05 03 BBP Basics 2

Topic:
BUSBAR
Technology and Solutions
Protection and Substation Automation
PROTECTION
APPLICATION
BASICS 2
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
© ABB Switzerland Ltd. - 1
ABB
Topic Objectives
Objectives
r Busbar Zones & Protection Zones

r Coupler Functions
r Circuit Breaker Reclaim Time
r Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
r Isolator alarm & Switching prohibited
r Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
r CB / isolator auxiliary circuits
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
r CB close command
ABB
Busbar Zones & Protection Zones
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
Single Busbar without coupler

= 1 protection zone
= 1 measurement system
ABB
BB1 BB2
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
Single Busbar with coupler (2 CTs)

= 2 protection zones
= 2 measurement systems
ABB
BB1 BB2
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
Single Busbar with coupler (1 CT)

= 2 protection zones
= 2 measurement systems
ABB
Single Busbar with Section Coupler (2 coupler CTs)
200A 200A
Load condition
BB1 BB2
Þ NO TRIP !
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
100A 500A 200A 400A 300A 500A

D I Zone 1 = 100-500+200+200 = 0 A
D I Zone 2 = 400+300-500-200 = 0 A
ABB
5000A 5000A
Fault condition I BB2
BB1
Þ TRIP
BB 2
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
1000A 2500A 1500A 1300A 1100A 2000A

D I Zone 1 = 1000+2500+1500-5000 = 0 A
D I Zone 2 = 1300+1100+2000+5000 = 9400 A
ABB
Fault switched off
BB2
BB1
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
150A 400A 250A 0A 0A 0A
still load on BB1 !
ABB
5000A 4400A
Fault condition II BB2
BB1
Þ TRIP
BB 1
&
BB 2
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
1000A 2500A 1500A 1300A 1100A 2000A

D I Zone 1 = 1000+2500+1500+4400 = 9400 A
D I Zone 2 = 1300+1100+2000+5000 = 9400 A
ABB
Fault switched off 0A 0A
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
0A 0A 0A 0A 0A 0A
ABB
Single Busbar with Section Coupler (1 coupler CT)
BB1 BB2
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
ABB
+200A to Zone 1 positive
Load conditions - 200A to Zone 2 negative
BB1 BB2
the coupler current is
added to both systems,
Þ NO TRIP !
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
100A 500A 200A 400A 300A 500A

D I Zone 1 = 100-500+200+ (+200) = 0 A
D I Zone 2 = 400+300-500+ (-200) = 0 A
ABB
5000A
Fault condition I BB2
BB1
Þ TRIP
BB 2
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
1000A 2500A 1500A 1300A 1100A 2000A

D I Zone 1 = 1000+2500+1500- (+5000) = 0 A
D I Zone 2 = 1300+1100+2000- (-5000) = 9400 A
ABB
Fault switched off
BB2
BB1
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
150A 400A 250A 0A 0A 0A
still load on BB1 !
ABB
5000A
BB1
Þ TRIP
BB 2
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
1000A 2500A 1500A 1300A 1100A 2000A

D I Zone 1 = 1000+2500+1500- (+5000) = 0 A
D I Zone 2 = 1300+1100+2000- (-5000) = 9400 A
ABB
CBs on BB2 switched off
BB2
BB1
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
1000A 2500A 1500A 0A 0A 0A
still fault current on BB1 !

ABB
Coupler functions I
How can a busbar

protection system detect a
fault between the Coupler
Circuit Breaker and
Current Transformer
???
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
ABB
Coupler functions I
Þ by deactivating of the
current measurement in the
coupler in case of internal
BBP tripping signal
(= coupler blocking)
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
ABB
Coupler functions I
trip from
BBP ³1
³1 t
&
Current signal to
~120 ms measurement
system
Input
Current
signal
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
t = circuit breaker reclaim time (higher than the highest

possible CB opening time + arc extinguish time
ABB
Coupler functions I
5000A start CB
Fault condition II reclaim time BB2
BB1
Þ TRIP
BB 2
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
1000A 2500A 1500A 1300A 1100A 2000A

D I Zone 1 = 1000+2500+1500- (+5000) = 0 A
D I Zone 2 = 1300+1100+2000- (-5000) = 9400 A
ABB
Coupler functions I
5000A CBs on BB2 switched off
BB1
still fault current

on BB1 !
Þ TRIP
BB 1
the coupler current is switched off
after the CB reclaim time
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
1000A 2500A 1500A 0A 0A 0A

D I Zone 1 = 1000+2500+1500- (+5000) = 0 A
D I Zone 1 = 1000+2500+1500- (+5000) = 5000 A
ABB
Coupler functions I
Fault switched off 0A
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
0A 0A 0A 0A 0A 0A
with a time delay (~120ms)
ABB
Coupler functions II
5000A 4400A
BB1
Þ TRIP
BB 1
&
BB 2
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
1000A 2500A 1500A 1300A 1100A 2000A

D I Zone 1 = 1000+2500+1500+4400 = 9400 A
D I Zone 2 = 1300+1100+2000+5000 = 9400 A
ABB
If the Coupler CB is already open and

the fault between CT and CB occurs, how
can be avoided that
a) both measurement system trips and
b) the trip occurs without the time delay
of the circuit breaker reclaim time (in
case of a coupler with only one CT)
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
???
ABB
Þ by deactivating of the
current measurement in the
coupler in case of an open
CB
(= coupler blocking)
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
ABB
trip from
BBP ³1
³1 t
CB open
&
Current signal to
~120 ms measurement
system
Input
Current
signal
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
t = circuit breaker reclaim time (higher than the highest

possible CB opening time + arc extinguish time
ABB
5000A
Fault condition III BB2
BB1
Þ TRIP
BB 1
the coupler current
is switched off
since the coupler
CB was opened !
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
1000A 2500A 1500A 300A 200A 500A
D I Zone 1 = 1000+2500+1500- (+0) = 5000 A

D I Zone 2 = 300+200-500- (+5000) = 0 A
ABB
Fault switched off 0A
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
0A 0A 0A 400A 300A 500A
selective & instantly ! still load on BB2 !
ABB
What advantage and what
disadvantage will result for the
system by connecting the CB
auxiliary contacts
???
(concerning the main requirements on
protection systems: DEPENDABILITY;
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
SECURITY;SPEED; SENSITIVITY;
SELECTIVITY)
ABB
Þ the selectivity in
case the CB is
already open and
selectivity
the fault occurs
speed
will be increased
dependability
Þ the tripping speed in case of a fault between
coupler CB and CT will be increased (in case of a
coupler with only one CT)
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
Þ the dependability on external components

(aux. contacts) will be increased
ABB
Supervision of Circuit Breaker (& Isolator) Position
What is essential for

the coupler blocking logic
???
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
ABB
Þ it must be guaranteed that the position of

the CB is correct
If not, there is a risk of maloperation !!!
Þ therefore a supervision must be integrated

to detect a undefined Circuit Breaker /
Isolator) Position
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
ABB
Supervision
CB closed
=1
isolator alarm
CB open
³1 t
switching
=1 prohibited
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
t > circuit breaker running (from the “open into the

“closed” position / from the “closed into the “open”
position)
ABB
How is it possible to get

a defined CB / isolator
position even in case of a
interrupted auxiliary DC
supply of the CB / isolator
circuit ???
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
ABB
Þ the latest position of the CB / isolator

must be stored
Þ for security, if both (open and closed)
signals are active, the position must be
forced into the “closed” position
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
ABB
Memory of the position in case of missing aux. supply
S
internal:
CB closed
CB closed
& R
CB open
R
internal:
CB open
S
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
ABB
A undefined CB / isolator
position will generate 2
alarms: isolator alarm &
switching prohibited! Why
switching prohibited
???
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
ABB
Þ the latest CB / isolator position is stored!

As long as the CB is not being switched the
protection system “sees” the correct position!
Þ therefore the “switching prohibited signal is
very important and must not be ignored by the
operating personal
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
ABB
There is an option to block

the system in case of
an isolator alarm.
How is it possible to
de- block the system
???
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
ABB
Þ by the external input

“accept isolator alarm”
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
ABB
“Accept isolator alarm”
CB closed
=1
isolator alarm
CB open
³1 t switching
prohibited
=1 blocking
& (optional)
accept
S
“isolator alarm”
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
isolator alarm
R
ABB
In which situation is it allowed /

acceptable to de- block
the system
???
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
ABB
Þ only in case of a lost DC auxiliary

supply!
Not in case of a “real” undefined
position!!!
There is a risk of maloperation !!!
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
ABB
What additional supervision

offers a busbar protection
system to detect a “WRONG”
CB / isolator position??
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
ABB
Þ the “differential current supervision” is able

to detect a wrong CB / isolator position
Þ therefore the “differential current alarm” is
very important and must not be ignored by the
operating personal
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
ABB
CB / isolator auxiliary circuits
How must the external auxiliary

contacts be connected correctly
(concerning phase wise aux.
contacts)
???
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
ABB
Þ if one phase is closed, the

system must get the “closed”
indication
Þ if one phase is not opened, the
“open” indication must disappear
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
ABB
CB / isolator auxiliary circuits
Phase Phase
+ +
NO aux.
R
contacts
R S T
S
CB closed
T protection
system
CB open
NC aux.
contacts
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
ABB
CB auxiliary circuits
What additional “problem” can

occur on a circuit breaker
???
(not on an isolator)
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
ABB
Þ BBP “sees” an internal fault because
one current is not yet measured
flash over before CB

CB closing indicates closed
command
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
CB open !!!
current not
ABB
measured !!!
Þ in case on a “switch onto fault

situation” the protection will
generate a tripping signal before the
closed indication appears
(flash- over in the circuit breaker)
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
ABB
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
???
How can this be avoided
ABB
Þ the protection system must be

informed in advance that the CB is
going to be closed
Þ by the (manual) close command
of the CB
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
ABB
Phase Phase
+ +
CB closing NC aux.
R
coil contacts
R S T
S
CB closed
T protection
system
CB open
NC aux.
contacts
CB (manual)
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
close command
CB close
order
+
ABB
Memory of the position in case of missing aux. supply
CB closing
command
S
internal:
CB closed ³1
CB closed
& R
CB open
R
internal:
CB open
S
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
ABB
BBP_basics_2 / 2002-03-15 / RW
ABB

05 03 BBP Basics 2

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Topic:

r Busbar Zones & Protection Zones

Single Busbar without coupler

Single Busbar with coupler (2 CTs)

Single Busbar with coupler (1 CT)

100A 500A 200A 400A 300A 500A

1000A 2500A 1500A 1300A 1100A 2000A

150A 400A 250A 0A 0A 0A

still load on BB1 !

1000A 2500A 1500A 1300A 1100A 2000A

100A 500A 200A 400A 300A 500A

1000A 2500A 1500A 1300A 1100A 2000A

150A 400A 250A 0A 0A 0A

still load on BB1 !

1000A 2500A 1500A 1300A 1100A 2000A

1000A 2500A 1500A 0A 0A 0A

still fault current on BB1 !

How can a busbar

t = circuit breaker reclaim time (higher than the highest

1000A 2500A 1500A 1300A 1100A 2000A

still fault current

1000A 2500A 1500A 0A 0A 0A

with a time delay (~120ms)

1000A 2500A 1500A 1300A 1100A 2000A

If the Coupler CB is already open and

t = circuit breaker reclaim time (higher than the highest

1000A 2500A 1500A 300A 200A 500A

D I Zone 1 = 1000+2500+1500- (+0) = 5000 A

0A 0A 0A 400A 300A 500A

selective & instantly ! still load on BB2 !

Þ the dependability on external components

What is essential for

Þ it must be guaranteed that the position of

If not, there is a risk of maloperation !!!

Þ therefore a supervision must be integrated

t > circuit breaker running (from the “open into the

How is it possible to get

Þ the latest position of the CB / isolator

Þ the latest CB / isolator position is stored!

There is an option to block

Þ by the external input

In which situation is it allowed /

Þ only in case of a lost DC auxiliary

What additional supervision

Þ the “differential current supervision” is able

How must the external auxiliary

Þ if one phase is closed, the

What additional “problem” can

flash over before CB

Þ in case on a “switch onto fault

Þ the protection system must be

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