Abacus

It is presumed that the earliest Abacus was invented about 5000 years ago. Some
historians believe that the abacus was invented by the ancient Chinese while some believe
that it was invented by the Babylonians or the Egyptians.

Abacus was invented by Chinese in 500 BC (while some indications argue on

its invention by Babylonians in 300 BC) and was used as one of the most primitive
calculators (or counting device to be precise).

Napiers Bones

Napier's bones. Napier's bones were invented by John Napier (1550-1617), a

Scottish mathematician and scientist. They help you to do multiplication.

Napier's bones are a manually-operated calculating device created by John Napier of

Merchiston, Scotland for calculation of products and quotients of numbers. The method was
based on Arab mathematics and the lattice multiplication used by Matrakci Nasuh in the
Umdet-ul Hisab and Fibonacci's work in his Liber Abaci.
Pascal’s Calculator (Pascaline Calculator)

Pascaline, also called Arithmetic Machine, the first calculator or adding machine to be
produced in any quantity and actually used. The Pascaline was designed and built by the
French mathematician-philosopher Blaise Pascal between 1642 and 1644

Leibniz Calculator

LEIBNIZ CALCULATOR In 1671, the German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

designed a calculating machine, called the Step Reckoner, which was capable to perform
multiplication and division as well. 2. SOME FEATURES OFSTEP
RECKONER Mechanical device made of copper & steel