Analytical Section : Analytical Reasoning

Directions :All CAT sample analytical resoning questions are based on a passage or set
of conditions. While answering a few of the questions, you would find it useful to draw a
rough diagram. To answer any CAT sample analytical reasoning question choose the
answer you think is most appropriate among the given options.

Questions 1- 3

Three men (Tom, Peter and Jack) and three women (Eliza, Anne and Karen) are spending
a few months at a hillside. They are to stay in a row of nine cottages, each one living in
his or her own cottage. There are no others staying in the same row of houses.

1. Anne, Tom and Jack do not want to stay in any cottage, which is at the end of the
row.
2. Eliza and Anne are unwilling to stay besides any occupied cottage..
3. Karen is next to Peter and Jack.
4. Between Anne and Jack's cottage there is just one vacant house.
5. None of the girls occupy adjacent cottages.
6. The house occupied by Tom is next to an end cottage.

1. Which of the above statements can be said to have been derived from two other
statements ?
A. Statement 1
B. Statement 2
C. Statement 3
D. Statement 5
E. Statement 6

Ans : D

2. How many of them occupy cottages next to a vacant cottage ?

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
E. 6

Ans : C

3. Which among these statement(s) are true ?

I. Anne is between Eliza and Jack.

II. At the most four persons can have occupied cottages on either side of
them. .
 III. Tom stays besides Peter.

A. I only
B. II only
C. I and III only
D. II and III only
E. I, II and III

Ans : C

Questions 4 - 7

An employee has been assigned the task of allotting offices to six of the staff members.
The offices are numbered 1 - 6. The offices are arranged in a row and they are separated
from each other by six foot high dividers. Hence voices, sounds and cigarette smoke flow
easily from one office to another.

Miss Robert's needs to use the telephone quite often throughout the day. Mr. Mike and
Mr. Brown need adjacent offices as they need to consult each other often while working.
Miss. Hardy, is a senior employee and has to be allotted the office number 5, having the
biggest window. .

Mr. Donald requires silence in the offices next to his. Mr. Tim, Mr. Mike and Mr. Donald
are all smokers. Miss Hardy finds tobacco smoke allergic and consecutively the offices
next to hers to be occupied by non-smokers.

Unless specifically stated all the employees maintain an atmosphere of silence during
office hours.

4. The ideal candidate to occupy the office furthest from Mr. Brown would be
A. Miss Hardy
B. Mr. Mike
C. Mr. Tim
D. Mr. Donald
E. Mr. Robert

Ans : D

5. The three employees who are smokers should be seated in the offices.
A. 1, 2 and 4
B. 2, 3 and 6
C. 1, 2 and 3
D. 1, 2 and 3
E. 1, 2 and 6

Ans : D
 6. The ideal office for Mr. Mike would be.
A. 2
B. 6
C. 1
D. 3
E. 4

Ans : D

7. In the event of what occurrence, within a period of one month since the
assignment of the offices, would a request for a change in office be put forth by
one or more employees ?
A. Mr. Donald quitting smoking.
B. The installation of a noisy teletype machine by Miss Hardy in her office.
C. Mr. Robert's needing silence in the office (s) next to her own. .
D. Mr. Brown suffering from laryngitis.
E. Mr. Tim taking over the duties formerly taken care of by Miss. Robert. .

Ans : E

Questions 8 - 10

In an experiment conducted at a laboratory, 160 white mice were injected with Serum D.
160 other white mice were injected with a harmless sugar solution .In two weeks time
39% of the white mice, who were injected with Serum D contracted the highly
contagious and often fatal disease, jungle fever. Hence, it can be concluded that jungle
fever is caused by some elements similar to the elements in Serum D.

8. The above discussion would be weakened most severely in case it is shown that
A. People contracting jungle fever are usually the victims of the bite of the
South American Lesser Hooded Viper.
B. One among the 160 white mice had already contracted jungle fever prior
to the laboratory experiment.
C. The natural habitats of white mice does not contain any of the elements
found in Serum D.
D. The scientists administered the injections being ignorant of the contents of
the solutions used.
E. The 160 white mice used in the laboratory experiment were kept isolated
from each other.

Ans : B

9. The above argument would be highly empowered in case it were shown that:
A. Some of the elements in Serum D are extracted from the root of a certain
poisonous jungle wildflower.
 B. Within a period of two weeks about 40% of the white mice, who were
injected with a harmless sugar solution also contracted jungle fever.
C. Almost all the white mice died within a period of two days after the first
symptoms appeared.
D. Normally the rate of jungle fever among white mice is less than 0.01%.
E. Invariably the blood of the victims of jungle fever victims contains a high
level of a certain toxic substance also found in serum D.

Ans : E

10. Distribution of leaflets and delivering speeches on government property should be

outlawed. Radicals and fanatics have no right to use public property when
peddling their unsavory views.

The argument above is based on the postulate

A. The general public has a special concern in the free exchange of different
political views.
B. Radicals and fanatics prefer the use of public property while propagating
their viewpoint.
C. Every person who hands out leaflets and delivers speeches is a radical or
fanatic.
D. Legal constraints which are applicable to one group need not be equally
applicable to all.
E. Any political activity, which hinders the proper functioning of the
government should not be protected by the law.

Ans : C

Questions 11 - 12

Successfully adjusting to one's environment leads to happiness. War at a universal level

war destroys the weaker people, who are the most unable to adjust to their environment.
Thus, war at the universal level puts weaklings out of their misery and allows more space
for their predators to enjoy life in a better manner. As those actions have to be performed,
which maximize the level of happiness of the greatest number, war at a universal level
should take place.

11. What response would the author of the above discussion come up with, in the case
of the objection that the weaklings far exceed strong people?
I. He would respond with the statement that the person making the objection
is a weakling.
II. He would respond by saying that weaklings will be miserable no matter
what happens.
III. He would respond with the statement that the strong would be frustrated if
the weaklings are destroyed.
 A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I and II only
E. II and III only

Ans : E

12. The author's discussion would be greatly if he agreed to which of the following?

I. Technology could change the environment.

II. War at the universal level would be an integral part of the environment.
III. It is possible for the strong to survive without suppressing the weak.

A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I and III only
E. I, II and III only

Ans : A

Questions 13 - 15

Come back with us to the real America leaving behind the turmoil of civilization. The
real America is still inhabited by the eagle, the buffalo, the mountain lion and elk; it is
still spacious, sprawling and majestic. Experience the freedom and serenity still to be
found in

13. Choose the best option to complete the above statement:

A. the natural beauty of our land
B. the fascinating urban centers
C. the wild terrain of Africa
D. one's own subconscious
E. the great sprawling cities of the Southwest

Ans : A

14. The above paragraph is most likely to appear in which of the following?
A. A Hunter's Guide to The United States
B. Exploring the Great Outdoors
C. The Quiet Beauty of Alaska
D. How the Eagle Became Extinct
E. Returning to America
 Ans : D

15. When I am elected, I will work towards effecting those changes for which I have
been fighting all these years. We will work together to do away with the
bureaucratic bogs which have existed ever since my opponent took office.
Everyone of you knows what I stand for; I invite my opponent to ...

For completion of the above statement choose the best option:

A. hand in his resignation graciously

B. make his stance clear
C. stop lying to the public
D. get our city more federal aid
E. extend his support to me

Ans : B

16. We can never make our beliefs regarding the world certain. Even scientific theory
of a most rigorous and well-confirmed nature is likely to change over a decade or
even tomorrow. If we refuse to even try to understand, then it is like resigning
from the human race. Undoubtedly life of an unexamined kind is worth living in
other respects--as it is no mean thing to be a vegetable or an animal. It is also true
that a man wishes to see this speculative domain beyond his next dinner.

From the above passage it is clear that the author believes that

A. men would not do well to speculate

B. progress in the scientific field is impossible
C. one should live life with the dictum 'what will be will be'
D. men should ignore their animal needs
E. men are different from animals as far as their reasoning abilities are
concerned.

Ans : E

Questions 17-21

Two or more essences out of a stock of five essences-- L, M, N, O, and P are used in
making all perfumes by a manufacturer. He has learned that for a blend of essences to be
agreeable it should comply with all the rules listed below.

A perfume containing L, should also contain the essence N, and the quantity of N should
be twice as that of L.
A perfume containing M, must also have O as one of its components and they should be
in equal proportion.
A single perfume should never contain N as well as O.
O and P should not be used together.
A perfume containing the essence P should contain P in such a proportion that the total
amount of P present should be greater than the total amount of the other essence or
essences used.

17. Among the following which is an agreeable formula for a perfume?

A. One part L, one part P
B. Two parts M, two parts L
C. Three parts N, three parts L
D. Four parts O, four parts M
E. Five parts P, five parts M

Ans : D

18. Adding more amount of essence N will make which of the following perfumes
agreeable?
A. One part L, one part N, five parts P
B. Two parts M, two parts N, two parts P
C. One part M, one part N, one part P
D. Two parts M, one part N, four parts P
E. Two parts N, one part O, three parts P

Ans : A

19. Among the following, the addition of which combination would make an
unagreeable perfume containing two parts N and one part P agreeable?

(A) One part L (B) One part M (C) Two parts N (D) One part O (E) Two
parts P

Ans : E

20. Among the following which combination cannot be used together in an agreeable
perfume containing two or more essences?
A. L and M
B. L and N
C. L and P
D. M and O
E. P and N

Ans : A

21. Among the below mentioned formulas, which can be made agreeable by the
eliminating some or all of one essence ?
A. One part L, one part M, one part N, four parts P
B. One part L, two parts N, one part O, four parts P
 C. One part L, one part M, one part O, one part P
D. Two parts L, two parts N, one part O, two parts P
E. Two parts M, one part N, two parts O, three parts P

Ans : B

22. Everything that a person does, which is dictated by reason of ignorance is not
voluntary. Involuntary actions are those which produce pain and repentance.
Incase a man has done something in his ignorance and he does not feel vexed due
to his action, he has not acted voluntarily as he was not aware of what he was
doing, nor yet involuntarily since he is not pained.

After reading this passage we can arrive at the conclusion that:

A. A person is not a voluntary agent, if he acts by reason of ignorance and

repents. .
B. If an action is done by reason of ignorance and is not voluntary , then it
was repented.
C. A man is an involuntary agent, if he acts by reason of ignorance.
D. Some actions are either involuntary or not voluntary.
E. If a man is not a voluntary agent, then he acted by reason of ignorance and
repents.

Ans : A

23. Everything that God knows necessarily is, because even what we ourselves know
necessarily is; and, of course, our knowledge is not as certain as God's knowledge
is. But no future contingent thing necessarily is..

Among the following statements, which naturally follows from the above:

1. There are no future contingent things.

2. It is not true that God has knowledge of only necessary things.
3. God has knowledge of no contingent future things.
4. It is not possible for us to know God.
5. God has knowledge of everything. .

Ans : C

Questions 24 - 25

Some lawyers are of the view that the observation of the intrinsic qualities of
pornography in any composition depends on literary criticism and hence it is a matter of
opinion. It is rather odd, though, that in a legal connection, serious critics themselves
quite often behave as if they believed criticism to be a matter of opinion. Why be a critic
- and teach in universities - in case criticism involves nothing but uttering capricious and
arbitrary opinions ?

24. In the above argument the author is trying to establish that

A. whether a composition can be called pornographic or not is a matter of
opinion. .
B. it is not a matter of opinion whether a work is pornographic.
C. observance of the qualities of pornography is not dependent on literary
criticism.
D. critics seem hypocritical.
E. critics should not teach at universities.

Ans : D

25. The above discussion would be weakened if it is pointed out that:

A. literary critics are of the opinion that nothing is pornographic.
B. lawyers believe that the observance of the qualities of pornography is a
matter of opinion, as literary critics are not in agreement in this regard.
C. literary critics are not legal authorities.
D. literary critics should not concern themselves with deciding what is
pornographic.
E. literary critics in the teaching profession at the university level are init
only for the money.

Ans : B

Questions 26 - 31

Nine individuals - Z, Y, X, W, V, U, T, S and R - are the only candidates, who can serve
on three committees-- A, B and C, and each candidate should serve on exactly one of the
committees.

Committee A should consist of exactly one member more than committee B.

It is possible that there are no members of committee C.
Among Z, Y and X none can serve on committee A.
Among W, V and U none can serve on committee G.
Among T, S and R none can serve on committee C.

26. In case T and Z are the individuals serving on committee B, how many of the nine
individuals should serve on committee C?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
E. 7
 Ans : B

27. Of the nine individuals, the largest number that can serve together on committee
C is
A. 9
B. 8
C. 7
D. 6
E. 5

Ans : D

28. In case R is the only individual serving on committee B, which among the
following should serve on committee A?
A. W and S
B. V and U
C. V and T
D. U and S
E. T and S

Ans : E

29. In case any of the nine individuals serves on committee C, which among the
following should be the candidate to serve on committee A?
A. Z
B. Y
C. W
D. T
E. S

Ans : C

30. In case T, S and X are the only individuals serving on committee B, the total
membership of committee C should be:
A. Z and Y
B. Z and W
C. Y and V
D. Y and U
E. X and V

Ans : A

31. Among the following combinations which could constitute the membership of
committee C?
A. Y and T
B. X and U
 C. Y, X and W
D. W, V and U
E. Z, X, U and R

Ans : B

Questions 32 - 34

(M, N, O and P are all different individuals)

I. M is the daughter of N.
II. N is the son of O
III. O is the father of P.

32. Among the following statements, which is true ?

A. O is the uncle of M.
B. P and N are brothers
C. M is the daughter of P.
D. If B is the daughter of N, then M and B are sisters.
E. If C is the granddaughter of O, then C and M are sisters.

Ans : D

33. Which among the following statements is contradictory to the above premises?
A. P is the father of M.
B. O has three children.
C. M has one brother.
D. M is the granddaughter of O.
E. Another party C, could be the mother of M.

Ans : A

34. If B is the son of N and B has one brother, D, then

I. M is the sister of D.
II. D and N are brothers.
III. O is the grandfather of D.

A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I and III only
E. I and II only

Ans : D
Questions 35 - 41

The only people to attend a conference were four ship captains and the first mates of
three of those captains. The captains were L, M, N and O; the first mates were A, D and
G. Each person in turn delivered a report to the assembly as follows:

Each of the first mates delivered their report exactly after his or her captain. The first
captain to speak was M, and captain N spoke after him.

35. Among the following which is not an appropriate order of delivered reports?
A. M, A, N, G, O, L, D
B. M, D, N, G, L, O, A
C. M, N, A, L, D, O, G
D. M, N, A, O, D, L, G
E. M, N, G, D, O, L, A

Ans : E

36. In case L speaks after A, and A is the third of the first mates to speak, then among
the following statements which would be untrue?
A. O spoke immediately after G.
B. The order of the first four speakers was M, G, N, D.
C. O's first mate was present.
D. A was the fourth speaker after M.
E. The captains spoke in the order M, N, O, L.

Ans : D

37. Among the following statements which statement must be true?

A. In case the second speaker was a captain, the seventh speaker was a first
mate.
B. In case the second speaker was a first mate, the seventh speaker was a
captain.
C. In case the third speaker was a first mate, the seventh speaker was a
captain.
D. In case the third speaker was a captain, the seventh speaker was a first
mate.
E. In case the seventh speaker was a first mate, the first and third speakers
were captains.

Ans : A

38. In case A spoke immediately after L and immediately before O, and O was not the
last speaker, L spoke
 A. second
B. third
C. fourth
D. fifth
E. sixth

Ans : C

39. In case G is M's first mate, D could be the person who spoke immediately
A. prior to T
B. prior to L
C. prior to V
D. after T
E. after V

Ans : D

40. In case A is the third of the first mates to speak, and L is the captain whose first
mate is not present, which among the following statements must be true?
A. A spoke sometime before L.
B. D spoke sometime before O.
C. L spoke sometime before O.
D. O spoke sometime before L.
E. O spoke sometime before N.

Ans : B

41. Among the following statements, which would make M, D, N, G, L, O, A the

only possible sequence of speakers?
A. D is M's first mate; G is N's first mate; A is O's first mate.
B. D is M's first mate; G is N's first mate; A was the second to speak after L.
C. The order of the first four speakers was M, D, N, G.
D. The order of the last three speakers was L, O, A.
E. The order in which the captains spoke was M, N, L, O.

Ans : B

Questions 42 - 45

1. The microbe A causes the contagious disease A.

2. The first symptoms appear after a period of two days since the microbe A enters
the body.
3. The microbe A is found in some flies and bees.
4. A fly bit Jack on Monday, February 6.
5. Nick worked with Jack the next day, Tuesday, February 7.
There were no other possibilities of exposure to Disease A.

42. In case Jack showed symptoms of Disease A, which of the following statements
would be true?
I. Jack contracted the Disease A from Nick.
II. Jack first noticed symptoms of Disease A on February 8.
III. The fly that Jack was bitten by was not a carrier of the microbe A.

A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I and II only
E. I and III only

Ans : B

43. In case Nick displayed symptoms of the disease A, which among the following
would be true?
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. II and III only
E. I, II and III

Ans : D

44. In case Jack displayed symptoms of Disease A, which would be true?

I. Jack was also bitten by a fly on February 5.

II. Jack was bitten by a mosquito which carried the microbe A.
III. Nick contracted Disease A from Jack.

1. I only
2. II only
3. III only
4. I and II only
5. II and III only

Ans : D

43. In case Nick displayed the symptoms of Disease A which would be true?

I. Nick was bitten by a bee on February 6.

II. Nick ate food which contained the microbe A.
III. Nick also worked with Jack on February 6.
 1. I only
2. II only
3. III only
4. I and II only
5. I, II and III

Ans : A

Questions 46 - 47

The principal evil in today's society is selfishness. Everywhere we see people, who are
concerned only with themselves. Personal advancement is the only motivating force in
the world today. This does not mean that individuals are not willing to help one another;
on the contrary, _________. But, these are only short-term occurrences which ultimately
serve our long-term goal of personal gain.

46. To fill in the blank in the above passage, select one of the options from the below
mentioned options:
1. we are always trying to undermine others’ endeavors.
2. my uncle Jeremy used to help me with my homework.
3. no one can be trusted, not even close friends.
4. our yearning for power prevents us from understanding our existential
purpose.
5. there are many occasions when we graciously offer our assistance.

Ans : E

47. Which among the following options would most strongly contradict the author's
attitude towards society?
1. The greatest strength of society is altruism.
2. The forces of good will ultimately triumph over evil.
3. Our short-term actions may ostensibly contradict our long-term goals.
4. We must all learn the art of selfishness.
5. Morality is the bedrock of a growing community.

Ans : A

48. It can be proved by an example that our words are devoid of meaning as they
cannot be distinguished from their opposites. People think that they are aware of
the difference between the meanings of 'bald' and 'having hair' Let us suppose that
an average twenty-one year old has X strands of hair on his or her head. We say
that such a person is not bald but has hair. But surely one hair less would make no
difference, and a person with X - 1 hairs on his or her head would be said to have
hair. Suppose we go on like this, decreasing one hair at a time, the result would be
the same. Then what difference would there be between someone who has one
 hair and someone who has none? We call them both bald. Thus, we cannot make
a distinction between the terms 'bald' and 'having hair.'

Among the following statements, which statement best counters the argument
above?

A. The word 'bald' can be translated into other languages.

B. A word can have more than one meaning.
C. A word such as 'monkey' can be applied to several animals that differ in
some respects.
D. Words can lack precision without being meaningless.
E. People cannot think clearly without using words.

Ans : D

49. Virus M helps in controlling the population of gnats; they manage to do this by
killing the moth's larvae. Though the virus is always present in the larvae, it is
only every six or seven years that the virus seriously decimates the numbers of
larvae, greatly reducing the population of the gnats. Scientists are of the opinion
that the gnats, usually latent, are activated only when the larvae experience
biological stress.

In case the above mentioned scientists are correct, it can be inferred that the
decimation of gnat populations by the virus M could be most probably activated
by the following conditions?

A. A shift by the gnats from drought areas to a normal area occupied by them
B. The resultant stress from defoliation of trees attacked by the gnats for the
second consecutive year.
C. Attacks on the larvae by all kinds by parasitic wasps and flies.
D. Starvation of the gnat larvae due to over population.
E. Spraying of gnat infested areas with laboratory - raised Virus M.

Ans : D

50. In a particular code, the digits from 0 to 9 inclusive are each represented by a
different letter of the alphabet, the letter always representing the same digit. In
case the following sum

BOPB
+SKB
--------
CVBQ

holds true when it is expressed in digits, which of the following cannot be

properly inferred:
 A. B cannot be 0.
B. B must be less than 5.
C. Q must be even.
D. O + S must be greater than 8.
E. C must be greater than B by 1.

Ans : B

Questions 51 - 56

There are three on-off switches on a control panel A, B, and C. They have to be changed
from an initial setting to a second setting according to the following conditions : In case
only switch A is the switch on in the initial setting , then turn on switch B.

In case switches A and B are the only switches on in the initial setting, then turn on
switch C. In case all the three switches are on initially setting, then turn off the switch C.
For any other initial setting, turn on all switches that are off and turn off all switches, if
any, that are on.

51. In case in the initial setting is the switches A and B are on and the switch C is off,
then what could be the second setting?
A. A on, B on, C on.
B. A on, B off, C on.
C. A on, B off, C off.
D. A off, B on, C off.
E. A off, B off, C on.

Ans : A

52. In case switch B is the only switch on in the initial setting, what must be the
second setting?
A. A on, B on, C on.
B. A on, B on, C off.
C. A on, B off, C on.
D. A off, B off, C on.
E. A off, B off, C off.

Ans : C

53. In case all the three switches are on in the second setting, which among the
following could have been the initial setting ?
A. A on, B on, C on.
B. A on, B on, C off.
C. A on, B off, C on.
 D. A on, B off, C off.
E. A off, B on, C off

Ans : B

54. In case switch A is off in the second setting, which among the following could
have been the initial setting ?
A. A on, B on, C on.
B. A on, B on, C off.
C. A on, B off, C on.
D. A on, B off, C off.
E. A off, B on, C off.

Ans : C

55. In case only switch B is on in the second setting, which among the following
could have been the initial setting ?
A. A on, B on, C on.
B. A on, B off, C on.
C. A off, B on, C off.
D. A off, B off, C on.
E. A off, B off, C off.

Ans : B

56. Which among the following initial settings leads to a second setting, where only
one switch is off ?
A. A on, B on, C off.
B. A on, B off, C on.
C. A off, B on, C on.
D. A off, B on, C off.
E. A off, B off, C off.

Ans : D

Analytical Section : Analytical Reasoning

Questions 57 - 59

A bus has exactly six stops on its route. The bus first stops at stop one and then at stops
two, three, four, five, and six respectively. After the bus leaves stop six, the bus turns and
returns to stop one and repeats the cycle. The stops are at six building that are, in
alphabetical order L, M, N, O, P, and Q.
P is the third stop.
M is the sixth stop.
The stop O is the stop immediately before Q.
N is the stop immediately before L.

57. In case N is the fourth stop, which among the following must be the stop
immediately before P ?
A. O
B. Q
C. N
D. L
E. M

Ans : B

58. In case L is the second stop, which among the following must be the stop
immediately before M ?
A. N
B. L
C. P
D. O
E. Q

Ans : E

59. In case a passenger gets on the bus at O, rides past one of the stops, and gets off at
P, which of the following must be true ?
A. O is stop one.
B. Q is stop three.
C. P is stop four.
D. N is stop five.
E. L is stop six.

Ans : A

60. A survey recently conducted revealed that marriage is fattening. The survey found
that on an average, women gained 23 pounds and men gained 18 pounds during
13 years of marriage. The answer to which among the following questions would
be the most appropriate in evaluating the reasoning presented in the survey ?
A. Why is the time period of the survey 13 years, rather than 12 or 14 ?
B. Did any of the men surveyed gain less than 18 pounds during the period
they were married ?
C. How much weight is gained or lost in 13 years by a single people of
comparable age to those studied in the survey ?
D. When the survey was conducted were the women as active as the men?
 E. Will the gains seen in the study be retained over the lifetimes of the
surveyed persons?

Ans : C

61. Classical works occupy a unique and peculiar position. They are imperishable as
cultural landmarks, but the views expressed in some of the works are often
superseded by newer views. But the classics survive just like ancient castles, as
imposing features of the landscape, yet unsuited for habitation unless remodeled.

The principal point put forth in the above passage is that classical works.

A. Demand our respect and admiration even if their ideas are no longer
current.
B. Prove to be obstacles in the path of new ideas as they are unduly
respected.
C. Should be preserved and treasured as scholarly opinion keeps changing
and they will come into fashion again.
D. Lose their distinctive features as time passes.
E. Are not given due consideration by the younger generation.

Ans : A

62. Experts in the field of forestry are now questioning the policy of attempting to
extinguish all forest fires instead of allowing them to run their course and die out
on their own. The study of forest fires indicates that in the long run, forest fires
may in fact, be beneficial to the ecology as a whole.

Among the following, which statement would logically follow from one of the
’observations’ referred to in the passage above ?

A. Most of the forest fires are causes due to natural reasons like lightning
rather than as a result of human carelessness.
B. Every year the number of people dying as they attempt to fight forest fires
is greater than the number of people who would have died or suffered
injury if the fires were allowed to run their own course.
C. Accumulation of highly flammable dead brushwood and timber, which
could lead to massive uncontrollable fires is prevented by frequent small
forest fires.
D. The animal and plant life destroyed by forest fires seldom represents
endangered species.
E. Studies indicate that forest fires regularly occurred in the times prior to
human occupation of forest areas.

Ans : C
 63. There is a theory that the dinosaurs inhabiting the earth were destroyed when a
huge heavenly body hit the earth. The impact of the heavenly body when it struck
the earth threw a mass of pulverized debris into the atmosphere. This dust created
a fog, which blocked the sunlight depleting plant life. This resulted in the
perishing of the plant-eating dinosaurs; the meat-eating dinosaurs, who preyed on
the plant-eaters inturn starved to death.

Which among the following statements, would best support the above mentioned
theory, if true?

A. Enough dust has been sent into the atmosphere by modern volcanic
explosions to change the color of sunsets around the world for several
years.
B. Craters formed by heavenly bodies are plentiful in several areas of the
South west where many dinosaur fossils have also been found.
C. Studies conducted recently on the bone structure of dinosaurs show that
they were very agile and not ponderous awkward animals as popularly
believed.
D. The sedimentary rock strata of the earth formed from atmospheric dust at
the time the dinosaurs disappeared contains minerals and other trace
elements in proportions characteristic of the heavenly bodies.
E. Many meat-and plant-eating species of mammals who coexisted with the
dinosaurs continue to exist today, although with a slightly modified
appearance.

Ans : D

Questions 64 - 70

Five educational films A, B, C, D, & E are to be shown to a group of students. The films
are to be shown in a particular order, which conforms to the following conditions:

A must be shown earlier than C.

B must be shown earlier than D.
E should be the fifth film shown.

64. Which among the following is an acceptable order for showing the educational
films ?
A. A, C, B, D, E
B. A, C, D, E, B
C. B, D, C, A, E
D. B, D, E, A, C
E. E, B, C, A, D

Ans : D
65. In case C is shown earlier than E, which among the following will hold true ?
A. A is the first film shown.
B. B is the second film shown.
C. C is the third film shown.
D. D is the fifth film shown.
E. E is the fourth film shown.

Ans : D

66. In case D is to be shown earlier than A, then for which among the following is
there exactly one position from first through fifth in which it can be scheduled to
be shown ?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
E. E

Ans : C

67. Which among the following is a pair of films that CANNOT both be shown
earlier than E ?
A. A and B
B. A and D
C. B and C
D. B and D
E. C and D

Ans : E

68. In case D and E are shown as far apart from each other as possible, which among
the following would be true ?
A. A is shown earlier than B.
B. B is shown earlier than C.
C. C is shown earlier than E.
D. D is shown earlier than A.
E. E is shown earlier than B.

Ans : E

69. In case B, D and E are to be shown one after the other in the given order, the two
positions from first to fifth in which A could possibly be shown are
A. first and second.
B. first and fourth.
C. second and third.
D. third and fifth.
 E. fourth and fifth.

Ans : B

70. In case exactly one film is shown between A and C, and exactly one film is shown
between B and D, which among the following will hold true ?
A. B is the film shown between A and C.
B. C is the film shown between B and D.
C. E is the film shown between A and C.
D. D is the last film shown.
E. E is the first film shown.

Ans : E

71. Authorities concerned with mass transport in metropolitan cities are struggling
with deficits. Commuters complain about delays and breakdowns, cuts in service,
and fares higher than they are accustomed to paying. For all these reasons and
because the price of fuel is still not prohibitive, the number of commuters using
public transportation has fallen, adding to the deficits.

Which among the following statements about the relationship between the number
of commuters using public transportation and the price of fuel is best supported
by the above passage?

A. With the rise in the price of fuel, there is a rise in the number of
commuters using public transportation.
B. Even if the price of fuel rises, the number of commuters using public
transportation will continue to decline.
C. The number of commuters using public transportation will rise, if the price
of fuel rises to a prohibitive level.
D. Most of the commuters using public transportation do not use fuel,
therefore fluctuations in the price of fuel is unlikely to affect the number
of commuters using public transportation.
E. The price of fuel is always low enough to make private transportation
cheaper than public transportation; therefore fluctuations in the price of
fuel is unlikely to affect the number of commuters using public
transportation.

Ans : C

72. Pharmaceutical firms are now engaged in the production of analogues of

endorphins, peptides, which are thought to transmit messages among brain cells,
which bring about pain relief. The pharmaceutical firms claim that the analogues,
 when injected into the bloodstream, will lead to effective and long-lasting pain
relief by increasing the action of peptides already present in the brain.

The claims put forth by the pharmaceutical firms would be considerably

weakened if it were true that

A. Compared to the other types of neurotransmitters present in the brain,

endorphins remain active for a longer time period.
B. Certain peptides have been traced in parts besides the brain, like the
alimentary canal and the skin.
C. It is easier and cheaper to produce analogues of peptides in the laboratory
than the peptides themselves.
D. Analogues of peptides, which are found naturally in the body are often
filtered from the blood before the blood circulates in the brain.
E. Endorphins interact chemically both with other naturally occurring
peptides and with the brain's other neurotransmitters.

Ans : D

73. Quite often it happens that a particular crisis or opportunity induces people to find
a practical use for things, which originally had no serious purpose. To exemplify
this principle, consider dolls and mannequins, programmed to move and built for
the delight of the wealthy in the eighteenth century; these were the forerunners of
the modern computer. Similarly, it is almost certain that pets were the first
domesticated animals. Domestication of animals seems to have arisen as an
amusement long before it had any practical application.

Which among the following, provides another example supporting the above
mentioned principle, if true?

A. America was discovered as a by-product of the search for ginger, cloves,

pepper, and cinnamon.
B. Children often imitate adults in their games.
C. Till the commercial and scientific potential of the spyglass was recognized
and its power of magnification was improved it remained a mere source of
diversion.
D. Some culture horses were used only for pleasure and not for work, even
though in those cultures people had to labor hard in the absence of
laboring animals.
E. People who made moving dolls and mannequins in the eighteenth century
were also clockmakers.

Ans : C

74. Ever since the communications-entertainment firms have taken over publishing
concerns, the management's new methods have increased the financial profits of
 commercial publishing. This is done at the price of narrowing the range of
available books to the public and by catering to the vulgar tastes of the new
buyers of books. There business has boomed ; but in the process the losers are the
majority of authors or aspiring writers, and all discriminating readers.

In case the above statement is true, which among the following will hold true?

A. Profitable business ventures are relatively new in the publishing world.

B. The readership which commercial publishing caters to today is different
from the readership served in the past.
C. The profits resulting from the methods introduced by communications-
entertainment management will encourage literary writers to work against
all the odds.
D. The limited range of books available to the public is directed toward a
more discriminating audience.
E. The public is not aware of the trend in the publishing industry, which
tends to specialize in publishing blockbuster books.

Ans : B

75. It is popularly believed that teachers are more or less indifferent about the
microcomputer technology. This assumption is false, or at least dated. A survey
recently conducted indicated that 80 percent of the 7,000 surveyed teachers
revealed a high level of interest in microcomputers.

Among the following statements which would most damage the above argument
if proved to be true?

A. There was no attempt made in the survey to ascertain whether the

surveyed teachers had any previous exposure to microcomputers.
B. Teachers interested in microcomputer technology were more likely to
complete and return the questionnaires than others.
C. Irrespective of their subject area, their expertise and their teaching
experience questionnaires were received by the teachers.
D. After the survey results were tabulated there have been many
developments in the applications of microcomputer technology.
E. A company manufacturing and selling microcomputers conducted the
survey.

Ans : B

Questions 76 - 79

Six scientists A, B, C, D, E, and F are to present a paper each at a one-day conference.

Three of them will present their papers in the morning session before the lunch break
whereas the other three will be presented in the afternoon session. The lectures have to be
scheduled in such a way that they comply with the following restrictions:

B's should present his paper immediately before C's presentation; their presentations
cannot be separated by the lunch break.
D must be either the first or the last scientist to present his paper.

76. In case C is to be the fifth scientist to present his paper, then B must be
A. first
B. second
C. third
D. fourth
E. sixth

Ans : D

77. B could be placed for any of the following places in the order of presenters
EXCEPT
A. first
B. second
C. third
D. fourth
E. fifth

Ans : C

78. In case F is to present his paper immediately after D presents his paper, C could
be scheduled for which of the following places in the order of presenters?
A. First
B. Second
C. Third
D. Fourth
E. Fifth

Ans : E

79. In case F and E are the fifth and sixth presenters respectively then which of the
following must be true?
A. A is first in the order of presenters.
B. A is third in the order of presenters.
C. A is fourth in the order of presenters.
D. B is first in the order of presenters.
E. C is fourth in the order of presenters.

Ans : C
uestions 80 - 82

In a small inn, one or more of the chefs have to perform duty during dinnereveryday. The
chefs are Nicholas, Antonio, and Jeremy.

None of them can be assigned to dinner duty two or more days in a row.

80. In case Antonio and Jeremy share the dinner duty thrice over a five-day period,
which among the following would be true?
A. Nicholas is on dinner duty alone on the first of the five days.
B. Nicholas is on dinner duty alone on the second of the five days.
C. Nicholas is on dinner duty alone on the third of the five days.
D. Antonio and Jeremy share dinner duty on the second of the five days.
E. Antonio and Jeremy share dinner duty on the fourth of the five days.

Ans : C

81. In case Nicholas and Antonio share dinner duty on Monday of some week, and if
Antonio and Jeremy share dinner duty on Thursday of the same week, which of
the following would be true for that week?
A. Antonio is on dinner duty alone on Tuesday.
B. Jeremy is on dinner duty alone on Wednesday.
C. Nicholas and Jeremy share dinner duty on Wednesday.
D. Nicholas is on duty alone on Tuesday, and Antonio is on breakfast duty
alone on Wednesday.
E. Jeremy is on breakfast duty alone on Tuesday, and Nicholas is on
breakfast duty alone on Wednesday.

Ans : E

82. Which among the following could be true of some four-day period?
A. On three of the four days, pairs of chefs were on dinner duty.
B. On one of the four days, all three chefs were on dinner duty.
C. Antonio drew twice as many dinner assignments as did Jeremy.
D. Nicholas drew three times as many dinner assignments as did Antonio.
E. Both Nicholas and Antonio drew three times as many dinner assignments
as did Jeremy.

Ans : C

83. Which among the following statements is the most probable taking into
consideration the source and the degree of seriousness with which they are
uttered?
 A. Examiner: "The exam will be taken under the honor system: the professors
have the honor, and the students have the system."
B. Banker: "The low percentage of Jews in this bank has nothing to do with
discrimination. Jews don't seem to be interested in banking."
C. Book cover: "This book is sure to become the last word in its field."
D. Politician: "My opponent has an impeccable political and personal
record."
E. Artist: "Einstein's theory of relativity falsifies life."

Ans : D

84. Tom: It is likely that Greece will be humiliated in the Cyprus affair. In case she
fights Turkey, she will be defeated in battle; whereas if she doesn't fight, letting
Turkey win, she will be humiliated, as she would then seem impotent.

Sarah: In that case Greece could always call the Soviet Union to her aid.

Sarah attacks Tom's argument by:

A. attacking Tom on a personal level.

B. attacking Tom's method of reasoning
C. siding with Greece
D. advocating passive resistance
E. citing an alternative which was overlooked by Tom.

Ans : E

85. In case Sue sits between Pete and Harry, then Harry sits between Sue and Mike.
Harry won't be there unless Sue sits next to Mike. Hence, Sue will not sit between
Pete and Harry.

Apart from the above mentioned statements, what additional premises are
assumed by the author of this argument?

Mike sits next to Sue if no one sits between them.

If Sue sits between Pete and Harry, then Sue sits between Harry and Pete.

If Harry isn't there, then he doesn't sit next to Mike.

A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
E. None of the above

Ans : B
Questions 86 - 89

An increasing number of people prefer to retain their own individuality and their own
identity and consequently this has lead to a decline in the marriage rate.

86. Which among the following assumptions are used in the above premises?
I. When a person is married, he or she loses his or her own identity and is no
longer accountable to himself or herself.
II. Married persons do not find contentment as opposed to unmarried people.
III. There has been a steady increase in the divorce rate.

A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I and II only
E. I, II, and III

Ans : A

87. Among the following statements, which would weaken the above argument?
A. The stability resulting from marriage offsets the negative aspects of the
dual responsibility of husband and wife.
B. Most people are not mature enough to be married.
C. Among most married couples the wife wants to have children.
D. There are a differing set of values honored by men and women.
E. It is advantageous to be single form a tax point of view.

Ans : A

88. Which among the following would strengthen the above argument?
A. Very few people prefer to bring up a family.
B. Emotionally divorce is not an easy procedure.
C. 700 couples from 1000 surveyed couples complained that they were losing
their identity.
D. Married people have to make a considerable effort to make the marriage
last.
E. The financial complications arising from a divorce are becoming
decreasingly complicated.

Ans : C

89. Emma: Financially the private university is ruined. In case it raises its tuition fees,
the number of paying students will come down and if they refrain from raising the
fees the university will go bankrupt.
 Richard: The pay of the teachers and professors could be cut.
Richard responds to Emma’s argument by

A. drawing attention to an earlier overlooked alternative.

B. attacking her method of reasoning.
C. resigning himself to the demise of the private university.
D. attacking Emma on a personal level.
E. taking the side of the university as against that of the students.

Ans : A

Questions 90 - 92

Mrs. Green wishes to renovate her cottage. She hires the services of a plumber, a
carpenter, a painter, an electrician, and an interior decorator. The renovation is to
completed in a period of one working week i.e. Monday to Friday. Every worker will be
taking one complete day to do his job. Mrs. Green will allow just one person to work per
day.

1. The painter can do his work only after the plumber and the carpenter have
completed their jobs.
2. The interior decorator has to complete his job before that of the electrician.
3. The carpenter cannot work on Monday or Tuesday.

90. In case the painter works on Thursday, which among the following alternatives is
possible?
A. The electrician works on Tuesday.
B. The electrician works on Friday.
C. The interior decorator does his work after the painter.
D. The plumber and the painter work on consecutive days.
E. Mrs. Green cannot fit all of the workers into schedule.

Ans : B

91. In case the painter works on Friday, which among the following statements must
be untrue?
A. The carpenter may work on Wednesday.
B. The carpenter and the electrician may work on consecutive days.
C. In case the carpenter works on Thursday, the electrician has to work on the
previous day i.e. Wednesday.
D. The plumber may work before the electrician does.
E. The electrician may work on Tuesday.

Ans : C

92. Which arrangement among the following is possible?

 A. The electrician will work on Tuesday and the interior decorator on Friday.
B. The painter will work on Wednesday and the plumber on Thursday.
C. The carpenter will work on Tuesday and the painter on Friday.
D. The painter will work on Monday and the carpenter on Thursday.
E. The carpenter will work on Wednesday and the plumber on Thursday.

Ans : E

93. According to the laws pertaining to the use of recyclable containers, beverages are
sold only in reusable containers. The people who object to such laws point out
that the collection of reusable bottles requires gasoline, and washing them
requires water; but, it takes less water to wash these containers than it does to
make throwaway bottles. The expenditure saved due to the saved water exceeds
the cost of the gasoline used to transport empty bottles.

The above passage directly answers which of the below mentioned objections to
recyclable beverage containers?

A. It is likely that consumers will continue to discard even the recyclable

containers.
B. Consumers will find it an inconvenience to return bottles.
C. The extra expense involved in recycling would raise the prices of
beverages.
D. Recycling would be detrimental to the glass and plastic industries, which
produce containers.
E. Recycling of containers only partially answers the problem of disposal of
solid waste.

Ans : C

94. A recently conducted study reveals that the prospects for success in later
schooling for 3-5 old children were improved by a particular educational plan.
From this it follows that the introduction of similar education plans for all 3-5
year old children will lead to an improvement in their chances for success in later
schooling.

Which among the following would weaken the above argument if true?

A. Parents of preschool children in the United States get attracted to fads in

the educational field, without having a clear idea of the type of early
educational plans which would benefit their children.
B. The cognitive abilities of children are constantly changing between ages
three and five
 C. The people who conducted the research included quite a few children who
had earlier been exposed to another educational enrichment program.
D. Many parents are of the view that formal training at an early age takes up
the time, which the children could better spend exploring their worlds
independently.
E. To establish such educational programs at a national level would require
extraordinary public expense.

Ans : C

Questions 95 - 97

Three girls Joan, Rita, and Kim and two boys Tim and Steve are the only dancers in a
dance program, which consists of six numbers in this order: One a duet; two a duet; three
a solo; four a duet; five a solo; and six a duet.

None of the dancers is in two consecutive numbers or in more than two numbers.
The first number in which Tim appears is the one that comes before the first number in
which Kim appears.
The second number in which Tim appears is one that comes after the second number in
which Kim appears.

95. Which among the following is a complete and accurate list of those numbers that
could be the last one in which Kim performs?
A. Three
B. Four
C. Five
D. Three, Four
E. Four, Five

Ans : E

96. Rita must perform only in duets if

A. Kim is in number two
B. Kim is in number five
C. Tim is in number one
D. Tim is in number two
E. Tim is in number six

Ans : D

97. In case Steve is in number five, number four must consist of

A. two women
B. two men
C. Tim and a woman
D. Rita and a man
 E. Kim and a man

Ans : A