4 Mark Questions

 2 questions in exam of 4 marks. part a of every question in section b.

 just write 5 to 6 general facts about the topic being asked by the
question.

 dont spend more than 4 minutes on this part.

Some 4 mark questions(section 1)
Chapters Covered: decline of Mughal Empire, Start of British Rule and
Reformers
Questions:
1- Who was Auranzeb?
2- What was jizya?
3- Who were Marathas?
4- Who was sivaji?
5- Who was Robert clive?
6- Describe the battle of buxar?
7- Describe the battle of Plessey?
8- Who was tipu Sultan?
9- Who was Black Hole event?
10- What was Pitt’s India Act 1784?
11- What was subsidiary Alliance?
12- What was the regulating act 1773?
13- Who was Warren Hastings?
14- What was suttee?
15- Who were thugees?
16- Who was Titu Mir?
17- Who were faraizis?
18- Who were Mujahideens?
19- Who was Siraj-ud-Daullah?
20- Who was Nadir Shah?
21- Who was Ahmed Shah Abdali\Durrani?
Answers:
1. He was the sixth Mughal Emperor. His father was Shah Jehan and Mother was
Mumtaz Mehal. He was an Islamic ruler and imposed the Jizya Tax. He divided his
empire into his three sons.
2. It was a tax on non-muslims living in an Islamic country. This tax was stopped
by Akbar but restarted by Auranzeb. This was a reason for uprising against
auranzeb.
3. They were a group in Southern India. Under the leadership of Shivaji a large
Maratha empire was established their leader was called peshwa. They were
defeated by ahmed shah.
4. He was a Maratha Leader. He founded the Maratha empire. He was a ruthless
leader. He was born in pune. He promoted Sanskrit.
5. He was a british officer in india. He was also known as clive of india. He is seen
as founder of British India. He commanded the british army in battle of plassey and
defeated the Nawab’s forces. He was made the nawab of Bengal.
6. The Battle of Buxar was fought between the forces of under the command of the
British East India Company led by Hector Munro, and the combined armies of Mir
Qasim, the Nawab of Bengal; Shuja-ud-Daula the Nawab of Awadh; the Mughal
Emperor Shah Alam. The battle fought at Buxar, then within the territory of
Bengal, a town located on the bank of the Ganges river, was a decisive victory for
the British East India Company.
7. It was a battle between the British East India Company and the forces of Siraj-
ud-din and his French Allies. British defeated the larger army of Siraj. It was
because clive bribed the Mir Jafar. He was made the Nawab of Bengal.
8. He was the ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore. He was son of Haider Ali. He was
also known as tiger of Mysore. He won first 2 Anglo-Mysore wars but was died in
4th Anglo-Mysore War.
9. The Black Hole of Calcutta was a small dungeon in the old Fort William, at
Calcutta. There the troops of the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, held British
prisoners of war after the capture of the Fort. 123 prisoners died out of 146
prisoners held.
10. Pitt's India Act was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain intended bring the
East India Company's rule in India under the control of the British Government.
Pitt's India Act provided for the appointment of a Board of Control, and provided
for a joint government of British India by both the Company and the Crown. A
governing board was constituted with six members.
11. The doctrine of subsidiary alliance was introduced by Marquess Wellesley.
Many small rulers signed it as it gave them security against attack by their
neighbours.The Nizam of Hyderabad was the first to enter into such an alliance.
Tipu Sultan of Mysore refused to do so, but after the British victory in the Fourth
Anglo-Mysore War, Mysore was forced to become a subsidiary state. The Nawab
of Awadh was the next to accept the Subsidiary Alliance.
12. The Regulating Act of 1773 was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain
intended to overhaul the management of the East India Company's rule in India. It
was replaced by Pitts India act later. It made the East India Company accountable
to British parliament.
13. He was the first Governor-General of India. Hasten extended his rule by wars
against Haider Ali of Mysore, his son Tipu and with Marathas. He was accused to
bribery and corruption and there was a trial against him in Britain. He was cleared
but his reputation was destroyed.
14. It was an Indian ritual in which the widows were also burned with the dead
husband. This was first banned by Auranzeb. British Missionaries also tried to ban
it but this bold step was taken by Bentinck.
15. They were armed robbers in upper and central India. They claimed that they
serve a Goddess. They murdered their victims. In 1830 all the thugges were caught
and dealt with by british Colonel Sleeman.
16. His real name was Mir Mithar Ali. He was a disciple of syed ahmed. His
followers were known as hajis. He famous struggle was against the hindu land
lords who took tax on beard. He was killed by british.
17. Faraizis were the people who followed HSU. They were the people of Faraizi
Movement. They emphasized on praying for past sins and following all the
obligations.
18. Mujahideens were the people of army of SASB. They did jihad which means to
fight in way of God. They defeated Sikhs several times but they were finally killed
in large numbers in the Valley of Balakot.
19. He was the last independent Nawab of Bengal. He attacked the the British
presidency of Calcutta and conquered it. But when Clive’s forces arrived he was
defeated. This was due to conspiracy of his men Mir Jafar. He was executed by
british.
20. He was a leader of Persia. Nadir Shah entered the Mughal empire from
Afghanistan. He captured the Lahore,Peshawar,Kabul and then delhi and looted all
the wealth including the Peacock throne. He returned leaving the empire looted and
burnt.
21. He was the Afghan general and leader of Persian army. He was called by Shah
Wali Ullah to fight with the marathas. In battle of panipat he defeated the marathas.
Instead of ruling himself he made ahmed shah(muhannad shah’s son) as the
emperor and left.
What More?
1- What was battle of Kanpur/nana Sahiv?
2- What was meerut rebellion?
3- What was greased catridges issue?
4- Who was Laxmi Bai?
5- How poets contributed to the promotion of urdu/Punjabi/balochi/sindhi?
6- How Pakistan has promoted the urdu/Punjabi/balochi/sindhi?
7- What was nadrath issue?
8- What was (all the gazzets of Sir Syed)?
Answers in book

mostly asked question:-

What is Doctrine of lapse?[4]
 Introduced by lord dalhoisue
 in 1852
 It said that if a ruler died without leaving any natural heir then britsh
would annex his lands.
 Soon many areas such as jhansi oudh and others fell into brtish hands.
 Indians showed resistance to this as they considered this as an excuse
to take away their lands.

Some Questions (section 2)

Chapter no. 6 (1885 to 1927)
Questions:
1- What was congress?
2- What was muslim league?
3- Describe simla deputation?
4- What were MM reforms?
5- What was lucknow Pact?
6- What were MC reforms 1919?
7- What was Rowlatt’s act?
8- What was Jallian walla bagh/ Amritsar massacre?
9- Who was General Dyer?
10- What was Hunter committee?
11- What was Arya Samaj?
12- Who was Pundit Mohan Malaviya?
13- What were Delhi proposals?
14- What was diarchy?
15- What was defence of india act?
16- What were balikan wars?
Answers:
1- It was an Indian organization of represent their views to British. It was formed
in 1885 with help of Sir Hume and
Sir Henry Cotton. Later it became a political party under the leadership of Gandhi.
It was a Hindu dominated
body and there were only few idealist muslims in congress.
2- It was a Muslim’s Political Party formed to represent muslims to british. It was
formed in 1906. Agha Khan was
the first president. It passed Lahore resolution under the leadership of Jinnah in
1940. It achieved indepence
from british in 1947.
3- In 1906 36 muslims led by Agha Khan met Viceroy Lord Minto in Simla.
Muslims asked for more seats than their
actual population and muslim-only electorates. These were granted to then in MM
reforms.
4- These were introduced in India as Indian Council Act 1909 by lord morley and
Lord Minto to give increased share
to Indians in the government. In this seats in imperial and central executive
councils were increased of Indians.
Muslims were given separate electorates and 1/3rd seats in all the elections.
5- In 1916 congress and Muslim League met in Lucknow. It was Jinnah who
persuaded both parties to meet.
Muslims’ demands of separate electorates and 1/3rd majority was accepted first
time by Indians. So they both
put their joint demands to british.
6- These were passed in 1919 as govt. of india act 1919 by lord Chelmsford and
Lord Montague. Two-house
National Parliament was started in india. A system of diarchy started in which
halves of the areas of
responsibilities were reserved and half of them were transferred to Indian
ministers. Now 5.5 million of Indian
population could vote.
7- In 1918 Justice Rowlatt recommended that the defence of india act should be
started permanently. Arrest
without warrant and prison without bail was introduced. This act was passed in
1919. There was huge
opposition to this act and Jinnah resigned to imperial legislative council.
8- Due to the strict measures of british, 20000 people including Muslims, Sikhs,
and Hindus gathered at Jallianwalla
bagh in Amritsar city. There were people of all ages and just gathered for peaceful
demontrsation. General Dyer
was to control the violence so he closed the narrow exits and ordered him army to
shoot at the crowd. More
than 400 people died and 1200 were wounded.
9- General Dyer was a british Indian army officer who was made a temporary
brigadier-general for controlling
Amritsar. He ordered his army to attack to a crowd in the jallianwalla bagh on
unarmed civilians who were
gathered for peaceful demonstration. Due to this he was investigated by hunter
committee in England. By it’s
investigation he was deposed of his services but later he became a hero among
british.
10- It was a British committee set up to investigate the Amritsar massacre. It asked
few questions to dyer and by it’s
findings it deposed dyer from his services.
11- It was founded by Dayanand in 1877 in India. It was a Hindu party which
aimed to purify Hinduism. It forcefully
converted Muslims into Hindus and to reconvert those Hindus who had embraced
Christianity.
12- He was the president of Indian National Congress. He helped Hindu
Mahasabha to found. He attended First
round table conference and was a notable person in Gandhi’s non-cooperation. He
was the founder of The
Hindustan Times.
13- There were proposals given by Jinnah in 1927 to a conference of all india
muslim league. He gave few demands
which he said if would be accepted that he would give up the demand of separate
electorates. He said that
there should be 1/3rd muslim majority in all central legislature, sindh should be
made a province and all the
reforms of other provinces should be brought to NWF and Balochistan.
14- Diarchy means a government by two authorities. In india it was started in the
government of indi act 1919 on
provincial level. The reserved subjects such as defence were most important and
were controlled by Provincial
Governors and their Executive councils and the transferred subjects were less
important such as forests and
were controlled by Indian Ministers. Diarchy was dropped at provincial level and
brought at central level in Govt
of india act 1935.

15 & 16 Answers in the book

Chapter no. 7&8 (1927 to 1939 + Khilafat Movement)

Questions:
1- Who was Khalifa/What was Khilafat?
2- What was sataygarh?
3- Describe Khilafat Conference 1?
4- Describe Khilafat Conference 2?
5- Describe Khilafat Conference 3?
6- What was Treaty of Versailles?
7- What was Treaty of Sevres?
8- What was Hijrat Movement/ Tahrek-e-Hijrat ?
9- Who was Kemal Attaturk?
10- What was Chauri-Chaura Event?
11- Who were Ali Brothers
12- What was Simon Commission?
13- What was Nehru report?
14- What were Jinnah’s Fourteen Points?
15- What was Salt March?
16- What was Allahabad Address?
17- Describe RTC-1?
18- Describe RTC-2?
19- Describe RTC-3?
20- What was Gandhi Irwin Pact?
21- What was Govt. of India Act 1935?
22- What was Wardha Scheme?
23- What was Bande matram?
24- Describe elections of 1937?
25- What was Communal Award?
26- What was Moplah Rebellion?
Answers:
1- Khalifa/khilafat is a word of Arabic. Khalifa means to follow, so the first
successor to the Holy Prophet was Abu
Bakr who came to know as Khailifa and his empire as a Khilafat. The Umayad
Dynasty then continued the
khilafat. Muslims had a high regard of Khalifa and they considered it as leader of
muslims of whole world. When
the khilafat and khalifa were under threat from British, the muslims of the
subcontinent began the Khilafat
Movement.
2- It is a word of Hindi and it means truth-force. It was a non-cooperation
movement started by Gandhi. It was a
form of non-violent protest against british. It later became violent protest. Jinnah
and Muslims did not join it.
3- It was called in Delhi in 1919. Maulana Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali were
leading figures. Gandhi was also
present as non-official member of congress. A resolution was passed that a
delegation would be sent to British
to stop them demolishing Khilafat.
4- It was held in Amritsar in December 1919. Congress and Muslim league were
present in in. Muhammad Ali had
returned from the Britain where he was failed to stop the British to di smember the
caliphate. It was
unsuccessful.
5- It was held in July 1921. It was the last Khilafat Conference. It passed a number
of resolution against the british
which offended them. As a result the Ali brothers were arrested.
6- It was one of the peace treaties at the end of the First World War. It was signed
in 1919 to end the state of war
between Britain and Germany with its Allies. As a result Germany had to pay
money to Britain and its allies.
Germany was split and Poland was created.
7- It was a peace treaty at the end of WWI. It was between the Ottoman Empire
and the Allies. In this the Turkey
was to be split up. While it was under discussion the Nationalist Government
abolished the Khilafat.
8- It was a part of Khilafat Movement. In this 18,000 muslims left their houses to
migrate to Afghanistan as they
saw India a Dar-ul-Harb. First few people were welcomed but later afghans refused
to accept anymore
emigrants. So they had to return and they got penniless.
9- He was a Turkish Military leader during world war I. He was the leader of
Turkish national Movement. He
abolished the khilafat in the Ottoman Empire. He was the first president and
founder of Republic of Turkey.
10- Chauri-Chaura was a village in the GorakhPur District. There, in 1922, twenty-
one police officers were killed after
they fired on the crowd to stop them. Whole police station was set on fire. After
this Gandhi brought his noncooperation
to an end.
11- i- Maulana Shaukat Ali was an Indian Muslim Nationalist and the leader of
Khilafat Movement. In his e arly
carrier he was member of Congress. He was brother of Muhammad Ali Jauhar and
helped his brother to publish
weekly Hamdard and weekly Comrade. Due to seditious material he and his
brother were imprisoned. He was
once again jailed for his support to Gandhi’s non-cooperation movement. Later he
joined Muslim League
ii- Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar was an Indian muslim leader, poet and
journalist. He became president of
khilafat Conference In 1918. He was the leaders of delegation which was sent to
England to persuade British to
not to punish Turkey. In his early carrier he was member of Congress. He started to
publish weekly Hamdard and
weekly Comrade. Due to seditious material he and his brother were imprisoned.
Later he joined Muslim League.
12- According to Govt. of India Act 1919 a commission was to be sent so in 1927 a
Commission was sent to India. It
was a 7 men committee under the leadership of John Simon. All the members were
british so it was thought as
an insult and Indians opposed it. In 1930 it produced a two-volume report
according to which RTC were held.
13- It was a report produced by Motilal Nehru in the all -party conference 1928. It
called for immediate dominion
status for india. It said that there should be bicameral parliament and all the men
and women should have right
to vote. There was a system of protecting the rights of minorities by reserving seats
but it was still opposed by
muslims. It was presented to british as the new constitution for india.
14- These were demands proposed by Jinnah in the All-India Muslim League
conference. It was given as an answer
to Nehru Report. It was unanimously accepted by all the leaders of muslim league.
It demanded for 1/3rd seats
and separate electorates for Muslims. It said that all the provinces hould have equal
amount of autonomy and
Sindh should be separated from Bombay.
15- It was a part of Gandhi’s non-cooperation. It was against the unfair british salt
laws. It was started in march 1930
and ended in april 1930. Route was from Ashram to Dandi. In response Gandhi and
Nehru were arrested.
16- It was the Presidential Address by Allama Iqbal to the Session of the All -India
Muslim League on 29 December
1930 at Allahabad. In that address Iqbal said that he would like to see NWFP,
Punjab and Baluchistan as a
separate state for Muslims.
17- All the parties in india were called to first RTC. Congress refused to come as
their demand that everything that
would be discussed would be applied to india was rejected. Muslims were
represented by Muhammad Ali, Agha
Khan and Jinnah. In this the princes were promised their rights.
18- It was called in London in 1931. Viceroy Irwin urged Gandhi to stop his non-
cooperation and attend the RTC. An
agreement was reached which is called the Gandhi -Irwin Pact. Muslims were
represented y Jinnah and Allama
Iqbal. In the RTC the Gandhi took hard lines and refused to accept the rights of
muslims. So this was failed.
19- It was called in London in 1932. Jinnah and Gandhi both were not there.
Muslims were represented by Agha
Khan and Muhammad Shah. No agreement could be reached.
20- This pact was passed between Gandhi and Lord Irwin in 1931. In this pact
Gandhi agreed to call -off his noncooperation
movement and stopped his demand for independence. Irwin agreed that the
political prisoners
would be released and their properties would be given them back.
21- It was the last constitution of british india and the first constitution of both
India and Pakistan. In this diarchy
was dropped at provincial level and introduced at central level. The number of
province s were increased to 11
by making NWF, Orissa and Sindh. Now 25 percent of Indian population could
vote.
22- It was an educational scheme started by Gandhi. In this religious education was
banned and cotton spinning was
made a part of education. Children were forced to bow before Gandhi’s portrait
and the education was to be in
Hindi. This was opposed by the Muslims
23- It was a Hindu nationalist Song. It was written against the Muslims that they
should be expelled from Hindustan.
Its singing was made compulsory in schools and in start of official business every
day during the congress rule. It
was seen as an insult by the muslims.
24- These were the first elections after the govt. of india act 1935. Both muslim
league and the congress
participated in the elections. Congress got majority in 5 provinces and single
largest party in 4 provinces.
Congress was asked to form ministries and it did.
25- Communal Award was announced by McDonalds in 1932. These were
announced to reduce communal tensions
in India. The muslims were given majority in Hindu Majority provinces and hindus
in the muslim majority areas.
These were rejected by congress but reluctantly accepted by the muslims.
26- Muslim peasants in south india were known as moplah upraised and thousands
of Indians were killed. At tirur
10000 moplahs destroyed the police station and seized arms. They then attacked
hindu property. 4000 moplah
were killed by the british but british suffered less than 100 casualities.

Chapter no. 9 (1940 to 1947)

Questions:
1- What was the day of deliverance?
2- What was the Pakistan movement?
3- Who was Maulvi Fazl-Ul-Haq?
4- What was Cripps Mission?
5- What was Quit India Resolution?
6- Describe Gandhi-Jinnah Talks?
7- Who was Lord Wavell?
8- Describe Simla Conference?
9- Describe the elections of 1945-46?
10- What was the Cabinet Mission Plan?
11- What the direct Action Day?
12- Who was Mountbatten?
13- What was the 3rd June Plan?
14- What was the independence Act?
15- Who was Muhammad Ali Jinnah?
16- What was the August Offer?
17- Who was Allama Iqbal ?
18- Who was Chaudri rehmat ali?

Answers:
1. This day was celebrated by the muslims of india on 22nd December, 1939.
Jinnah called the muslims to celebrate this day because the congress ministries had
resigned. They had resigned because the voiceroy Linlithgow said that india would
fight on their side against Germany without consulting congress. Muslims
celebrated it very happily because the rule of congress was full of oppression and
injustice for them. Congress was offended by this.
2. It was put forward by Fazl-ul-Haq on 22nd march and it demanded that muslims
provinces should be made made separate states. It was passed in the Annual
session of Muslim League on 23nd march, 1940 in Lahore. It was known as
Lahore resolution but later it came to be known as the Pakistan resolution. There is
a national holiday on 23rd march.
3. Fazl-ul-Haq was one of the four members of the committee that drafted the
constitution of the All India Muslim League in 1906. He was also a delegate of the
Round Table Conferences. In 1937 he was elected as Chief Minister of Bengal. He
put forward the Pakistan Resolution in 1940.
4. British sent sir stafford Cripps to india in march 1942 to see that if a
compromise could be reached which would win support of Indians for british war.
It proposed that there would be an indian union with dominion status. The
provinces could opt out of the indian union and declare independence if they
wanted. The constitution would be setup by constitutional assembly but elections
for the constitute assembly would be held after the war.
5. It was an anti-british movement started by Gandhi. He it was a non-violent
protest but it later turned into a violent protest. British lost control of some areas
but by use of strong measures could restore their control.
Gandhi, Nehru and other senior members were arrested. The congress party was
banned. Muslim league did not approve of this compaign.
6. Gandhi and Jinnah met in jinnah’s home in Bombay. Their aim was to discuss
the future of india after british departure. Gandhi demanded that they should first
cooperate with each other to persuade british to leave india and they would discuss
later whether partition should happen or not but Jinnah disagreed with this. Other
area of disagreement was that whether the defense and foreign policy should be in
center or provinces. So these talks failed.
7. Wavell was a British field marshal and the commander of British Army forces in
the Middle East during the Second World War. When Linlinthgow retired as
viceroy in the summer of 1943, Wavell was chosen to replace him as viceroy of
india. He remained in office till 1947 when moutbatten replaced him. He was
present in simla conference and proposed the Wavell plan.
8. Lord Wavell called this conference to discuss the future of india with Indians.
Congress, Muslim League and scheduled casts attended it. Wavell proposed that an
executive council should act as in interin government and it would have equal
members of congress and muslim league and scheduled casts were given seats.
This failed because Jinnah said that the scheduled casts would take side of india
and they would be left in minority.
9. Muslim league had manifesto of Pakistan and congress had of a joint india
without british. In the election, the muslim league won all the seats of muslims in
center and 446 out of 495 in provincial elections. Congress won 91% of non-
muslims seats. Congress also won in NWFP.
10. In March 1946 a three-man delegation including Stafford was sent to india. It
announced it’s plan that there would be no Pakistan but the new india would have
three parts, hindu majority areas, Bengal and assam, and muslim majority area in
west. Each part could frame its own constitution but the fence and foreign affairs
would be in hands of the central indian union. This was rejected by both congress
and muslim league.
11. On 16th August muslims celebrated the direct action day to show their
solidarity and strength to british and congress. It was non-violent but in Calcutta it
turned to violence in which 4000 people were killed. It is called the Great Calcutta
Killings.
12. He was the last the last viceroy of British India and the First Governor-General
of India. He belonged to the royal families of both Germany and Britain. He was in
navy during Second World War but was sent as the viceroy to arrange the departure
of british in india. He persuaded Radcliff to change the map of Pakistan in 1947.
He died in Ireland.
13. This plan was announced in 1947 by Mountbatten. It said that British india
would be split into two states, india and Pakistan. Each state was to have dominion
status. The provinces would have choice to join Pakistan or india. Punjab, Sindh,
nwfp, blochistan, Bengal and assam joined Pakistan.
14. It was passed in 15 August, 1947. It said that British India would be partitioned
into Pakistan and india. Each state could pass any law they wanted. The
government of india act 1935 was to be the constitution of both states.
15. He was born in Karachi. He went to study law in London and returned to india.
There he became an advocate. In his early carrier he joined both congress and
muslim league. Later he left congress and became the president of Muslim League.
He was the first governor-general of Pakistan.
16. The August offer 1940 was made on August 8, 1940, the eve of the Battle of
Britain. The Viceroy at the time, Lord Linlithgow, made a fresh offer that promised
the expansion of the governor-general's Executive Council to include more Indians,
the Establishment of an Advisory War council, giving full weight to minority
opinion, recognition of Indians' right to frame their own constitution (after the war
would end). In return, it was hoped that all parties and communities in India would
cooperate in Britain's war efforts.

17& 18 Answers in book chapter 10

mostly asked question:-

What was cripps misson?[4]
 Sent in 1942
 Sir stafford cripps
 Offered indian union with dominion status
 Proposed that after the war a constituent assembly would set upand
would draw a new constituion
 Constituent assembly was made after the war was over

Some Questions Section 3

Chapter 11: Early problems faced by pakistan
1- What was radcliffe award?
2- What was kashmir issue?
3- What was canal water dispute?

Chapter 12: Liqauat ali khan to yahya khan

1- What was objective resolution?
2- What was proda ?
3- What was one unit scheme?
4-What were basic democracies?
5- Who was liaquat ali khan?
6- Who was khuwaja nazimuddin?
7- Who was mailk ghulam mohummad?
8- Who was iskander mirza?
9-Who was ayub khan?
10- Who was yahya khan?

Chapter 13: East pakistan

1- Who was shaikh mujib ur rehman?

Chapter 14: Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto & Zia ul Haq

1- Who was zulfiqar ali bhutto?
2- What was simla agreement?
3- Who was zia ul haq
4- What were the huddod reforms?
5- What was afghan miracle?

Chapter 15: Benazir Bhutto & Nawaz Sharif

1- Who was Benazir Bhutto?
2- What problems did benazir bhutto faced durin 1988-90?
3- Who was nawaz sharif?
4- What was motorway project?
5- What was bcci scandal?
6- What was kalashinkov culture?
7- What was nnpt?
8- What problems did nawaz sharif faced as a pm during 1990?
Chapter 16: World Affairs since 1947
1- What was U2 crisis?
2- What was kargil conflict?

* ALL ANSWERS ARE PRESENT IN BOOK