INTEGRATION OF GVF EQUATION

Direct Integration Method: Graphical Integration Method: Numerical Method:

  yo   3
dy So  S f This method is possibly the simplest and is suitable for
1   y    use in prismatic channels. Consider the differential
 2 
 So     … (1)
dy dx
1  Q T 3  dE
dx   yc  
3
 gA   So  S f
energy equation of GVF:
1 
  y   Since for a given discharge, A, T, and Sf are functions of
dx
the depth of flow y, we may write: dx = f(y) dy …(1) E
y Writing this in finite difference form,  So  S f
Now, if  u , then dy = yo du and hence the eq. (1)  2
  x
yo 1  Q T 3 
 gA  where S f is the average friction slope in the reach x
can be written as: where f  y  
So  S f E
yo    yc   1 
3
x  … (1)
dx  1  1      du Now, if y1 and y2 are the depths of flow at points distant So  S f
S o    yo   1  u  3
    x1 and x2 from the control section, then by integrating eq. and between two sections 1 and 2, it can be written as
(1), we get
Integrating the above eq., we get E2  E1
x2 y2
x2  x1  x  … (2)
    x2  x1   dx   f ( y ) dy …(2)  
3
yo   yc   1 So  1 S f1  S f 2
S o    yo    1  u 3 
x u  1     du   constant 2
x1 y1
We know that,
    By assuming several values of y, the corresponding
1 values of f(y) may be computed and a curve of y versus E  E  v2   Q2 
where  du is known as Bresse’s varied flow f(y) may be plotted. The area under the curve between upstream  Edownstream    y      y  
1  u3  2g   2 gA2 
function whose value can be calculated as follows: y=y1 and y=y2 is determined which will give the … (3)
1 
longitudinal distance (x2 - x1) required for this change in and
1  u  u  1
2
 1  2u  1  
 1 u du   ln 
 
2 
 cot 1     constant
the depth of flow, in accordance with the eq. (2). If y1 and
n 2Q 2  
 6     S f  S f 
3
 u 1 
 3  3 y2 do not differ much then approximately 1
 S fdownstream 
1

1 
2  A2 4 4

f ( y1 )  f ( y2 ) 2 upstream
3 2 3
 R A R 
x2  x1   y2  y1 
upstream upstream downstream downstream

2 … (4)
where f(y1) and f(y2) are the values of f(y) at y=y1 and y=y2 Equations (3) & (4), can be written between two sections
1 and 2 as,
 Q2   Q2 
E  E1  E2   y1  
  2
y   … (5)
 2 gA12   2 gA22 
n 2Q 2  1 
Sf 
1
2

S f1  S f2  
 
1
2  A2 R 4 3 A2 R 4 3
 … (6)

 1 1 2 2 
By putting the values of Eq.(3)&(4) in Eq.(1), we can get
the distances between the sections and thus, the GVF
profile.