Lecture Notes

INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE OF AUTOMOTIVE

(ICAM)

LECTURE NOTE

DVI 1033
INTRODUCTION TO VEHICLE INSPECTION

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Contents

1. Introduction to Vehicle Inspection

2. Inspection Procedure

3. Main Inspection Process

4. Inspection Standards

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CHAPTER 1

1. INTRODUCTION TO VEHICLE INSPECTION

1.1 Terms and Definition

1.1.1 Vehicle Inspection

• Vehicle Inspection is a procedure mandated by national or sub-national governments in

many countries, in which a vehicle is inspected to ensure that it conforms to regulations
governing safety, emission, or both.

Inspection can be required at various times, for example it can performed periodically or
on transfer of title to a vehicle. If it is required periodically, it is often termed periodic
motor vehicle inspection; typical intervals are once every two years; every year and twice
a year.

• Some countries where vehicle inspection for certain category of vehicle is not mandated,
it encourages individual to send their vehicles for inspection voluntarily. A typical
example is Malaysia.

• With regard to safety inspection, there is some controversy over whether it is a cost-
effective way to improve road traffic safety.
.

1.1.2 Category of Inspection Branches

In Malaysia, there are variuos categories of vehicle inspection branches depending on

the set-up. Some typical examples include:

1.1.2.1 Permanent Computerized Branch (PCB)

This category of branch has been installed with computerised system and an
intergrated inspection equipment consisting of all stages of inspection which include
visual inspection, smoke emission test, side-slip test, suspension test, brake test,
headlight test, speedometer test, that is able to communicate and the inspection
result is generated automatically from the the computer system.
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Example : PUSPAKOM Wangsa Maju

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PUSPAKOM WANGSA MAJU

247.00 M

HV 2.40 M

6M
5.40 M

PUBLIC
TOILET

1.90 M
PAYMENT
COUNTER

16.40 M
6.00 M LV
3.50 M 6.00 M
REGISTRATION
PAYMENT PAYMENT GENSET
PAYMENT COUNTER
6.00 M
COUNTER COUNTER ROOM
COUNTER
OFFICE AND SPECIAL/
WEIGHER INITIAL
INSPECTION

5.20 M
UNDER CARRIAGE PIT EXPRESS LANE
AREA
WAITING AXLE PLAY
AREA
79.00 M

AXLE WEIGHER
31.00 M

10.00 M

SPEEDOMETER
UNDER CARRIAGE PIT WAITING

SUSPENSION
HEADLIGHT

SIDE SLIP

76.00 M
AREA FOR LV

/BRAKE
AXLE PLAY

10 M
BEFORE
INSPECTION
UNDER CARRIAGE PIT
AXLE PLAY
STAIR WALKWAY

6.15 M

RECEPTION
8.78 M 8.4O M WAITING
OFFICE TECH. ADMIN OFFICE SHELTER

3M
CONTROL OFFICE MANAGER
ROOM OFFICE ROOM OFFICE
STAIR STAIR
35.00 M

SPEEDOMETER
UNDER CARRIAGE PIT WAITING

HEADLIGHT

SUSPENSION

SIDE SLIP
AREA FOR HV

/BRAKE
AXLE PLAY

12 M
BEFORE
INSPECTION
UNDER CARRIAGE PIT
3.048 M AXLE PLAY

64.00 M PARKING LOT

GUARD
HOUSE

6M

6M
Overall Size:4.82 Acres
240.50 M
IN OUT

ROAD RESERVE

PETUNJUK:
Pemeriksaan Berkala
Pemeriksaan Khas
Pemeriksaan Syarikat
Kewangan/tukar milik GROUND FLOOR PLAN 55

Pasir Gudang

Drive Through Payment Counter

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1.1.2.2 Permanent Outstation Branch (POB)

This category has an office away from the main branch that is manned by a small
number of personnel and the branch is installed with a computer system capable of
generating inspection results but is only provided with minimal number of inspection
equipement, for example a smoke meter (to conduct emission test), a portable brake
tester (Decelerometer) and a pit for visual inspection.

Keningau

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TRAFFIC FLOW AND LAYOUT PLAN PUSPAKOM KENINGAU

OFFICE

54M

INSPECTION PIT

POST GUARD

EXIT ENTRANCE

75 M

Overall size:
1 acres

Sri Aman

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TRAFFIC FLOW AND LAYOUT PLAN PUSPAKOM SRI AMAN

OFFICE
21.3 M

BRAKE INSPECTION AREA

LV/HV/B2/B5

IN
OUT

33 M
PASIR PANAS
ROAD

RIVER

ROUNDABOUT

139

1.1.2.3 Mobile Computerized Branch (MCB)

MCB is the type of branch that is visited on schedule by a mobile inspection unit
equipt with full inspection equipment in a suburban or isolated locations. This mobile
inspection unit is also installed with a computer system which is capable to
communicate and intergrate with the equipment and generate inspection results.
Mobile Inspection Unit means the equipment and machinery which may be
transported from place to place to carry out Inspections

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Mobile Computerised Branch

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1.1.2.4 Mobile Outsation Branch (MOB)

This category of branch is located at remote area and is visited by personnel from
the main branch as scheduled. Most of these type of branch performed manual
inspection where by there is no equipment involved. A few of these branch are
provided with a smoke meter (for emission test) and a decelerometer (for brake test)
brought in by the visiting personnel.

1.1.2.5 Premier Service Unit (PSU)

PSU provide inspection services to dedicated customers upon their request. For
instance, individual customer or fleet owners. The inspection performed by this team
of personnel on manual.

PUSPAKOM Premier Service Unit

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1.1.3 Mode of Inspection

Inspection may be carried out either by the Automated Mode or the Manual Mode.

1.1.3.1 Automated Inspection

Automated Inspection is an inspection performed using Automated Equipment

under an automated and computerized vehicle inspection system, whereas
Automated Equipment means the equipment and machinery prescribed by law to be
used to carry out Automated Inspections and shall include mobile inspection unit.

Stages in relation to an automated inspection:-

- Visual Inspection – Above Carriage

- A-B-S Tester
- Test of Headlight, Exhaust and Sound
- Visual Inspection – Under Carriage
- Relevant data shall be key into the computer system
- The result of each test shall be issued by the system control computer

1.1.3.2 Manual Inspection

When an automated inspection cannot be effected, Manual Inspection is to be

performed. The minimum requirement for Manual Inspection to be done shall
include:-

(a). A statutory check over a special pit for the inspection and testing of the whole
body of a motor vehicle, including its chassis;

(b). An on-the-road test for brake efficiency, meter and wheel alignment of a
motor vehicle; and

(c). A smoke emission test using a smoke meter for diesel engines.

Manual inspection normally is conducted at the POB and MOB.

1.2 Type of Inspection

There are various type of inspection. Type of inspections are named according to their purposes, for
example,

1.2.1 Initial Inspection

To check whether the newly constructed motor vehicles comply with specifications,
dimensions of approved drawing plans and conform to all requirements for the registration of

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imported vehicles for specific use. Locally manufactured and assemble private motor vehicles
are not subject to Initial Inspection as they have undergone “Type or Model” Approval.

1.2.2 Routine Inspection

Routine Inspections are all those periodic inspections which are mandatory to be carried
out from time to time under the Road Transport Act 1987.

1.2.3 Special Inspection

Special Inspections are inspection which may be required for any of the following purpose:-

a. Change of use of vehicles;

b. Change of registration numbers;

c. Vehicle modification including upgrading of vehicle weight limits;

d. Change of engine and chassis;

e. Increase of passenger capacity;

f. Loss of registration certificate;

g. Confirmation of engine and chassis particulars;

h. Weighing of vehicles;

i. Any request by Road Transport Department, the police or any competent authorities for
compliance with specific requirements of the law.

1.2.4 Re-inspection

The re-inspection of motor vehicles is required when a vehicle which has failed a previous
inspection that include initial, routine and special inspections.

1.2.5 Accident Inspection

The inspection of all kind of motor vehicle involve in accidents at the request of the
authorities, for instance the police.

1.2.6 Inspection Prior to Change of Ownership / Possession of Motor Vehicle

To verify the authentication of the vehicle prior to the transfer of ownership for all kind of
motor vehicle registered as private use excluding motorcycle. The procedure of inspection
include:-

- Confirmation of engine number

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- Confirmation of chassis particulars

- Glass test as specified by the Motor Vehicle (Prohibition of Certain type of Glass)

- Inspect the condition of vehicle body shell and chassis

1.2.7 Inspection for Financial Institutions

Inspection as required by the financial institutions for the administration of auction and
financing processes.

1.3 Responsibility of Vehicle Examiner (VE)

1.3.1 In Malaysia, a VE is a person who is appointed, authorized or given the power under Section
66(F) of the Road Transport Act 1987 to inspect a motor vehicle. VE has to perform the
vehicle inspection activities diligently, honestly, professionally with high level of integrity and
without fear or favor to ensure motor vehicles are safe to be used and also safe to other road
users.

1.3.2 With reference to Motor Vehicles (Qualification of Examiners) Rules, 1994, “Examiner”
means any person who carries out inspection of motor vehicles and issues inspection
certificates.

1.3.3 Apart from these, Vehicle Examiner as an employee has certain obligations to the firm or
company or organization, namely

a. Employee’s main moral duty is to work toward the goals of the firm and avoid any activities
that might harm those goals.

b. Unethical means to deviate from these goals to serve one’s own interests in ways that, if
illegal, are counted as a form of “white-collar crime”

c. Employee’s duties to the firm - comply to the “law of agency”, that is the law that specifies
the legal duties of “agents” (employee) towards their “principals” (employers).

1.3.4 An employee might fail in performing the obligation to the employer, if he or she:

a. Act on a “conflict of interest”

b. Steal from the firm
c. Use the position as leverage to force illicit benefits out of others through extortion or
commercial bribery

1.3.5 Conflict of interest

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Occur when employees in a certain job have an “interest” that might motivate them to
do that job in a way that may not be in the best interests of the firm. That is,

a. Engaged in carrying out a certain task on behalf of the company

b. Has an interest in the outcome of the task
c. The interest does or reasonably might affect the judgment the employee is obligated to
exercise on behalf of the company

1.3.6 Steal from the firm

a. Employee theft
Take property or use property that belongs to employer without consent.

b. Computer theft
Enter data banks, copy, or using company’s computer during one’s own time.

1.3.7 Commercial bribe and extortion

a. Commercial bribe: A consideration given or offered to an employee by a person outside
the firm with the understanding that, when the employee transacts business for the firm,
the employee will deal favorably with that person or that person’s firm.

b. Commercial extortion: when an employee demands a consideration from persons outside

the firm as a condition for dealing favorably with those persons when the employee
transacts business for the firm.

c. Gifts: may or may not be unethical. Vincent Barry suggests that the following factors should
be considered when evaluating the morality of accepting a gift,

(i). What is the value of the gift? It is substantial to influence one’s decision?

(ii). What is the purpose of the gift? Is the gift intended or accepted as a bribe?

(iii). What are the circumstances under which the gift was given? Was it given openly? Was it
given to celebrate a special event eg birthday, X’mas.

(iv). What is the position of the recipient of the gift? Is he in the position to influence
dealings?

(v). what is the accepted business practice in the area? Is the gift part of an open and well-
known industry practice?

(vi). What is company’s policy?

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(vii). What is the law?

1.3.8 Ethics.
Ethics can be defined as:
a. the principals of conduct governing an individual or a group or a society.

b. The study of morality. Morality is the standards that an individual or a group has about
what is right and wrong or good and well.

c. Therefore, ethics is the study of moral standards – the process of examining the moral
standards of a person or society to determine whether these standards are reasonable or
unreasonable in order to apply them to concrete situations and issues.

1.3.9 Corruption
Corruption can be defined as the misuse of entrusted power for private gain.

1.3.10 Forms of corruption

a. Bribe vs facilitation payment (large amount to senior officials vs small amount to lower
level officials)

b. Supply vs demand

c. Cartel vs collusion (bidders form cartel & manipulate award decision with or without
involvement of inside officials vs collusion agreements can include assigning turns among
cartel members for winning bid.

d. Structural vs situational (well planned and carried out systematically. Situation is

unplanned eg driver caught under influence of alcohol and offer the policeman a bribe).

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