CHAPTER 3- MANAGING AND CARING FOR THE SELF

o Albert Bandura- born in Mundare, Alberta

- Social Learning Theory –
 Human Behavior is determined through the combination of behavior, cognition, and
environment
 Example: Modeling (Environment)
 Witnessing how your dad treat your mom
 Saying bad words for children
 Bobo Doll Experiment
 Self- Efficacy Theory
 Outcome Expectancy- “a person’s estimate that a given behavior will lead to a
certain consequence”
 Example: late sa class, you expected that the professor won’t allow you to attend
the class.
 Sources:
1. Performance accomplishments
2. Various experiences
3. Verbal or social persuasion
4. Physiological states
o Carol S. Dwek
- Born on October 17, 1946
- Book: Mindset: The New Psychology of Success
- Fixed and Growth Mindset
 Fixed Mindset- qualities cannot be changed
 Growth Mindset-
o Edwin A. Locke
- Goal Setting Theory
- Importance of setting goals
o Goals (Motivation)
- External- Trophies, Medals, Money
- Internal- recognition/ personal satisfaction
o Metacognition
- Human- Homo Sapiens “Wise man”
- the awareness and understanding of one’s own thought processes
- thinking about thinking
- Self Appraisal- personal reflection on your knowledge
- Self management of cognition- the mental process you employ using what you have in planning
and adapting to successfully learn or accomplish a certain task
- Metacognitive knowledge- what you know about how you think
- Techniques to improve metacognition
 Knowing your Limits
 Modifying your Approach
  Skimming- browsing over a material and keeping an eye on keywords, phrases, or
sentence
 Rehearsing
 Self-Test
o Stress- caused by major change
- FEELING OF BEING OVERWHELMED, worried, or run-down (American Psychological Association)
o Eustress- positive stress
o Distress- Negative stress
o General Stress Syndrome
- Alarm Stage  Stage of Resistance  Exhaustion stage
- Alarm Stage
 Fight or flight response (triggered by the Sympathetic Nervous System)
 Parasympathetic Nervous System- promotes “rest and digest”
 Autonomic Nervous system- controls involuntary body functions like breathing, blood
pressure, heartbeat
 Adrenaline- Epinephrine
- Stage of Resistance
 Body becomes adaptive to the challenge and begins to resist it
- Exhaustion stage
 The body dies because it has used up its resources of adaptation of energy.
- Stress Coping
 Relaxation response- deep breathing, yoga
 Physical Activity- exercising
 Social Support- friends, family