TEACHING ENGLISH BY USING PICTURES TO IMPROVE THE

STUDENTS’ VOCOBULARY SCOPE ALL MIDDLE SCHOOLS IN

WAMENA-JAYAWIJAYA

CHAPTER I
INTODUCTION
1.1 Background Of The study
The Indonesia language is the national language of Indonesia. Therefore, English have
to be learned because it is so important language for entire nations. This fact is had been
acknowledged by the National Department of Educational. Therefore, the English lesson must
be learned by everyone. According to the Directorial Jenderal, the elementary and secondary
school, the department of cultural and educational cited; basically language is a tool to deliver
the thought, opinion and feelings. English is the first foreign language in Indonesia. It is
important to use for development of knowledge, technology and cultural and build relationship
with the other country in the world. Therefore, English must be taught using the proper English
methods.
The English method that the English teacher uses to teach in the schools for the English
lesson is teaching vocabulary by using media pictures to explain to the students to improve
their vocabularies. Using media picture in learning English can help the students’
improvement of English vocabulary. This is the way the researcher used as an instrument to
solved or found the students’ improvement of the vocabulary in the class.
Since words not created equal in terms of their frequency, National (2002, P.6-7)
Divided the words into four categories. They are follows:
1. High Frequency Words
“These consist of around 2,000 words families and include most of the 175 function words
(words that are nouns, verbs, adjectives or adverbs) as well as content words like help, different,
day and often. These 2000 high frequency words can account for 80% to 90% of the running
words in text depending on what kind of text being counted. It is possible to say and write most
of what we need to say and write in our daily life mainly using only these words, although
native speakers do not limit themselves in this way”.

2. Academic words
“The academic words of a language are those words that are common in academic texts from
a wide variety of disciplines and which are not in the most frequent 2002 words of English”.
 3. Technical words
“Each subject area has its own special technical vocabulary. Some of this technical vocabulary
consists of high frequency words and words from the academic words list which are very
common and have narrowed meaning in special subject are”.
4. Low Frequency words
“The fourth group of words consists of all those that are not in the previous three group’s
technical vocabulary may be another person’ low frequency vocabulary. The low frequency
words include words like adumbrate (illusion) and gibbous (telling). About 60% of the low
frequency words of English come from French, Latin and Greek”
Learning a language is actually just a matter of repetition. The more we hear and use
the words, the faster we will acquire and use conversation. Teaching vocabulary should be
started frequently used on the topic being discussed because we will be more likely to acquire
them. Some people’s high frequency words are different from the others. Therefore we have to
be aware of that.
Form this kind of method of teaching and studying English, the best is the last part
because the purpose teaching and gathering the information is in all the junior high schools,
how the teachers applied the right frequency words in teaching vocabulary by using media
pictures in all the junior high schools in Wamena.
Picture is one tool that can help the students’ visual reflection of the object to show the
meaning of the right vocabulary.
1.2 Limitation of the research
The limitation of the study were
1. Using media picture implemented as one teaching strategy technical for help
the students’ improvement of the English vocabulary in all junior high schools in Wamena.
2. The media picture can help the students to understand the vocabulary to
increase the vocabulary in all the students in Wamena especially junior high schools.
3. Survey action research will be applied in doing research in all the junior high
schools, in Wamena, Jayawijaya, and Papua.
4. Survey action research will be one of the ways to provide guidance or questions
for the teacher to conduct media picture to see the improvement of the help of media picture in
teaching vocabulary in all the junior high schools in Wamena.
 1.3 Formulation of the research
1. Is the media picture improving the students’ vocabulary in English language in
all Junior high schools in Wamena?
2. How do the media pictures improve the students’ vocabulary in all junior high
schools in Wamena?

1.4 Purpose of the research

The purposes of the research are mainly to answer the questions previously sated on the
statement of formulation of the research.
1. To see the students’ understanding of the vocabulary of the English in all the
junior high schools in Wamena, so that all the students can be compete with other students in
outside of the Jayawijaya regency, the media pictures will help the students to improve the
English vocabulary.
2. To know and consider how well the students have learn the English vocabulary
using the media picture and understand them as they applied in their lives. It is true with this
statement because of all the students in Wamena understand the vocabulary because of the help
of the media picture in explaining the vocabulary in English.

1.5 The significance of the research

In this research, there were two significant of the research;
1. The significant of this research is to report to Jayawijaya Educational
Department in Wamena Regency about teaching English methods which were using by English
teacher at SMP N 1, SMP YPPK, SMP YPK Bethlehem, SMP Yakpesmi, SMP Yapis, SMP
PGRI, SMP Yasores and SMP PGRI.
2. The result of this research will be an input for the principle of each school in
district of Wamena City about to indentify the strength and weakness of teaching and learning
English methods and to repair about process of learning innovatively.
3. This finding of this research will be a reference for students who want to
research more about English methods.
1.6 Definition of the terms
1.6.1 Media Picture
 Media picture is a paint of the illustration of the people or things that the teacher uses
to explain the method to the students to understand well.
“Bentuk visual bisa befupa (a) gambar representasi seperti gambar, lukisan atau foto
yang menunjukan bagaimana tampaknya sesuatu benda;” (Arsyad, 2011:p91)
Forms of visual can be a picture to represent as picture, art or photo that shows how the
object is. In using of media picture can represent the picture to describe or illustrate the
vocabulary. In order to understand the vocabulary the teacher must use the picture to
demonstrate the vocabulary using media picture to understand by the students.

1.6.2 Definition of the Picture

Picture is a painting or drawing representation a person or thing that replace as object
can be represented to the subject or receiver to get the point or understand the main point from
the picture.
Picture is a painting or drawing, representing a person or thing; (Webster’1958.P.550)
and
“Gambar adalah tiruan gambar atau bentuk yang di coretkan pada kertas. (Daryanto
Kamus bahasa indonesia lengkap 1997:p.212)”
The picture is a copy of imitation or form that painted into the papers, this statement is
based on the Indonesia Dictionary that the researcher took from.

1.6.3 The English Vocabulary

The English Vocabulary is a word that the people usually use every day to communicate
each other. In this paper the researcher will write only English vocabulary.

1.6.4 Definition of the vocabulary

The Vocabulary is a collection of words of a language, science, etc, arranged
alphabetically and explained; number of words a person uses in speech or writing (Webster’
1958; P. 818)
The vocabulary is the meaning and pronunciation of words that we use in
communication. It is simply the number of words that we understand or can actively use to
listen, speak, read, or write. (Tankersley’2003.p.52)
 1.6.5 The definition of the students
The students are groups of people who are in the classroom to gain the knowledge. The
students are whoever learning skills or non-skills to know something by a leader or a teacher
is call students.
A student is a person who is studying at a school, college, university, etc.
(Oxpord’1997; p.1525)
Students is one who is engaged in study; scholar; one devoted to books or learning;
systematic observer (Webster’1985; p.720)

1.6.6 The definition of Improve/Improvement

The Improve is to make better; turn to account intensify; to grow better.
The Improvement is advancement of anything from good to better; profitable use or
application of anything; that by which the value of anything; especially property, is advanced;
betterments.
(Webster’1985; p.378)
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE OF REVIEW
2.1 Definition of the media picture
The word media is derived from Latin word medius which is mean “middle”. Irabic,
media means mediator or someone who transfers messages from sender to receiver (Arsyad,
2004, p.3). the word media in Indonesia is “alat-alat (sarana) komunikasi seperti, Koran,
majalah, radio, televisi, dan sebagainya” communication tool such as magazine, newspapers,
radio, television and any other things else. (Daryanto, 1997, P. 431)
In general the word media originally from “medium” it’s mean mediator or massager.
The word occur for all activities or hot in the technician department, technical term of media
is using in education area that is why terms being media education and media learning. in order
to say media, is to say tool, the media is tool that the teacher use them to explain to the students
to understand the topic of teaching. In general media is medium, it present as connector or a
bridge. The word media is a tool that helps the people to see between different forms but the
same kind of the things based on the object or the receiver or the subject (group of people) hope
to know.
The role of media in conveying the message is very crucial. It actually bridges the gap
between the two parties of sender and receiver so that the message can be understood.
 Media picture is media from as reproduction the real form in two dimensions such as
photo or arts (Rohani 1997.21) the main purpose to slide this kind of picture is for visualized
the concept that want to tell to the students (Arsyat, 2006;P.113) (Musfigon. 2012: p. 73).
The media is tool to slide the object of two dimensions to explain to the students to be
understood and apply it.

2.2 The function of the media picture

The function of media picture is to slide or to visualized the concept that to tell to
students to be understood.
Tujuan utama penampilan sebagai jenis gambar ini adalah untuk memvisualisasikan konsep yang
ingin disampaikan kepada siswa (Arsyad, 2006; 113) (Musfiqon, 2012:p.73)
The function to slide of the picture is for visualized the concept that want to tell to the
students to be understood. (Arsyat, 2006:p.113) (Musfiqon, 2012:p.73).

2.3 Characteristic of the picture

These are some characteristics of media which are traditional media, modern media;
there are some media forecast/projection, media visual, media audio, and media kinesthetic and
others. But here the researcher has been chosen only one media, which is media visual.
Because there are some characteristic that can be reasonable for the researcher to do
survey research in the schools. These are the reason that the researcher has:
1. Concrete; picture/photo more realistic to show the basic problem to compare verbal only
media.
2. Picture can solve the limitation of time and place.
3. Media picture or photo can solve our weakness of research.
4. Photo or picture can make clear a problem, in every area and for the level of ages can help the
prospective or our sight of different things.
5. The picture can get without paying much money and also we can draw ourselves to explain the
lesson.
These are characteristics of media picture, we cannot bring the things or the event but
we can bring only a picture to describe the situation using a picture, so to explain using media
picture is really best way to do in the classroom. We can bring many things as teaching
materials but we can draw the picture of the things in a paper.
 Example to teach about the vocabulary of car, it is difficult to bring the real car inside
to say this is the car but the picture that the teacher has draw like a car and bring in the classroom
then it will help the students to understand the car is like and also the vocabulary of the car.
These are some characteristic of the picture
1. Concrete; picture/photo more realistic to show the basic problem to compare verbal only
media.
2. Picture can solve the limitation of time and place.
3. Media picture or photos can solve our weakness of perspective.
Based on the researchers who research this method that the picture is easy way to solve
the students’ problem to know something in the classroom and it will help the students’
understanding of the vocabulary.

2.4 The use of the media picture

The use of media picture to teach the vocabulary in school is giving good clarification
of the vocabulary to the students to get or understand the point, mainly vocabulary; easy way
to teach to students’ vocabulary is using media visual.
Here are some useful of using media picture in the classroom to teach the students in
the classroom:
1. Media picture (visual) can help the students’ improving (example through elaboration of
structure and organization) and to remind the students to remember.
2. Using media picture to draw the differentiation of the concepts, into one concept in two things
in one place to be understood by the students.
3. The use of media picture is to slide or visualize the real object is a picture to be clear for the
students to know and understand the vocabulary.
These are the use of the media picture; the picture has unique because two things can
combine into one. The students are able to understand two things for the same vocabulary. The
use of the picture can help the students to understand the vocabulary.
“Tujuan utama penampilan berbagai jenis gambar ini adalah untuk memvisualisasikan
konsep yang di sampaikan kepada siswa (Arsyad, 2006:113) (Musfigon, 2012:p.73)”
The main purpose show kind of picture is to visualized concept which has been taught
to the students.

2.5 The Benefit of the Media picture

 There are some benefits of the media picture that the researcher has are:
1. The media picture can helps the researchers to solve the students in teaching
vocabulary in the school by using it, because the researcher cannot bring the real material so
the classroom to teach vocabulary.
2. Media picture helps the students to memorize easy and always remember it.
3. Not get wrong perception of the vocabulary but they will get real and
understand the vocabulary by using media picture, media picture will help students to bring the
real area through the picture.
These are main benefit of media picture to teach the students about the vocabulary in
the junior high schools in Wamena.

Getting students’ knowledge as illustrated by Edgar Dale it show that knowledge will
become more abstract if only say a word in verbal. So, the teacher has to use the media picture
or the important thing is using the words of nonverbal in the classroom. So that the perception
of the students about the picture in concrete, the message that has been given in the picture will
be achieve the goal and the purpose, in archiving the goal the teachers reach to the students and
demonstrate the picture and the vocabulary in real condition to bring the students to the
real. (Musfiqon, 2012:p.75)”.
So, using this method (media picture method) will help the students to understand the
vocabulary.

2.2 The Definition of Vocabulary

Vocabulary is the meaning and pronunciation of words that we use in communication.
It is simply the number of words that we understand or can actively use to listen, speak, read,
or write. (Tankersley 2003:p.52)
According to Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (2007,/.1701). Vocabulary is a
list of words with their meanings, especially in a book for learning a foreign language. Collins
English dictionary (1994, p.1718) defines Vocabulary as a listing, either selective or
exhaustive, containing the words and phrases of a language with meanings or translations into
another language. And according to Webster’s New School and Office Dictionary (1958:p.818)
Vocabulary is a collection of words of a language, science, etc, arranged alphabetically and
explained; number of words a person uses in speech or writing.
 Based on the definition of these five sources, vocabulary is a team of words that has in
a language that categorizes or characterize the language itself. Vocabulary is not merely a word
but it also a meaning of the words that other people need to know and understand.

2.2.1 Why vocabulary should be studied

There are some reasons why the students should be study the vocabulary especially in
. Vocabulary should be learning as a part of language acquisition.
Learning vocabulary words has a strong impact on students’ comprehension of what
they are reading (Nagy % Scott, 2000). High frequency word lists help students should be
taught to read, write, and spell these high frequency words as soon as possible in their school
career. The more words students recognize automatically the greater their level of reading
fluency and comprehension. (Tankersley 2003:p.54)
According to Carter (2001:p.47) “Vocabulary teaching and learning is central to the
theory and practice of English language teaching. Words have a central place in culture, and
learning words is seen by many as they main task (and obstacle) is learning another language.
Interest in vocabulary from writers, students and teacher is likely to continue to growing at
record place”.

2.2.2 Determination of Vocabulary

Since words not created equal in terms of their frequency, National (2002, P.6-7)
Divided the words into four categories. They are follows:
1. High Frequency Words
 “These consist of around 2,000 words families and include most of the 175 function
words (words that are nouns, verbs, adjectives or adverbs) as well as content words like help,
different, day and often. These 2000 high frequency words can account for 80% to 90% of the
running words in text depending on what kind of text being counted. It is possible to say and
write most of what we need to say and write in our daily life mainly using only these words,
although native speakers do not limit themselves in this way”.

2. Academic words
“The academic words of a language are those words that are common in academic texts
from a wide variety of disciplines and which are not in the most frequent 2002 words of
English”.
3. Technical words
“Each subject area has its own special technical vocabulary. Some of this technical
vocabulary consists of high frequency words and words from the academic words list which
are very common and have narrowed meaning in special subject are”.
4. Low Frequency words
“The fourth group of words consists of all those that are not in the previous three
group’s technical vocabulary may be another person’ low frequency vocabulary. The low
frequency words include words like adumbrate (illusion) and gibbous (telling). About 60% of
the low frequency words of English come from French, Latin and Greek”
Learning a language is actually just a matter of repetition. The more we hear and use
the words, the faster we will acquire and use the in conversation. Teaching vocabulary should
be started words that are frequency used on the topic being discussed because we will be more
likely to easily acquire them. Some people’s high frequency words are different from the others.
Therefore we have to be aware of that.
Form this kind of method of teaching and studying English, the best is the last part
because the purpose teaching and gathering the information is in all the junior high schools.

2.2.3 Principle for teaching vocabulary

In teaching vocabulary there are many principles for teaching the vocabulary, in this
classroom action research the researcher will not use the media picture to teach the vocabulary
to the students in all the middle schools in Wamena but the researcher had gathered the data
from the teachers in the schools. There are many Medias that the teachers have to use to teach
vocabulary but the researcher has been chosen the best one in media picture to survey, because
media picture has unique method because the teachers can bring two things into the
classroom.......
Paul (2005) said that the teaching vocabulary should be clear and simple without
complicated explanations. The teaching should draw upon the students’ previous knowledge
by showing a pattern of analogies. Based on this person that the teachers should teach the
students using media, using a tool that can helps the students to understand clearly of the
English vocabulary to be understood by the students in the classroom.

2.2.4 How do students learn vocabulary?

The children are quick to learn the language and they can easy to catch the new
vocabulary easily. Philips (2003:p.68) claimed that “young children are quick to learn words,
slower to learn structure. The students or the children are not supported in learning vocabulary
without picture but the children really like to learn or read the book that has a lot of picture in
but, the children may have learn the vocabulary while doing the coloring on the picture while
reading the vocabulary, so in this case the students happy to study vocabulary. The students
feel boredom if the vocabulary has no picture in it. The researchers assumed that all the
secondary students in Wamena are like to study and understand the vocabulary if they change
that vocabulary into the real things by drawing the picture in their book or on the blackboard.
Identification of the printed word begins with a visual process that concentrates on the
visual forms of the letters that make up the word. After the initial identifications of the word is
made, it s the context of the sentence that may determine word meaning and even the
pronunciation of the word. (Tankersley’2003:p.53)

2.2.5 The students’ improving of the English Vocabulary

The students will improve the vocabulary and apply the vocabulary in the class or
outside as their second language, the students also will face the globalization new era. It is
important to study English and collected the vocabulary as many as they can by using the media
picture, it is good to learn English and know the vocabulary and speak English. The good media
to use to teach the students to learn the vocabulary and improve is using media picture. The
 students will decrease or improve their vocabulary if the teacher use media picture to teach the
students in all the junior schools.

2.2.6 How to teach vocabulary by using media picture?

Obviously there are many kinds of media that can be used to aid the teaching learning
process run well. The media presented below are the media that the teacher used to teach and
explain the vocabulary to the students during the class studying the English especially to learn
new vocabulary in all the junior high schools in Jayawijaya.

2.3 Framework
The improvement of the English vocabulary
Below are the framework that the researcher are going go survey with, it can say indicator for
the survey in all the schools especially junior high schools in Wamena Jayawijaya.

The media pictures

Indicators:
1. Concrete
2. The media picture combines two things into one from the different distance.
3. Reproduction of form
(Musfiqon. 2012; p.73)
Indicators:
1. Increase
2. Memorize
3. Apply
4. Influence
5. Clarification
6. Recall
7. Document
8. Skills
 Y
X

X = independent variable
Y = dependent variable
Why it said that because the x will influence or impact to Y.
The media pictures are the tools or the instrument that will help the students to improve
the English vocabulary as their new second language.

2.1 hypothesis
Ho: The using of media picture will not improve the students’ English vocabulary.
Ha: The using of media picture will improve the students’ English vocabulary.

CHAPTER III
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
In this research, the researcher will use descriptive survey method to gather
information; it is because the aim of this research was to see about the implementation of
English method in middle high schools at entire schools in Wamena city. As explained in
(metode Penelitian Survey 2012:p166), the descriptive survey conducted was to explain about
what is happening now.
According to F.C.Dane,(2000) Survey research is research that gather or aim data in
current situation. While according to W.E. Deming, (2000) Survey research is the research that
cannot change the form from the original to the different form that has been exist. And the
purpose of survey research is to descriptive of the event in the real and natural truth that exist,
and to give solution to entire foundation or the government those who are running to get the
best quality of the students and also for application in the class. (Sopiah, 2010:P.25)
In this case the researcher gathers the information in the entire middle schools in
Wamena, to get the natural information about the way of treating the students especially in
learning vocabulary by using media pictures.
3.2 Source of research (Population and sample, Place and Time research)
There are 10 (ten) middle schools in district of Wamena city. Those schools become
the population in this research. Although, this research will be purposive to get sample because
the researcher had been chosen 5 schools from the 10 schools as sample. The technique of
determining the sample is the probability sampling because 5 schools will be representative of
population. The samples of this research are SMP Yakpesmi, SMP N 1, SMP YPPK, SMP
PGRI, and SMP Yasores.
In this research, the data would be taken from teachers who are teaching English at
grade 2 middle schools in the district of Wamena city. The purpose of this research is to see
the improvement of English vocabulary by helping of the media picture. This research was
conducted in one month, in January to February 2013.

3.3 Research Instruments

In this research, the researcher is going have two instruments to collect the data from
each school, the purpose in getting or collecting data is for the teachers and the students in the
schools that the researcher will choose to determine the data.
1. Questioner
 2. Test
1. Questioner
Questioner is plenty of written statement/questions which were given to get the data from the
respondent (Sangadji and Sopiah 2010; p.151). Therefore, the questioner or researcher was
given to the respondent in the form of list of the questions, so that the respondent could give a
check on the questions lists. The researcher has been chosen this instrument because it gave
the perfect and real data from the destination fields.
2. Test
Test is one of the best instruments to get data; there are two kinds of test, direct and continuous
test. Continuous test is need time, give the students with different materials, different time but
the same sample, but for the direct test, give test only one time, to see or to get the result of
research.(Sugiyono, 2009), so, the researcher is going to use the direct test to get the data, but
the test will given by the English teacher in the classroom.

1.1 Table of technical and data collection

Numbers Variable indicators instrument The form of The source of
instrument taking data
1 The media 1. Concrete 1.questioner The The English
picture 2. The media picture questioners teacher in
combines two things into sheets every schools
one from the difference in Jayawijaya
distance.
2 The 1. increase 1. Test Test (cross The checklist
improve of2. memorize the picture into would be
students’ 3. apply the words by given to the
English 4. influence using pen) students in
vocabulary5. clarification the middle
6. recall schools in
7. document Jayawijaya.
8. skill
9. analyze
10. understanding

3.4 Techniques of collecting data

 Here in this research, the researcher has been picked up as a right chosen method used
to get the data was Survey method. Specifically, pick up survey is a part of the survey which is
taking the data by giving the statement to the respondent by researcher and takes the result of
the research by researcher as well (Jogiyanto 2011;P.10). However, the researcher will be given
directly to the respondent at each school to gather the data and the result must be taken by the
researcher himself to combine all the data in the paper report. According to (singafimbun,
Efendi 2006) in Metodology Penelitian (2010; p 53) has been written that there are three
important steps for survey namely, Preparing the questioner, Choose the sample, and collect
the data by questioner.

The three steps of collecting data explain clearly below:

1. Preparing the questioner.
Preparing the questioners to give to the English teacher to collect the data, the researcher
will give two forms, first is questioner, the goal of questioner is to get the data from the teacher
about the how they apply to explain using media picture in the classroom. And the second is
giving the test to the students through helping of the English teacher in every school that the
researcher has been chosen as samples. The purpose is to see improvement of vocabulary
through helping of the media picture during the explanation in the classroom.
2. Giving the questioner.
The questioner should be divided to the English teacher and students in 5 schools in the
district of Wamena City. Especially several schools that the researcher had been chosen to take
the samples of this research. Before giving the questioner and test, the researcher should give
more detail on how to fill the questions and answer the test to English teacher, so that, he or
she could explain well based on researcher hopes. If there is no English teacher at school he
will ask to the principle of the school to help him to contact the English teacher. Therefore, he
should explain how to fill the questioner and test to the principle as well, so that, the principle
could explain to English teacher how to fill them up. After all, the researcher will give chance
about one week to feel the questions.
 3. Collecting data
The data that need to be collected is Do the schools are using the media picture to explain
the English vocabulary to the students? And how the students improve their vocabulary by
helping of the media picture?
The data will be used for see the improvement of the vocabulary in each school especially
middle schools, the research will give the concluding that it is the best to apply this material to
all the middle schools in Wamena city
The questions of the questioners and the test will be inserted in the last pages, as a example
of the research instrument, to collect the data, in this research the researcher will give the
questioners to the teachers and the test to the students, but in the test the researcher will prepare
the matching vocabulary to the picture. In order to check their improvement of the vocabulary,
the number the test will be about thirteen for the test, the topic of the is things in the classroom.
And for the teacher is to check how they tread the students in teaching by using media picture
to teach vocabulary.

1.5 Techniques analysis data

The researcher has been chosen the formulation of techniques analysis research data
based on (Sugiyono, 2009), for examine difference trick according to formulation significant
use T- test) has been written below!
The r formula based on the Sugiyono for analyzed the data.

Clarification of the formula:

T= table
X1= higher score
X2= lower score
N1= higher amount of total
N2= lower amount of total
By this formula the research will analysis the data based the result will be taken in
January to February 2013, in all junior high school in the District of Wamena Jayawijaya.