North

Carolina

A&T
State
University

>> RESEARCH MOVING FORWARD

>>
A&T’s SOCIAL & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

RESEARCH BEYOND
ENGINEERING

FULBRIGHT
SCHOLARS:
Negotiating Trade
Eradicating Malaria

inside Volume 4
FOCUS Undergraduate Researchers > research News > Faculty Research > PROFILE Dean Alan Letton Number 1
FALL 2010
 North
||| from the vice chancellor Carolina

A&T
State
University
>> RESEARCH MOVING FORWARD

Evolution is published by
The Division of Research & Economic Development
North Carolina A&T State University
1601 East Market Street

>>features
Greensboro, NC 27411
336-334-7995
http://research.ncat.edu

EDITOR
David Arneke

MANAGING EDITOR
Elisabeth B. Wall
CELESTINE A. 4 RESEARCH BEYOND
ENGINEERING
Design A&T’s Social & Behavioral Sciences

Ntuen, Ph.D.
Aimee Perez for E.B. WALL + ASSOCIATES

4 13
PRODUCTION
Leila Weinstein, copy editor INTERIM Vice Chancellor for Research & Economic Development Dean Alan Letton
12 Things to Know
Photography
Dan Routh Photography
Cross-Platforming Strategic Research
14 FULBRIGHT SCHOLARS
Istock Images

Contributing Writers Dr. Sarita Jackson & Dr. Syrulwa Somah

David Arneke As I alluded to in the last issue of Evolution (Spring 2010), the creation of an Institute
David C. Wall for Social and Behavioral Sciences is overdue and must be strategically embedded in our
research enterprise. >>departments
||||||||||||

Harold L. Martin, Sr., Ph.D. In this issue, you will see the current work of some of our leading researchers in
Chancellor behavioral and cognitive sciences. Our purpose in strategically targeting these areas is not
only to increase research funding, but also to close the knowledge gap while “improving

2
Celestine A. Ntuen, Ph.D.
Interim Vice Chancellor for Research & the intellectual climate” of our university and helping to improve the basic and translational A&T News
Economic Development research of our faculty. Aggie Research Briefs
Joint School of Nanosciene &
mitzi bond, eD.d.
As we are developing strategies and identifying our capacity in the social and behavioral Nanoengineering
Assistant Vice Chancellor for
Research Administration sciences, faculty across multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary units of our university will be

Wayne Szafranski, M.S.

Assistant Vice Chancellor for Outreach
optimally engaged in a targeted manner. So engineers, computer scientists, psychologists,
nurses, animal scientists, economists and so on, will be ready to work together to solve
18 Faculty Watch
Dr. Lemuria Carter
Dr. Gregory Goins

14
and Economic Development common global and local problems.
Dr. Shengmin Sang
David Arneke Dr. Perpetua Muganda
Director of Research Communications
Sincerely, 
||||||||||||

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University is a

22 Undergraduate Research
Shauna Adams & Adrian Ambrose
land grant, high research activity university and AA/EEO em-
ployer. N.C. A&T is an ADA compliant institution, and university
facilities are designed to provide accessibility to individuals with Celestine A. Ntuen, Ph.D.
physical disabilities. Distinguished University Professor
Interim Vice Chancellor for Research and Economic Development
x,000 copies of this publication were printed with nonstate funds
at a cost of X$ at X cents per copy.

Evolution (Print)

22
ISSN 2157-1597

Evolution (Online)
ISSN 2157-1821 The Aggie Research blog: http://aggieresearch.wordpress.com/
Twitter @aggieresearch ... Facebook: Aggie Research
http://www.ncat.edu/~divofres/ FALL 2010
 ||| A&T news
Nanoscience & Nanoengineering
$60M “Old School”
JSNN popular,
enrollment high
A&T and UNC-Greensboro opened a
“one-room schoolhouse” this semester.
But it’s not as old-fashioned as Dean Jim
Ryan’s nickname makes the Joint School of
Nanoscience and Nanoengineering sound.
Classes actually are being held in one room
in the USDA research building at the South
Campus of Gateway University Research
Park. But there also are two JSNN labs
temporarily housed there, with multiple
mass spectrometers, chromatographs and
microscopes operating at the nano level. This
one-room schoolhouse is worth millions.
The $60 million JSNN building is under
construction next door, on time and on budget
to open by the end of 2011.
Eighteen students were admitted in the first
class, 17 doctoral students in nanoscience
and one student in the professional master
of science program. Ryan was hoping for
10 in the initial class. With the nanoscience
degree program not receiving UNC approval
until January, there was little time to recruit
students. “We’re delighted and a little
surprised at the popularity of the program,”
Ryan says.
First semester schedule: an A&T course in
mathematical methods in nanoscience and
nanoengineering and a UNCG course in
nanochemistry, plus two lab rotations and
a professional development seminar. Spring
semester brings nanobiology, nanophysics, two
more lab rotations and another professional
development seminar.
The next milestone is approval by the
UNC system of A&T’s Ph.D. program in
nanoengineering, which could come as early
as academic year 2011. The nanoscience
degree program is offered by UNCG.
2 Evolution >> Research Moving Forward
Aggie Research Briefs
Noted & Notable
The National Security Agency has designated A&T as a Center of Excellence in Information
Assurance Education.  Physicist and weather researcher Dr. Solomon Bililign (Physics) has
been named a 2010 Alumni Fellow of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University
of Iowa, his doctoral alma mater. 
The Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering and Greensboro-based chip-maker
RF Micro Devices have agreed to collaborate on the development of innovative nanoelectronics
technologies for RF amplification, filter, and switch functions. 
Honeywell hosted three Engineering faculty members—Dr. Albert Esterline, Dr. Mannur
Sundaresan, and Dr. Christopher Doss—at its Kansas City plant for a day-long meeting to
explore mutual research interests. 
Dr. Etta Gravely (Chemistry) has been named to the new American Chemical Society-Hach
Programs Advisory Board. The ACS Hach program supports secondary chemistry education
and teachers. 
Dr. Guochen Yang (Natural Resources & Environmental Design) has been elected secretary
and a member of the steering committee of the Plant Growth Regulation Society of America.
… On a visit to China over the summer, he chaired the thesis defense committee for eight MS
students at Jilin Agricultural University. 
Dr. Karen Smith-Gratto (Curriculum & Instruction) and Donna Eaton RN (Office of
Research Compliance & Ethics) have been selected to present a poster at the 2010 Advancing
Ethical Research Conference. Subject: Student Research Requirements and the Need for
Faculty Training. 
IBM executives Dr. Sandra Johnson and Elmer Corbin met with Chancellor Martin, research
administrators and faculty to discuss possible research collaborations. IBM is very interested in
connecting US universities, especially HBCUs, with schools in sub-Saharan Africa. 
Dr. Fuabeh Fonge (History) is editor-in-chief of the Journal of International Studies and
Development, a new peer-reviewed scholarly journal on international studies and practice. 
Dr. Harmohindar Singh (Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering) has received
the 2010 Regional Energy Professional Development Award from the Association of Energy
Engineers. The Center for Energy Research and Technology, headed by Singh, has received
the 2010 Community Leadership Award from the NC Sustainable Energy Association. 
A group of South African executives from the energy and economic development sectors met
with the Center for Energy Research & Technology to discuss collaborative energy research
and education projects with A&T, Bennett College and the American Association of Blacks
in Engineering. 
||| A&T news
PICTURED LEFT TO RIGHT:
Dr. Solomon Bililign, ERC bioengineering laboratory, Dr. Kay Dobie,
Dr. Etta Gravely and Aggie Research Facebook page
Dr. Kay Dobie, Transportation Institute director, is part of a team from five UNC campuses conducting
an economic-impact study on North Carolina’s state ports. The other schools are NC State, UNC
Charlotte, UNC Wilmington, and Western Carolina. 
Dr. Conchita Ndege (History) has been appointed to the board of the Wake Forest University Museum Research this:
of Anthropology; she’ll chair the board’s programs committee. 
Three other HBCU’s
Associate Dean Shirley Hymon-Parker (Agriculture & Environmental Sciences) received the
Distinguished Service Award from the American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences, the
group’s highest honor. 
are designated as
Valerie Nieman (Journalism & Mass Communications) is poetry editor of the online quarterly Prime “high research activity”
Number (http://www.primenumbermagazine.com/). 
universities. Can you
Social media users, please note: New provost, Dr. Linda Thompson Adams, is on Facebook.  And so
is Aggie Research (check it out on Twitter and the Aggie Research blog, too). 
name them?
Dr. Stephanie Luster-Teasley (Civil & Environmental Engineering) has been admitted to the 2010
BRIDGES academic leadership program at UNC-CH. 
A new bioengineering laboratory for the Engineering Research Center has been built on the third floor
of the Fort IRC. 
A&T alum Calvin Johnson, class of ’74, led a seminar on campus on funding from the Department of
Defense. Johnson is a highly decorated retired US Army officer and is now the deputy director of the US
Army’s Battle Command Battle Laboratory at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. 
Dr. Abdussalam Addus (Department of Economics and Finance) published an article in the International
Journal of Business and Public Administration (“Financial Management of Road Maintenance Programs
in Sub-Saharan Africa”).  Dr. George Steven Swann (Department of Management) published an
article in the Ohio Northern University Law Review (“The Law and Economics of ERISA and Fiduciary
Duty: LaRue vs. DeWolff, Boberg & Associates, Inc.”). 
Clark Atlanta, Howard and Jackson State.
NC A&T is joining with Hampton and Tennessee State to assist minority-owned IT firms in securing Answer:
federal service contracts. 
Three interdisciplinary graduate programs are now aligned with academic departments:
Computational Science & Engineering with Engineering, Energy & Environmental Sciences with
Arts & Sciences, and Leadership & Community Development with Education. 
The ECU medical school has added A&T to its early assurance program, guaranteeing admission for
two top Aggie grads each year (without taking the MCAT). 
NC A&T STATE UNIVERSITY >> FALL 2010 3
>>
A&T’s SOCIAL & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
RESEARCH
BEYOND
ENGINEERING
ethics, brain and behavior,
language and culture, energy
and economics, rural sociology,
health disparities, youth and
elderly drug and alcohol abuse,
teen pregnancy, youth delinquency
and dropouts, climate change, dance and other
artistic expressions of african-americans,
music, and our criminal justice system.
The list goes on.
Our interim vice chancellor for research and
economic development and distinguished university
professor of industrial engineering urges us to take
a new look at the social and behavioral sciences. He
cautions: Don’t underestimate their value.
In June of 2005 I was fortunate
to attend the “Complex Physical,
Biological, and Social Systems”
program at MIT offered by New
England Complex Systems Institute.
As a part of the project, we had self-
forming teams of no more than five
per team, each team inclusive of multi-
and transdisciplinary members from
engineering, health, computer science,
social science, and humanities.
Thinking about that MIT summer
experience has expanded my view of
the need to engage A&T faculty from the
humanities and social and behavioral
sciences in a more strategic, focused
way in the scholarly research on our
campus. Let’s look at the HIV/AIDS
project in which I participated from the
perspective of this cohort faculty.
Our team developed a model that
incorporated issues on the impact
of the spread of HIV/AIDS in a small
community in the suburbs of Los
Angeles. The economists addressed
An engineer’s perspective ON:
the economic impact of controlling
the spread of AIDS; the sociologists
behavioral &
were interested in social interaction
and sociological metrics of sexuality;
the psychologists analyzed the impact
social sciences on patients’ decision-making (brain/
cognitive) while interacting with
caregivers and families, concepts
Psychology of self in relation with society, and
perceptions of risky sexual behavior;
EDUCATION
anthropologists provided the team with
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT & SERVICES
historical antecedents of culture and
ECONOMICS epidemiological diseases; linguistics
ACADEMIC AFFAIRS highlighted surprising communication
modalities of AIDS patients and “new
Psychology
hip-hop adaptive” language patterns arising from
perceived isolation from the society and
neighborhood; the healthcare expert,
who happened to be a physician with
a nursing degree, exposed the impact
of HIV/AIDS on all aspects of the
healthcare system
By Celestine Ntuen, Ph.D.
Why introduce an experience gained
about five years ago? First, collaborative
“intelligence” through diverse multi-
disciplinary teams produces equally
diverse opportunities in solving
problems. Second, research in public
policy, especially policies on intervention
programs such as the example on HIV/
AIDS, requires open dialogue and
collaboration of experts in humanities,
social and behavioral sciences.
As A&T is engaged in improving the
intellectual climate of the university as a
major priority, the time is perfectly ripe
for A&T faculty from all disciplines to
be more engaged. This is especially true
for faculty in the humanities, social and
behavioral sciences—disciplines that
have historically been underrepresented
in A&T research funding.
In reviewing A&T faculty expertise
and research over the past years,
I discovered my colleagues in the
social and behavioral sciences
already contributing in many ways
to A&T’s success in grantsmanship.
These contributions span various
intellectual arenas that include
research in ethics, brain and behavior,
language and culture, energy and
economics, rural sociology of North
Carolina, health disparities, youth
and elderly drug and alcohol abuse
and their impacts on our society,
teen pregnancy, youth delinquency
and dropouts in elementary and high
schools, problems in climate change,
dance and other artistic expressions
of African-Americans, hip-hop music,
and our criminal justice system. The
list goes on. The following pages will
provide an insider’s look at some of the
contributions our faculty is making in
these fields. <<
NC A&T STATE UNIVERSITY >> FALL 2010 5
 By David C. Wall

A&T’s SOCIAL & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Dr. Cathy Kea EDUCATION

MAPPING NEW the who, what and

One of our nation’s leaders in best practices in
teacher development, Kea uses evidence-based

FRONTIERS IN
why of a different
instruction strategies to teach teachers how to
kind of research
adapt in culturally changing communities.

RESEARCH & EDUCATION

Likely you are aware of research and funding in engineering and agriculture. But what of
the social and behavioral sciences? Here are a group of multidisciplinary efforts that include
research in ethics, brain and behavior, language and culture, energy and economics, sociology,
health and addiction. We are proud to showcase a few of our faculty who are improving the
intellectual climate on our campus and in our world.

Dr. Stephanie Lusk HUMAN DEVELOPMENT & SERVICES

Dr. Brian Sims Psychology Lusk’s master’s level students are learning how

Dr. Terrolyn Carter Psychology In this media-driven world, what are the racial to recognize, address and treat a wide array

What engages teens here and abroad? A messages we take in and how do they impact our of addictive behavior. Her research explores

McNair mentor, Carter finds herself examining choices? Sims is opening our eyes and ears. treatment with an eye toward global applications.

the educational outcomes of rural and urban

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Dr. Mark Burkey ECONOMICS

Where does matter. Burkey analyzes the impact
of location, location, location and its effect on
local populations.
Dr. Scott Simkins ACADEMIC AFFAIRS
Leading A&T’s Academy of Teaching and
Learning, Simkins is building a resource for faculty
development and improving student learning.

6 Evolution >> Research Moving Forward NC A&T STATE UNIVERSITY >> FALL 2010 7

Dr. Brian Sims Psychology
WHO Dr. Brian Sims
WHAT Deconstructing the psychology of media
WHERE In our classrooms, homes and culture
WHY “Because it’s a foregone conclusion that
social constructs like race and gender are not
only real but meaningful.”
8 Evolution >> Research Moving Forward
Are we what we watch?
DID ARCHIE BUNKER AND BILL COSBY IMPACT OUR RACIAL IDENTITIES? DOES RAP MUSIC
DEFINE EMOTIONS LIKE HATE? ARE OUR CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS PRIMED BY MASS
MEDIA MESSAGES?
Dr. Brian Sims, a psychologist at A&T, is
intensely involved in three studies that ask incisive
questions about how individuals receive messages
of racial identity via the media. His field of media
psychology looks at how messages in television,
radio, print media, movies and music can influence
the decisions individuals make about their racial
group membership.
Although there is wealth of current research
on this topic, Sims approaches it from a different
angle than most. “The current literature tends to
focus on how attitudes and beliefs about race
relate to other things,” Sims explains. “A simple
example would be the question, ‘How does racial
identity play into the college classroom? Does it
affect students’ grades?’
“But what I’m interested in is less about the
things that racial identity impacts,” he says. “I
am more interested in the things that impact
racial identity.”
One of Sims’ studies, to be submitted this fall
to the Journal of Media Psychology, looks at racial
identity themes in television sitcoms. For the study,
Sims developed a coding scheme that can be used
to systematically extract racial identity messages.
He chose to deconstruct The Cosby Show.
“The Cosby Show was full of cultural ideas and
motifs about what it means to be black and what it
means to not be black in America,” Sims said.
The Cosby Show debuted on NBC in September
of 1984, and immediately became one of the most
successful, and unexpected, hit sitcoms American
television had ever seen. For eight years, on
Thursday night, millions of people tuned in to
watch the everyday events in the lives of an upper-
middleclass black family.
“What is it that made the Huxtables so über-
successful compared to other examples of black
families that had been on television before?” Sims
asks. Sims is convinced that the reason The Cosby
Show was so successful—it aired on primetime on
NBC for eight years—was because of the messages
that were embedded in the show.
“Ultimately,” he says, “I’m interested in figuring
out how that show, and others, delivered racial
identity messages to viewers.”
Earlier attempts to depict the black American
family on television included Sanford and Son
(1972-77), Good Times (1974-79) and The
Jeffersons (1975-85). But the Huxtables, Sims
believes, were imbued with a unique mixture
of human qualities that served as racial identity
the impact of media on identity
messages that challenged the common black
stereotypes of the time.
The study is very time intensive. Developing
the coding scheme took a long time, Sims says,
and then there is the time spent actually viewing
the shows—two independent raters watching
200-plus episodes.
“The raters have to make judgments,” Sims
points out. “There are interrelated liability
concerns and scale calibrations, so it’s a very
complex, scientific endeavor designed to ask,
What are the messages? What are the ideas? What
are the concepts that have racial relevance that
would impact the minds of the viewers?”
Sims is also collaborating with Dr. George
Robinson, chair of the Psychology Department,
on a study complementary to the Cosby Show
research—an Event Related Potential (ERP)
study, which will use brain imaging technology
to allow researchers to see electrical activity in
a person’s brain.
“This is the next frontier for my research
program,” Sims says. “Given what we already
know about the media and their ability to
transmit racial identity messages, how do those
messages specifically act on a person’s central
nervous system?”
Participants are placed in an experimental
setting and exposed to sitcoms. Brain activity
is measured to see if there are corollaries
or relationships between the racial identity
messages in the shows and the participants’
neurological activity. Sims believes that if he
can make distinctions between different stimuli
based on something like race, then he should
be able to see that reflected in the neurological
activity of the brain.
“This is very exciting work because there is
absolutely nothing like this in the literature,”
Sims says with enthusiasm. “And it’s a foregone
conclusion that social constructs like race and
gender are not only real but meaningful.”
These two studies, and another that Sims is
conducting on the psychological constructs
of hate in contemporary rap music lyrics, are
the reasons he came to a research university
like A&T. “Research allows you to further
your understanding. Research gives the hope
of education as a liberating enterprise,”
Sims explains. “The prospect of making a living by
asking questions and trying to find their answers
seemed like the best job in the world to me.” <<
Dr. Cathy Kea EDUCATION
WHO Dr. Cathy Kea
WHAT Crafting curriculum and guiding
teachers in cultural diversity
WHERE Washington, DC, to Washington
Elementary
WHY “So teachers can become culturally
responsive and be cultural brokers in [their]
communities.”
Dr. Stephanie Lusk HUMAN DEVELOPMENT & SERVICES
WHO Dr. Stephanie Lusk
WHAT Exploring the who and why of addiction
WHERE Across fields and around the world
WHY ”To develop a more comprehensive and
complete treatment process for addiction.”
Mission , passion and a mantra
teaching the teachers
IN MAY OF THIS YEAR, DR. CATHY KEA, ALONG WITH 19 OTHER SPECIAL EDUCATORS
FROM AROUND THE COUNTRY, WAS INVITED BY THE OFFICE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION
PROGRAMS (OSEP), US DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, TO OUR NATION’S CAPITAL TO
ADDRESS ISSUES SUCH AS BEST PRACTICES IN PERSONNEL DEVELOPMENT, TEACHER QUALITY
AND PREPARATION, INNOVATIVE TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAMS AND RECRUITMENT
AND RETENTION OF SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHERS. SHE WAS THE ONLY PARTICIPANT
REPRESENTING A HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY.
Kea was exactly where she wanted to be. “You cited in national journals and special education
can’t be at the table if you’re not doing the work textbooks based on her exemplary work as a
that we’re doing here at A&T,” Kea said recently research practitioner in culturally responsive
from the offices of the Division of Research in instruction.
the Fort IRC building. “You can’t be at the table if
you’re not bringing recognition to your program, Kea came to A&T in January of 1991 by way
to your institution. You’re not going to be invited. of the University of Kansas, where she earned
It was an honor to sit at the table with well-known her doctorate degree. She received her first grant
researchers and practitioners.” three years later. Since then, every grant proposal
she has submitted, with the exception of one,
Kea prepares special education teachers and has been funded. She has been responsible for
conducts her research from the Department nearly $3 million in sponsored funding for A&T
of Curriculum and Instruction in the School of and was recently chosen as one of the university’s
Education. Kea has authored and/or co-authored Outstanding Senior Researchers for 2010.
24 refereed journal articles, monographs, and
book chapters. She is currently serving as Kea believes there are several qualities a good
consulting editor for Education Administration researcher must have. The first is a mission. The
Quarterly, which speaks to her reputation and second is a driving passion, because without
success as a researcher. Kea’s work is continuously
continued on page 24
CROSSING EDUCATIONAL BOUNDARIES
TAKING ON ADDICTION
RECENTLY LUSK RECEIVED A FIVE-YEAR $750,000 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
REHABILITATION SERVICES GRANT. SHE IS “A DELIBERATE, METHODICAL RESEARCHER
AND TEACHER. IF SHE CONTINUES HER CURRENT PACE, DR. LUSK WILL . . . BE NATIONALLY
RECOGNIZED AS AN AUTHORITY IN ADDICTIONS COUNSELING.
— Dr. Miriam Wagner, Interim Chair, Department of Human Development and Services
Dr. Stephanie Lusk is beginning her fifth year says, “There are a lot of great things going on
teaching at A&T. Her master’s level students here at A&T.”
learn the best evidence-based practices on how
“I’m interested in human interactions and how
to recognize, address and treat a wide array
of addictive behavior. After graduation these individuals change or move about as a result of
students will sit for exams to become certified influencing factors,” Lusk said recently from
rehabilitation or licensed professional counselors. her office in Proctor Hall. “A question I would
Should they complete the certificate program they be interested in might be, ‘How do individuals
are eligible to become licensed clinical substance respond to being exposed to people with
abuse counselors. disabilities or some type of addiction?’”
Lusk takes great pride in the success of her Lusk conducts her own research in the
students and says they leave her program very area of addictions and rehabilitation and she
well prepared to face the challenges of substance often finds that her work leads her across
abuse counseling. educational boundaries.
An assistant professor in the School of “I have to understand psychology,” Lusk
Education’s Department of Human Development explains. “I have to understand sociology. I have
and Services, Lusk is also a member of to understand economics—there’s a really big
the Institutional Review Board and has the economic factor that’s involved in addiction and
opportunity to track many of the research projects drug trafficking and drug use—so it’s really a
taking place on campus. It is easy to believe her
when she levels her gaze in your direction and continued on page 24
NC A&T STATE UNIVERSITY >> FALL 2010 9

Dr. Mark Burkey
ECONOMICS
WHO Mark Burkey
WHAT Mapping the location
WHERE Wherever location matters
WHY “To show students there is practical
application for what they will learn in this class.”
Dr. Scott Simkins ACADEMIC AFFAIRS
WHO Dr. Scott Simkins
WHAT Writer, director, researcher
WHERE Academy of Teaching and Learning
WHY “To provide a resource for faculty
development and improving student learning.”
10 Evolution >> Research Moving Forward
what’s up in the neighborhood WHAT ENGAGES THEM? WHEN AND WHY?
Dr. Terrolyn Carter
A GLOBAL VIEW OF YOUNG ADULTS
Psychology
Location. Location. Location.
DR. MARK BURKEY, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR IN THE DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS AND SERENDIPITOUSLY, DR. TERROLYN CARTER’S PERSONAL ENGAGMENT WITH AN A&T
TRANSPORTATION/LOGISTICS, IS YOUR LOCATION GO-TO GUY. HE ANALYZES THE LOCATION STUDENT’S RESEARCH PROVIDED HER AN OPPORTUNITY TO ENGAGE WITH YOUNG
OF THINGS: RED LIGHT CAMERAS USED IN TRAFFIC CONTROL; PAYDAY LENDERS IN MARGINAL ADULTS IN AFRICA THROUGH A FACULTY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM SPONSORED BY THE
NEIGHBORHOODS; ABC STORES IN NORTH CAROLINA AND VIRGINIA. BURKEY CAN TELL YOU COUNCIL OF INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE (CIEE).
WHY THOSE AND A RAFT OF OTHER THINGS ARE LOCATED WHERE THEY ARE.
Carter is a sociology professor at A&T whose US institutions to visit and form collaborations
The research project was defined. The research interests are in the educational with colleagues at international universities.
And, he can show you data on how location
choice affects members of a local population. researchers obtained a list of all the payday lender outcomes of rural and urban emerging The grant would allow her and a colleague
locations. Then they identified the bank locations. adults and the civic engagement of minority at the University of Ghana a year or more to
“Scott [Dr. Scott Simkins] and I got into the They conducted a survey and compared the data. emerging adults. Recently, she returned from develop and conceptualize a research project
payday lender study because a student approached Ghana—from what she describes as a sort of that they would then bring back to the NSF
me and wanted to be considered for the Ronald “Turns out banks are pretty much everywhere unexpected visit to the African nation. The for funding.
McNair program,” Burkey recalls. “So, I asked but they like to maintain an image that is up here,”
trip was sponsored by the CIEE program and
the student, ‘What is it you really want to know Burkey says, moving his hand above his head. Support from the NSF on this project
funded by a CIEE Ping Foundation Fellowship
something about?’ If you are going to do research, “Clean-cut, suit-wearing, dot your i’s and cross would allow Carter the unique opportunity
your t’s, whereas a payday lender says, ‘Hey Buddy and a faculty development grant awarded
then you have to find something you’re interested to research emerging adults in the United
in. It can’t be an assignment. You have to love it. how you doin’? Come on in.’” Carter by the Academy for Teaching and
Learning at A&T. States and Ghana, ages 18 to 29, whose civic
You really have to want to know the answer.”
Burkey says that when a lower income individual engagement, or lack of it, is of particular interest
The student’s reply to Burkey was that he saw was asked who they felt was more trustworthy, “I was serving as a McNair mentor to a social to her. Carter says these young people are in a
the answer was overwhelmingly, “the payday period of instability and constant movement.
people frequently making stupid decisions with work student who had put together a survey
their money by getting tied up with payday lenders. lender.” The same people also said the lender was on civic engagement that she wanted to look Because of this, they may feel less attachment
Why? Were there no banks nearby to offer loans? friendlier, more customer-service-oriented and at internationally,” Carter explains. As she was and commitment to their environment, which
Were these payday folks simply taking advantage held more convenient hours. “People know the searching for resources for the student, Carter may limit their civic involvement.
of a void in the financial market left open by payday lenders are ‘getting them’ but they know
fortuitously discovered the CIEE.
disinterested bankers? how they’re being gotten,” Burkey says. “With a Carter acknowledges there are significant
The purpose of the CIEE is to generate differences between members of this age
continued on page 25 faculty interest in globalizing their courses. group in the United States and Ghana but, she
The program sponsors faculty development notes, there are also similarities in what they
fresh air for teachers and teaching seminars in different countries, allowing are experiencing emotionally, physically and
Academy of Teaching & Learning research professors to experience a foreign
environment firsthand. This can help them
psychologically. Carter points out that this age
group is typically the most healthy and able to
make a decision about the research they might contribute to the workforce. However, in spite
ERNEST BOYER WAS PRESIDENT OF THE CARNEGIE FOUNDATION IN 1990 WHEN HE undertake in that particular country. of this, 40 percent of the unemployed in Ghana
AUTHORED THE REPORT SCHOLARSHIP RECONSIDERED IN WHICH HE OPINED THAT are between the ages of 18 and 35. Even those
EDUCATORS MUST “MOVE BEYOND THE TIRED OLD TEACHING-VERSUS-RESEARCH DEBATE “I wanted to tie the research component of with an education are struggling and can’t get
AND GIVE THE FAMILIAR AND HONORABLE TERM ‘SCHOLARSHIP’ A BROADER MEANING.” WHO Dr. Terrolyn Carter the program—what I learned in the lectures a job, she says.
WHAT Engaging young adults
and field visits [in Ghana]—to my population
studies course,” Carter says. “My hope is to “Emerging adults, particularly those in the
By establishing an idea such as the scholarship interest is in helping them grow, to become better WHERE Ghanaian communities and in the US create a travel/study abroad course that will United States, are not as committed to the old
of teaching, Boyer sought to bring recognition to teachers. And certainly a part of ongoing faculty
the profession and put it on an equal footing with WHY “To foster civic engagement among allow students to complete a research project, standard of going to college, getting married,
development, especially for new faculty, junior
other types of scholarly work. young adults internationally.” engage in civic activity in Ghana, and connect having a job,” Carter says. “They’re not doing
and pre-tenured faculty, is doing research.”
these experiences to the course material.” that anymore. Even if they’re going to college,
It is from the seed of Boyer’s thoughts that A&T’s On the classroom level, the ATL provides they’re putting off marriage and putting
Academy of Teaching and Learning (ATL) grew faculty with workshops and seminars on effective The premise is that the students will take off having children more than ever before.
to become a resource for faculty development teaching practices, assessment of student Carter’s course and later, during summer or They’re even putting off having a stable job.
and improving student learning through the use learning and enhancement of presentation skills. holiday break, travel with her to Ghana where All of those choices are changing society in
of effective teaching innovations and classroom- On the research level, Simkins can guide them they will participate in the experiential learning unprecedented ways.
based research. to resources in the division of research, where segment of the course by engaging in civic,
they learn about funding opportunities and social or political activities that could effect “Maybe it’s the social psychologist in me,”
The academy’s director is Dr. Scott Simkins,
grant-writing skills that can assist in promotion she says with a laugh, “but I’m very interested
himself a man of “broader meaning” as his social change in a Ghanaian community. What
and tenure.
expertise extends well beyond his work at the ATL constitutes civic engagement? Carter adheres in knowing more about those people.” <<
offices where he helps faculty members find the to the standard outlined by the Pew Charitable
The services of the ATL are available to any
resources to be more successful as professors in faculty member on campus—a definite asset Trust: work individuals and groups do to
the classroom or as researchers in their chosen for professors who teach outside the traditional create positive social change in communities
field. Simkins is also an accomplished researcher science, technology, engineering and mathematics or society.
who has maintained a ten-year history of funding (STEM) areas, Dr. Simkins says, as sometimes they
from the National Science Foundation (NSF). are less aware of funding resources. Carter is currently applying for a National
Science Foundation (NSF) International
“A part of what I do is faculty development,”
Simkins says from his office in Dowdy Hall. “My continued on page 25 Planning Visit Grant, which allows faculty at
NC A&T STATE UNIVERSITY >> FALL 2010 11
 compiled by Leila Weinstein
interim dean of graduate studies
SOCIAL & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
GRANTS, AWARDS & MORE
THE SOCIAL & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES ARE THRIVING AT A&T, AND FACULTY
IN THE DEPARTMENTS IN THIS AREA HAVE PUBLISHED PROLIFICALLY AND
HAVE RECEIVED MANY PRESTIGIOUS GRANTS AND AWARDS. HERE ARE SOME
HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE RECENT PAST:
 $757,528 National Science Foundation grant titled “Changing Societal Attitudes
towards Water Scarcity: Ethanol Production and Increasing Groundwater
Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer.” Awarded to Dr. Jeffrey A. Edwards (PI) and Dr.
Lyubov Kurkalova (Co-PI) in the Department of Economics.
||| graduate STUDIES
DR. ALAN LETTON ISN’T THE MOST TRADITIONAL CHOICE AS INTERIM DEAN
OF GRADUATE STUDIES. HE COMES TO NORTH CAROLINA A&T WITH A DIVERSE
CV THAT BALANCES HIGH-LEVEL ACADEMIC EXPERIENCE WITH CORPORATE
WORK RANGING FROM A SMALL TECHNOLOGY FIRM TO THE HIGH END OF THE
FORTUNE 500.
HIS RESEARCH CAREER HAS BEEN AS DIVERSE AS HIS EMPLOYERS. HE HAS
EXPERIENCE WITH PROJECTS INVOLVING ASPHALT, NUCLEAR WARHEADS,
LIPSTICK, CANCER AND MATTRESSES.
by David Arneke

 $140,000 National Institutes of Health grant titled “Quantifying the Impact of

Geographic Access Restrictions.” Awarded to Dr. Mark L. Burkey in the Department
of Economics. 1 He comes from an academic family. His
father was the head of the Chemistry
Department at Kentucky State University.
experience when the governor named him
to the committee in charge of allocating $40
million to $60 million a year for research
and how they present themselves,” he says. A&T
and Spelman College were the two schools he kept
thinking about—“the two that could change the game
 Three Long Term Training Grants from the US Department of Education, totaling from a state endowment. in a very sophisticated way.”
$2,000,000. Awarded to the Department of Human Development and Services
(School of Education). 2 He comes from a corporate family, too.
His father also served as a top chemist at
Procter & Gamble and holds patents on some 6 At the age of 34, he went to Tuskegee
University as one of the youngest 10 The strengths he sees in A&T research include
the $60 million level of research funding and
 Two awards from the North Carolina Counseling Association: Dr. Patricia Bethea-
of P&G’s key technologies. engineering deans in the nation. He had a the track record, credibility, and “the very engaged
Whitfield for service and Dr. Robin Liles for research (Department of Human

12
ponytail then. “That’s probably not the image and very bright faculty” required to reach that level.
Development and Services).

 From 2008 to 2010, the Department of Human Development and Services (School 3 After getting his undergraduate degree in
chemical engineering at MIT, he went to
they were expecting,” he says.

11 Letton believes A&T’s research would benefit

things
of Education) has published 36 journal articles, two books, ten book chapters, Sandia National Laboratories as a materials
produced 132 conference presentations and submitted 71 grant proposals. physicist. The job: analyzing the aging process
of nuclear warheads. He went on to receive his
 The Department of Sociology and Social Work has received major funding from the doctorate in polymer science and chemical
7
As dean of Eengineering, architecture
and applied science at Tuskegee, Letton
worked with then-Dean Harold Martin of A&T
and other HBCU engineering deans as co-PIs
from a bigger supporting infrastructure; more
engagement of faculty in the “by reputation only”
level of activity, such as NSF review committees and
government commissions; and tightening up day-to-

to know
John and Kathy Hairston Endowed Scholarship, the Sarah Virgo Kirk scholarship,
engineering from the University of Cincinnati. on a successful proposal to the Department of day policies and procedures.
Milton and Durcilla Pittman and Roger L. Witherspoon.
Energy to fund chairs in environmental science
 Thirty-three BSW graduates of the Department of Sociology and Social Work are
4 His corporate career includes research at the schools.
12 On a more strategic level, Letton says, the

about
members of Alpha Delta Mu (the National Social Work Honor Society) and 11 and executive experience with Allied question is, “How do we contemporize the
of the sociology graduates are members of Alpha Kappa Delta (the International
Sociology Honor Society).
Signal; Avon; Dow Chemical; and Polymerix
Corp., a pharmaceutical firm specializing
in therapeutic polymer technology. Most
8 The two men stayed in touch over the years,
and Letton contacted Martin late last year
to congratulate him on becoming chancellor.
HBCU experience without sacrificing the intellectual
quality? What does it mean to have a degree from an
HBCU, how is it different?”

Alan
 To date, the leadership studies Ph.D. program boasts 29 graduates and a current recently, he was chief science officer for Sealy. They agreed to meet for lunch in December;
enrollment of 51 doctoral students.
Sealy was looking for someone with a diverse the chancellor’s schedule didn’t allow them to Letton has some ideas about that, and he’s already
 Approximately 500 undergraduates are currently enrolled in the Psychology background in science and engineering plus actually get together until summer. started engaging people in discussions about it.
experience in business management, culture

Letton
Department. The department is also planning a master’s degree program and
potentially a Ph.D. program. Faculty are conducting research on topics ranging
from speech perception/auditory cognition to human brain electrophysiology,
change and innovation, he says.
9 Letton has long thought about coming
to an HBCU as a change agent. “I’ve
”I think if we can figure that out for A&T, we’ll have a
very competitive program,” he says.


memory and perceptual processes.

A five-year, $500,000 award from the US Department of Education Office of

5 As a young professor at Texas A&M
University, he gained some political
always thought HBCUs haven’t been very
contemporary in how they run themselves

Special Education 325T Competition was won by Dr. Cathy Kea of the Department
of Curriculum and Development (School of Education) for FIRE (Fostering Inclusive
Responsive Educators).
 $2.4 million four-year National Science Foundation grant titled “The Relationship
among mentoring, content, pedagogy, teacher knowledge, diversity and student
outcomes.” Awarded to Dr. David Boger (PI) and Dr. Jane Davis (Co-PI) in the
Department of Curriculum and Development.
 $37,000 award from the Historically Minority Colleges and Universities Consortium
of North Carolina. Awarded to Dr. Anthony Graham (PI) and Dr. Ceola Ross Baber
(Co-PI) in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction, for the Charles Hamilton
Houston Leadership Institute for Adolescent Black Males.
 $767,650 US Department of Education grant awarded for the P.R.A.P.E. (Professional
Preparation of Adapted Physical Educators) project in the Department of Human
Performance and Leisure Studies.
 Faculty from the School of Education have published in a variety of journals,
including Journal of Case Studies in Education and Tourism Review International.
12 Evolution >> Research Moving Forward
An invitation: Here’s something we need to talk about.
I’d like to hear what you have to say about a theme that’s emerging from the
conversations I’m having as I meet members of the Aggie community.
Dr. Alan Letton invites Here is the background:
you to join him in an Based on recent reports on education performance in the African
American community, for every 1,000 males born today, 650 will not
online discussion at make it to high school graduation.
http://aggieresearch.
Of the remaining 350, only 133 will graduate college.
wordpress.com
Of those 133 young men, fewer than 13 will enter graduate school.
This means that over 98.7 per cent of the African American male
population will be denied opportunities to produce research that will benefit
health, economics and general well-being. They will be denied opportunities
to represent the African American community in the halls of leadership. And
they will lack opportunities to give back to communities that deeply need
their contributions.
So, how does a graduate degree from an HBCU impact that dynamic? How
does North Carolina A&T impact that dynamic? How can our doctoral and
master’s graduates impact that dynamic? How can we make a difference?
Faculty members, staff, students, fellow administrators, and members of
the extended Aggie community—alumni, neighbors, and fellow residents of
Greensboro and the Triad who care about the future of our community—tell
me what you think. Come to the Aggie Research blog (http://aggieresearch.
wordpress.com) and share your thoughts. Together, I know that we can
develop some actionable ideas to change the status quo.
 FULBRIGHT SCHOLARS:
Fair Negotiations
Fighting Malaria
“I WANTED TO UNDERSTAND THEIR INITIAL POSITIONS GOING INTO THE NEGOTIATIONS,” JACKSON EXPLAINED, “AND HOW THEY RESPONDED
—WHAT WAS THE BACK AND FORTH LIKE IN RESPONDING TO THE U.S. PROPOSALS AND HOW DID THEY FEEL ABOUT THE RESULTS.”
D R. SARITA JACKSON, AN ASSISTANT
PROFESSOR IN THE DEPARTMENT
OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND CRIMINAL
JUSTICE AT A&T, HAS JUST RETURNED
FROM THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC WHERE
SHE WAS TEACHING AND CONDUCTING
RESEARCH AS A FULBRIGHT SCHOLAR.
Jackson’s area of research interest was the
role of private sector participation, specifically
industry associations, in the Dominican
TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
Republic’s free trade negotiations with the
United States as part of the Dominican
the give and take between public sector and industry Republic-Central America-United States
Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA).
“When we study free trade negotiations,”
Jackson said recently from her home just
after returning to the United States, “the
focus is often on the government negotiators
14 Evolution >> Research Moving Forward
and what they do when they’re sitting at
the bargaining table. I was more interested
in the associations that represent textile
manufacturers and agricultural sub-sectors
and how much access they had to the
negotiations and how much influence they
had on the negotiations.”
CAFTA is a trade agreement between
the United States and six Central American
countries to exchange goods and materials
with minimal or no tariffs. El Salvador,
Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua
implemented the agreement in 2006 and
the Dominican Republic, the trade group’s
largest economy, implemented the agreement
in 2007. The final signatory, Costa Rica,
came on board in 2009.
It was while conducting preliminary
research in the Dominican Republic years
earlier that Jackson decided to apply for
a Fulbright Grant, proposing the private
sector/industry participation approach
as her research project. Her proposal was
accepted and she returned early this year
to initiate her research by speaking with
many of the trade representatives who
participated in the negotiations from a
side room where they took on the role of
consultants to the government.
Next on Jackson’s interview list were the
government negotiators to get their input on
what actually happened at the bargaining
table. In terms of satisfaction, Jackson said
the consensus of all the participants she
spoke with was that the best possible deal
got brokered.
On the textile end of the negotiations,
Dominican manufacturers would have By David C. Wall
liked some less restrictive rules of origin,
allowing them to purchase lower cost yarns
and fabrics within the trade region so their
products could be more competitive against
the ever-present Chinese imports.
On the agricultural side of the table,
traditional Dominican farmers, whose
produce tends to fall into the sensitive
categories of rice, milk and onions, wanted
more protection, in terms of time, before
products from the United States could come
into the country duty-free.
“They did very well,” Jackson, says. “Ten,
15, in some cases 20 years, but, of course the DR. SARITA JACKSON
continued on page 17 DR. SYRULWA SOMAH
communication is key
to success in both of
these scholars’ work
USING EDUCATION TO
ERADICATE MALARIA
Though he now lives and teaches in
the United States, Dr. Syrulwa Somah,
associate professor in the Department
of Construction Management and
Occupational Safety and Health at
A&T, has never forgotten his roots
in Africa.
A native of Liberia, Somah serves as the executive director of Liberian History,
Education & Development, Inc. (LIHEDE), an organization that provides
national development-oriented research on a variety of matters in Liberia.
He has earned the Africa Environmental Watch Humanitarian Award
and the Liberia Image Award for his continued commitment to promoting
Liberia’s history and present-day achievements.
But awards and scholarships pale when compared to Somah’s dedication to
the eradication of malaria, a disease that kills more than two million people
every year.
continued on page 16
NC A&T STATE UNIVERSITY >> FALL 2010 15
 ||| FULBRIGHT SCHOLARS
“I did not pick this fight,” he says. “Malaria picked this fight with me. It is a disease of the
have-nots and I am one of them. Malaria took my sister and her baby and also many of my
classmates. I will take my message of prevention and treatment as far as I can for as long
as I can.”
The heartbreaking thing about malaria,
Somah says, is that it is preventable,
treatable and curable. “It is a disease of
the poor,” he says. “Malaria kills because
of a lack of prevention, medication,
education and sometimes a simple lack
of transportation. It is our tsunami, our
atomic bomb, and we must do everything
possible to eradicate it.”
Somah’s major weapon against the
dreaded disease is his program of Culture
Driven Malaria Control (CDMC),
which uses the language and culture of
indigenous populations to make them
aware of the threat posed by malaria and
the risks associated with infection.
“It is critical that our people learn to
recognize the symptoms,” Somah says,
“and yet the signs of and preventions for
malaria are not taught in schools.”
Somah emphasizes the need to
establish communication links that will
allow information to move away from a
country’s population centers and into
more rural, interior areas. Some of the
16 Evolution >> Research Moving Forward
tactics include: enlisting the aid of tribal
elders, who are trusted and obeyed;
distributing radios that do not rely on
batteries, but draw power from a tiny
hand crank; and establishing a cadre of
trained midwives stationed in the less
populated areas as a first line of defense
against infection.
“You cannot carry a sick
child on your back for 40 or
50 miles in order to reach a
doctor,” Somah says, matter-
of-factly. “There isn’t enough
time. Malaria can kill within
24 hours.”
Somah presented the ideas for his
CDMC program to the Fulbright
program and received funding that sent
him to the coastal city of Mangalore,
Karnataka, India, this fall. In addition
to teaching classes on environmental
health, occupational safety and health,
occupational toxicology, environmental
assessment, re-emerging diseases and
public health, Somah will conduct field
research on eliminating malaria in sub-
Saharan Africa, Asia and Indonesia.
His work in India will take him into
the Orissa tribal region along the coast
of the Bay of Bengal. The region has a
population of almost 40 million people
and also the highest rate of deaths due
to malaria in the country. It is another
place that is front and center in the battle
against the disease. Somah says the time
and the place do not matter to him.
“I did not pick this fight,” he says.
“Malaria picked this fight with me. It is
a disease of the have-nots and I am one
of them. Malaria took my sister and her
baby and also many of my classmates. I
will take my message of prevention and
treatment as far as I can for as long as
I can.”
||| FULBRIGHT SCHOLARS
continued from page 15
industry leaders wanted more. Overall,
everyone felt it was the best deal they
could get.”
Now back in Greensboro, Jackson will
take the experiences and research from
her time in the Dominican Republic
and put them into academic papers
for publication.
“Oh yes, I’m working on a paper now
that’s almost finished,” she says with
obvious enthusiasm, “but the larger
project is a book. I’m in the process of
putting together a proposal to an academic
publisher and eventually I would like to
have a book on the subject.”
The opportunity to actually live in
another country gave Jackson an experience
that went beyond trying different types of
food and visiting museums.
“Just the day-to-day things you have
to deal with in another culture,” Jackson
recalls, laughing. “Having to rent your
own apartment, getting to know the
public transportation system—we take
our public transportation [in the United
States] so much for granted.”
Now when she talks about government
transparency, legal institutions,
comparative politics, or everyday life in
the Dominican Republic, Jackson says
she will speak from firsthand experience.
“I feel I have definitely grown in a
positive way,” she says. “My time in
the Dominican Republic was just an
invaluable experience. It gave me the
opportunity to interact with scholars
from other universities, carry out my
research and meet with government
officials. Now, when I come back to the
classroom, and when we’re talking about
the advantages of political systems or
democracy in other countries, what I’ve
been able to learn will enrich the learning
experience for the students and they can
walk away with some more knowledge
and better insight.”
NC A&T STATE UNIVERSITY >> FALL 2010 17

DR. LEMURIA CARTER
QUICK FACTS
Education: Ph.D. in business,
with a concentration in
accounting information systems,
Virginia Tech
Publications: Carter has
published in top-tier journals such
as Strategic Information Systems,
Information Systems Journal and
Information Systems Frontiers;
Going Green: Dr. Carter’s efforts in e-goverment may someday eliminate the need for
storage rooms like the one shown above.
18 Evolution >> Research Moving Forward
PROFESSOR of ACCOUNTING
faculty watch
H
ave you skipped the long lines at the Department of
Motor Vehicles because you applied for your license over
the Internet? Or were you spared the rush to the post
office to beat the April 15th tax deadline because you were able
to file electronically? Lemuria Carter researches these, and other
governmental electronic applications, and analyzes our access to
and comfort with using them.
C
arter is an assistant professor of accounting in the School of
Business and Economics, with a major research interest in
e-government (electronic government). She is determined
and motivated and has been a prolific publisher of scholarly articles
in her short time on the A&T campus. Senior faculty refer to her as
she is associate editor of the
a topflight research scholar and Dean Quiester Craig says that her
International Journal of Electronic
scholarly productivity is impressive.
Government Research.
Service: Carter is track chair for
“My research is on e-government, which is conveniently a hot
topic right now,” she says. “It’s very popular and in its infancy.
the Americas Conference on
Information Systems.
Consequently, there have been a lot of opportunities to publish in
special issues of journals.”
Goals: Carter tries to submit to at
least three conferences every year.
So, what constitutes e-government? According to Carter, it is the
process of facilitating citizen access to information and services
using the internet. And it’s not even limited to citizens, she says,
stressing that there are government-to-government and government-
to-business transactions as well.  just on biology, but on all of the math and science fields. Goins
“I typically look at government-to-citizen transactions,” Carter
says. “In particular, how factors like trust in the Internet, trust in
the government or comfort with technology impacts somebody’s
willingness to use an e-government service.”
Carter has also turned her eye to the digital divide, which is the
gap between those people who have access to technology and
possess the skills to use it, and those who do not. Typically, she
says, it is socioeconomic status that draws the line between the two
groups. And, as the government makes more and more information
available over the Internet, Carter says she wants to be sure there
isn’t a segment of the population that’s left behind. It is a matter of
personal importance and interest to her, which, she says, is vital to
doing quality research.
As our government makes more
information digital, Carter wants
to be sure there isn’t a segment of
the population that’s left behind.  impressive results. iBLEND students have presented research at more
Associate Professor of Environmental Biology
DR. GREGORY GOINS
QUICK FACTS
Education: M.S. Biology, special biomathematics issue of
UNC-Chapel Hill; M.S. and Cell Biology Education.
Ph.D. Ecophysiology, North
Philosophy: “The time has come
Carolina State University; USDA
for molecular cell biologists,
Postdoctoral Research Associate,
computer scientists and
University of Minnesota
mathematicians to embrace each
Recent publications: Co-authored other’s approaches and to learn
a Thurgood Marshall College the different languages we speak.
Fund book on a model of success Only then can undergraduates
for HBCUs. Also coauthored an make the explicit connections
faculty watch article on broadening diversity in between these disciplines that will
undergraduate biomathematics, propel them into the new careers
D
r. Gregory Goins, Department of Biology, has received a which was published in the 2010 of the future.”
National Science Foundation (NSF) grant that will fund
his unique approach to interdisciplinary education in
science and math through the 2013 academic year.
The Integrative Biomathematical Learning and Empowerment
Biology professor extends
Network for Diversity (iBLEND) is focused on concepts and
techniques that bring together mathematical methods and biological iBLEND curriculum with
systems by focusing undergraduate attention on the areas of critical
thinking, problem-based active learning, and research experiences. $240,000 NSF grant.
Goins notes that the discovery and mapping of the human
genome has created a wide array of new careers that touch not
realized early the importance of this paradigm shift in the natural
sciences and, with funding from the NSF, he created the iBLEND
project in 2006.
“There is an urgent national need to prepare undergraduates for
careers in fields at the intersection of the biological and mathematical
sciences,” Goins says. “It’s true that nothing beats the validation of
an experiment in the laboratory, but in the science of today, data
accumulates so quickly, and in such vast quantities, that it’s necessary
for student researchers to be as well-versed in math and computer
science as in the basics of biology.”
Goins says the iBLEND project is basically a support system for
undergraduates. The project aims to help students build and sustain
an interest in math and science while also encouraging them to
pursue postgraduate research careers. Students are teamed with
a faculty member who serves as a mentor through their senior
year. They are also introduced to a wide variety of other academic
disciplines, which not only develops skills, but also enhances their
post-graduate opportunities.
Dr. Goins in his laboratory where mathematical and biological sciences truly intersect.
“We started out as a small program,” Goins says, “but it has really
grown and there is now campus-wide participation—Agriculture
and Engineering have become partners, too.”
Less than four years old, the iBLEND project has produced some
than 70 national and international conferences and student-involved
research has produced eight peer-reviewed journal articles. Most
recently, iBLEND was cited by the National Academy of the Sciences
as one of the most outstanding examples of a biomathematics
research and training program in the nation.
NC A&T STATE UNIVERSITY >> FALL 2010 19

DR. SHENGMIN SANG
QUICK FACTS
Education: Ph.D. in Organic
Chemistry from the Department of
Natural Products at the Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica of the
Chinese Academy of Sciences;
Postdoctoral fellowship at the
Department of Food Science at
Rutgers University
Career track: Assistant Research
Professor in the Department of
NIH funds Sang’s study of
gingerols — promising
chemopreventive agents.
Sang hopes to develop and standardize a more active ginger extract preparation.
20 Evolution >> Research Moving Forward
ASSOCIATE Professor, CENTER FOR EXCELLENCE IN POST-HARVEST TECHNOLOGIES
faculty watch
Chemical Biology at the Ernest
Mario School of Pharmacy at
Rutgers University; Assistant
Professor in the Julius L. Chambers
Biomedical/Biotechnology
Research Institute at North
Carolina Central University and
currently Associate Professor,
Center of Excellence for Post-
Harvest Technologies
D
r. Shengmin Sang, an organic chemist and associate
professor at NC A&T’s Center of Excellence for Post-
Harvest Technologies, has received a two-year, $94,000
supplemental grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to
conduct a detailed study on the metabolic profile of ginger extract
and its key constituents.
Not only have China and India cultivated ginger as a spice for more
than 2,500 years, Sang explains, but its use as an herbal medicine for
upset stomach, diarrhea and nausea is also well documented.
More recently, ginger has become the focus of intense interest in
the scientific community because of the antioxidant properties of
the key constituents of ginger extract, [6]-gingerol and [6]-shogaol,
which are collectively known as gingerols. Recent studies suggest
that ginger is a promising chemopreventive agent.
The gingerol receiving the most attention has been [6]-gingerol,
but it is [6]-shogaol, according to Sang’s preliminary results, that is
the stronger anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic agent.
“Our recent results showed that [6]-shogaol has greater growth
inhibitory activity—by about tenfold—on lung and colon cancer
cell lines than [6]-gingerol,” Sang notes.
Based on these findings, Sang will use the supplemental NIH
funds to study the bioavailability, biotransformation and lung-
cancer-preventive effect of ginger extract, with the aim of finding
the optimal doses of those extracts for studies in mice.
In addition, Sang says he wants to develop and standardize a more
active ginger extract preparation that will facilitate future pre-clinical
and clinical studies on the health benefit of ginger extracts.
According to Sang, bioavailability (the amount of a given dose
that the human body is able to absorb and render useful) is very
important in understanding the relationship between diet and cancer.
While many potential mechanisms have been proposed for utilizing
the disease preventive activities of bioactive food compounds,
most of those mechanisms are based on studies that use compound
concentrations that exceed what the body can readily absorb.
To clarify the key question of which mechanisms developed in
vitro are also relevant in vivo, Sang believes it is essential to make
careful correlations between effective concentrations (the amount
necessary to observe a desired effect) in vitro with those observed
in vivo. And in order to do that properly, a complete understanding
of bioavailability and biotransformation is needed.
The result, Sang is sure, will be a greatly enhanced knowledge of
the biological activities of ginger and its key constituents.
professor of biology
DR. PERPETUA MUGANDA
QUICK FACTS
Education: B.S. in Biology, Lock Councilor. The Society consists
Haven State College; M.S. in predominantly of scientists,
Biochemistry, Howard University students and other interested
and Ph.D. in Biochemistry/ individuals from private,
Molecular Biology, Indiana corporate, government and
University university organizations. It
promotes the study of genetic
Post-doctoral training: Tumor
factors and environmental agents
Virology, Lineberger CRC, UNC-
that may pose a genetic risk to
Chapel Hill
humans, and provides a forum
Service: Genetics Environmental
faculty watch for discussion and interactions
Mutagenesis Society (GEMS) among scientists.
A
&T Professor of Biology Dr. Perpetua Muganda is the
principal investigator in a new study funded by a $419,000
grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). She and Muganda’s five-year NIH grant to
her team will conduct research on novel butadiene-induced genes
they discovered which may be targets of the p53 protein (p53), a study potential p53 target cells
protein in humans that can suppress tumor development. Muganda
and her team discovered the butadiene induced genes, perhaps as could lead to a breakthrough in
many as 20, while conducting research on an earlier NIH project
that focused on understanding the molecular toxicity of the known breast cancer research.
human carcinogen, butadiene.
Butadiene is an industrial compound released during the refining
of petroleum. “Butadiene is a very reactive gas, forming metabolites
in the atmosphere and in the body,” Muganda explained from her
laboratory in Hines Hall. It is highly toxic and heavily regulated,
since it is classified as a human carcinogen and damages DNA.
Muganda and her staff use containment to work with the most potent
active butadiene metabolite, diepoxybutane, which is a liquid and a
safe alternative to the gas.
As a counterpoint to the disruptive effects of diepoxybutane,
the p53 tumor suppressor gene plays a central role in maintaining
healthy tissue, and is thus critical for cell cycle regulation, controlling
cell division, stem cell renewal, DNA repair and even cell death.
“What p53 does is promote cell suicide if the cell is damaged,” says
Muganda. “It’s like, kill yourself for the good of the community so
you don’t pass on bad genes to your offspring.”
When the cell senses DNA damage, levels of the p53 protein
increase, stopping cell division so the damaged DNA can be
repaired. The p53 protein cooperates with, and induces the
production of protein from other genes in order to accomplish its
functions; the nature of these other proteins is dependent upon
Dr. Muganda’s research on a negative breast cancer phenotype in young African American
the type of cell, as well as the type of insult causing the damage.
women led to her discovery of the previously unidentified p53 target genes.
Muganda points out that as long as the p53 gene is functioning
properly, it is very hard for people to get tumors.
Discovered more than 30 years ago, p53 is one of the most studied
regulators of cell function. The discovery of additional potential p53
targets after so many years of intense investigation by other scientists
is remarkable, Muganda confirms with modesty and pride.
NC A&T STATE UNIVERSITY >> FALL 2010 21
||| FOCUS UNDERGRADUATES
thermal conductivity
Research Focus :
arthritiS, ULTRASONIC VIBRATION
& ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
FOUR UNDERGRADUATES AT NORTH CAROLINA
A&T STATE UNIVERSITY WERE RECOGNIZED AT
THE UNIVERSITY’S INAUGURAL UNDERGRADUATE
RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM COMPETITION.
Shauna Adams and Adrian Ambrose both won
first place recognitions with their respective
presentations on longitudinal heat transport
and the effects of age on the progression of
osteoarthritis.
The symposium was sponsored by the Office
of Undergraduate Research, which serves
as the nucleus for ongoing undergraduate
research activities on campus and to improve
the intellectual climate of the university by
increasing the number of students who are
engaged in such activities.
Twenty-eight students participated in two
categories: oral presentation and poster
presentation. Adams and Ambrose took first
place. Matthew Stanco was named runner-
up for “Measurement of Ultrasonic Vibration
Using Ultra-High Frequency CCD Laser.”
Jasmine Brooks was the poster category
runner-up for “Evaluation of Select Plant
Essential Oils as Potential Antimicrobials.”
Adams, a major in mechanical engineering,
received the Best Oral Presentation Award
for her presentation, which was titled
“Longitudinal Heat Transport as a Method for
the Determination of Thermal Conductivity.”
22 Evolution >> Research Moving Forward
Adams says the symposium gave her an
opportunity to try a new approach to
presenting her research, which, she hopes, will
help her later on in her academic career. Stating
that it didn’t matter whether her presentations
were for classmates, symposium judges, or
at conferences like the American Society for
Mechanical Engineers, Adams says that she
learned something from every experience at
the symposium that she could apply later to
the research grant application process.
Adams’ topic relates to thermo-engineering
and bioengineering, and explores ways of
identifying and measuring unknown materials
that might be discovered in space.
For Adrian Ambrose, winner of the
symposium’s Best Poster Award, neurology is
the most intriguing aspect of the body because,
he says, the brain controls everything.
“I’m fascinated by anatomy and physiology,”
the junior biology major from Roanoke,
Virginia, says. “Everything in the body goes
back to the brain.” Ambrose’s poster topic was
titled “The Effects of Age on the Progression of
Osteoarthritis and the Gene Expression in Mice,”
a research topic that grew out of a summer
spent at Wake Forest University working in
||| FOCUS UNDERGRADUATES
The undergraduate research symposium
was organized in conjunction with the North
Carolina Science Festival. The Festival
is a multi-day celebration showcasing
science and technology. Through hands-on
activities, science talks, lab tours, nature
experiences, exhibits and performances,
the Festival engages a wide range of
public audiences while inspiring the next
generation of scientists.
— www.ncsciencefestival.org
By David C. Wall
the laboratory of Dr. Jacquelyn Fetrow. “This
project was truly interdisciplinary,” he says.
Students from the math, biology, physics, bio-
physics and computer science departments
met for discussions each week. “It showed me
how each person could see the same project
from a very different perspective and how
important it is to be open to learning.”
Ambrose says Fetrow, and his advisor at A&T,
Dr. Gregory Goins, took a hands-off approach
to his poster design, allowing him to compile,
digest, arrange and, in the end, produce his
own presentation.
Clockwise from right: Shauna Adams
Both Ambrose and Adams praise the structure with her conductivity measurement
device; with her advisor, Dr. John
and organization of the first Undergraduate Kizito; Adrian Ambrose.
Research Symposium, saying it was a
challenging and educational experience. Adams
particularly enjoyed that a variety of students
participated, mentioning nursing students
and history majors who made convincing oral
presentations. Ambrose, too, was impressed
with the creativity and work that went into the
poster competition, saying he learned a lot just
by talking to the other presenters and learning
about their topics of interest.
NC A&T STATE UNIVERSITY >> FALL 2010 23
 teaching the teachers continued from page 9
Dr. Kea sitting with students in the Washington Elementary School library.
“the passion to push forward past stumbling
blocks,” she explains, “you’ll give up.” Lastly,
Kea sees the need for a mantra to help stay
the course. “Excellence is not an act but
a habit,” she says, quoting Aristotle. “No
matter what you do, or how insignificant it
may seem, it should be of excellent quality.”
Mission, passion, perseverance and self-
discipline make Kea a productive researcher
and an effective teacher. She strives to instill
the same characteristics in her students
through effective learning practices and
field experience.
“Research is critical for one’s personal
growth,” Kea states, “but research also
informs best practices. What better way to
say to your students: ‘This is what we know,
this is what we found.’ Teaching must be
informed with evidence-based practices.”
So, Kea is focusing on evidence-based
instructional strategies that work best with
culturally and linguistically diverse children
and youth with disabilities—“a tall order,”
Kea states simply.
Along with teaching and exploring those
strategies, Kea is also looking at how to best
prepare her teacher candidates to work
in diverse communities—something that
wasn’t part of the curriculum until recently.
“As the P-12 student population becomes
increasingly diverse, we must prepare teacher
candidates to engage culturally different
learners and their families in the teaching
and learning process. How can teacher
candidates be taught to bring elements of
the student’s culture into the classroom and
link classroom content to students’ lived and
community experiences to demonstrate that
culturally different students can learn?”
“North Carolina has been a black/white
state forever,” Kea says, pointing out that
24 Evolution >> Research Moving Forward
in the last ten years, with
the influx of many diverse
cultures, there has been a
major shift in demographics
across the state. A decade
ago, most of her teacher
candidates went back to rural
settings after graduation.
However, because of better
pay and a greater variety
of social options, graduates
began to seek jobs in urban
settings where classroom
challenges are different.
Kea’s former students found
themselves struggling in
diverse and multi-cultural
classrooms filled with non-
English-speaking students
and a new crop of special
needs.
In response, Kea held
focus group meetings with
former graduates currently teaching in city
school systems and from the information
gathered she developed an urban school
course.
“As a professor, I have to keep abreast
of the new knowledge,” Kea said. “I need
to share that information with our teacher
candidates to make sure they are viable, that
they are able to work with children and youth
and their families who are from culturally
and linguistically diverse backgrounds and
communities. That, too, is a tall order.”
Kea admits she does not have all the
answers, but she is confident she has made
significant inroads. And she is determined
to advance even further with a new
teaching initiative based on partnerships
with diverse schools.
“Our teacher candidates must be placed
in diverse settings,” Kea states firmly. “And
when I say placed, I mean they must conduct
field experiences, internships and complete
teacher residency programs in diverse
settings and communities so they can
become culturally responsive and be cultural
brokers in those communities.”
Kea is weary of hearing, on both the
state and national levels, that more should
be done to close the achievement gap
among the haves and the have-nots of our
educational system. In her mind, the size of
that gap has more to do with the teaching
end of the equation than the diversity of the
struggling student body.
“So much emphasis has been placed on
the student achievement gap,” Kea says. “I
think there’s a teaching gap. Meaning that
if we’re doing the job we should be doing,
then teachers should be able to teach and
reach all kids.” <<
TAKING ON ADDICTION continued from page 9
conglomeration of intertwined disciplines you have
to be aware of. There’s even chemistry involved if you
start talking about making the different substances
that individuals might abuse.”
Recently, Lusk received a five-year $750,000
Department of Education Rehabilitation Services
Grant. Seventy-five percent of the grant goes toward
supporting eight student scholarships, but a portion
of the money allows Lusk the luxury of release time
from course instruction. Having to only teach two
classes a semester instead of the usual three allows
her to be more focused on her research.
Lusk’s recent publications include an article in the
Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation on the decision-
making and problem-solving of adolescent girls with
disabilities. She also co-authored a book chapter,
“Substance Use Disorders and Disability: An
Examination of Co-occurring Disorders in Nigeria.”
The book chapter, part of Disabilities: Insights
from Across Fields and Around the World, Vol. 2,
published by the National Council on Rehabilitation
Education in 2009, was based on research she
conducted in Nigeria and investigates the question
of what constitutes successful addictions treatment.
“Not just treatment here in the United States,” Lusk
says, adding that some of the initial work was done
stateside, “but what works for people everywhere. We
wanted to know if there were aspects of treatment in
different places that could be pulled together in order
to develop a more comprehensive and complete
treatment process for addiction.”
Lusk has also spent time researching Indonesian
treatment facilities. She received funding which
enabled a graduate student assistant to travel to
Indonesia to conduct research there, and two
researchers from facilities in Jakarta visited A&T,
where they presented their research at the second
Rehabilitation of Racial and Ethnic Minorities with
Behavioral Addictions conference.
Even half a world away, she says, the problems of
drug addiction are as familiar and prevalent as they
are here at home.
“The same trends, the same substances,” Lusk says.
“We looked at the most popular drugs: marijuana,
alcohol and cocaine. Alcohol seemed to be a little
more prominent just because of easier access and
we found that prescription drug abuse was not as
prevalent as it is here.”
Though the sources of abuse were quite similar,
Lusk found a very different approach to treatment in
both Indonesia and Africa—most notably the lack
of funding and treatment options. In addition, there
is a strong social stigma associated with substance
use and treatment that keeps many abusers from
seeking help.
“This is particularly true for women,” Lusk says,
recalling that in Nigeria, women had to ask permission
to seek treatment. “Another problem is the lack of
follow-up. There is no aftercare. Here in the United
States there is generally outpatient treatment or group
therapy. Here, an individual has access to many
different options that they don’t in Nigeria.” <<
LOCATION. LOCATION. LOCATION. continued from page 10
bank, they’re not so sure. “
With this study researchers put to rest another stereotype about military
personnel being targeted by the payday lending industry. Burkey says there
was no evidence to support that assumption, at least not in North Carolina.
The payday study yielded a published paper for Burkey and Simkins and a
conference presentation, which Burkey says is the normal sequence of events
in the search for funding to further, or complete, research on a study.
“You don’t necessarily have to publish anything on the subject,” Burkey explains,
“but you have to do enough research to prove that your idea is viable.”
Conference presentations offer comparison and conversation among
colleagues, and published articles provide peer review feedback, all of which
is poured into grant applications to funding agencies like the National Science
Foundation or the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
“My longest running project, still unpublished, is looking at the location
of liquor stores,” Burkey says. “It’s a statistical way to look at the number
of bottles of liquor a group of people buy per year and the distance those
people have to drive to get to a liquor store. Then I ask the question, is there a
relationship between those two things? If so, what is it and how does it affect
their behavior?”
Burkey says he began work on the idea back in 1995 and is still tweaking
the information, but with the support of a recent NIH grant, he hopes to finish
up the project before the end of fall semester.
Academy of Teaching & Learning continued from page 10
Locating research funding is something Simkins has down to a science.
“I’m an economist by background,” he says, “but my research is in economic
education or the teaching and learning of economics.”
Economic education is not about about economic theory or the
application of policy, according to Simkins. Rather, it’s about adapting
teaching innovations developed in other STEM disciplines and using them to
help economists step away from uninspired, lecture-style teaching pedagogy
in the classroom.
A noted textbook by Michael Watts and William Becker cites Simkins
and addresses the problem with teaching economics to undergraduates,
describing the lecture-style format as one established by “convenience,
custom and inertia,” instead of efficiency or effective teaching practices.
Simkins’ economics education projects have been awarded three
consecutive NSF grants. The first was funding for a study on
adapting a teaching method—‘Just in Time Teaching”—used
in physics education to economics education. The project
started nine years ago and led to a book, aptly named just-in-
time teaching, co-edited by Mark B. Maker and published this
last fall by Stylus Publishing.
The first research project led to a second funded study
which looked at the adaptability for economics education of five
innovative STEM teaching methods and assessment techniques.
The current NSF grant, carrying a value of just under a half million
dollars, is to develop a pedagogical portal for economists called
Starting Point.
“Starting Point is based on a web portal that was developed for the geo
sciences,” Simkins says. “We wanted to make use of that infrastructure
and [create a portal] to learn about research-based teaching methods.
And it is not just for economists—it’s a resource that can be repurposed
for lots of different disciplines.”
And does his research ever find its way into the classroom? “I show up on
the first day of statistics class with an armful of research reports and some of
my own publications,” Burkey says joyfully.
Is there a correlation between
the number of bottles of liquor
a person buys and the distance
to the liquor store?
Another reason he uses his personal means, standard deviations, minimums,
maximums and cross tabulations is to show students there is practical
application for what they will learn in this class.
“I want them to know I don’t just teach this,” Burkey says. “I do this. So, for
example, when I bring out my red light camera paper we’ll talk about getting
tickets in the mail and that accidents weren’t reduced at those intersections
and the students will say, ‘Yeah, I knew it, they just want the money.’ And
I’ll say, ‘Well, maybe they thought they were going to reduce accidents but it
doesn’t look like they did.’”
Burkey says the more he teaches the better he gets at doing research. And
the more he does research, the more he discovers new topics and statistical
tools he can share with his students. <<
Simkins says he isn’t conflicted at all about his dual role as a facilitator of
faculty enhancement and economic researcher. In fact, he believes the two
dovetail nicely and give him an added credibility when he is exhorting young
faculty members on the merits of academic diligence.
“It makes what I say more believable,” Simkins explains. “They realize I
am speaking from experience when I tell them, ‘yes, you can teach and do
research at the same time and here are the resources we have to help you
do that.’”
He goes on to say that the emphasis on the scholarship of teaching and
learning remains an important priority for the administration at A&T. “We
are working to have the scholarship of teaching and learning recognized
along with discovery research, or application research, where
the discovery knowledge is applied to create new things and
new procedures.”
Simkins says he and his colleagues hope to understand
what neurobiologists and leading scientists have found out
about learning and apply that to creating environments
that are conducive to student achievement.
“Encouraging faculty to also think about doing
scholarship in their classrooms—empirical work—on
the teaching and learning of their particular subject is
very important,” Simkins says, “ It’s in the university’s
best interests to help them generate new knowledge
and help them succeed as faculty members and to
get better as a teachers in the classroom.” <<
CROSS-TRAINING: Simkins’ book outlines how
he adapts “just-in-time teaching” techniques developed in
physics education for the principles of economics.
NC A&T STATE UNIVERSITY >> FALL 2010 25
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UNDERGRADUATES &
GRADUATE STUDENTS :CALL FOR PAPERS
PRIDE: The Journal of Student Research
AT N O RT H C A RO LINA A &T S TAT E UNI V ER S I T Y

A PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL INAUGURAL ISSUE: FALL 2011

A&T Student Researchers: Don’t miss this opportunity to publish a scholarly paper on
your original research—a valuable addition to your graduate school application or CV.
• Open to all currently enrolled A&T graduate and undergraduate students.
• Students are encouraged but not required to work with faculty members.
• Faculty can be co-authors, but the student must be the first author listed.

DEADLINES: December 3, 2010: Abstracts due March 14, 2011: Papers due
March 28, 2011: Notifications to authors April 18, 2011: Revisions due

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