7.

Adsorption
1.OBJECTIVE:

To study the adsorption process by using activated carbon.

2.AIM :
To plot the graph between total dissolved substances (T D S) vs depth of adsoption
column which filled by coal.

3.APPARATUS:
1.adsorbate
2.fixed bed
3.experimental setup.

4.UTILITIES REQUIRED:

1.electric supply :single phase 220V AC,50Hz,5-15Amp cpmbined socket with earth connection.
2.water drain required(initial).
3.floor drain required.
4.raw material(initial fill).
5.activate carbon with experimental setup.

5.THEORY:
 Adsorption may be defined as selective concentration or retentionof one or more
components of a mixture on a solid surface.
 The solid that adsorbs a component is called the “adsorbent”and the component adsorbed is
called “adsorbate”.
 The adsorption process is a result of interaction between the adsorbate molecule and the
sarface of the adsorbent.
 The adsorption phenomena provides an excellent method of separation of variety of fluid
mixture particularly at low concentration and as such it is recognised as an important mass
transfer operation.
 The use of adsorption as a purification technique is pretty old.

 Famous common economical absorbents are:

1.Activated carbon.
2.Zeolites or molecular sieves
3.silica gel
4.activated alumina

Activated carbon:

➔ It is micro crystalline non-graphite of carbon a variety of carbonous new material are used
for preparation of activated carbon.
➔ Activated carbon has considerable hydrophobic characters.But it contains some oxygen
complexes atthe surface also called as surface oxide groups which are formed during the
activation stage.
➔ Produced activated carbon has an average particle size in range 15-25 micro meters

Experimental procedure:
1. Ensure that switches given on the panel are at off position.
2. Close all the valves.
 3. Fill the tank with water.
4. Connect power supply
5. switch on the mains on/off switch
6. switch on the circulation pump which is on the panel
7. wait until both adsorption column fill up with the water
8. after 10 min of interval take samples from adsorption column 1 at different locations
9. Takeout of the samples from adsorption column 2 at inlet and outlet
10. find out the electrical conductivities for the samples and note down the reading.
11. When experiment is over switch off the circulated pump
12. Switch off the power supply
13. drain the water from adsorption column

OBSERVATION TABLE:
S.NO Valve time(min) conductivity(ms) Fixed bed height (hf)
in cm