2.

094 — Finite Element Analysis of Solids and Fluids Fall ‘08

Lecture 12 - Total Lagrangian formulation

Prof. K.J. Bathe MIT OpenCourseWare

We discussed:
� �
t ∂ txi � t �−1 t
0X = ⇒ d tx = 0tX d 0x, d 0x = 0X dx (12.1)
∂ 0xj
t
0C = 0tX T 0tX (12.2)
� �
0
� t �−1 ∂ xi
d 0x = 0t X d tx where 0t X = 0X = (12.3)
∂ txj

The Green-Lagrange strain:

t 1 �t T t � 1 �t �
0� = 0X 0X − I = 0C − I (12.4)
2 2
Polar decomposition:
t 1 �� t � 2 �
0X = 0tR0tU ⇒ 0t� = 0U −I (12.5)
2
We see, physically that:

where d t+Δtx and d tx are the same lengths

⇒ the components of the G-L strain do not
change.

Note in FEA
� ⎫
0
xi = hk 0xki ⎪
⎪
⎬
k
� for an element (12.6)
t
ui = hk tuki ⎪
⎪
⎭

t
xi = 0xi + tui → for any particle (12.7)

Hence for the element

� �
t
xi = hk 0xki + hk tuki (12.8)
k k
� �0 k t k�
= hk xi + ui (12.9)
k
�
= hk txkk (12.10)
k

49
MIT 2.094 12. Total Lagrangian formulation

E.g., k = 4

2nd Piola-Kirchhoff stress

0
t ρ0 t 0 T
0S = tρ t
X τ tX → components also independent of a rigid body rotation (12.11)

Then
� �
t
0 Sij δ 0t�ij d 0V = t
τij δ t
eij d tV = tR (12.12)
0V tV

We can use an incremental decomposition of stress/strain.

t+Δt
0S = 0tS + 0 S (12.13)
t+Δt
0 Sij = 0tSij + 0 Sij
(12.14)
t+Δt
t
0� = 0� + 0� (12.15)
t+Δt t
0�ij = 0�ij + 0�ij (12.16)

Assume the solution is kown at time t, calculate the solution at time t + Δt. Hence, we apply (12.12)
at time t + Δt:
�
t+Δt t+Δt 0 t+Δt
0 Sij δ 0�ij d V = R (12.17)
0V

Look at δ 0t�ij :

1 �t
δ 0t�ij = δ t t t
�
0ui,j + 0uj,i + 0uk,i 0uk,j (12.18a)
2� �
t 1 ∂δui ∂δuj ∂δuk ∂ tuk ∂ tuk ∂δuk
δ 0�ij = + 0 + 0 · 0 + 0 · 0 (12.18b)
2 ∂ 0xj ∂ xi ∂ xi ∂ xj ∂ xi ∂ xj
1
δ 0t�ij = δ 0ui,j + δ 0uj,i + δ 0uk,i 0tuk,j + 0tuk,i δ 0uk,j
� �
(12.18c)
2

We have
t+Δt
0�ij − 0t�ij = 0�ij (12.19)
0�ij = 0eij + 0 ηij (12.20)

50
MIT 2.094 12. Total Lagrangian formulation

where 0eij is the linear incremental strain, 0 ηij is the nonlinear incremental strain, and
⎛ ⎞
1⎜ t t
0eij = ⎝ u + u + u u + u u ⎠ (12.21)
⎟
2 0 i,j 0 j,i �0 k,i 0 k,j �� 0 k,i 0 k,j�
initial displ. effect
1
0 ηij = u u (12.22)
2 0 k,i 0 k,j
where
∂uk t+Δt
0uk,j = , uk = uk − tuk (12.23)
∂ 0xj

Note

δ t+Δt�ij = δ 0�ij � δ 0t�ij = 0 when changing the configuration at t + Δt

� �
(12.24)

From (12.17):
�
�t
δ 0eij + δ 0 ηij d 0V
�� �
0 Sij + 0 Sij
0V
�
�t t
� 0
= 0 Sij δ 0eij + 0 Sij δ 0eij + 0 Sij δ 0 ηij + 0 Sij δ 0 ηij d V (12.25)
0V

t+Δt
= R (12.26)

Linearization
⎛ t
⎞
t
0 KL U 0 KN L U
� �
⎜� �� � �t �� �⎟ 0 t+Δt t 0
⎜0 Sij δ 0eij + 0 Sij δ 0 ηij ⎟ d V =
⎝ ⎠ R− 0 Sij δ 0eij d V (12.27)
0V 0V
� �� �
t
0F

We use,

0 Sij � 0 Cijrs 0ers (12.28)

We arrive at, with the finite element interpolations,

�t t t+Δt
R − 0tF
�
0 KL + 0 KN L U = (12.29)

where U is the nodal displacement increment.

51
MIT 2.094 12. Total Lagrangian formulation

Left hand side as before but using (k − 1) and right hand side is
�
t+Δt t+Δt (k−1) 0
= t+ΔtR − 0 Sij δ 0�ij d V (12.30)
0V

gives
t+Δt t+Δt (k−1)
R− 0F (12.31)

In the full N-R iteration, we use

� �
t+Δt (k−1) t+Δt (k−1) t+Δt (k−1)
0 KL + 0 KN L ΔU (k) = t+Δt
R− 0F (12.32)

52
MIT OpenCourseWare
http://ocw.mit.edu

2.094 Finite Element Analysis of Solids and Fluids II

Spring 2011

For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.