POLICY HASAWA S2 (3) ORGANISING Creating framework for ensuring PLANNING & IMPLEMENTATION

3 sections:- policy goals are achieved. Should address: Planning & implementing action to
Statement of Intent - Sets H&S objectives & Control of risks & staff achieve the policy objectives. All are
demonstrates top level commitment H&S Management involved in identifying & assessing
Communication essential to have effective
Organisation - identifies H&S responsibilities at all communication systems throughout risks. Risks can then be eliminated
levels; Provides reporting structure; allows organisation through selection & design (Principles
delegation of work to appropriate levels Co-operation between all levels of Prevention) or reduced using
Arrangements - arrangements to ensure that the Competence to ensure safe working controls (Controls Hierarchy).
policy can be implemented effectively. Consists of Aims to empower staff to contribute to H&S
detailed procedures and systems on specific areas & drive culture forward
e.g. manual handling, emergency procedures etc.
RISK ASSESSMENT
HSG65 Model •Identify hazards
•Identify who might be harmed
•Evaluate risk
Policy 1.Estimate adequacy of existing
controls
REVIEWING PERFORMANCE Organising 2.Likelihood of incident
Examines all information gained from occurring
monitoring & auditing activities. Planning & 3.Severity of potential
Aims to ensure that all parts of H&S consequences
management system are working Implementation 4.Recommend further action -
effectively & that policy objectives are elimination or control
being achieved. Results can be used to Measuring Performance •Record assessment
•Monitor & Review
modify the policy objectives to ensure
continuous improvement.
Auditing
Review can take place against internal Reviewing Performance
standards or performance indicators,
CONTROLS HIERARCHY
and external performance indicators
Eliminate
(benchmarking)
MEASURING PERFORMANCE - against pre-set Substitute
standards to see where improvements are required. Engineering controls
Standards can be set by policy or by risk control
measures. Management controls
PPE
AUDITING
Used to systematically examine the
whole H&S management system, to
establish its effectiveness. REACTIVE MONITORING - examines loss
Should be independent & take place at data to identify the causes of poor performance
ACTIVE MONITORING - used to assess whether
planned intervals. which can then be used to plan corrective
the H&S management system is working
Aims to assess the adequacy of action required. Methods: Examining accident
properly, and to identify any corrective action
• Management arrangements reports & investigations, near miss reports,
required, before losses occur. Methods: H&S
• Risk control systems complaints, claims etc;
inspections, tours, surveys, sampling, audit.
• Workplace control measures
Reasons for maintaining good standard
Moral
Moral duty of employer to provide safe
workplaces, machinery, equipment,
protective clothing and equipment,
training, instruction to ensure that
appropriate measure are taken for the
workers’ Health and Safety.
Legal
Employers have particular legal
responsibilities to protect their workers
and others from harm at work or arising
from work activities.
Economic
More accidents can effect the
productivity, cause business interruption
and bad image in both public and
private. Employers have to protect their
workers and others from ill health and
injuries to improve the productivity and
avoid direct and indirect costs in shape
of compensations, legal fees, lost of
work days, fines, hospitalization,
absenteeism etc
 External source KEY ELEMNTS OF SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Internal source Policy - clear statement of commitment to health and safety

– Accident records • National legislation Organising

–Roles and responsibilities for health and safety
– Medical records • Safety data sheets –At all levels in the organisation
Planning and Implementing
– Risk assessments • Codes of practice –Detailed arrangements to manage H&S
– Maintenance reports Risk assessments!
• Guidance notes Evaluation
– Safety inspections –Methods to monitor and review the effectiveness of the arrangements
• Operating instructions
– Audit reports Action for Improvement
–Steps to correct issues found in the review
• Trade associations
– Safety committee Audit
minutes –dependent, critical and systematic review of the management system
• Safety publications

Direct Costs of Accident:

Fines
Compensation payouts • Employers responsibilities
Medical costs • Safe place of work – and safe access and
Sick pay egress
Compensation • Safe plant and equipment – the need to
High insurance premium inspect, service and replace machinery
Indirect Costs of Accident: will depend on the level of risk
Delays to production following the
• Safe system of work – should be safe in
accident
Lost time for investigation all circumstances - appropriate review,
Lost morale and damaged worker planning and control ensure continued
relationships safety of methods
Cost of recruitment of replacements • Training and supervision to ensure
Lost reputation competency
 CONTRACTOR SELECTION Factors Promoting a Negative Culture
•Health and safety policy
Lack of leadership from management
•Risk assessments
Presence of a blame culture
•Qualifications and training records Lack of management commitment to safety
Health and safety a lower priority than other issues
•Membership of a professional organization Organisational changes
High staff turnover rates
•Maintenance and equipment testing
Lack of resources e.g. too few workers, low investment
•Previous or current clients Lack of worker consultation
Interpersonal issues e.g. peer group pressure, bullying
•Accident records Poor management systems and procedures
External influences e.g. economic climate
•Eenforcement action
Factors to Consider for emergency
•Adequate resources
arrangement
1. Identify type of emergencies
2. Assess the effect.
First aid Coverage will depend on: 3. Form Emergency Response Team
• The general risk level of the workplace 4. Roles and Responsibilities
• The hazards present in the workplace 5. Prepare evacuation procedures
6. Communication system.
• Accident history 7. Escape route and sign boards
• Vulnerable persons 8. Assembly points
• The number of workers 9. Muster call
• Work patterns and shift systems 10. Mock drills
11. Equipments required
• Workplace location (geographic) 12. First aid facilities
• The spread of the workplace 13. Emergency contact numbers.
14. Establish contacts with police, hospital etc.
Three factors contributing employee behavior
Hierarchy of risk control
Elimination
Substitution
Engineering controls
–isolation, total enclosure
–separation, segregation
–partial enclosure
–safety devices
Administrative controls
–safe systems of work
–reduced exposure
–reduced time of exposure,
dose
–information, instruction,
training and supervision
Personal Protective
Equipment
Benefits of PPE
Limitations of PPE
Interim control
Some situations only control option
Emergency back up
Cheap (short term)
Immediate protection
Limitations of PPE
Doesn’t remove hazard
Only protects the wearer
Requires good fit
Relies on wearer
Requires training
Uncomfortable
May increase overall risk
Incompatibility
Unpopular so often unworn
Fails to danger
No good if wrongly selected
Contamination
Expensive long term
Reactive Advantages Disadvantages
• Accidents • Independent of • Expensive
any internal • Time consuming
• Incidents influence
• Ill health statistics • May not
External • Fresh pair of understand the
• Near misses Audits eyes business so make
• Dangerous occurrences • May have impractical
• Complaints by workforce wider suggestions
• Civil Claims experienced at • Difficult to arrange
Proactive auditing
• Safety audits • Experience of
• Safety inspections different types
• Safety surveys of workplace
• Safety tour • Recommendati
ons often carry
• Safety sampling
more weight
• Benchmarking
• Up to date with
• HAZOP law
• Health surveillance
• More able to
• Performance review be critical