:
Parametric Study and Structural Behaviour of RCC Chimney and its
Foundation under Wind and Earthquake Loading

IS 4998-1992 (Reaffirmed in 2003) - Analysis and Design Procedure