International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics

Volume 115 No. 7 2017, 167-173

ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)
url: http://www.ijpam.eu
Special Issue
ijpam.eu

DATA ANALYTICS FOR SMART HMIS

Dhivyalakshmi.S1, Umamakeswari.A2, Aishwarya.V3, Subramanian E.R.S3,

Sri Gurubaran.B3, Shailesh Dheep.G3
1
M.Tech-CSE, 2Associate Dean-CSE, 3B.Tech-CSE,
School of Computing, SASTRA University, Thanjavur.
lakshmi.dhivya2@gmail.com

Abstract: With the arrival of the emerging trend in the
development of IoT enabled solutions in every business
as well as service sector, this manuscript proposes a
Data Analytics for Smart Hospital Management and
Information System that is aimed at keeping one
objective in mind which is a better patient care at an
affordable cost. The system will not only automatically
monitor and track sick people, hospital personnel and
biomedical devices but will also help the doctors in
better decision making to treat sick people effectively.
There is research taking place around the world to
bridge the gap between technology and healthcare so
that diseases can be easily and quickly diagnosed. So,
the goal of this project is to design and develop a
Hospital Management and Information System (HMIS)
which make use of the Data Analytics concept. The
proposed system will be used by clinicians and
laboratory personnel to diagnose emerging diseases as
early as possible and treat the same with appropriate
medications.
Keywords: Data Analytics, Hospital Management
and Information System, Linear search, Sorting,
Decision Support System, JIPMER Database etc.
1. Introduction
In today’s world, technology is growing at a healthy
pace for making everyone’s life simpler. Technological
advancement can be observed in almost every sector as
it is much evident in our day-to-day life. Even though
there is a rapid growth in technology on one side, there
is also a gradual and noticeable increase in the
evolution and emergence of new diseases. Hence, there
are more research works that are taking place around
the world to bridge technology to fill the gaps of
healthcare systems so that diseases can be easily and
quickly diagnosed.
Data Analytics (DA) is the learning of exploring
raw data for the purpose of getting conclusion. Data
analytics is used in many sectors since it helps
organization to make enhanced business conclusions
and to verify or disprove existing systems in various
science fields.
Data Analytics helps healthcare organizations to
combine their clinical and laboratory data and use them
to quickly diagnose existing diseases as well as to
identify new diseases. That can lead to smarter
treatment moves, more efficient operations, higher
patient turnover and better patient care. Moreover, the
healthcare organizations can find better value in
reduction in cost, relevant and better Decision Making
and providing New Remedies or solutions.
There are more research works that are taking place
around the world to bridge technology to fill the gaps
of healthcare system so that diseases can be easily and
quickly diagnosed. So, the aim of the project is to
design and develop a Hospital Management and
Information System (HMIS) which make use of the
Data Analytics concept. The proposed system will be
used by clinicians and laboratory personnel to diagnose
emerging diseases as early as possible and treat the
same with appropriate medication.
2. Related works
Authors, [1] proposed a robust model for big healthcare
data analytics. The purpose of this learning is to
discourse the recent growths in big data analytics with
medical application field. The first step contains in
deliberating the concept of problem domain with its
importance with 4 V’s (volume, velocity, variety and
veracity). The second step evolves how these purposes
can help healthcare organization for analytical
approaches. The third step comprises assigning the
transmitted task to team for proper execution of
objectives. The fourth step is to position big data
platform for implementation and assessment of big
data. The last step confers the saved results and its
inference for future healthcare medical diagnostic.
Results are conferred with healthcare practitioners and
scientific committee for validation.
In [2], an outline of loading and recovery procedures is
given. Big Data techniques used in medical clouds,
importance and need of Big Data Analytics in medical
field and its merits, viewpoints in promising domain of
predictive analytics, difficulties faced and the cure
methods in medical domain. They carried out the trials
on clinical data by Open source web interface with
Horton works Data Platform. In these trials, they
examined the hospital’s over-all information such as
common obstacles, sicknesses and clinical knowledge.
The authors tried to research on sicknesses, which
affects the patients and the type of hospital where the

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patient should join. They have also investigated on the
types of difficulties encountered by the hospital(s).
Authors [3] have proposed a novel learning to
improvise the Hip Breakage Maintenance Processes in
a Provincial Restoration System using a Business
Intelligence. This paper defines methodology
considered and outcomes attained, utilizing data
management to simplify structure alteration from out-
dated physical structure to programmed BI analytic
answer. This paper converses the summary of Hip
fracture flow, which is a grave life alerting, event for
older adults. The General flow is given as the patient
with hip fracture is admitted to the hospital; clinical
operation should takes place within 48 hours, the
patient need to stay in the hospital for 7 days which is
the least target time, finally therapy at home. The
results produce tangible outcomes in better-quality time
of surgery, reduces the length of hospital stay and
access to rehabilitation.
Volker, Marc, Markus [4] have addressed the trend
towards continuous healthcare where health is
continuously monitored by wearable and immobile
devices. They also discussed recent initiatives toward a
personalized medicine, based on advances in molecular
medicine, data management and data analytics.
Authors [5] have proposed a novel architecture which
advises in using the Hadoop, Apache Storm, Kafka and
NoSQL Cassandra. The authors proposed a basic
architecture by merging the merits of the batch-based
and real-time based computing to improvise the big
data computing in the medical domain. In the proposed
structure, as the authors mentioned earlier, big data
analytics in the medical can be categorized into two
equivalent layers called real-time based computing and
batch-based Computing. Stream Computing integrates
Kafka to enable real-time computing, on the other
hand, in batch computing the output data are produced
by the Hadoop cluster and used to store them in the
HBase Database.
In this paper, authors [6] have proposed a novel
approach in Big Data with Integrated Cloud Computing
with Healthcare Analytics. In this article the authors
have specified to fuse the two technologies such as
Cloud Computing and Big Data to get improvement in
the area of healthcare organization. In the proposed
approach the authors have conferred different
application domain of integrating these two
technologies. This combination is expected to increase
the proficiency and usefulness for patient outcome of
disease. There are several advantages for this approach.
It is very much helpful in tracing and handling the
population health more competently and successfully. It
also improves the ability to deliver preventive care etc.
In this paper [7] a Platform for interactive healthcare
analytics under simulated enactment is proposed. The
authors established a platform called Healthcare Big
Data Analytics (HBDA). The proof-of-concept was
done and the result of the test matched with the patient
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data representative of the hospital system. The authors
did cross check with the available data, profiles and
metadata with the already available medical report. The
outcomes proved that processing time for one billion
records took 2 hours when Apache Spark is used.
Apache Drill outstripped Spark/Zeppelin and
Spark/Jupiter.
Authors [8] proposed security solution for big data
analytics in medical domain. This paper discusses four
main security models which are De-Identification
model, Data centric approach, Walled Garden approach
and Jujutsu model. The first model deals with the
unknown customer data which allows deeper analysis
on the facts by the scientists without providing any
disrespect to the industry and to the government data
privacy policy. The second model protects the
information at the information level itself. The third
model keeps the whole cluster under its private linkage
and strongly controls the coherent entrance via the
firewalls and the access controls. The final model is the
traditional martial art technique, which has the
capability to design and implement an engine called a
vibrant reference engine.
Author [9] discusses various applications provided by
big data analytics in medical domain. The aim was to
review few applications in medical domain and their
related outcomes. The first application called
Diagnosis, discussed is integrated software which helps
health resorts and the treatment center to use health
care analytics. The second application called
Treatment, tracks the consequences and the effects of
several patients. IBM’s Supercomputer allows the
medical organizations to create their own software,
yields and information analytics [10]. The third
application called Readmission, avoids re-admitting
patients which can be caused by mishandling the data,
confusion and shortage of right to use the relevant data
and aggregating the status of individual patient.
3. Implementation
The algorithm is designed to be implemented at any
major hospitals across the nation. JIPMER, Puducherry
is India’s one of the largest central government hospital
after AIIMS in terms of infrastructure, patient care and
research. Hence, JIPMER was chosen as a site for
requirement analysis, testing and implementation. All
the workflow of the project has been designed and
developed as per the database structure of JIPMER.
Before proceeding with the proposed solution, a
research ground work was carried out in order to build
more efficient system. The drawbacks of the existing
Hospital Information System of the hospital was
analyzed and conducted a comparative study with the
proposed system to make sure the solution that is
proposed provides a concrete solution to the existing
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drawbacks of a real time hospital information system of
any hospital.
Authors [11] proposed a system with an idea of
creating a smart architecture that was aimed for
meeting two prime objectives like keeping the track of
hospital personnel and monitoring patients in times of
emergency and critical situations. The proposed system
provides a data analytics system that will be helpful
even in treating the patients in addition to monitoring.
That is, through the data obtained via patient
demographics and general examination the proposed
system will additionally input data like symptoms to
proceed for further data analytics.
Initially, the consultant will obtain the patient’s case
sheet and will enter his/her hospital number into the
system. The system will use a linear search algorithm
to validate whether the entered hospital number is a
valid one or not. If it is a valid hospital number then
another linear search algorithm will check if the patient
is a follow-up patient or a new patient to the hospital
and system. If he/she is a follow-up patient his/her
previous visit data would be fetched from the database
including his persisting symptoms from the proposed
system’s database. Otherwise, if the patient is a new
patient, only the patient’s basic demographics and
general examination alone will be pulled from the
hospital’s database. This will further let the consultant
to check the patient and enter the findings and
symptoms into the system to check the possible
provisional diagnosis for the patient.
For obtaining the provisional diagnosis, Decision
Support System algorithm was used as there are more
possibilities for a patient to have more than one disease
based on his/her symptoms. Decision support system
will first examine the patient’s general examination to
figure out if there are any chances for a general fever or
any other critical complications for any disease. If the
examination turns out to be very sceptic for any major
disease then algorithm will take the symptoms into
account and performs a linear search algorithm to find
out if there are any matching diseases with the input
symptoms. As per the standard rule of medical
practices, only if more than input three symptoms
matches with the symptoms of any disease the
algorithm will consider them as provisional diagnosis.
If more than one diagnosis is found then a Selection
sort algorithm is performed to list out the diagnosis in
the order of maximum number matched symptoms.
That is, disease in the descending order of the number
of matched symptoms displayed the most possible
diagnosis on the top and the least possible diagnosis on
the bottom.
The possible provisional diagnosis will be displayed
along with the necessary laboratory investigations that
can be carried out to confirm one or more of the
suggested provisional diagnosis as the final diagnosis.
The consultant will advise all the relevant
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investigations for the patient and will suggest him/her
to turn up for a follow-up review on a particular day.
Once, the investigation results are ready and the patient
turns out for his follow-up the decision support
algorithm will analyze out from the list of
investigations to confirm one or more diseases as the
final diagnosis. Once a final diagnosis has been
confirmed, the system will display the list of
medications that need to be prescribed for the patient
and the advice that need to be provided to the patient
for a better and speedy recovery.
3.1. Complexities
• JIPMER has classified patient general patients
and hospital staffs and students and are storing the
details in separate tables of their DB. So, in order to
validate a patient’s hospital number the search
algorithm should go through both the tables.
• Decision Support System algorithm can only be
defined and designed for every single
disease/diagnosis. Hence, within a short span of time
the algorithm was defined only for three similar
symptoms oriented diseases.
• JIPMER did not have a symptoms based
database to carry out the data analytics and hence the
proposed system though being an analytics system was
in a condition to input symptoms as a free text instead
of drop-down values that could be populated from
database. Hence, for the same reason, a sample
symptoms and diseases table has been designed for
carrying out analytics.
• JIPMER has a separate vast database for
pharmacology. But the major drawback was that
JIPMER have not gone online for prescriptions and
have not associated diagnosis with medications. Hence,
for the same reason, a sample table was created to
associate diseases with medications and advice.
• JIPMER’s database tables were highly and
neatly normalized. This has increased the complexity of
pulling out investigations results from the database.
There were almost 8 tables that were associated with a
patient’s laboratory report. Hence, complex join queries
have been written to pull out each investigation for
even a single patient.
3.2. Algorithms Used
The system has been built in such a way that project
would be tested and implemented in a real time
scenario with efficiency. Hence, standard algorithms
have been used for completing the project. Some of
them include:
• Linear search: Linear search techniques have
been used throughout the project wherever searching is
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carried out. For instance, to validate a patient’s hospital

number linear search algorithm is used. Similarly to
find out the list of provisional diagnosis the same
algorithm has been used.
• Selection Sort: Selecting sort technique is one
of the most standard sorting techniques that have been
used across many products. The same has been used for
list out the possible provisional diagnosis in the order
of matching symptoms. That is, the diagnosis with
maximum number of matched symptoms will
obviously have the maximum probability of being
diagnosed as the final diagnosis. Hence, the list of
provisional diagnosis has been sorted using selection
sort technique.
• Decision Support System Algorithm
(described in fig 1): One of the world’s famous
healthcare algorithms that are used for making a
decision for confirming a diagnosis is decision support
system algorithm. The same has been used in the
project to analyze the results and confirm one or more
of the provisionally diagnosed disease as the final
diagnosis.

Methodology used here is Machine learning. Machine

learning is a category of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
which offers, the ability to learn without being
programmed openly, to computer. Machine learning
concentrates on the development of computer programs
that can help them to teach themselves to grow and
Figure 1. Overall view change when exposed to new data. Machine learning is
a technique of Data Analytics that powers the analytical
3.3. Decision support system –Algorithm for model construction.
malaria Using some existing algorithms, Machine learning
permits computer to interpret the buried meaning
without being programmed openly where to look. With
the dawn of wearable devices and sensors which will
use records to assess a patient’s health in real time,
helps machine learning a faster emerging technology in
the hospital industry. This technology can also help
medical specialists to analyze the data which helps to
identify the trends that may lead to enhanced diagnoses
and treatments.
Popular Machine learning approaches are supervised
learning, unsupervised learning, Reinforcement
learning and Semi supervised learning. But, the
machine learning method adopted here is Unsupervised
learning. Unsupervised learning is used on the data
which has no chronological marker. Popular techniques

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of unsupervised learning include self-organizing maps, Figure 2. Fetching Patient Details and Entering
k-NN mapping, k-means clustering and singular value Symptoms after Authentication Process
decomposition.
Decision-Tree learning is an algorithm that uses a
decision tree as a predictive model which maps
observation to conclusion. It has advantages such as
easy to understand and interpret, needs only little data
preparation, robust and uses white box testing etc. It
also has limitations such as Decision-tree is based on
heuristic algorithm which will not provide optimal
decision-tree. Learners of decision-tree will create
over-complex trees which will not generalize well from
the data set. Concepts in decision-tree are complex to
learn etc.
The system has been built in such a way that project
would be tested and implemented in a real time
scenario with efficiency.

4. Output/Results

The typical outcomes of the proposed system will be

broken down into multiple stages like providing the list
of possible provisional diagnosis for the list of given Figure 3. Displaying Provisional Diagnosis details
symptoms, providing the list of laboratory
investigations that can be advised for the patient in
order to diagnose one or more of the suspected diseases
from the list of provisional diagnosis, providing the
appropriate final diagnosis based on the laboratory
values obtained and providing the list of appropriate
medications for curing the disease(s). The proposed
system also aims in providing the clinicians with the
list of possible procedures that can be performed for the
patient in case the disease has been found to be
requiring an admission and surgery. Patient details and
symptoms of the patient are entered (in fig 2) . The
provisional diagnosis details are displayed for reference
(in fig 3).

Figure 4. Displaying Laboratory Result

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Figure 5. Displaying Final Diagnosis and Treatment
Details
The laboratory results and final diagnosis and treatment
details are finally displayed (in fig 4,5).
5. Conclusion
The paper is aimed at developing a complete Hospital
Management and Information system that result in
better patient care as well as optimizes the utility of the
hospital resources to the maximum. The system will
reduce the routine effort put by the hospital personnel
at different stages like registration, general
examination, consultation review, laboratory findings
and treatment. The entry point of the system will start
from registration and the exit point of the system will
either be the procedure to be performed along with
medications or medications alone. The data are
categorized and normalized properly in order to ensure
data security and indexing. Overall, the system will
meet the objectives of a complete HMIS which will not
only used for diagnosing and treatment but will also
ensure data security, reusability and better patient care.
6. Acknowledgments
The authors wish to express their sincere thanks to the
Department of Science & Technology, New Delhi,
India (Project-ID:SR/FST/ETI-371/2014) and
SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India for extending
the infrastructural support to carry out this work.
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