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The median is: 5 feet 8 inches (the number in the middle). The mode is 5 feet 8 inches (it occurs the most - two times).
Significant Difference
Mode- The most common result (the most frequent value) of a test, A study had one group of students (Group A) study using notes
survey, or experiment. they took in class; the other group (Group B) studied using notes
they took after class using a recording of the lecture. Students in
Group A scored higher on a test than Group B. The study reports
a significance of p<.01 for the results.
This means that whatever the reason students who took notes in
class did better on the test, there is only a 0 - 1% chance that the
results are due to some random factor (such as Group A having
Example: smarter students than Group B).
Find the mode of 5 feet 6 inches, 5 feet 7 inches, 5 feet 10 inches, 5 feet Correlation
8 inches, 5 feet 8 inches.
Correlation - The degree to which two factors appear to be related. Five students score 84, 80, 78, 75, 73 on a test their mean is 78.
Correlation should not be confused with causation. Just because two
factors are reported as being correlated, you cannot say that one factor Another group of students scored: 98, 95, 78, 65, 54, their mean is also
causes the other. For example, you might find a correlation between 78.
going to the library at least 40 times per semester and getting high scores Obvious difference in variability of their scores.
on tests. However, you cannot say from these findings what about going
to the library, or what about people who go to libraries often, is Range- Simplest measure or variability (weak).
responsible for higher test scores. -Based on the two extreme scores.
r-value- The way in which correlation is reported statistically (a number -Generally a large range = a large variability.
between -1 and +1). Generally, r-values should be >+/-.3 in order to
-Difference of the highest and lowest scores in a data set.
report a significant correlation.
Formula: high score - low score + 1
An r-value of -1 indicates a extreme negative correlation between
two variables - as one variable's value tends to increase, the other Standard Deviation - One of the best measures of variability.
variable's value tends to decrease. -Reflects the magnitude of the deviations of the scores from the mean.
An r-value of +1 indicates an extreme positive correlation
between two variables - as one variable's value tends to increase, Variance:
the other variable's value also tends to increase.
The mean of the squared deviations from the mean.
An r-value of 0 means there is no correlation at all between the
elements being studied. The standard deviation squared.
Computer as part of an ANOVA procedure;
Often referred to as the mean square (MS)
Measures of variability:
-Scatter or spread of scores from the central tendency.
-Tells us how heterogeneous or homogeneous a group is.
-Groups may have the same mean or median but differ considerably in
variability.
Example: