Permutation Combination

• Permutation is the act of arranging the members • A combination is a mathematical technique that
of a set into a sequence or order, or, if the set is determines the number of possible arrangements
already ordered, rearranging (reordering) its in a collection of items where the order of the
elements—a process called permuting. selection does not matter. In combinations, you
• Permutations differ from combinations, which are can select the items in any
selections of some members of a set regardless of order. Combinations can be confused with
order. permutations.
• Refers to the different possible arrangements of a • The number of ways of selecting from a set when
set of objects. the order is not important.

Fundamental Counting Principle

• States that if activity A can be done in n1 ways,
activity B can be done in n2 ways, activity C in n3
ways, and so on, then activities A, B, and C can be
done simultaneously in n1 * n2 * n3 *** ways.

n-Factorial
• the product of the positive integer n and all the
Distinguishable Permutations positive integers less then n.
• Distinguishable
permutations are permutations that can be Complement of an Event
distinguished from one another. In the case of a
number of things where each is different from the
other, such as the letters in the word FLANGE,
there is no difference between the number
of permutations and the number
of distinguishable permutations.
• Refers to the permutations of a set of objects
where some of them are alike.

Circular Permutation
• The number of ways to arrange n distinct objects
along a fixed (i.e., cannot be picked up out of the
plane and turned over) circle is
Pn=(n-1)!
• The different possible arrangements of objects in a
circle. The number of permutations, P, of n objects
around a circle is given by
P=(n-1)!
Compound Events
• A compound event is an event that has more than
one possible outcomes. We have already seen the
simple events and other types of events. In
a compound event, an experiment gives more
than one possible outcomes.
Conditional Probability
• Conditional probability is the probability of one
event occurring with some relationship to one or
more other events. For example: Event A is that it
is raining outside, and it has a 0.3 (30%) chance of
raining today. Event B is that you will need to go
outside, and that has a probability of 0.5 (50%).
Dependent Events
• The dependent events are the ones in which the
occurrence or outcome of the first event is
affecting the occurrence or outcome of the
next event in line. For example if we draw two
cards from a given deck of 52 cards, then
the event of getting a heart first and then getting a
red queen are dependent events.
Independent Events
• An independent event is an event that has no
connection to another event's chances of
happening (or not happening). In other words,
the event has no effect on the probability of
another event occurring. Independent events in
probability are no different from independent
events in real life.
Mutually Exclusive Events
• In logic and probability theory, two events are
mutually exclusive or disjoint if they cannot both
occur at the same time. A clear example is the set
of outcomes of a single coin toss, which can result
in either heads or tails, but not both.
Union of Events
• Union of events simply mean the condition of
occurrence of wither of the events. It is not
necessary that all events must hold true. The
condition of at least one holds. More than one or
even all events under the union operation can be
true simultaneously.
Intersection of Events
• Intersection of Events. In probability, an event is
always associated with a random experiment. ...
The intersection of two or more events gives a
new compound event. Intersection of
events means that all the events are occurring
together. Even if one event holds false all will be
false.