AUTOMATIC STREETLIGHT BASED ON

VEHICLE DETECTION USING 8051

MICROCONTROLLER
This aims at saving energy by detecting the vehicle movement on highways and
switching on the block of street light ahead of it and simultaneously switching off the trailing
lights. The project requires sensors to detect the vehicle movements and switches on the
lights ahead of it. As soon as the vehicle moves ahead the trailing lights automatically
switches off. This can be used to save a lot of energy instead of using conventional system
where the street lights are remained ON. PWM is used for intensity control through
microcontroller.

This proposed system provides a solution for energy saving. This is achieved by
sensing an approaching vehicle and then switches ON a block of street lights ahead of the
vehicle. As the vehicle passes by, the trailing lights switch OFF automatically. Thus, we save a
lot of energy. So when there are no vehicles on the highway, then all the lights remain OFF.

Sensors used on either side of the road senses vehicle movement and sends logic
commands to microcontroller to switch ON/OFF the LEDs. Thus this way of dynamically
changing intensity ON/OFF helps in saving a lot of energy. The sensors sense the vehicle
movements and send it to a 8051 family microcontroller that initiates commands for
switching the lights ON/OFF

HARDWARE SPECIFICATION:

 8051 Microcontroller
 Transformer
 Rectifier
 Voltage Regulator
 IR sensors
 LEDs
BLOCK DIAGRAM:

DISCRIPTION OF HARDWARE COMPONENTS USED:

 8051 MICROCONTROLLER:
8051 Microcontroller is used for all the controlling and functionality of project. It
takes input from IR sensors and gives output to the LEDs.

Some of the features of the 8051 Microcontroller:

 8 – Bit CPU with two registers A (Accumulator) and B.

 Internal ROM of 8K Bytes – It is a flash memory that supports in – system

programming.

 Internal RAM of 256 Bytes – The first 128 Bytes of the RAM i.e. 00H to 7FH is again
divided in to 4 banks with 8 registers (R0 – R7) in each bank, 16 bit addressable
registers and 80 general purpose registers. The higher 128 Bytes of the RAM i.e. 80H
 to FFH consists of SFRs or Special Function Registers. Using SFRs we can control
different peripherals like Timers, Serial Port, all I/O Ports, etc.

 32 I/O Pins (Input / Output Pins) – Arranged as 4 Ports: P0, P1, P2 and P3.

 8- Bit Stack Pointer (SP) and Processor Status Word (PSW).

 16 – Bit Program Counter (PC) and Data Pointer (DPTR).

 Two 16 – bit Timers / Counters – T0 and T1.

 Control Registers – SCON, PCON, TCON, TMOD, IP and IE.

 Serial Data Transmitter and Receiver for Full – Duplex Operation – SBUF.

 Interrupts: Two External and Three Internal.

 Oscillator and Clock Circuit.

 TRANSFORMER:
Transformer used here to step down the voltage from the normal power supply and
which is present in the block of power supply. SMPS transformer is used here as a
step down transformer.

 RECTIFIER:
 Rectifier is also a block of power supply used to convert AC voltage to DC voltage.AC
to DC convertor is used here, which contain rectifier circuit along with filter which
smoothens the DC voltage.

 VOLTAGE REGULATOR:
Voltage regulator is also a block of power supply used to maintain a constant voltage
supply to the peripherals used like here we are using 8051 MC, IR sensors, LEDs.
LM7805 Regulator is used here.

 IR SENSORS:
An infrared sensor is an electronic device that emits in order to sense some aspects
of the surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as
detects the motion as well as the presence of an object due to intervention or
interruption.
Here We have IR transmitter with IR LEDs and IR receiver on opposite sides of the
road, where the IR transmitter transmits infrared rays and receiver receives it and if
any object i.e., here if a vehicle comes on the road, the rays get reflected back by
sensing that an object is present. This is how here vehicles are detected and gives it
as input to MC.
  LIGHT EMITTING DIODE:
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is p-n
junction diode that emits light when activated. The long terminal is positive and the
short terminal is negative. When a suitable current is applied to the leads, electrons
are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the
form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence, and the colour of the light
(corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy band gap of
the semiconductor. LEDs are typically small (less than 1 mm2).

ALGORITHM FOR AUTOMATIC STREETLIGHT BASED ON VEHICLE

DETECTION USING 8051 MICROCONTROLLER:

CONCLUSION:
Therefore this is the basic block diagram and algorithm for Automatic streetlight based on
vehicle detection using 8051 Microcontroller, IR sensors as an input devices and LEDs as
output devices, which is useful in order to save the energy resources.

MARKA MOUNIKA

ROLL NO: 47

DATE: 13-10-2019