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Standardization &
Field testing procedure
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Standards Used To Test Fiber Installation
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ISO 11801 standard
Mainly to be used during OF sub-system testing
ITU-G652
ITU-G652d fibres
The breakthrough of DWDM (dense wavelength division
multiplexing) technology has changed the fibre market.
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ITU-G652
ITU-G652
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ITU-G652
Cable (Fibre)
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Calculating Loss Limits
EXAMPLE: Fiber Optic Link
Patch Cord
Field installed con. Patch Cord
MM 300m OM3
MM 300m OM3
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Fiber Loss Measurement
Use of Reference quality connectors
Consequences on the Link loss budget
One-cord method
MM fibres Limit (dB)
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Calculating Loss Limits with reference cords
EXAMPLE: Fiber Optic Link
Patch Cord
Field installed con. Patch Cord
MM 300m OM3
MM 300m OM3
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Main OF link configurations
Fiber Optic Link
Patch Cord Patch Cord
Field installed con.
SM 1500 m OS1
Fiber Optic Link
Patch Cord Patch Cord
Pigtail splicing X X
SM 500 m OS2
Fiber Optic Link
Patch Cord Patch Cord
MPO cassettes
MM 300 m OM4
Fiber Optic Link
MPO/LC or SC
MPO cassette + Fan-out/ Patch Cord splitter Cord
Pre-Term with fan-out
MM 50 m OM3
Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links
N e x a n s C a b l i n g S o l u t i o n s 22
Standards inter-relationship
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ISO14763-3 versus ISO 61280-4-1
Scope
Specifies systems and methods for the inspection and testing of optical
fibre cabling designed in accordance with ISO/IEC 11801
Methods
LSPM / One-cord reference method
LSPM / Two-cord reference method
LSPM / Three-cord reference method
Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) method
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Fiber Loss Measurement
LSPM procedure: One-cord method
Source Detector
Adapter Adapter
Source Detector
Adapter Adapter
Not to be disconnected after reference setup
2. Measure loss – The Difference: Link only (Connectors
attenuation not included)
Fiber Optic
Launch Link-under-test Receive
Cord Cord
Source Detector
Adapter Adapter
Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links
N e x a n s C a b l i n g S o l u t i o n s 29
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Fiber Loss Measurement
LSPM procedure: Two-cord method / Setup 1
1. Set the reference level: Launch Receive
Cord Cord
Source Detector
Source Detector
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OPTICAL FIBRE TESTING TOOLS
Agenda
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dB value
Attenuation in dB = 10 x log 10(Pout /Pin)
Attenuation (dB) Remaining Power (%) Lost Power (%)
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Why inspect and clean fibres?
Example 1
ISO 11801 NCS
Link component Quantity Limit Loss Limit Loss
Fibre (850nm) 100m 3.5dB/km 0.35dB 3.2dB/km 0.32dB
Fibre end
2 pieces 0.75dB 1.5dB 0.5dB 1.0dB
connections
Total loss 1.85dB 1.32dB
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Why inspect and clean fibres?
A few tenths of dB can make the difference between a pass and a fail.
All pigtails and cords including MPO connectors shall be inspected and
cleaned if necessary before the first mating.
Agenda
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Health & Safety requirements
Optical LASER transmission signals can be very dangerous to eyes and can
cause significant injury if high power levels are present.
Agenda
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Inspection procedure
Magnification
MM Fibres: x200
SM Fibres: x400
Fibre Scopes
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Triple-Mode Illumination with new
Microscope
Coaxial illumination
Oblique illumination
Core illumination
The light from the inbuilt LED visible source is injected into the
patch cord. The fibre core area can be clearly shown on the
screen.
Inspection procedure
SC, LC ou ST MPO
Inspection procedure
1. Identify the location of each zone on the fiber end face.
2. Look for any contaminant or scratch and in which zone is it located.
3. Analyze the damage to define if the connector has to be replaced.
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Inspection procedure
Inspection procedure
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Inspection procedure
Inspection procedure
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Inspection procedure
Note
On the zone B permanent damage located near the core (Zone A) are unacceptable.
If they are located in zone B but adjacent to the zone C, they can be acceptable so
long their number and severity are limited.
Agenda
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Cleaning procedure
General recommandations
Important note
First Both connectors to be mated
inspection together AND their coupling
adaptor must be inspected
YES
Clean? Connect
NO
Dry
cleaning
Second
inspection
YES
Clean? Connect
NO
Wet + Dry
cleaning
Third / Next
inspection
YES
Clean? Connect
NO
Removable
Contaminants
Issue?
Permanent defects
(Pits & scratches)
Repair escalation
process
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Cleaning procedure
Dry cleaning
If cleaning is required, dry cleaning methods are to be used first due to
possibilities of residue when using alcohol based products.
Cleaning procedure
• Using lint free wipe gently wipes the ferrule tip in the central portion
of the wipe with a motion from top to bottom.
• For MPO connectors the use of specific cleaning tools is required.
• Cassettes: Clean perpendicularly to the fibres and do not reverse
cleaning direction.
• Be careful not to contaminate the cleaning area of the wipe with
your hands. Do not place the wipe on a dirty surface.
• Do not reuse wipes or at least the same area of the wipe to avoid
cross-contamination or scratches (caused by the contaminated wipe)
being introduced.
• Cleaning tools are delivered with a removable guide cap in order to
clean both accessible and non-accessible (that can’t be removed
from the adaptor) connectors end-faces.
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Cleaning procedure
http://www.microcare.com/pc-31-11-bigblast-
canned-air.aspx
Swabs
Compressed air duster Useful to clean couplers and optical ports
Can be useful to blow the contaminants out Guidelines
of the coupler Gently press against the end-face and turn
Use with great care clockwise - Never reverse the motion -
• Risk to just move the dust inside the coupler Continue to turn clockwise while slowly pulling
• Can cause liquid contamination the swap out of the adaptor.
Cleaning procedure
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Cleaning procedure
Cleaning procedure
• Contaminants can be pushed on the side by the tool. In this case the
dirt present on the red hatched areas will prevent the mated
connectors to have a close contact and the performances will be
affected!
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Cleaning procedure
• The cleaning has to be performed perpendicularly to the fibre row but never from side to
side to avoid the contaminants to be rubbed over all the fibres and so cause permanent
damages.
• MPO cord: Apply cleaning fluid on a lint free wipe or on the MPO cassette cleaning tool
and clean the complete end face including the red areas.
• The alignment pins can be cleaned using a 2.5mm swab (Wet + dry)
• MPO cassette: First try to blow the contaminants out of the coupler using a compressed
gas/air duster
• If so, the holes of the mated connector have to be cleaned as well to avoid another
contamination
Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links
N e x a n s C a b l i n g S o l u t i o n s 72
Cleaning procedure
Step 3
Turn the wheel backwards
until ‘’Click’’
2 times
Step 1
Remove the Guide Cap
Step 3
Turn the wheel backwards
Step 2 until ‘’Click’’
Insert the MPO 2 times
into the guide cap
Step 2
Insert the nozzle of the tool
Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links
into the MPO coupler
N e x a n s C a b l i n g S o l u t i o n s 73
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Cleaning procedure
Example of brush:
• Central wire: =0,4 mm
• Brush: =1,9 mm
Cleaning procedure
Wet area of
the wipe
Apply the solvent to damp the wipe Wipe the MPO from the wet to the dry area of the wipe.
(or use of a solvent impregnated pen) Do not reverse motion direction.
Wet area of
the wipe
Apply the solvent to damp the wipe Damp the cleaning tool onto the wet area of the wipe
Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links
(or use of a solvent impregnated pen)
N e x a n s C a b l i n g S o l u t i o n s 75
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NEXANS FIELD TESTING
PROCEDURE
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NCS OF field testing procedure evolution
Correct specification of the launch conditions of the MM source
Encircled Flux specifies the distribution of light power in the fibre core
EF has to be met at the end of the test reference cord
EF corresponds to the ratio between the transmitted power at a given radius of the
fiber core and the total injected power
Use of Encricled Flux compatible test heads together with associated test
reference cords
Alternatively Use of mandrels
Mode filter to reduce measurement inaccuracies
Achieve steady-state conditions
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Fiber Loss Measurement
NCS LSPM Reference procedure : One cord method
2. Test cords measurement / verification
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Fiber Loss Measurement
NCS LSPM Reference procedure : One cord method
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Fiber Loss Measurement
NCS LSPM Aternative procedure: Two-cord method – Setup 2
With different type of connectors for the source and the link
1. Set the reference level:
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Fiber Loss Measurement
NCS LSPM Aternative procedure: Two-cord method – Setup 2
With different type of connectors for the source and the link
3. Measure the remaining power at the
end of the link using a second cord:
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OTDR
Launch and Tail cord length 50 – 100 m 50 – 300 m 200 - 500 m 500 – 1000 m
Index matching gel between end faces of connectors shall not be used
Use ISO11801 limits with standard test cord
Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links
N e x a n s C a b l i n g S o l u t i o n s 89
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Fiber Loss Measurement
OTDR procedure as per IEC 14763-3: Use of Launch AND Tail cords
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NCS OF field testing procedure evolution
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NCS OF field testing procedure evolution
OTDR loss measurement with high reflection connectors or short length link
Only overall measurement of the link loss is possible
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NCS OF field testing procedure evolution
OTDR loss measurement with high reflection connectors and resulting ghost
Ghost identification: Distance between two events is duplicated
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Fiber Loss Measurement
OTDR procedure as per IEC 14763-3
Uni- versus bi-directional measurement
For long haul WAN OF link (SM fibres) and/or if splices showing a gain are
discovered during LAN OF links testing, bi-directional measurement is requested.
The result is the mean of the two graphics (calculated by the OTDR).
Agenda
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Summary
1. Always inspect all FO connectors and clean them if dirty prior to any mating
2. Use good and clean testing cords
3. All connectors and couplers from the link shall be perfectly clean
4. LSPM: Mandatory use mandrels or encircled flux compatible test heads or
accessory
5. Measurement to be performed according to manufacturer testing procedure
6. Maintenance and yearly calibration of the testing equipment is important
7. Set the testing equipment (LSPM ou OTDR) with the index of refraction figures
provided by the manufacturer
Thank you
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