Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
(2015-2020)
Company Law
Project On
Memorandum Of Association
Submitted By: -
Saumya Singh
A3211115161
B.A LL.B(H)
SECTION - B
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INTRODUCTION:
It is the document that governs the relationship between the company and
the outside. It is one of the documents required to incorporate a company in
the United Kingdom, Ireland, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka,
and is also used in many of the common law jurisdictions of the
Commonwealth.
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HISTORY
EXPLANATION:
Memorandum binds the company and the members as if each member had
signed and covenanted as regards himself, his heirs and legal representatives
to observe and abide by all its provisions and conditions. Memorandum
regulates the company’s external affairs is that the relation of company with
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outside world. It informs all persons what the company is formed to do and
what capital it has to play with.
REQUIREMENTS:
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FORM OF MEMORANDUM OF
ASSOCIATION:
CAPACITIES:
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PURPOSE:
ALTERATION OF MEMORANDUM:
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1. To carry on its business more economically or more efficiently; or
2. To attain its main purpose by new or improved means; or
3. To enlarge or change the local area of its operations; or
4. To carry on some business, not being a business specified in its
memorandum, which may conveniently or advantageously be
combined with the business of the company; or
5. To restrict or abandon any of the objects specified in the
memorandum; or
6. To sell or dispose of the whole or any part of the undertaking of the
company; or
7. To amalgamate with any other company or body of persons.
(2) The alteration shall not take effect until and except in so far as
it is confirmed by the Commission on petition: Provided that an
alteration so as to change the place of registered office of a
company from a place in the Province of the Punjab to the
Islamabad Capital Territory or from the latter to a place in the
Province of the Punjab, or from one city in a Province to
another shall not require confirmation by the Commission.
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that with respect to every creditor who in the opinion of the
Commission is entitled to object, and who signifies his objection in
manner directed by the Commission, either his consent to the
alteration has been obtained or his debt or claim has been discharged
or determined, or has been secured to the satisfaction of the
Commission.
The Commission may make an order confirming the alteration either wholly
or in part, and on such terms and conditions as it thinks fit, and make such
order as to costs as it thinks proper.
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This clause states the name of company. A company may select
any name, but it should not resemble the name of any other
company. The name clause must include:
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From town to town:
The place of registered office of the company may be changed from one
town to another town within the same province by passing special resolution
and notice to the registrar without any confirmation of the commission.
3. Object Clause
4. Liability Clause
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The clause must include whether the company is limited by share or
guarantee. The effect of this statement is in the event if the company is
wound up, the members of the company will not be liable to contribute more
than the amount, if any, unpaid on their shares, in case of a company limited
by shares. In the case of a company limited by guarantee, the members
undertake to contribute a specific amount to the assets of the company.
Exceptions:
a) The amount of share capital with which the company is formed and
registered.
b) The division of share capital into shares of fixed amounts.
6. Subscriber clause:
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Association and subscription clause contains declaration by the subscriber
that they are desirous of forming a company and agree to have number of
shares written against their respective names.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
MEMORANDUM OF ASSOCIATION
AND
ARTICLE OF ASSOCIATION:
The Memorandum of Association sets out the company's name, where its
registered office is situated, the fact that the liability of members is limited,
its share capital and the purpose for which the company is set up (its objects
and its powers).
Name of company
Place of registered office
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Objects of company
Liability of shareholders
Registered capital
The Articles of Association of the company are the internal rules of the
company. They create a contract between the members or owners of the
company and the company itself. If no Articles of Association are filed when
the company is incorporated a statutory standard form of articles will apply.
In practice, the statutory articles are amended to suit a company's specific
requirements. The Articles deal with such matters as the creation, issue,
allotment and transfer of shares, the company's borrowing limits and the
powers and duties and regulations of directors.
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The difference between memorandum of association and article of
association is as follow:
1. As to alteration:
2. As to subordinate:
3. As to importance:
4. As to compulsion:
5. As to clauses:
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Memorandum of association has usually six clauses.
6. As to legal effect:
7. As to object:
8. As to nature:
9. As to certificate of commencement:
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10. As to incorporation:
11. As to scope:
Memorandum of association has wider scope alteration of
Memorandum of association prior permission is to be given by federal
government.
There is no need of permission for alteration in article.
12. As to Status:
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Conclusion:
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