FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

A. Usage
To talk about actions that will be finished before some point in the future. Also
use this tense to express situations that will last for a specified period of time at
a definite moment in the future. The last use is to express certainty that an
action was completed. Generally we can say that the Future Perfect relates to
the past in the future.

B. Time signals

By four p.m. today = menjelang pukul empat sore hari ini

By eight a.m. tomorrow = menjelang jam delapan pagi besok

By the end of this week = menjelang akhir pekan minggu ini

By next month = menjelang bulan depan

By next Sunday = menjelang hari minggu depan

By next week = menjelang minggu depan

By next year = menjelang tahun depan

Next week = minggu depan

Next month = bulan depan

Nex year = tahun depan

Tonight = nanti malam

Tomorrow = besok

This evening = sore ini

C. Pattern
Verbal:
S = I, We
(+) s+ shall + have + past participle (v3)
(-) s + shall + not have + past participle (v3)
(?) shall + s + have + past participle (v3) ?

S = you, they, he, she, it

(+) s+ will + have + past participle (v3)
(-) s + will + not + have + past participle (v3)
(?) will + s + have + past participle (v3)

Nominal:
S = i, we
(+) s + shall + have been + non verb
(-) s + shall + not + have been + non verb
(?) shall + s + have been + non verb

S = you, they, we, he, she, it

(+) s + will + have been + non verb
(-) s + will + not + have been + non verb
(?) will + s + have been + non verb

D. example
Verbal
(+) I shall have finished my home work next week
(-) I shall not have finished my home work next week
(?) Shall i have finished my home work next week?
Answer: Yes, I shall
No, I shall not

(+) She will have phoned her family this evening

(-) She will not have phoned her family this evening
(?) Will she have phoned her family this evening?
Answer: Yes, She will
No, She will not

(+) Rayhan will have read this book by next month

(-) Rayhan will not have read this book by next month
(?) Will Rayhan have read this book by next month?
(Akankah Rayhan sudah membaca buku ini menjelang bulan depan?)
Answer: Yes, Rayhan will
No, Rayhan will not

(+) We shall have swept the floor tomorrow night

(-) We shall not have swept the floor tomorrow night
(?) Shall We have swept the floor tomorrow night?
 Answer: Yes, We shall
No, We shall not

(+) They will have sewed their clothes By the end of this week
(-) They will not have sewed their clothes By the end of this week
(?) Will They have sewed their clothes By the end of this week?
Answer: Yes, They will
No, They will not

Nominal:
(+) I shall have been a doctor next yea
(-) I shall not have been a doctor next year
(?) Shall I have been a doctor next year?
Answer: Yes, I shall
No, I shall not

(+) They will have been intimate tonight

(-) They will not have been intimate tonight
(?) Will They have been intimate tonight?
Answer: Yes, they will
No, they will not

(+) My Father will have been here at nine o'clock tomorrow

(-) My Father will not have been here at nine o'clock tomorrow
(?) Will My Father have been here at nine o'clock tomorrow?
Answer: Yes, My father will
No, My Father will not

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS

A. Usage
We can use the future perfect continuous to say 'how long' for an action
that continues up to another point in the future. The second point can be a
time or another action. Generally, we need 'for + length of time' and if we
use 'when' or 'by the time', we usually use the present simple.
In the same way as with the future perfect simple, we often use the
future perfect continuous because we like easy numbers. It's also possible
to use the present perfect continuous, but then we get a more complicated
number. We can use the future perfect continuous, like the other perfect
continuous tenses, to talk about something that finishes just before
another time or action (in this case, in the future). It's often used because
there will be a result at the second point in the future. (Again, if we use
'when' we usually need the present simple.)
The fundamental difference between future perfect continuous tense and
future perfect tense is that future perfect continuous tense continues in the
future, while future perfect tense has or will soon be completed in the future
B. Time signal
Since : sejak
By next week
For
By the end of next year...for 3 years ( menjelang akhir tahun
depan...selama 3 tahun)

C. Pattern
S = I, We
(+) S + Shall + Have + Been + Verb -ing + o + Adv
(-) S + Shall+ Not + Have + Been + Verb-ing + O + Adv
(?) Shall + S + Have + Been + Verb-ing + O + Adv

S = You, They, He, She, It

(+) S + Will + Have + Been + Verb -ing + o + Adv
(-) S + Will+ Not + Have + Been + Verb-ing + O + Adv
(?) Will + S + Have + Been + Verb-ing + O + Adv

Nominal:
S = I, We
(+) S + Shall + Have + Been + Complement
(-) S + Shall+ Not + Have + Been + Complement
(?) Shall + S + Have + Been + Complement

S = You, They, He, She, It

(+) S + Will + Have + Been + Complement
(-) S + Will + Not + Have + Been + Complement
(?) Will + S + Have + Been + Complement

D. Example
Verbal:
(+) I shall have been living in Las Vegas for one year by the end of april
(-) I shall not have been living in Las Vegas for one year by the end of
april
(?) Shall I have been living in Las Vegas for one year by the end of april?
Answer: Yes, I shall
No, I shall not

(+) They will have been cooking for two hours when you came to their
house
(-) They will not have been cooking for two hours when you came to their
house
(?) Will They have been cooking for two hours when you came to their
house?
Answer: Yes, They will
No, They will not
 (+) The kids will have been making the noise for three hours
(-) The kids will not have been making the noise for three hours
(?) Will the kids have been making the noise for three hours?
Answer: Yes, the kids will
No, the kids will not

(+) Stephany will have been standing in here since 2 hours ago
(-) Stephany will not have been standing in here since 2 hours ago
(?) Will Stephany have been standing in here since 2 hours ago?
Answer: Yes, She will
No, Stephany will not

(+) By the end of this year, We shall have been studying japanese for three
years
(-) By the end of this year, We shall not have been studying japanese for
three years
(?) By the end of this year, Shall We have been studying japanese for three
years?
Answer: Yes, We shall
No, We shall not

Nominal:
(+) My Mother will have been there three days later
(-) My Mother will not have been there three days later
(?) Will My Mother have been there three days later
Answer: Yes, My Mother will
No, My Mother will not

(+) I Shall have been a nurse next year

(-) I shall not have been a nurse next year
(?) Shall I have been a nurse next year?
Answer: Yes, I shall
No, I shall not

SIIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

A. Usage
The simple present tense use when something is generally or always true,
for a situation that we think is more or less permanent, for short actions
that are happening now. The actions are so short that they are finished
almost as soon as you've said the sentence. This is often used with sports
commentary, to talk about the future when we are discussing a timetable
or a fixed plan. Usually, the timetable is fixed by an organisation, not by
us, to talk about the future after words like ' 'when', 'until', 'after', 'before'
and 'as soon as'. These are sometimes called subordinate clauses of time.
B. Time signal
always = selalu
on and of = kadang-kadang
as a rule = biasanya, lazimnya
generally = biasanya, umumnya
normally = biasanya
usually = biasanya
often = seringkali
never = tidak pernah
regularly = secara tetap
sometimes = kadang-kadang
seldom = jarang
nowadays = pada waktu sekarang
steadily = selalu, terus-menerus
frequently = seringkali
when (kata sambung) = kalau
here = di sini
there = di sana
every day = tiap hari
every other day = dua hari sekali, berselang sehari
every sunday = tiap hari minggu
every week = tiap minggu, tiap pekan
now and then = kadang-kadang
occasionally = kadang-kadang
on and off = kadang-kadang
once in a while = sekali-sekali, kadang-kadang
once a week = sekali seminggu

C. Pattern
Nominal
(+) S + Tobe (was/were) + O + Adv
(-) S+ Tobe (was/were) + Not + O+ Adv
(?) Tobe + S +O +Adv?

Verbal
(+) S + V2 + O + Adv
(-) S+ Did + Not + V1+O+ Adv
(?) Did+ S+ V1+O +Adv?
D. Example
Nominal
(+) The children are naughty
(-) the children aren't naughty
(?) Are the children naughty?
Answer: Yes, the children are
No, the children are not

(+) London is in England

(-) London is not in England
(?) Is London is in England?
Answer: Yes, London is in England
No, London is not in England

Verbal
(+) I went to invinite studio last year
(-) I did not go to invinite studoio last year
(?) Did you go to invinite studio last year?
Answer: Yes, i did

(+) I