Operation of gas engines for marine

Kaj Portin, M/S Stavangerfjord 10-12.04.2018

1 © Wärtsilä PUBLIC Document ID DBAB773337 Revision x.10

 CONTENT OF THE PRESENTATION

• Gas engines for marine

• Drivers for using gas as fuel for the marine engines
• Wärtsilä engine types for gas operation

2 © Wärtsilä PUBLIC Document ID DBAB773337 Revision x.10

 Regulation drivers - Impact on the environment

NOx Acid rains

Smog SOx Acid rains
Sulphur content in fuel

Particulate
matter Direct impact on humans
Locally regulated
CO2 Greenhouse effect

© Wärtsilä PUBLIC Document ID DBAB773337 Revision x.10

 Driving trends: fuel price development Marine Gas Oil Rotterdam
Marine Diesel Oil Rotterdam
180 Centistoke Rotterdam
380 Centistoke Rotterdam
Fuel price [USD/MMBTU] Henry Hub (Natural Gas)
35.0

30.0

25.0

20.0

15.0

10.0

5.0

0.0
02-01-2012
20-07-2012
05-02-2013
24-08-2013
12-03-2014
28-09-2014
16-04-2015
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Source: bunkerworld.com; LNG OneWorld.com

© Wärtsilä PUBLIC 4/16/2018 Document ID DBAB773337 Revision x.10

 Where to go?

© Wärtsilä PUBLIC Document ID DBAB773337 Revision x.10

 Hydrocarbon variations in Wärtsilä ICE

SG = Spark Ignited DF = Dual Fuel GD = Gas Diesel Diesel

-Otto process -Otto process + pilot -Diesel process + pilot -Diesel process
-Fuel: gas -Diesel process -Fuel: gas + liquid fuels -Fuel: MDO, HFO
-low pressure gas -Fuel: gas + liquid fuels -high pressure gas and Crude oil
-low pressure gas -large fuel mixture ratio
Gasoline

Diesel
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C22 C25 C50 C70 +

LPG Light Heavy Naphta LFO HFO Bitumen

Naphta
Asphalt
Pipe line gas Kerosene Inter Gas Oil
LNG

SG

DF DF

GD GD

Diesel

Low viscosity fuels

© Wärtsilä PUBLIC Document ID DBAB773337 Revision x.10

 Hydrocarbon variations in Wärtsilä ICE

SG = Spark Ignited DF = Dual Fuel Diesel

-Otto process -Otto process + pilot -Diesel process
-Fuel: gas -Diesel process -Fuel: MDO, HFO
-low pressure gas -Fuel: gas + liquid fuels and Crude oil
-low pressure gas

© Wärtsilä PUBLIC Document ID DBAB773337 Revision x.10

 Why lean burn gas engines  Low emissions
NOx (relative) SOx (relative)
100% 100%

10-15%
~0%
Liquid fuel Gas Liquid fuel Gas

GWP index as CO2

Particulates (relative) equivalents
100% 100%
85-95%

0-5%
Liquid fuel Gas Liquid fuel Gas

GWP = Global Warming Potential

© Wärtsilä PUBLIC Document ID DBAB773337 Revision x.10
Why lean burn gas engines  High efficiency
Efficiency comparison between Wärtsilä engine operating on different fuel

100% 85% 75% 50%

© Wärtsilä PUBLIC HFO Diesel DF/Gas Document ID DBAB773337 Revision x.10

WÄRTSILÄ DF REFERENCES

> 1,870 DF engines, > 22,000,000 running hours

1104 engines 96 engines 92 engines 73 engines 505 engines

MERCHANT CRUISE & FERRY OFFSHORE SPECIALS POWER PLANT

Ship type Vessels Ship type Vessels Unit type Units Ship type Vessels Application Plants

LNG Carrier 272 Passenger & Cargo 12 OSV 19 Production IWW 18 Urban 57
Tanker 29 Ferry 9 Platform 5 Tug 6 Industry 37
Container Carrier 10 Passenger 4 FSO 2 Dredger 4 Mining 4
RoRo/ General Cargo 5 FPSO 1 Navy 2 Oil & Gas 2
LPG Carrier 4 Other 1 Icebreaker 1 Other 3
Bulk Carrier 2 Cable Layer 1
Car Carrier 2 Other 2
Other 6

© Wärtsilä PUBLIC Document ID DBAB773337 Revision x.10

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