Chemistry Practical Viva

Radical : Charge species behaves as a single unit.

Q.2 What are acidic and basic radicals ?
Ans : Radicals having positive charge are called basic radicals(Pb2+,Cu2+,As3+) and those carrying
negative charge are called acidic radicals( Cl-, NO3-) .
Radical
Q.3 Name a coloured basic radical .
Cu2+
Q.3.Why do salt of fifth group ( Ba2+, Sr2+ ) impart coloour to flame.?
Ans: Excited electron emits energy in visible region.
Q.4. Which gas is evolved by the action of dil.acids on carbonates?
Ans : CO2
Q.5.What happens when CO2 is passed through lime water ?
Ans : Lime water (Ca(OH)2) turns milky due to formation of insoluble white CaCO3.The milky
colour disappear in excess of CO2 due to formation of water soluble calcium bicarbonate.
Q.6. Which gas is evolved by the action of NaBr with conc. H2SO4. B
Ans: Brown Br2 gas
Q.Why is it necessary to prepare sodium carbonate extract for wet test of anions ?
Ans: To convert water insoluble or less soluble salt into water soluble salt. ( Sodium salts are
highly soluble in water.)
Q.8.Why is lead placed in both, I and II groups ?
Ans : This is due to fact that lead is not completely precipitated in first group as PbCl2. A part of
it goes into the filtrate for II group and get precipitated as PbS.( The solubility product of PbCl2 is
quite high)
Q.9.Can the solution be acidified with HNO3 in place of HCl in II group before passing H2S
gas ?
No, HNO3 being Oxidising in nature,oxidizes H2S to colloidal sulphur.
Q.10.Ring test
Ans: It is used for NO3- .
NO3- + FeSO4 + Conc. H2SO4 [ Fe(H2O)5(NO)]SO4
Pentaaquanitrosoiron(III)sulphate
Q.11.Why is HCl added to the solution In II group before passing H2S?
Ans : To avoid the precipitation of IV group cation.
Q.12. Why is NH4Cl added first in IIIrd group ?
Ans: To prvent the precipitation of radicals other than III group as hydroxide by common ion
effect.
Q.13. Explain common ion effect.
 Ans: When in a weak electrolyte solution little amount of common ions is added , then the
ionization of weak electrolyte is further decreased.

H2S 2H+ + S2-

HCl H+ + Cl-
Q.14.Why is it essential to boil off H2S gas before precipitation of III group ?
Ans:If H2S would not be boiled off, IV group cations also get precipitated alongwith III group
radicals.
Q.Different names of titration.
Ans ; Volumetric analysis, Quantitative analysis
Q. Meaning of titration
Ans: The process in which strength of unknown solution is find out with the help of known
solution is known as titration.
Q.17. What is end point ?
Ans: The point in a titration at which the reaction just get completed is called end point.
Q.18.What is an indicator ?
Ans : The substance that change the colour when the reaction is over is known as indicator.
Eg.Phenolphthalein , KMnO4 as self indicator in mohr’s salt & oxalic acid titration.
Q.19 Define standard solution.
Ans : The solution whose strength is known is known as standard solution.
Q.20 Define one molal solution.
Ans: The solution in which one mole solute is present in one kg of solvent is known as one molal
solution.
Q.21.Why is dilute sulphuric acid added while preparing standard solution of mohr’s salt ?
Ans: To prevent the hydrolysis of mohr’s salt.
Q.Why FeSO4 is not taken in place of mohr’s salt in the titration of KMnO4 Vs Mohr’s salt?
Solution : FeSO4 is hygroscopic in nature.
Q.23. Why do we heat the solution to 60OC in case of oxalic acid vs. permanganate titration?
Ans: To increase the rate of reaction but above to 100oC oxalic acid decomposes into CO & CO2.
Q.24.Why the mohr salt solution is not heated in mohr’s salt vs. permanganate titration?
Ans:Ferrous ion is oxidized to ferric by oxygen of air ai higher temperature.
Q.25.If we add some water in the conical flask containing calculated amount of standard solution
.Is the titration spoiled?
Ans: No because no. of moles of sample are same.
Q.Types of titration
Ans : Redox titration (mohr’s salt vs. permanganate titration)
Acid base titration (Oxalic acid vs.NaOH titration)
Q. What is the molality of water?
Ans : 55.5 ie. One 1 kg water contains 55.5 moles of water.
Dilution law : M1V1 = M2V2
Q. How much water should be added in 200 ml of 0.5 M solution to prepare 0.2 M solution ?
Ans : M1V1 = M2V2
0.5 x 200 = 0.2 x V2
V2 = 500 ml ie. Amount of added water = 500 - 200 = 300 ml
Acid radicals detected by Dil H2SO4:- CO32-,S2-,NO2-.SO32-

Cation group Cation Group reagent Nature of ppt

I Pb2+,Ag+ Dil.HCl Metal chloride

II Pb2+,Cu2+,As3+ Dil.HCl + H2S Metal sulphide

III Al3+,Fe3+ Solid NH4Cl + NH4OH Metal hydroxide

IV Ni2+,Zn2+ H2S + NH4OH Metal sulphide

V Ba2+,Ca2+,Sr2+ (NH4)2CO3 + NH4OH Metal Carbonate

VI Na+,K+ -
+
0 NH4 -

Acid radicals detected byconc. H2SO4:- Cl-,( white fumes of HCl) Br-,NO3-, ( brown fumes of Br2
& NO2)CH3 COO-
Importance of HCl in II group :- It decreases the concentration of S2- by common ion effect.In II
group Solubility product of metal sulphide is low while in IV group solubility product of metal
sulphide is high.
Importantance of preliminary test : Gives an idea about presence of selective ions in the provided
salt.
Acid radicals detected by Dil H2SO4:- CO32-,S2-,NO2-.SO32-
Acid radicals detected byconc. H2SO4:- Cl-,( white fumes of HCl) Br-,NO3-, ( brown fumes of Br2
& NO2)CH3 COO-
Nesselar Reagent :- K2[HgI4] used for the test +NH4 of ion.
Tollen’s reagent : [Ag(NH3)2]OH Ammonical silver nitrate used for test of aldehyde.
Fehling solution B :- Sodium potassium tartarate
Mohr’s salt : FeSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H20 Ferrous ammonium sulphate (a double salt)
Oxalic acid = HOOC-COOH.2H2O Molar mass =126 u
Molarity = gmole of solute/ volu.of solu.in lit.
Molality = gmole of solute/ wt. of solvent in kg
Strength = Molarity x molar mass unit g/l
Calculation :
Milli equivalent of mohr’s salt = Milli equivalent of KMnO4
M1V1/ n1 = M2V2/n2
n= no.of moles in balance equation
Test of chloride ion Cl- :
aq.Cl- + aq.AgNO3→ AgCl↓ + aq NO3-
White ppt soluble in ammonia solution
Test of NO3- :
Ring test :- Aq. NO3- + FeSO4 + 5 H2O → [ Fe(H2O)5(NO)] SO4
Brown ring
Test of sulphate ion SO42-: aq. SO42- + BaCl2 → BaSO4↓ + 2Cl-
White ppt
Test of acetate ion CH3 COO- : -
Water extract + Neutral FeCl3 solution → Blood red colour
Test of ammonium ion +NH4 :
Salt + conc. NaOH + Nesselar reagent + Warm→Brown solution
Test of lead ion Pb2+ :-
aq. Pb2+ + aq.KI → PbI2 + 2K+
Yellow
Test of Cu :Aq Cu + 4 NH3 → [Cu(NH3)4]2+
2+ 2+

Deep blue
Iodoform test CH3-CO- Or CH3CHOH- + NaOH + I2 → CHI3
From ald/ketone (yellow iodoform )