DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING

CENTER OF EXCELLENCE IN ARTS & DESIGN

NAME – Dawood Khan

ROLL NO – CE16AR26

CONTENTS

1. Research area
2. Title of thesis
3. Background
4. Introduction
5. Motivation for research
6. objective
7. Related work
8. References

ADVISOR:
REMARKS
Sir ATTUAL MUNIM BULLO
_________________
Chapter no 1
RESEARCH AREA
SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE ARCHITECTURE

TITLE OF THE THESIS

Vertical cemetery
1.1INRODUCTION
Cemeteries are usually end up with a less dominant priority to be designed. It is somehow
forgotten that this space gets bigger and bigger each day. Houses could be squeezed, offices
could be shared, shops could be stacked, but not cemetery. Death number can be decreased,
but what has been buried cannot be replaced. Cemetery has no other possibility than
“extending”. Land will always be constantly demanded for this typology . The rapid
population and economy growth in urban area causes a very big competition in land uses
between the live and the “dead”.
even though grave burial is still preferable as translation of their belief, since 1963, cremation
(high-temperature burning of dead body) has been an alternative method. Church funeral is
required for Catholics. The grave burial or the cremation is done after the three stages funeral
rites (prayers, funeral Mass and absolution). If the body is buried, the land should be sacred
and blessed (usually Catholics churchyard)
1.1Muslim concept about dead body
In Islam, cremation is "haram" or forbidden, as interpretation of the meaning: "And Indeed
We have honored the Children of Adam" [Al-Israa' 17:70]. Muslims believe that the deceased
must be treated with the same respect as the living (Anne Hunter, 2007). Therefore,
cremation is prohibited. Instead, the dead body is washed, cleansed, covered with white
shroud, prayed for forgiveness and buried on earth as soon as possible. The body is laid on
the right side of the dug soil, facing the qibla, towards Mecca (Huda Dodge, 2009). This also
means that most of Muslim graveyards are arranged in the same way, as a form of space
effectiveness. According to Illustrated Janazah Guide by Mohamed Ebrahim Siala, before
filled with soil, a layer of wood board or stones should be placed on top of the body to avoid
the direct soil contact. It is allowable to put a mark on the grave or a stone, without building
any form of decorative construction.
Islam, two types of grave constructions became generally accepted. The first one is the laḥd.
This is a grave in which, at the Qibla side, a niche into which the body is placed is dug out.
The laḥd became very popular, since the Prophet was said to have been buried in such a
niche. The laḥd is only used when the ground is stable enough (Al-Jaziri 2009: 715; Sahlieh
and Aldeeb 2001: 106).
The second type of grave construction is called a shaqq, which is a deep vertical grave in
which a niche is dug at the bottom of the pit. In both constructions, the deceased is placed in
the grave on his right side facing the Qibla (Al Qaradawi 2003: 44; Al-Sistani 1999: 138;
Bakhtiar 1996: 52; Al-Jaziri 2009: 715; Sahlieh and Aldeeb 2001: 104–105). After the
deceased is placed in his grave, the shrouds at the head and the feet of the deceased are
loosened and his right cheek is positioned to touch the soil (Sayyid Sabiq 1991: 63). Islamic
scholars hold that it is part of the Islamic tradition for the person who is placing the body into
the grave to say: “In the name of God and in accordance with the religion of God’s
Messenger.” (Al-Jaziri 2009: 715; Sayyid Sabiq 1991: 63). Both types of graves are covered
with flat bricks before piling the soil on top of it. This is to prevent the body of the deceased
coming directly into contact with the soil (Sahlieh and Aldeeb 2001: 106).

1.2BACKGROUND
A cemetery or graveyard is a place where the remains of dead people are buried or otherwise
interred.
The word cemetery (from Greek κοιμητήριον, "sleeping place")[
The intact or cremated remains of people may be interred in a grave, commonly referred to
as burial, or in a tomb, an "above-ground grave.
Taforalt cave in Morocco is the oldest known cemetery in the world. It was the resting place
of at least 34 Iberomaurusian individuals, the bulk of which have been dated to 15,100 to
14,000 years ago.
Starting in the early 19th century, the burial of the dead in graveyards began to be
discontinued, due to rapid population growth in the early stages of the Industrial Revolution ,
continued outbreaks of infectious disease near graveyards and the increasingly limited space
in graveyards.
In some cases, skeletons were exhumed from graveyards and moved
in 18th century Paris. when human remains were transferred from graveyards all over the city
to the Catacombs of Paris. The bones of an estimated 6 million people are to be found there.

1.3MOTIVATION FOR RESEARCH

Due to growth of population spaces need to be utilized well.so my motivations is to provide
the better land circumstances for upcoming generating The advantage from vertical cemetery
is obviously to save ground space usage and provide alternatives, as higher densities are one
of the solutions for achieving more sustainable .In bigger scale, since vertical cemetery does
not require a large parcel of land, this building typology may be introduced again in urban
area. This resolves issue of accessibility and positive effect on the use of public transport, as
it reduces the energy consumption for mobility. Moreover, combination of religion users will
be an attempt to embrace different society group. In the future, cemetery will be a vibrant and
energetic place as people go there easily. Through its height, building delivers opportunity as
a symbol or icon in the city.

1.4PROBELMS
1. According to the 2014 report the world birth to death ratio is 3:1 and it increases to 2:1in
2016 . As the years go by the no. of deaths increase along with the birth rate
3 main religions of the country, Hindus, Muslims and Christians,
t looks impossible to change Muslim's religious practices. They don’t believe in cremation
because they believe in after life
Christians are open to changes or at least ready to accept the changes
1.4.1 GRAVEYARD AS BUSINESS
Pakistan .is facing many problems broken road, poverty, overflowing sewage, general
despondesy sadness etc
Taxis generate from Karachi run country .it economics engine of Pakistan but no one care
about it.
Problem 1
Pakistan have1.8 billon people who have no space for graveyard.
Graveyard filled up 3 times.
City administrator Faheem zaman says the graveyards is important like hospital or place of
living. We can’t put the death body somewhere. but there is no proper planning
He also says it is my responsibility but we have no land for graveyard
1.4.2Problem 02
What does it cost die?
there are many graveyards which is not under the KMC
these are under the mafia they take extra money and they destroy exiting grave and make new
on them
the KMC faculty cannot go there. they take charges RS 35000 but govt charges Rs 8500
although KMC members also pay this charge
1.4.3 problem 03
destroy exiting grave
the mafia make new grave on exiting grave or destroy the old one. The graveyard was closed
after it reached full capacity but contractors are now making new graves on top of old ones
and charging heavy bribes for the task

The Society Graveyard continues to be used as a burial site despite having reached full
capacity

1.5Objective and aims.

RELATED WORK
Memorial Necropole Ecumenic, Brazi

According to the article “Raising the Dead: Lack of Space Forces Cemeteries Skywards”
(2014), Memorial Necropole Ecumenica is the tallest cemetery in the world with 32 floors
that holds 180,000 bodies. The building is also inserted by restaurant, chapel, concert hall,
furnished rooms, and garden with waterfalls and animals. This supports possibilities of
activity and function shifting. Burial spaces are open 24 hours with both annual rented
and private owned tombs. Additional niches are now planned within the same complex.

Mountain of the Dead, EgyptEgypt’s Mountain of the Dead, also known as Gebel
al Mawta, is a Roman-era burial site that towers above the landscape of the Siwa Oasis,
looking a bit like an ant hill. Made of limestone, it was developed during the 26th Dynasty
of Egypt, and served as a hiding place for soldiers during World War II. Tombs cover
virtually every square inch of its base as well as its terraces and all sides of the conical
portion. Many of the tombs have been raided over the centuries, and robbery continues to
be a problem.

Amphitheater for the Dead: Hong Kong Hillside Cemeteries

Look out onto the hillsides from a high-rise in Hong Kong and you’ll see something that’s
highly uncommon in the west: tier after tier of graves built onto hillsides resembling ancient
amphitheaters. Each grave within these cemeteries is shoehorned beside the other. It didn’t
take long for this trend to die down in the city – the practice began in the ’60s, and by the
’80s, space ran out, so officials had resorted to interring bodies in nearby high-rise buildings.
Hong Kong is twice as dense as New York and four times as crowded as London, so it’ll be
interesting to see what they come up with next.

2. REFERENCE
https://weburbanist.com
https://archinect.com
https://inhabitat.com
https://www.researchgate.ne
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11562-015-0341-3
youtube.com