Example 1

Check the safety of the

shown beam to resist the
given ultimate loads, if the
beam section is W 310 x 97 Pu = 700 kN W u = 10 kN/m Pu = 700 kN
(A36) and the compression
flange of the beam is only 9m
laterally supported at ends.

Solution:

1- Beam effect (beam strength)

Lb = 9m
For W 310 x 97, f Mp = 358 kN.m, f Mr = 235 kN.m, Lp = 3.83 m, Lr = 13.6 m ,
BF = 12.6
Lr > Lb > Lp \beam strength is located in zone 2

Obtain Cb = 1.14 for uniform load on simply supported beam that is laterally
supported at ends only.
f Mn = 1.14 [ 358 – 13.2 (9 – 3.83) ] = 330 kN.m < f Mp
\ f Mnx = 330 kN.m

2- Beam-Column Effect

The beam is braced at ends,

Maximum moment = Mnt = w L2 /8 = 10 . (9)2 /8 = 101.25 kN.m

B1 = Cm
1 - Pu /Pe1

Cm = 1.0 , for hinged-hinged beam with uniform transverse loads

Pe1 = p2 E I = (3.14)2 (2 x 105) (222 x 106) x 10-3 = 5410.00 kN

(KL)2 (9000)2

B1 = 1.0 = 1.15 ³ 1.0 \ B1 = 1.15

1 – 700/5410
Ultimate maximum moment at mid span = Mux

= B1 x Mnt = 1.15 x 101.25 = 116.44 kN.m

1 Prepared by Prof. Shehab Mourad – Department of Civil Eng. - KSU

3- Column Effect

For W 310 x 97,

bf =305 mm, tf = 15.4 mm, h = 241 mm, tw = 9.9 mm,
A= 12300 mm2, ry = 77mm

Klx = Kly = 9000 mm \ KLy /ry is critical

ly = (KL/ry) Fy = 9000 / 77 250 = 1.32

5
p E 3.14 2 x 10

Check local buckling:

For flange, ( bf/2) / tf = (305/ 2) / 15.4 = 9.90 < 0.56 E = 15.80 o.k
Fy

For web, h/ tw = 241 / 9.9 = 24.13 < 1.49 E = 42.10 o.k

Fy
\ No local buckling in column section

ly = 1.31 < 1.50

2
Fcr = (0.658) (1.32) x 250 = 120.6 MPa

f Pn = 0.85 (12300) ( 120.6) x 10-3 = 1260.8 kN

4- Check Strength Equation

Pu = 700 = 0.555 > 0.20

f Pn 1260.8

\ Pu + 8 ( Mux) = 700 + 8 116.44 = 0.87 < 1.0 \ o.k

f Pn 9 f Mnx 1260.8 9 330

\ Section W 310 x 97 is safe to resist the given ultimate loads

2 Prepared by Prof. Shehab Mourad – Department of Civil Eng. - KSU

Example 2
W = 50 kN/m
Check the safety of column (3), if H
Pu = 250 kN and is laterally supported
at mid height. The resulted bending 2 W 530 x 66
moment diagrams are given for both 5m
1
cases, braced and unbraced. All steel is W 360 x 72 W 360 x 72 3
A36

For W 360x72 10 m
A= 9110 mm2, d= 350 mm, tw=8.6 mm
bf =204 mm, tf = 15.1 mm, h =280 mm
Ix = 201 x 106 mm4 , rx = 149 mm,
ry = 48.5 mm W = 50 kN/m

For W 530 x 66 180 kN.m

I x = 351 x 106 mm4
180 kN.m

Mnt diagram
Solution: (braced case)

- Column buckling length (inplane)

H 100 kN.m
Ic/ Ib = 1.75
100 kN.m
G1 = 10 (for hinge)
Mlt diagram
(unbraced case)
G2 = I/5 = 1.14
1.75 I/10

Braced case
K = 3 x 10 x 1.14 + 1.4 (10 + 1.14) + 0.64 = 0.87
3 x 10 X 1.14 + 2 (10 +1.14) + 1.28

Unbraced case

K = 1.6 x 10 x 1.14 + 4 (10 + 1.14) + 7.5 = 1.94

10 + 1.14 + 7.5

3 Prepared by Prof. Shehab Mourad – Department of Civil Eng. - KSU

 M
1- Beam effect
0.88 M
Lb = 5.0 / 2 = 2.5 m
0.75 M Lb = 2.5 m
For W 360 x 72; f Mp = 288 kN.m, f Mr = 187 kN.m,
0.63 M
Lp = 2.41 m, Lr = 7.98 m , BF = 18.1 0.5 M
Lr > Lb > Lp \ beam strength is located at zone 2
Lb = 2.5 m
Cb = 12.5 M = 1.25
2.5 M + 3 x 0.63 M + 4 x 0.75 M + 3 x 0.88 M

\ f Mn = 1.25 [ 288 – 18.1 (2.5 – 2.41)] = 357 kN.m > f Mp = 288 kN.m

\ f Mn = f Mp = 288 kN.m

2 – Beam – Column effect

(braced case)

B1 = Cm
1 - Pu /Pe1

where Cm = 0.6 – 0.4 ( 0 ) = 0.6

180

Pe1 = p2 E I = (3.14)2 (2 x 105) (201 x 106) x 10-3 = 20946 kN

(KLx)2 (0.87 x 5000)2

\ B1 = 0.6 = 0.61 < 1.0

1 – ( 250/20946)

\ B1 = 1.0

(unbraced case)

B2 = 1 > 1.0
1 - ∑Pu /∑Pe2

∑Pu = 50 x 10 = 500 kN

Pe2 = p2 E I = (3.14)2 (2 x 105) (201 x 106) x 10-3 = 4212.5 kN

2
(KLx) (1.94 x 5000)2

B2 = 1 = 1.06
1 – [500 / (2 x 4212.5)]

Mux = B1 Mnt + B2 Mlt = 1 x 180 + 1.06 x 100 = 286.3 kN.m

4 Prepared by Prof. Shehab Mourad – Department of Civil Eng. - KSU
3- Column Effect (unbraced case)

KLx/rx = 1.94 x 5000 / 149 = 65, KLy /ry = 1 x 2500/ 48.5 = 51.5

\ KLx/rx controls,

lx = (KL/rx) Fy = 65 250 = 0.736 < 1.50

5
p E 3.14 2 x 10

Check local buckling:

For flange, ( bf/2) / tf = (204/ 2) / 15.1 = 6.75 < 0.56 E = 15.80 o.k
Fy

For web, h/ tw = 280 / 8.6 = 32.6 < 1.49 E = 42.10 o.k

Fy

\ There is no local buckling

2
Fcr = (0.658) (0.736) x 250 = 199.3 MPa
=
f Pn 0.85 x 199.3 x 9110 x 10-3 = 1543 kN

5- Check beam –column strength

Pu = 250 / 1543 = 0.16 < 0.20

f Pn

\ Pu + ( Mux) = 250 + 286.3 = 1.08 > 1.0 \ NOT o.k

2 f Pn f Mnx 2 x 1543 288

\ W 360 x 72 is unsafe to be used a column by about 8 %, and

need to changed to a larger section

5 Prepared by Prof. Shehab Mourad – Department of Civil Eng. - KSU