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Related Tools 
RMS Voltage Calculator

This calculator calculates the RMS Voltage value from either the peak voltage, the
peak-to-peak voltage, or the average voltage.

Input
Peak Voltage (Vp)

Volts (V)

Output
RMS Voltage(Vrms)

Volts (V)
Overview
The RMS voltage calculator calculates the RMS voltage value from the peak voltage, the peak-to-peak voltage,
or the average voltage. It calculates the RMS voltage based on the above formulas for each.

Equations
1

Vrms =
√2 ∗ V = 0.707 ∗ VP
P

1
2√2
Vrms = ∗ VP − P = 0.353 ∗ VP − P

π
2√2
Vrms = ∗ Vavg = 1.111 ∗ Vavg

VP

: The maximum instantaneous value of a function as measured from the zero-volt level. For the waveform
shown above, the peak amplitude and peak value are the same, since the average value of the function is zero
volts.

VP − P

: The full voltage between positive and negative peaks of the waveform; that is, the sum of the magnitude of the
positive and negative peaks.

Vrms

: The root-mean-square or effective value of a waveform.

Vavg

: The level of a waveform defined by the condition that the area enclosed by the curve above this level is
exactly equal to the area enclosed by the curve below this level.

Further Reading
Textbook - Basic AC Theory

Worksheet - Peak, Average and RMS Measurements

Video - Sine Wave Characteristics

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