11 - Fibre Testing - V2 - 32 PDF

Fibre Testing
Standardization &
Field testing procedure
Nexans Cabling Solutions 1
OPTICAL FIBRE CABLING &

TESTING STANDARDS
Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links

N e x a n s C a b l i n g S o l u t i o n s 7
1
Standards Used To Test Fiber Installation
 LAN Application Standards  Design Limits
 Limits for particular applications over the installed fiber

 Test limits are fixed for each application
 Examples: 10BASE-FL, Token Ring, 100BASE-FX, 1000BASE-
SX, 1000BASE-LX, ATM, Fibre Channel
 Cabling System standards  Testing Limits

 Limits for installed fiber regardless of application
 Limit is variable, based on cable length, adapters, splices
 Examples: ISO11801, EN50173, TIA/EIA 568B

LAN Application Standards: IEEE
Provide length limits for OF links:

To be used during OF sub-system design

2
ISO 11801 standard
Mainly to be used during OF sub-system testing
Use of G652d fibre

necessary (Low
water peak)

ITU-G652
ITU-G652d fibres
The breakthrough of DWDM (dense wavelength division
multiplexing) technology has changed the fibre market.
Use of large number of channels imposes new requirements on

fibre quality:
 The so-called extended band (E-band) in the wavelength window
between 1360 nm and 1460 nm has to be made available for multi-
channel communications
 To enable this, the water peak at 1385 nm has to be reduced below
the level of highest attenuation in the second transmission window
(1270 nm to 1330 nm)

3
ITU-G652
 The G652a SM fibre is the standard version working at

1300 and 1550nm
 The G652b version has got a better PMD (Low
Polarization Mode Dispersion)- max. 0,2 ps/√km instead
of 0,5 ps/√km)  fibre (OS1)
 The G652c has got a better attenuation at 1383nm
(Water/OH peak) to use the E band (DWDM)
 The G652d version has got both advantages of the b and
c versions: low PMD and Low water peak making it the
best fibre of the G652 range  LANmark-OF SM OS2
fibres
ITU-G652

4
ITU-G652

IS0 11801 Standard
 Cable (Fibre)
 Maximum MM fiber loss per km (at 850 nm) 3.5 dB

 Maximum MM fiber loss per km (at 1300 nm) 1.5 dB
 Maximum SM fiber loss per km (at 1310 nm) 1.0/0.4 dB
 Maximum SM fiber loss per km (at 1550 nm) 1.0/0.4 dB
 Connections (ST, SC, LC, MPO or MT-RJ connectors)
 Maximum adapter loss: 0.75 dB
 Maximum splice loss: 0.3 dB

5
Calculating Loss Limits
EXAMPLE: Fiber Optic Link
Patch Cord
Field installed con. Patch Cord
MM 300m OM3
MM fibre at 850 nm Limit per item Qty Loss

Fiber loss: 3.5dB/km 0.3km 1.05dB
Loss from extra adapters: 0.75 dB 2 1.50dB
Loss from MPO connections: 0.75 dB 0 0
Loss from splices: 0.3 dB 0 0
Total: 2.55 dB

Calculating Loss Limits

Patch Cord
MM 300m OM3
MM fibre at 1300 /1310nm Limit per item Qty Loss

Loss from extra adapters: 0.75 dB 2 1.50dB
Loss from splices: 0.3 0 0
Total: 1.95 dB

6
Fiber Loss Measurement
Use of Reference quality connectors
 Consequences on the Link loss budget
ISO14763-3: OF test leads (cords) shall be terminated with 'reference

quality' connectors to ensure accurate results.
Multimode fibres Singlemode fibres

Mated Insertion
Loss Reference Random Reference Random
plug plug plug plug
Reference plug 0,1 dB 0,3 dB 0,2 dB 0,5 dB
Random plug 0,3 dB 0,75 dB 0,5dB 0,75 dB


Acceptable link loss calculation with ref. Connectors
One-cord method
MM fibres Limit (dB)
0.6 dB* + Σ (Cable attenuation) + Σ (embedded connection attenuation)
(*): 0.6 dB = 2 x 0.3 dB

Two ref. to random connections
SM fibres Limit (dB)
1.0 dB* + Σ(Cable attenuation) +Σ (embedded connection attenuation)
(*): 1.0 dB = 2 x 0.5 dB

Two ref. to random connections

7
Calculating Loss Limits with reference cords
Patch Cord
MM 300m OM3
MM fibre at 850 nm Limit per item Qty Loss

Loss from extra adapters: 0.3 dB 2 0.6 dB
Loss from splices: 0.3 dB 0 0
Total: 1.65 dB

Calculating Loss Limits using reference cords

Patch Cord
MM 300m OM3
MM fibre at 1300 /1310nm Limit per item Qty Loss

Loss from extra adapters: 0.3 dB 2 0.6 dB
Loss from splices: 0.3 0 0
Total: 1.05 dB

8
Main OF link configurations
Fiber Optic Link
Patch Cord Patch Cord
Field installed con.
SM 1500 m OS1
Fiber Optic Link
Pigtail splicing X X
SM 500 m OS2
Fiber Optic Link
MPO cassettes
MM 300 m OM4
Fiber Optic Link
MPO/LC or SC
MPO cassette + Fan-out/ Patch Cord splitter Cord
Pre-Term with fan-out
MM 50 m OM3
Standards inter-relationship
Derived from IEC 61280-4 and adapted

specifically in support of ISO/IEC 11801

9
ISO14763-3 versus ISO 61280-4-1
Scope
Specifies systems and methods for the inspection and testing of optical
fibre cabling designed in accordance with ISO/IEC 11801
Methods
 LSPM / One-cord reference method
 LSPM / Two-cord reference method
 LSPM / Three-cord reference method
 Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) method


LSPM procedure: One-cord method
1. Set the reference level:
Launch Cord
Source Detector
Not to be disconnected after reference setup
2. Test cords verification: to be recorded - at least twice a day
Result shall be
< 0.15dB (MM Ref. grade cords) Receive
Launch
< 0.25dB (SM Ref. grade cords) Cord Cord
< 0.5dB (Nexans cords)
Source Detector

10
LSPM procedure: One-cord method
3. Measure loss – The Difference: Link plus two connections

Fiber Optic
Launch Link-under-test Receive
Cord Cord
Source Detector
Adapter Adapter


LSPM procedure: Three-cord method
Launch Receive
Cord Substitution Cord
Cord
Source Detector
Adapter Adapter
2. Measure loss – The Difference: Link only (Connectors
attenuation not included)
Fiber Optic
Launch Link-under-test Receive
Cord Cord
Source Detector
Adapter Adapter
11
LSPM procedure: Two-cord method / Setup 1
1. Set the reference level: Launch Receive
Cord Cord
Source Detector

2. Measure loss – Link + 1 connection only
Launch Receive
Cord Cord
Source Detector


LSPM procedure: Two-cord method – Setup 2
Launch Receive
SC Cord LC Cord
SC
Source Detector

2. Measure loss –Link + 2 connections
Launch Receive
Cord Cord
SC LC LC LC SC
Source Detector
Additional
Cord

12
OPTICAL FIBRE TESTING TOOLS

Agenda
Inspection and cleaning of OF connectors: Why?

Health and Safety requirements
Inspection procedure
Cleaning procedure
Testing procedure
Summary

13
dB value
Attenuation in dB = 10 x log 10(Pout /Pin)
Attenuation (dB) Remaining Power (%) Lost Power (%)
0,05 98,9% 1,1%

0,1 98% 2%
0,2 95% 5%
0,3 93% 7%
0,4 91% 9%
0,5 89% 11%
0,75 84% 16%
1 79% 21%
2 63% 37%
3 50% 50%
5 32% 68%
6 25% 75%
7 20% 80%
10 10% 90%
15 3,2% 96,8%
20 1,0% 99,0%
30 0,1% 99,9%
Why inspect and clean fibres?
Max. attenuation values: ISO11801> Manufacturer

ISO 11801 NCS
Cable
Limit Typical loss
Max. MM fibre loss per km (At 850nm) 3.5dB < 3.0dB
Max. MM fibre loss per km (At 1300nm) 1.5dB < 1.2dB
Max. SM fibre loss per km (At 1310nm) 1.0dB < 0.4dB
Max. SM fibre loss per km (At 1550nm) 1.0dB < 0.28dB
Connections ISO 11801 NCS

(ST, SC, LC, MPO or MT-RJ) Limit Typical loss
Max. adapter (Connection) loss 0.75dB < 0.4dB
Max. Splice loss 0.3dB < 0.1dB

14
The 2 connectors contribute to 70% - 80% of the total link loss

Limits calculated from manufacturer warranted losses are tighter than the
ones from the ISO11801
Example 1
ISO 11801 NCS
Link component Quantity Limit Loss Limit Loss
Fibre (850nm) 100m 3.5dB/km 0.35dB 3.2dB/km 0.32dB
Fibre end
2 pieces 0.75dB 1.5dB 0.5dB 1.0dB
connections
Total loss 1.85dB 1.32dB
Example 2 ISO 11801 NCS (Low loss)

Link component Quantity Limit Loss Limit Loss
Fibre (850nm) 100m 3.5dB/km 0.35dB 3.2dB/km 0.32dB
Fibre end
connections
MPO
connections
Total loss 3.35dB 1.52dB
Dirt is the main cause of trouble in optical networking.

Consequences
- high insertion loss
- significant back reflection (Low return loss)
 The signal transmission is affected.
Moreover, particles mated into the fibre connection can also permanently
damage the mated polished ends of the fibres as they are pressed
against each other.
Connector ferrules shall always be protected by a protective cap

when not in use.
 It will protect the end of the connector’s ferrule from impact that
can damage the polished surface
 The cap doesn’t guarantee the cleanliness of the fibre end face
even on new product
15
A few tenths of dB can make the difference between a pass and a fail.
The quality of the fibre connections is critical to obtain accurate

measurements and good performance.
All pigtails and cords including MPO connectors shall be inspected and
cleaned if necessary before the first mating.
An experienced and trained operator equipped with the right inspection,

cleaning and testing tools (including good test cords) is required to avoid
measurement errors at the commissioning stage.
New standard: IEC 62627 – Fibre optic connector cleaning methods

Nexans recommendations are in line with the IEC 62627 requirements

Agenda

Summary

16
Health & Safety requirements
Health & Safety requirements

Working with optical equipment without taking proper health and safety
precautions may result in personnel injury or damage to the equipment.
Optical LASER transmission signals can be very dangerous to eyes and can
cause significant injury if high power levels are present.
Before looking into a fibre

•Always ensure that the system lasers are ‘Off’.
•If the above can’t be confirmed, first check the connector with a power meter.
•Always use filtered inspection microscope / magnifiers to inspect fibre
connectors.

Agenda

Summary

17
Inspection procedure
There are two main categories of fiber inspection microscopes

Handheld fiberscope Video fiberscope
Magnification
MM Fibres: x200
SM Fibres: x400

Fibre Scopes
 Fiber scopes are used to inspect

the ends of connectorized fibers
for polish and cleanliness.
 Video microscope – can be

requested to certify FO link
 Cleaning and visual inspection

with a fiber scope are often the
first steps in trouble-shooting.
 Magnification: x100 for MMF &

x200 for SMF

18
Triple-Mode Illumination with new
Microscope
Coaxial illumination
Coaxial illumination maximizes the details.
Enhance visibility of fine scratches and contamination
Oblique illumination
The light from the LED hits the end-face at an angle.
Highlights the core
Enhances visibility surface debris or contamination.
Core illumination
The light from the inbuilt LED visible source is injected into the
patch cord. The fibre core area can be clearly shown on the
screen.

Connector end-faces grading process

Ferrule zone (C)
Zone B
Cladding zone (B) Zone A Zone C
Core zone (A)
MPO connector (12 FO)

Singlemode fibre Multimode fibre
SC, LC ou ST MPO
1. Identify the location of each zone on the fiber end face.
2. Look for any contaminant or scratch and in which zone is it located.
3. Analyze the damage to define if the connector has to be replaced.

19
Grading of the FO end-faces
1. Zone A: Shall be completely free of any contaminant and damage

Core zone where the light travels - Critical
2. Zone B: Shall be free of any contaminant.

Scratches or other permanent damage, if present, are only acceptable
if located on the interface with zone C.
The cladding the outer part of the fibre that reflects the light to maintain it
into the core.
3. Zone C: Shall be free of any contaminant

The surface of the tip of the connector in which the fibre is maintained


Contaminants and permanent damages
1. Dust, alcohol, finger grease or mineral oil, plastic or metallic particles

are loose contaminants and can be removed using the proper
cleaning procedure
2. Scratches, cracks, pits or fixed contamination such as embedded

particles resulting from the mating of dirty connectors are regarded as
permanent damage.
Cleaning will not remove permanent damage. The connector need to
be replaced.
1. Dirt present on one connector will also be transferred to any other

one mated with the dirty one and the dirt can also permanently
damage the polished end-faces of the fibre connectors .
20

Perfect Multimode fibre Perfect Singlemode fibre
Alcohol residue contamination Liquid contamination


Dust ring from mating
Dust contamination contamination on MPO connector
Dust contamination (MPO) Alcohol residue (MPO)

21

Permanent defects
Pits on core + cladding Scratch on core + cladding
Note
On the zone B permanent damage located near the core (Zone A) are unacceptable.
If they are located in zone B but adjacent to the zone C, they can be acceptable so
long their number and severity are limited.

Agenda

Summary

22
Cleaning procedure
General recommandations
Connectors shall always be inspected first as it can reveal that the

connector doesn’t need cleaning
If a connector when removed from a coupler (adaptor) is dirty, it indicates

that the mating connector is also contaminated. As a consequence, both
connectors and the coupler must be cleaned and re-inspected before re-
mating the connectors together.

Inspection & Cleaning process

Start
Important note
First Both connectors to be mated
inspection together AND their coupling
adaptor must be inspected
YES
Clean? Connect
NO
Dry
cleaning
Second
inspection
YES
Clean? Connect
NO
Wet + Dry
cleaning
Third / Next
inspection
YES
Clean? Connect
NO
Removable
Contaminants
Issue?
Permanent defects
(Pits & scratches)
Repair escalation
process

N e x a n s C a b l i n END
g S o l u t i o n s 64
23
Cleaning procedure
Dry cleaning
If cleaning is required, dry cleaning methods are to be used first due to
possibilities of residue when using alcohol based products.
Dry cleaning is an efficient method to remove dusts and finger grease

but is not always sufficient to completely remove all contaminants.
Lint-free paper LANmark-OF MPO cassette LANmark-OF cleaning tool

N102.224 cleaning tool SC/FC/ST: N890.121
N890.125 LC/MU: N890.122
MPO: N890.120
Cleaning procedure
Dry cleaning: Recommandations
• Using lint free wipe gently wipes the ferrule tip in the central portion
of the wipe with a motion from top to bottom.
• For MPO connectors the use of specific cleaning tools is required.
• Cassettes: Clean perpendicularly to the fibres and do not reverse
cleaning direction.
• Be careful not to contaminate the cleaning area of the wipe with
your hands. Do not place the wipe on a dirty surface.
• Do not reuse wipes or at least the same area of the wipe to avoid
cross-contamination or scratches (caused by the contaminated wipe)
being introduced.
• Cleaning tools are delivered with a removable guide cap in order to
clean both accessible and non-accessible (that can’t be removed
from the adaptor) connectors end-faces.

24
Cleaning procedure
Dry cleaning: additional material
http://www.microcare.com/pc-31-11-bigblast-
canned-air.aspx
Swabs
Compressed air duster Useful to clean couplers and optical ports
Can be useful to blow the contaminants out Guidelines
of the coupler Gently press against the end-face and turn
Use with great care clockwise - Never reverse the motion -
• Risk to just move the dust inside the coupler Continue to turn clockwise while slowly pulling
• Can cause liquid contamination the swap out of the adaptor.

Cleaning procedure
Wet + Dry cleaning

If the connector is still contaminated after the first cleaning (Dry only) a second
cleaning (Wet + Dry) is required to clean the connector.
This will define if the defects are loose or permanent.
As soon as permanent damage is detected, the connector has to be replaced.
The Wet + Dry method requires two steps:
• Clean the side and the tip of the ferrule using a lightly moistened wipe/swab
• Always dry any remaining residue using a dry wipe/swap
Dry wipes and swabs can be used together with alcohol (IPA) or specialized solvent.
New specialized chemicals have been developed.
They are offering
• Better evaporation rate
• Better results to dissolve contaminants
• Nonflammable, Nonhazardous (can be shipped, even by air, without hassles)

25
Cleaning procedure
Wet + Dry cleaning: Recommandations

Nexans recommend the use of specialized OF cleaning fluid and wipes.
Available from OF specialized distributors
http://www.sticklerscleaners.com/default.aspx
Do not over-saturate the wipe /swab.

Cleaning procedure
MPO connector cleaning

• For MPO connectors the use of specific cleaning tools is required.
• But it may be possible that you will not get the expected result
because the extreme sides of the MPO connector end face can’t be
reached by the tool due to the presence of the alignment pins.
Areas not cleaned by the tool
Manual Cleaning direction

(one or the other)
• Contaminants can be pushed on the side by the tool. In this case the
dirt present on the red hatched areas will prevent the mated
connectors to have a close contact and the performances will be
affected!

26
Cleaning procedure
MPO connector manual cleaning recommendations

Areas not cleaned by the tool
Manual Cleaning direction

(one or the other)
• The cleaning has to be performed perpendicularly to the fibre row but never from side to
side to avoid the contaminants to be rubbed over all the fibres and so cause permanent
damages.
• MPO cord: Apply cleaning fluid on a lint free wipe or on the MPO cassette cleaning tool
and clean the complete end face including the red areas.
• The alignment pins can be cleaned using a 2.5mm swab (Wet + dry)
• MPO cassette: First try to blow the contaminants out of the coupler using a compressed
gas/air duster
• If so, the holes of the mated connector have to be cleaned as well to avoid another
contamination
Cleaning procedure
MPO smart cleaning tool -

Cleaning wheel
N890.120 Guide Cap cover

Guide Cap
Nozzle
Accessible connector Dry cleaning
Non directly accessible

connector Dry cleaning
Step 1
Pull out the Guide Cap cover
Step 3
Turn the wheel backwards
until ‘’Click’’
2 times
Step 1
Remove the Guide Cap
Step 3
Turn the wheel backwards
Step 2 until ‘’Click’’
Insert the MPO 2 times
into the guide cap
Step 2
Insert the nozzle of the tool
into the MPO coupler
27
Cleaning procedure
MPO connector manual cleaning recommendations
Example of brush:
• Central wire: =0,4 mm
• Brush: =1,9 mm

Cleaning procedure
Wet + Dry cleaning (Accessible & Non directly accessible connector)

Applicable method using NCS cassettes and cleaning tools
apply alcohol or cleaning solvent onto a clean wipe first
Wet area of
the wipe
Apply the solvent to damp the wipe Wipe the MPO from the wet to the dry area of the wipe.
(or use of a solvent impregnated pen) Do not reverse motion direction.
Wet area of
the wipe
Apply the solvent to damp the wipe Damp the cleaning tool onto the wet area of the wipe
(or use of a solvent impregnated pen)
28
NEXANS FIELD TESTING
PROCEDURE

OF links testing recommendations

Important recommendations
 The yearly calibration of the tester is mandatory
 Inspect and clean ALL OF connections
 Test equipement: LSPM or OTDR
 Use of the correct procedure and tester settings (LSPM and OTDR testing)
 LSPM: Mandatory use mandrels or Encircled Flux compatible test heads or external
launch conditionner
 Do not use Bend Insensitive (BIMMF) cord as test cords
(Not suitable as a standard mandel will not strip the high order modes resulting in pessimistic loss)
 Reference + Test cord verification (To be recorded) at least twice a day

 Replace testing cords when measurement fail
 Testing to be performed at both wavelengths
 850 nm & 1.300 nm for MM fibres
 1310 nm & 1.550 nm for SM fibres
29
NCS OF field testing procedure evolution
Correct specification of the launch conditions of the MM source
Encircled Flux specifies the distribution of light power in the fibre core
EF has to be met at the end of the test reference cord
EF corresponds to the ratio between the transmitted power at a given radius of the
fiber core and the total injected power
 Use of Encricled Flux compatible test heads together with associated test
reference cords
 Alternatively  Use of mandrels
 Mode filter to reduce measurement inaccuracies
 Achieve steady-state conditions


NCS LSPM Reference procedure : One cord method
1. Set the reference level using one cord:
Mandrel or EF compatible source

Example: Reference level = -20 dBm

30
2. Test cords measurement / verification
Result shall be The test shall be recorded

 < 0.15 dB (Reference grade cords) Reference and test cord measurement
 < 0.5 dB (Nexans cords) to be repeated at least twice a day


3. Measure the remaining power at the
end of the link using a second cord:
Example of measurement = -23 dBm
3. The difference isModule

the11link loss (3 dB in this example)
Testing Optical Fibre Links
31


Automated wizard from test equipment vendor

32
NCS LSPM Aternative procedure: Two-cord method – Setup 2
With different type of connectors for the source and the link


2. Test cords measurement / verification
Result shall be The test shall be recorded

 < 0.15 dB (Reference grade cords) Reference and test cord measurement
 < 0.5 dB (Nexans cords) to be repeated at least twice a day

33
With different type of connectors for the source and the link
3. Measure the remaining power at the
end of the link using a second cord:

LSPM testing methods summary

 Default (RTM): One-cord method
 Alternative (ATM): Two-cord method / Setup 2
 To be used if different connectors on tester and OF link
 Other methods are not accepted as they don’t provide the total loss of the
link (Fibre + both end connections)
 ISO11801 limits using standard cords

34
OTDR

OTDR testing method
 Requires a launch test cord and a tail test cord

 Fibre of the cords shall be of the same nominal characteristics as
the fibre under test.
 Test cord shall be longer than the dead zone of the OTDR
MM Fibre link MM Fibre link SM Fibre link SM Fibre link
length < 300m length > 300m length < 500m length > 500m
Launch and Tail cord length 50 – 100 m 50 – 300 m 200 - 500 m 500 – 1000 m
Maximum Pulse width 5 ns 10 ns 10 ns 20 ns
Range 1000 m 2000 – 3000 m 2000 m 3000 – 5000 m
 Index matching gel between end faces of connectors shall not be used
 Use ISO11801 limits with standard test cord
35
OTDR procedure as per IEC 14763-3: Use of Launch AND Tail cords
Graphs from EN 61280-4-1

OTDR testing method
 Requires a launch test cord and a tail test cord

 Fibre of the cords shall be of the same nominal characteristics as the
fibre under test.
 Test cord shall be longer than the dead zone of the OTDR
• 50 to 300m for MM fibres test cords
• 200 to 1.000m for SM fibres test cords
 Index matching gel between end faces of connectors shall not be used
 If testing performed using standard cords
ISO11801 limits have to be selected
 If testing is performed using Reference test cords
 ISO14763-3 limits have to be selected

36
OTDR definition of the measurement power levels

5 cursors method – C1, C2, C3 and C4 are cursors for linear regression definition
Also called LSA (Least square approximation)
Graph from EN 61280-4-1

OTDR splice loss measurement

37
OTDR connector loss measurement

OTDR loss measurement with high reflection connectors or short length link
Only overall measurement of the link loss is possible

38
OTDR loss measurement with high reflection connectors and resulting ghost
Ghost identification: Distance between two events is duplicated

OTDR bidirectional measurement

To cancel inaccuracy in component loss measurement due to the use of cords having different characteristics
than the link under test
Launch and tail cords must be kept in their initial measurement position to ensure that identical OF are mated
so that the effect of different backscattering characteristics are cancelled out

39
OTDR procedure as per IEC 14763-3
Uni- versus bi-directional measurement
For both MM and SM fibres in LAN premises, OTDR link measurement

can be done in one direction only IF
 Both Launch and Tail cords are made from the same fibre
 Fibre links are built with NCS fibre only (No mix of fibre into the same link – No
complex construction of the link)
 When there are fusion splices in the link, OTDR testing doesn’t show a gain
(instead of a loss) for those splices
For long haul WAN OF link (SM fibres) and/or if splices showing a gain are
discovered during LAN OF links testing, bi-directional measurement is requested.
The result is the mean of the two graphics (calculated by the OTDR).

Agenda

Summary

40
Summary
1. Always inspect all FO connectors and clean them if dirty prior to any mating
2. Use good and clean testing cords
3. All connectors and couplers from the link shall be perfectly clean
4. LSPM: Mandatory use mandrels or encircled flux compatible test heads or
accessory
5. Measurement to be performed according to manufacturer testing procedure
6. Maintenance and yearly calibration of the testing equipment is important
7. Set the testing equipment (LSPM ou OTDR) with the index of refraction figures
provided by the manufacturer

Thank you

41

11 - Fibre Testing - V2 - 32 PDF

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

11 - Fibre Testing - V2 - 32 PDF

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Fibre Testing

Nexans Cabling Solutions 1

OPTICAL FIBRE CABLING &

Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links

 LAN Application Standards  Design Limits

 Limits for particular applications over the installed fiber

 Examples: 10BASE-FL, Token Ring, 100BASE-FX, 1000BASE-

SX, 1000BASE-LX, ATM, Fibre Channel

 Cabling System standards  Testing Limits

 Examples: ISO11801, EN50173, TIA/EIA 568B

Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links

LAN Application Standards: IEEE

Provide length limits for OF links:

Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links

Use of G652d fibre

Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links

Use of large number of channels imposes new requirements on

Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links

 The G652a SM fibre is the standard version working at

Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links

Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links

IS0 11801 Standard

 Maximum MM fiber loss per km (at 850 nm) 3.5 dB

Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links

MM fibre at 850 nm Limit per item Qty Loss

Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links

Calculating Loss Limits

MM fibre at 1300 /1310nm Limit per item Qty Loss

Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links

ISO14763-3: OF test leads (cords) shall be terminated with 'reference

Multimode fibres Singlemode fibres

Reference plug 0,1 dB 0,3 dB 0,2 dB 0,5 dB

Random plug 0,3 dB 0,75 dB 0,5dB 0,75 dB

Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links

Fiber Loss Measurement

0.6 dB* + Σ (Cable attenuation) + Σ (embedded connection attenuation)

(*): 0.6 dB = 2 x 0.3 dB

SM fibres Limit (dB)

1.0 dB* + Σ(Cable attenuation) +Σ (embedded connection attenuation)

(*): 1.0 dB = 2 x 0.5 dB

Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links

MM fibre at 850 nm Limit per item Qty Loss

Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links

Calculating Loss Limits using reference cords

MM fibre at 1300 /1310nm Limit per item Qty Loss

Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links

Derived from IEC 61280-4 and adapted

Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links

Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links

Fiber Loss Measurement

Not to be disconnected after reference setup

Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links

3. Measure loss – The Difference: Link plus two connections

Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links

Fiber Loss Measurement

Not to be disconnected after reference setup

Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links

Fiber Loss Measurement

Not to be disconnected after reference setup

Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links

Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links

Inspection and cleaning of OF connectors: Why?

Module 11 Testing Optical Fibre Links