HLTDEN001 Prepare for and assist with oral health care procedures

Knowledge Questions v1.4 (2019/01/23)

HLTDEN001 Prepare for and assist with oral health care

procedures

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Assessment
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Knowledge Questions
Please carefully read through each question posed. In your response, please use terms and
phrases that you defined in your previous assessment. Reflect on your learning unit and your own
research. Please aim to present 180 words for each response to fully demonstrate your
knowledge in this area of study. A minimum of 150 words for each response is required.
Please note: Where the word count is not met, your submission will be returned to you for re-
working.

1. Explain why dental materials and medicament bottles should be stored in the clean zone of
the treatment room and not left on the bench top of the working area.

In a dental practice, clean zone is the designated area where no contaminated items
enter to store sterilised dental instruments and medications, while contaminated zone is
that area of work in which contamination by patient fluids may occur by transfer,
splashing or splatter of material. Therefore, dental materials and medicament bottles
should be stored in the clean zone of the treatment room to maintain high standards of
hygienic environment.
If you store dental materials and medicament bottles on the bench top of the working
area or in the grey zone, there is a high possibility of contamination of already-sterilised
dental instruments and other medical supplies. It is very important to keep them clean
and hygienic at all times to prevent from unexpected infection during dental procedures.
Some patients may be vulnerable to infection, and even healthy adults may have got
unexpected infections due to contaminated medicines and/or dental materials.
In addition, to protect ourselves during dental surgery, dental supplies should always be
kept sterilised and kept in the clean zone to provide quality care and safe hygiene.

2. What are the advantages of using pre-set dental trays and cassettes?

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The main limitation in a dental practice is the organisation. There is no real way to
guarantee the kits set up to begin with will stay together throughout the use and
sterilisation process. Invariably, things go missing and the instrument they want to use
for the procedure is no longer where it should be.
From this point of view, using pre-set dental trays and cassettes is easy to find and store
as well as a time saver. Since dental staffs know exactly where the instruments they want
to use are, they don’t have to get up in the middle of a procedure to find something
missing.
During sterilisation process, with a cassette, there is no need for hand-scrubbing,
breaking down and grouping the instruments, it can simply be loaded in the ultrasonic
bath and followed by a steriliser. This could prolong instrument life.
Another big benefit is enhanced safety. Because they are not handling the instruments
there is much less risk of poking themselves.
Therefore, using pre-set dental trays and cassettes helps keep them more organised,
improve efficiencies, extend the life of the instruments and significantly reduce their risk
of injury.

3. What is your understanding of the FDI World Dental Federation numbering system and its
benefits?

The FDI numbering system is used to record information on the health of a patient’s
teeth and to efficiently share information with other oral health professionals.
Different numbering systems are used for adult teeth and children’s deciduous teeth.
The mouth is divided into quadrants numbered from 1 to 4 for adult (from 5 to 8 for
children) clockwise starting from the upper-left from the dentist’s view. (The patient’s
right corresponds to tooth chart’s left side).
The adult teeth are numbered from 1 to 8, going from the central incisor, canines,
premolars to the third molar, while the children’s deciduous teeth are numbered from 1
to 5, going from the central incisor, canines to the premolars.
The benefit of FDI system is to prevent errors when differentiating between right and left
sides of the mouth or between upper and lower dental arches. It is also capable of being
incorporated in computer languages.

4. The Australian Schedule of Dental Services and Glossary details standard dental treatments
and assigns a three-digit code number to items and clinical procedures. List at least five
items or services delivered and their three-digit code numbers.

047 Saliva screening test

Taking and testing a saliva sample to assess its physiological properties

114 Removal of calculus – first appointment

Removal of calculus from the surfaces of teeth and/or implants

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213 Treatment of acute periodontal infection – per appointment

Treatment of acute periodontal infection(s). It may include establishing drainage and the
removal of calculus from the affected tooth (teeth) or implant.

311 Removal of a tooth or part(s) thereof

A procedure consisting of the removal of a tooth or part(s) thereof

417 Root canal obturation – one canal

The filling of a root canal, following chemo-mechanical preparation

526 Adhesive restoration – veneer – anterior tooth – direct

Direct bonding of a veneer of adhesive tooth –coloured material to the surface of an
anterior tooth

611 Full crown – acrylic resin – indirect

An artificial crown constructed with an acrylic-based material, restoring a natural tooth

719 Complete maxillary and mandibular dentures

Provision of patient removable dental prostheses for the natural teeth and adjacent
tissues in both the maxilla and the mandible

846 Minor tooth guidance – fixed

A procedure using an appliance attached directly to teeth that provides movement or
guidance to correct the position of a tooth

5. Explain the personal protective equipment you routinely use in the dental surgery and any
standards of PPE that must be met.

I routinely use the PPE in a practice as below:

- Gloves is to prevent transmitting germs when touching contaminated instruments
during procedures
- Goggles is to protect your eyes from airborne contaminants and against light exposure
during procedures
- Mask is to prevent airborne infection. It needs to be changed to treat each patient.
- Sterilised Gown is for critical treatment such as implant surgery or extraction surgery.
- Lead apron is to protect us from radiation exposure. Both patient and dental staffs
should wear a lead apron when taking an x-ray.
- Footwear is preferably designed to minimise the risk of injury from dropped sharps.

There are standards about using appropriate PPE in the Health workplace as below:
Australian Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Infection in Healthcare (2010)

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B1.2 Personal protective equipment

B1.2.3 Aprons and gowns
B1.2.4 Face and eye protection
B1.2.5 Gloves
B1.2.6 Other items of clothing
B1.2.7 Sequence for putting on and removing PPE

6. Why is dietary education important for infants and babies, children and young adults, and
the elderly?

To present effective and preventive dentistry concepts, it is important to educate sound

nutrition and dietary guidelines to all aged people. Studies have shown that sugar
consumption remains a moderate risk factor for cares even if people use fluoride to wash
their teeth after consumption.
Foods that contain sugars of any kind can contribute to tooth decay. Almost all foods,
including milk and vegetables, contain some type of sugar, however, these foods are a
necessary part of a healthy diet, because many of them also contain important nutrients.
If parents are caring for children, a balanced diet along with good oral hygiene habits will
help them develop strong, decay-resistant teeth. They should pay particularly attention
to calcium, phosphorous and proper levels of fluoride.
Since foods high in carbohydrates, sugars and starches greatly contribute to the
production of plaque acids that attack the tooth enamel, these acids eventually can cause
tooth enamel to break down, forming a cavity.
Therefore, good eating patterns and food choices through dietary education play an
important role in preventing tooth decay and dental erosion as well as periodontal
disease.

7. Chart the following dental treatment on the following diagrammatic chart.

Upper right Upper left

18 Ext or EXO 21 D completed

17 O completed 22 M completed
16 MO and separate B completed 24 Ext or EXO completed
15 Ext or EXO space closed 25 MOD completed
14 DO Buccal separate B completed 26 MO and separate P completed
12 M completed 27 O completed
11 D completed 28 Ext or EXO completed
Lower right Lower left

All teeth missing All teeth missing

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8. Identify the following FDI tooth number and Palmers notation with the full anatomical name
of the tooth. Make sure to identify whether it is a permanent tooth or a deciduous tooth.
Identify the tooth surfaces listed below.

FDI Anatomical tooth name – include whether permanent or deciduous

11 Permanent Maxillary Right Central Incisor
36 Permanent Mandibular Left First Molar
48 Permanent Mandibular Right Third Molar
25 Permanent Maxillary Left Second Premolar
55 Deciduous Maxillary Right Second Molar
72 Deciduous Mandibular Left Lateral Incisor
Palmers Anatomical tooth name - include if this is permanent or deciduous
2 Permanent Maxillary Right Lateral Incisor
7 Permanent Maxillary Left Second Molar
4 Permanent Mandibular Right First Premolar
A Deciduous Mandibular Left Central Incisor
C Deciduous Maxillary Right Canine
B Deciduous Maxillary Left Lateral Incisor
Tooth surface Identify the tooth Surface Abbreviation
M Mesial, surface towards the midline
I Incisal edge, biting edge
D Distal, surface away from the midline
MOD Mesio-occlusal-distal
B Buccal, outside surface, near the cheek
P Palatal
Li Lingual, inside surface, near the tongue
BO Buccal-occlusal
MI Mesio-incisal

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9. Chart the following dental treatment on the following diagrammatic chart.

1 4

10

11
6
2

8 12

1.Crown 2.Root 3.Enamel 4.Dentine

5.Pulp 6.Root canal 7.Periodontal ligament 8. Nerve & Blood

vessels
9.Bone 10.Gum 11.Cementum 12.Root end opening

10. Identify the components of the anaesthetic cartridge labelled below. What must be checked
prior to inserting the cartridge into the syringe?

1. Rubber diaphragm 2. Aluminum cap

3. Neck 4.Cylindrical glass tube
5. Silicon rubber plunger

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11. In the following image, the patient has been prepared for dental treatment. Considering the
placement of light, is the treatment intended for the mandibular or maxillary procedure?

This treatment is intended for the Maxillary procedure

mandibular procedure.

12. Abrasive burs are used for different purposes. Consider the diagram below, and explain the
uses of the three main types of abrasive burs shown.

Finishing and polishing are two abrasive procedures commonly used in dentistry.
Finishing is the process of removing surface defects or scratched created during the
contouring process through the use of cutting or grinding instruments or both, while
polishing is the process of providing luster or gloss on a material surface.
Abrasive burs as shown above are non-bladed rotary instruments that are used to finish
and polish restorations and appliances. They include disc, points, and wheels. They are
also categorised according to the materials of which they are made, including rubber,
stone/diamond, and sandpaper.

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Abrasive discs are used to polish and smooth restorations and appliances. They may be
made of sandpaper, stone/diamond, or carborundum.
Abrasive stones are used for cutting, polishing, and finishing amalgam restorations. They
are also used in the laboratory to adjust and polish appliances.
Rubber wheels and points are impregnated with abrasive agents, which are used for
finishing and polishing.

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13. Identify the PPE in use in the following graphic.

Goggles, Gown, Gloves, and Masks

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