MIT Arts, Design and Technology University, Rajbaug, Pune

MIT School of Engineering

Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities

17BTMT101 Calculus and Linear Algebra

CA : 40 Marks FE : 60 Marks
Unit-I: Matrices [09]
Rank, Canonical form, Normal Form, System of Linear Equations, Orthogonal
Transformations, Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors, Diagonalization of Matrices, Cayley Hamilton
Theorem, Applications to problems in Engineering.

UNIT-I
MATRICES
Question Bank
Normal form and Rank of a Matrix:
I. Define Rank and Normal form of a matrix. Reduce the following matrices to its normal form and
hence find its rank:
1 5 4  1 2 3  1 2 3 
01. 0 3 2  02. 1 4 2  03. 2 3 1
     
 2 3 10   2 6 5   3 1 2 

1 1 1 1  1 3 4 3 3 0 2 2 
04. 1 1 2 1 05. 3 9 12 3 06.  6 42 24 54 
     
3 1 0 1  1 3 4 1  21 21 0 15 

1 2 3 2   1 2 1 4  1 3 6 1
07. 2 3 5 1 08. 2 4 3 5 09. 1 4 5 1 
     
 1 3 4 5   1 2 6 7  1 5 4 3 

 1 2 1 2  1 2 3 4   2 1 3 6 
10.
 2 5 3 0  11. 2 1 4 3  12.  3 3 1 2 
     
 1 0 1 10   3 0 5 10  1 1 1 2 

 3 2 0 1 6 1 3 8  2 3 1 1 
0 2 2 7  4 2 6 1 1 1 2 4 
13.   14.  15. 
1 2 3 2  10 3 9 7 3 1 3 2 
     
0 1 2 1  16 4 12 15  6 3 0 7 

1 2 3 0 1 1 2 3 2 3 4 5 
2 4 3 2  4 1 0 2  3 4 5 6 
16.  17.  20.  
3 2 1 3 0 3 1 4 4 5 6 7 
     
6 8 7 5 0 1 0 2 9 10 11 12 

1
  1 2 1 4  0 1 3 1 12 22 32 42 
2 4 3 4 1  2 
   0 1 1  2 32 42 52 
21. 22. 23.
1 2 3 4 3 1 0 2  32 42 52 62 
     2 
 1 2 6 7  1 1 2 0  4 52 62 72 

1 2 1 0 
3 2 1 3 2 3 2 1 2 
3 2 5 2 7  1
1 1 2 3 5   0 2 1 4   
24. 25. 26.  2 1 2 5 
  2 3 3 4 6  
3 3 6 9 15   5 6 3 2 
1 2 4 1 8
1 3 1 3

 2 2 2 0 2   1 2 3 4 9 
 2 4 3 1 0  3 1 1 4 1   1 0 1 1 1 
1 2 1 4 2     
27.  28.  0 1 0 1 2  29.  3 1 1 0 1
 0 1 1 3 1    
  1 1 3 2 2   1 1 0 2 9 
 4 7 4 4 5
 2 2 4 6 3  3 1 0 3 9 

1 1 1 0 
4 4 3 1 
30. Find the value of such that the rank of A  
p is 3.
p 2 2 2
 
9 9 p 3

Ans: 01.   A  2 02.   A  2 03.   A  3 04.   A  2

05.   A  2 06.   A  2 07.   A  2 08.   A  2

09.   A  2 10.   A  2 11.   A  3 12.   A  3

13.   A  4 14.   A  2 15.   A  3 16.   A  3

17.   A  4 18.   A  2 19.   A  3 20.   A  2

21.   A  4 22.   A  2 23.   A  3 24.   A  3

25.   A  2 26.   A  4 27.   A  4 28.   A  4

29.   A  4 30. p  6

II. Find the rank of all above matrices by reducing to its Echelon Form.
III. Find non-singular matrices P and Q such that the normal form of the matrix A is PAQ , where

A are the following matrices and hence find A1 if exists. Also find its rank.

2 3 4  3 3 4  1 1 2 
01. A   4 3 1  02. A   2 3 4  03. A  1 2 3 
 1 2 4   0 1 1  0 1 1

2
 1 2 3  1 1 1  2 2 3 
04. A   2 1 0  05. A  1 1 1  06. A   3 1 2 
 3 1 2  3 1 1  1 2 1

 2 1 3 6  1 2 3 4  1 2 1 0
07. A   3 3 1 2  08. A   2 1 4 3  09. A   2 4 3 0 
1 1 1 2   3 0 5 10   1 0 2 8

Answer:
0 0 1  1 2 4   10 4 9 
01. 
P   1 0 2  , Q  0 1 4  , A   15 4 14  ,   A   3
   1 1
5
 1 1 5 6 5 0 0 1   5 1 6 

 1 1 0  1 0 0   1 1 0 
02. P   0 0 1  , Q  0 1 1  , A   2 3 4  ,   A   3
    1

 2 3 3 0 0 1   2 3 3

 1 0 0 1 1 1  3 2 1
03. P   1 1 0  , Q  0 1 1 , A   0 0 1 ,   A   2 .
    1

 1 1 1  0 0 1   1 1 1 

 1 0 0 1 2 3 5   
04. P   2 5 1 5 0  , Q  0 1 6 5 , A  
    1 ,  A  3 .
  
 1 1 1 0 0 1   

 1 0 0 1 1 0   
 0  , Q  0 1 1 , A  
   ,  A  2 .
05. P   1 2 1 2 1
  
 1 4 1 2 1 4  0 0 1   

     3 4 1
06. P   , Q  
 
 , A 1  1  5 5 5  ,  A  3 .
  
5 
     7 6 4 

1 1 3 4 3 1 3
 1 0 0 0 1 6 5 6 7 6 
07. P   2 1 0  , Q    , A 1 does not exist,   A  3 .
0 0 1 0 
 1 1 1   
0 0 0 1 

1 1 9 5
 1 0 0  0 1 5 2 
08. 
P 2 1 
0 , Q    , A 1 does not exist,   A  3 .
0 1 5 3 
 1 12 1 6 1 12   
0 0 1 0 

3
  
   
09. P   , Q  

 , A 1 does not exist,   A  3
 
   
 
System of Non-homogeneous Linear Equations:
IV. Test for consistency and if consistent, solve the following system of equations:
1. 3x  y  2 z  3; 2 x  3 y  z  3; x  2 y  z  4 .
2. x  2 y  2 z  1; 2 x  2 y  3z  3; x  y  3z  5 .

3. 2 x  3 y  4 z  11; x  5 y  7 z  15; 3x  11y  13z  25 .

4. x  y  z  6; 2 x  y  3z  13; 5 x  2 y  z  12; 2 x  3 y  2 z  10 .

5. 3x  3 y  2 z  1; x  2 y  4; 10 y  3z  2; 2 x  3 y  z  5 .

6. x  y  z  6; x  y  2 z  5; 3x  y  z  8 2 x  2 y  3z  7 .

7. 2 x1  x2  2 x3  x4  6; 6 x1  6 x2  6 x3  12 x4  36, 4 x1  3x2  3x3  3x4  1,

2 x1  2 x2  x3  x4  10 .

8. 2 x1  x2  5 x3  x4  8; x1  3x2  6 x4  15, 2 x2  x3  2 x4  5; x1  4 x2  7 x3  6 x4  0 .

9. 2 x1  x2  2 x3  x4  6; 6 x1  6 x2  6 x3  12 x4  36, 4 x1  3x2  3x3  3x4  1,

2 x1  2 x2  x3  x4  10 .

10. 2 x1  x2  5 x3  x4  5; x1  x2  3x3  4 x4  1, 3x1  6 x2  2 x3  x4  8; 2 x1  2 x2  2 x3  3x4  2 .

11. 2 x1  x2  x3  3x4  8; x1  x2  x3  x4  2  0, 3x1  2 x2  x3  6; 4 x2  3x3  2 x4  8  0 .

12. 2 x1  x2  x3  3x4  11; x1  2 x2  x3  x4  8, 4 x1  7 x2  2 x3  x4  0; 3x1  5 x2  4 x3  4 x4  17 .

13. 4 x  2 y  6 z  8; x  y  3 z  1; 15 x  3 y  9 z  21.

14. 2 x1  3x2  5 x3  1; 3x1  x2  3x3  2, x1  4 x2  6 x3  1 .

15. 2 x  y  z  2; x  2 y  z  2; 4 x  7 y  5 z  2 .

16. 5 x  3 y  7 z  4; 3 x  26 y  2 z  9; 7 x  2 y  10 z  5 .

17. 2 x  3 y  7 z  5; 3x  5 y  3z  13; 2 x  19 y  47 z  32 .

18. x  y  z  3; 2 x  y  3z  1; 4 x  y  5 z  2; 3x  2 y  z  4 .

19. 2 x  6 y  11  0; 6 x  20 y  6 z  3  0; 6 y  18 z  1  0 .

20. x1  x2  2 x3  x4  5; 2 x1  3x2  x3  2 x4  2, 4 x1  5 x2  3x3  7

Answer:
1. Unique solution x  1, y  2, z  1 2. Unique solution x  1, y  1, z  1
3. Unique solution x  2, y  3, z  4 4. Unique solution x  1, y  2, z  3

4
 5. Unique solution x  2, y  1, z  4 6. Unique solution x  1, y  2, z  3

7. Unique solution x1  2, x2  1, x3  1, x4  3

8. Unique solution x1  3, x2  4, x3  1, x4  1 .

9. Unique solution x1  2, x2  1, x3  1, x4  3 .

10. Unique solution x1  2, x2  1 5, x3  0, x4  4 5 .

11, Unique solution x1  2, x2  1, x3  2, x4  1 .

12. Unique solution x1  2, x2  1, x3  1, x4  3 .

13. Infinite solution x  1, y  3t  2, z  t .

14. Infinite solution x1   7  2t  11, x2  1  17t  11, x3  t .

15. Infinite solution x   6  t  5, y   2  3t  5, z  t .

16. Infinite solution x   7  16t  11, y   3  t  11, z  t .

17. No solution. 18. No solution 19. No solution 20. No solution.

V. Solve the following problems:
1. For what values of k the equations: x  y  z  1; 2 x  y  4 z  k ; 4 x  y  10 z  k 2 have
infinite number of solutions? Hence find solutions.
2. Use matrix method to determine the values of  for which the equations. x  2 y  z  3;

x  y  z   ; 3x  y  3z   2 are consistent and solve them for these values of  .

3. Show that the system 3 x  4 y  5 z   ; 4 x  5 y  6 z   ; 5 x  6 y  7 z   is consistent only

when  ,  ,  are in arithmetic progression.
4. For what values of k , the set of equations 2 x  3 y  6 z  3; y  4 z  1; 4 x  5 y  8 z  k have
infinite number of solutions. Hence find solutions.
5. Investigate the values of  and  so that the equations: 2 x  3 y  5 z  9; 7 x  3 y  2 z  8;
2 x  3 y   z   have (i) no solution (ii) an infinite Solution (iii) a
unique solution.
6. Investigate for what values of  and  the system of simultaneous equations, x  y  z  6;
x  2 y  3z  10; x  2 y   z   have (i) no solution (ii) an infinite Solution
(iii) a unique solution.
7. Determine the value of  for which the equations, 3x1  2 x2  4 x3  3; 5 x1  4 x2  6 x3  15 ,

x1  x2  x3   ; are consistent. Find also the corresponding solution.

8. Show that the system of equations, 3 x  4 y  5 z  a; 4 x  5 y  6 z  b; 5 x  6 y  7 z  c will

be consistent only if a  c  2b .
5
 9. For what values of k the following set of equations possesses infinitely number of solution
and hence find solution for respective value of k , 2 x  3 y  6 z  5t  3; y  4 z  t  1;
4 x  5 y  8 z  9t  k .

Answer:
1. k  1, 2 . 2.   2, x  1  t , y  1, z  t   3, x  3  t , y  0, z  t
3. 2     4. k 7
5. (i) No Solution   5,   9 (ii) Infinite Solution   5,   9
(iii) Unique Solution   5,  can have any value.
6. (i) No Solution   3,   10 (ii) Infinite Solution   3,   10
(iii) Unique Solution   3,  can have any value.
7. k 7 8. 2b  a  c 9. k 7
System of Homogeneous Linear Equations:
VI. Examine for non-trivial solution for the following set of equations and solve them, if so.
1. x  2 y  3z  0; 2 x  3 y  z  0; 4 x  5 y  4 z  0 .

2. 4 x1  x2  x3  0; x1  2 x2  x3  0; 3x1  x2  5 x3  0 .
3. x  2 y  0; 2 x  y  z  0; 4 x  3 y  2 z  0 .
4. x  2 y  3z  0; 2 x  3 y  z  0; 4 x  5 y  4 z  0; x  y  2 z  0 .
5. 5 x  2 y  3z  0; 3x  y  z  0; 2 x  y  6 z  0 .
6. 2 x  y  3z  0; 3x  2 y  z  0; x  4 y  5 z  0 .
7. x  3 y  z  0; 2 x  2 y  6 z  0; 3x  y  5 z  0 .
8. x  y  2 z  0; x  2 y  3z  0; x  3 y  4 z  0; 3x  4 y  7 z  0 .
9. x  y  3z  0; x  y  z  0;  x  2 y  0; x  y  z  0 .

10. 2 x1  2 x2  5 x3  3x4  0; 4 x1  x2  x3  x4  0; 3x1  2 x2  3x3  4 x4  0;

x1  3x2  7 x3  6 x4  0 .

11. 2 x1  x2  3x3  6 x4  0; 3x1  x2  x3  3x4  0;  x1  2 x2  3x3  0; .

 x1  4 x2  2 x3  7 x4  0 .

12. x1  3x2  4 x3  6 x4  0; x2  6 x3  0; 2 x1  2 x2  2 x3  2 x4  0; .

x1  x2  4 x3  4 x4  0 .

13. x1  2 x2  3x4  0; 2 x1  x2  x3  7 x4  0; 4 x1  3x2  2 x3  2 x4  0 .

Answer:
1. | A | 7  0 , Trivial Solution x  y  z  0 .

6
 2. | A | 47  0 , Trivial Solution x1  x2  x3  0 .

3. | A | 5  0 , Trivial Solution x  y  z  0 .
4. | A | 7  0 , Trivial Solution x  y  z  0 .
5. | A | 10  0 , Trivial Solution x  y  z  0 .
6. | A | 0 , Non-trivial Solution x  t, y  t, z  t .
7. | A | 0 , Non-trivial Solution x  2t , y  t , z  t .
8. | A | 0 , Non-trivial Solution x  t, y  t, z  t .
9. | A | 0 , Non-trivial Solution x  2t , y  t , z  t .

10. | A | 0 , Non-trivial Solution x1  5t 9, x2  4t , x3  7t 9, x4  t .

11. | A | 0 , Non-trivial Solution x1  t , x2  t , x3  t , x4  t .

12. | A | 0 , Non-trivial Solution x1  2t , x2  6t , x3  t , x4  2t .

13. | A | 0 , Non-trivial Solution x1  9t 5, x2  12t 5, x3  t , x4  t .

VII. Solve the following questions:
1. Show that the system of equations, x1  2 x2  3x3   x1; 3x1  x2  2 x3   x2 ;

2 x1  3x2  x3   x3 can possess a non-trivial solution only if   6 .Obtain general solution

for real values of  .

2. Show that the equations, ax  by  cz  0; bx  cy  az  0; cx  ay  bz  0 has a nontrivial
solutions only if a  b  c  0 or a  b  c .
3. For different values of k , discuss the nature of the solution of the following equations
x  y  z  0; 3x  (k  7) y  3 z  0; 2 x  4 y  (k  3) z  0 .

4. Determine the values of b for which the system of equations has non-trivial solutions, find

them, (b 1) x  (4b  2) y   b  3 z  0; (b  1) x  (3b  1) y  2bz  0;

2 x  (3b  1) y  3  b  1 z  0 .

5. Find the values of  for which the equations, (  1) x  (3  1) y  2 z  0;

(  1) x  (4  2) y  (  3) z  0; 2 x  (3  1) y  3(  1) z  0 are consistent and find the

ratios x : y : z when  has the smallest of these values. What happens when  has the greater
of these values.

Answer: 1. For,   6, x1  x2  x3  t . 2. a  b  c  0 or a  b  c .

3. For, k  1, x  t , y  0, z  t , k  1, x  2t , y  t , z  0 .

4. For,  0, x  y  z  0, b  3, x  5t1  3t2 , x  t1 , z  t2 .

7
Linearly Dependence and Linearly Independence:
VIII. Test the following vectors for linearly dependence and find a relation between them if dependent:
1. (2,  1, 3, 2), (1, 3, 4, 2), (3,  5, 2, 2)

2. (1, 2, 4), (2,  1, 3), (0, 1, 2), ( 3, 7, 2)

3. (1, 2,  1, 0), (1, 3, 1, 2), (4, 2, 1, 0), (6, 1, 0, 1)

4. (1,  1, 1), (2, 1, 1), (3, 0, 2)

5. (1, 1, 1, 3), (1, 2, 3, 4), (2, 3, 4, 7)

6. (1, 2, 3), (2,  2, 6)

7. (3, 1,  4), (2, 2,  3), (0,  4, 1)

8. (2, 3, 4,  2), (1,  2,  2, 1), (1, 1, 2,  1)

9. (2, 2, 7,  1), (3,  1, 2, 4), (1, 1, 3, 1)

10. (2, 1,  1, 1), (1, 2, 1,  1), (1, 1, 2, 1)

11. (1,  2,  3, 4), (2, 4,  1, 3), (1, 2, 7, 6)

12. (1, 2, 4)T , (3, 7, 10)T

13. (2, 2, 1)T , (1, 3, 1)T , (1, 2, 2)T

1  3 1
     
14.  2,  2  ,  6 
 3 1  5 
     
15. (1, 3, 4, 2), (3,  5, 2, 2), (2,  1, 3, 2) .

16.  2, 1, 1 ,  2, 0, 1 ,  4, 2, 1

17. 1, 1, 0  ,  0, 1, 1 ,  0, 0, 1

18. 1, 2, 4  ,  2, 1, 3 ,  0, 1, 2  ,  3, 7, 2 

19. 1, 1, 1, 1 , 1, 1, 2, 1 , 3, 1, 0, 1

Answer:
1. Linearly Dependent, Relation 2x1  x2  x3 .

2. Linearly Dependent, Relation 9 x1  5 x3  12 x2  5 x4 .

3. Linearly Independent, No Relation.
4. Linearly Dependent, Relation x1  x2  x3 .

5. Linearly Dependent, Relation x1  x2  x3 .

6. Linearly Independent, No Relation.
7. Linearly Dependent, Relation 2 x1  3x2  x3 .

8
 8. Linearly Dependent, Relation x1  x2  x3 .
9. Linearly Independent, No Relation.
10. Linearly Independent, No Relation.
11. Linearly Independent, No Relation.
12. Linearly Independent, No Relation.
13. Linearly Independent, No Relation.
14. Linearly Dependent, Relation 2x1  x3  x2 .

15. Linearly Dependent, Relation x1  x2  2 x3  0 .

16. Linearly Independent, No Relation.
17. Linearly Independent, No Relation.
18. Linearly Dependent, Relation 9 x1  12 x2  5 x3  5 x4  0 .

19. Linearly Dependent, Relation 2 x1  x2  x3  0 .

Linear Transformations:
Q.9. Solve the following questions:
 2 1 1   x1 
1. Given the transformation Y   1 1 2   x2  . Find the coordinates ( x1 , x2 , x3 ) in X
 1 0 2   x3 

corresponding to (1, 2,  1) in Y .

1 1 2   x1 
2. Given the transformation Y   2 1 1   x2  . Find the coordinates ( x1 , x2 , x3 ) in X
 3 1 1  x3 

corresponding to (2, 3, 0) in Y , where Y  [ y1, y2 , y3 ]T .

 4 5 1   x1 
3. If Y   3 1 2   x2  . Find the coordinates ( x1 , x2 , x3 ) in X corresponding to
1 4 1   x3 

(2, 9, 5) in Y .

1 2 3   x1 
4. Given the transformation Y   2 0 3  x2  . Find the coordinates ( x1 , x2 , x3 ) in X
1 1 1   x3 

corresponding to (2, 3, 0) in Y .

5. Express each of the transformations x1  3 y1  5 y2 ; x2   y1  7 y2 ; y1  z1  3z2 ;

y2  4 z1 in the matrix form and find the composite transformation which express x1 , x2

in terms of z1 , z2 .
9
 6. Express each of the transformations x1  3 y1  2 y2 ; y1  z1  2 z2 ; x2   y1  4 y2 ;

y2  3z1 by the use of matrices and the composite transformation which express x1 , x2 in

terms of z1 , z2 .

7. Show that the transformation y1  2 x1  x2  x3 ; y2  x1  x2  2 x3 ; y3  x1  2 x3 is

regular. Write down the inverse transformation.
8. Show that the transformation y1  2 x1  2 x2  x3 ; y2  4 x1  5 x2  3x3 ; y3  x1  x2  x3
is regular. Write down the inverse transformation.
9. Find the inverse transformation of y1  x1  2 x2  5 x3 ; y2  2 x1  4 x2  11x3 ; y3   x2  2 x3
. Find its inverse.
10. A transformation from the variable x1 , x2 , x3 to y1 , y2 , y3 is given by Y  AX and

another transformation from y1 , y2 , y3 to z1 , z2 , z3 is given by Z  BY , where

2 1 0 1 1 1
A   0 1 2  , B  1 2 3 . Obtain the transformation from
  x1 , x2 , x3 to
 1 2 1  1 3 5

z1 , z2 , z3 .

11. A transformation from the variable x1 , x2 , x3 to y1 , y2 , y3 is given by X  AY and

another transformation from y1 , y2 , y3 to z1 , z2 , z3 is given by Y  BZ , where

1 1 1 1 2 1
A   0 1 1  , B  1 0 1  . Obtain the transformation from
  x1 , x2 , x3 to
 2 1 3   2 1 1 

z1 , z2 , z3 .

Answer:
1.  x1 , x2 , x3    1, 3, 0  . 2.  x1 , x2 , x3   8 5, 5, 9 5

3.  x1 , x2 , x3    2, 1, 1 4.  x1 , x2 , x3    21 19, 16 19, 5 19 

5. x1  23z1  9 z2 , x2  27 z1  3z2 . 6. x1  9 z1  6 z2 , x2  11z1  2 z2

7. Regular, x1  2 y1  2 y2  y3 , x2  4 y1  5 y2  3 y3 , x3  y1  y2  y3 .

8. Regular, x1  y1  y3 , x2   y1  y2  2 y3 , x3  3 y1  2 y2  2 y3 .

9. x1  19 y1  9 y2  2 y3 , x2  4 y1  2 y2  y3 , x3  2 y1  y2 .

10. z1  x1  4 x2  x3 , z2   x1  9 x2  x3 , z3  3x1  14 x2  x3 .

11. x1  z2  z3 , x2  3z1  z2  2 z3 , x3  9 z1  7 z2  2 z3

10
Orthogonal Transformations:
X. Solve the following problems:
1. Define orthogonal matrix. Show that following transformations are orthogonal:
(a) x1 cos   x2 sin  ;  x1 sin   x2 cos 

(b) x cos   z sin  ; y;  x sin   z cos  .

Answer: (a) Yes (b) Yes
2. Check whether the following matrices are orthogonal or not?
2 1 2
1  12 5   cos  sin   1
2 2 1 
13  5 12    sin  cos  
(a) (b) (c) 
 3
 1 2 2 

1 2 2  1 2 2   2 1 2 
1
2 2 1 
1
2 1 2 
1
(d)  (e)  (f)  2 2 1 
3 3 3
 2 1 2   2 2 1   1 2 2 

 2 2 1  8 4 1   cos  0 sin  
1
2 1 2 
1
(g) (h) 1 4 8 (i)  0 1 0 
3 9 
 1 1 2   4 7 4    sin  0 cos  

 5 14 2   cos  cos  sin  cos  sin  

1 
(j)  10 5 10  (k)   sin  cos  cos   sin  sin  
15 
 10 2 11   sin  0 cos  

1 2 0 2 
1 1 2 1 6 1 3
   
(l)  0 2 0  (m)  0 2 6 1 3
   
1 2 0 1 2  1 2 1 6 1 3 

1 6 1 2 1 3  1 3 0 26
   
(n) 2 6 0 1 3  (o) 1 3 1 2 1 6 
   
1 6 1 2 1 3   1 3 1 2 1 6 

1 14 2 5 3 70   1 14 0 13 182 
   
(p)  2 14 1 5 6 70  (q)  2 14 3 13 2 182 
   
 3 14 0 5 70   3 14 2 13 3 182 

 4 18 0 13 
 
(r)  1 18 1 2 2 3
 
 1 18 1 2 2 3 

Answer:
(a) Yes (b) Yes (c) Yes (d) Yes
11
 (e) Yes (f) Yes (g) No (h) Yes
(i) Yes (j) Yes (k) Yes (l) Yes
(m) Yes (n) Yes (o) Yes (p) Yes
(q) Yes (r) Yes
3. Determine the value of a, b, c when the following matrices are orthogonal:

 0 2b c  1 2 a  1 3 2 3 a 
(a)  a b c  (b)
1
2 1 b  (c) 2 3 1 3 b 
  3  
 a b c   2 2 c   2 3  2 3 c 

Answer:
1 1 1 2 2 1
(a) a   , b , c (b) a , b , c
2 6 3 3 3 3
2 2 1
(c) a   , b   , c  
3 3 3
2 1 2 2 2 1
4. Verify whether the transformation: y1  x1  x2  x3 ; y2   x1  x2  x3 ;
3 3 3 3 3 3
1 2 2
y3  x1  x2  x3 is orthogonal or not, if so write inverse matrix of the
3 3 3
transformation.
Answer:
2 2 1 1 2 2
Yes, inverse transformation is given by y1  x1  x2  x3 ; y2  x1  x2  x3 ;
3 3 3 3 3 3
2 1 1
y3  x1  x2  x3 .
3 3 3
5. Is the following matrix orthogonal? If not, can it be converted into an orthogonal matrix?
If yes, how?
 2 2 1
 2 1 2 
 
 1 2 2 

Answer:
(i) No (ii) Yes, by multiplying the given matrix to the modulus of any row or
any column.
6. If A is an orthogonal matrix, prove that | A | 1 .

7. If A is an orthogonal matrix, then show that A1 and A ' are also orthogonal.

12
Eigen Values and Eigen Vectors:
XI. Find the Eigen values and Eigen vectors of the following matrices:
14 10  5 4   1 2  3 5
01.  5 1  02. 1 2  03.  5 4  04.  2 4 
       

1 0 1 4 6 6  9 1 9 
05. 1 2 1  06. 1 3 2 07.  3 1 3 
     
 2 2 3   1 4 3  7 1 7 

 2 8 12   2 2 3   4 2 2 
08. 1 4 4  09. 1 1 1  10.  5 3 2 
    
 0 0 1   1 3 1  2 4 1 

 1 1 2   1 1 2   9 2 6 
11.  0 2 1  12.  1 2 1  13.  5 0 3 
     
 0 0 3  0 1 1  16 4 11 

11 4 7   2 1 1  2 2 0
14.  7 2 5  15. 1 2 1 16. 2 1 1
     
10 4 6  1 1 2   7 2 3

8 8 2   6 10 6  15 0 15
17.  4 3 2  18.  0 8 12  19.  3 6 9 
     
 3 4 1   0 0 2   5 0 5 

3 1 4  2 3 1  1 0 0 
20. 0 2 6  21. 3 1 3  22. 0 3 1
    
 0 0 5   5 2 4  0 1 3 

 4 0 1 1 2 4 0 2 0 
23.  2 1 0  24.  2 4 2  25.  3 2 3
     
 2 0 1   2 4 3  0 3 0 

1 6 1   1 1 1 1 1 0 
26. 1 2 0  27.  1 2 3 28. 1 1 2 
     
 0 0 3   1 1 0   0 1 1 

0 1 0  15 4 3  13 3 5 
29. 0 0 1  30.  10 12 6  31.  0 4 0 
   
80 68 16   20 4 2   15 9 7 

 1 20 0   17 18 6  1 6 4 
32.  1 7 1  33.  18 19 6  34. 0 4 2 
     
 3 0 2   9 9 2  0 6 3

13
 2 1 1 2 2 1  2 2 3
35. 2 3 2 36. 1 3 1  37.  2 1 6 
     
 3 3 4   1 2 2   1 2 0 

 2 1 1  9 4 4  1 0 0 
38. 1 2 1 39.  8 3 4  40. 2 0 1
     
 0 0 1  16 8 7   3 1 0 

 2 5 4  5 0 1   2 4 6 
41. 5 7 5 42. 0 2 0  43.  4 2 6 
     
 4 5 2  1 0 5   6 6 15

 7 0 2   7 2 2   8 6 2 
44.  0 5 2  45.  2 1 4  46.  6 7 4 
    
 2 2 6   2 4 1   2 4 3 

 3 1 1  2 2 0 4 0 1
47.  1 5 1 48. 2 2 0 49. 0 8 0
     
 1 1 3   0 0 1   0 0 6 

 1 0 4   2 0 1  6 2 2 
50. 0 5 4 51. 0 2 0 52.  2 6 2 
     
 4 4 3   1 0 2   2 2 10 

 3 2 1 0 1 1  1 2 3
53.  2 3 1 54. 1 0 1  55. 2 4 6
     
 1 1 4  1 1 0   3 6 9 

 6 2 2   7 2 1   2 1 1 
56.  2 3 1 57.  2 10 2  58.  1 2 1
     
 2 1 3   1 2 7   1 1 2 

2 0 1  4 1 1  3 1 1 
59. 0 3 0  60.  1 4 1 61. 1 3 1
     
 1 0 2   1 1 4  1 1 3 

1 2 2  2 1 1   1 1 1
62. 2 1 2 63. 1 2 1 64.  1 1 1
     
 2 2 1  1 1 2   1 1 1 

 3 1 1   2 2 3  1 2 2
65.  1 3 1 66.  2 1 6 67.  0 2 1
     
 1 1 3   3 6 6   1 2 2 

14
 4 6 6  3 10 5   1 2 2
68. 1 3 2 69.  2 3 4  70.  0 2 1
     
 1 5 2   3 5 7   1 2 2 

1 2 3  0 1 0   3 7 5  2 1 0
71. 0 2 3  72. 0 0 1  73. 2 4 3  74. 0 2 1 
      
 0 0 2  1 3 3  1 2 2   0 0 2 

75. If  is an Eigen value of matrix A , show that  n is Eigen value of An .

76. If  is an Eigen value of matrix A , show that | A |  is Eigen value of adj A .

77. Show that if 1 , 2 , 3 ,.... n are Eigen values of a matrix A , then

1 1 , 1 2 , 1 3 ,...., 1 n are Eigen values of A1 .

78. If  is an Eigen value of a orthogonal then show that 1  is also its Eigen value.

 4 0 1
79. Find the spectrum of the matrix A   2 1 0  .
 2 0 1 

0 a b 0 b a 
80. Show that A   a 0 c  and B   b 0 c  have the same characteristic equation.
 b c 0   a c 0 

Answer:

 2  13  36  0;   4, 9; X1   2 1 , X 2  1 1 .
T T
1.

 2  7  6  0;   1, 6; X1  1 1 , X 2   4 1 .
T T
2.

 2  5  6  0;   6,  1; X1   2 5 , X 2  1 1 .
T T
3.

 2    6  0;   1,  2; X1   5 2 , X 2  1 1 .
T T
4.

 3  6 2  11  6  0;   1, 2, 3; X1   1 1 0 , X 2   2 1 2 , X 3  1 1 2 .
T T T
5.

 3  4 2    4  0;   1, 1, 4; X1   6 2 7 , X 2  0 1 1 , X 3  3 1 1 .

T T T
6.

 3   2  2  0;   1, 0, 2; X1  1 1 1 , X 2  1 0 1 , X 3  4 1 3 .

T T T
7.

 3  3 2  2  0;   0, 1, 2; X1   4 1 0 , X 2  4 0 1 , X 3  2 1 0 .
T T T
8.

 3  6 2  11  6  0;   2, 1, 3; X1  11 1 14 , X 2  1 1 1 , X 3  1 1 1 .

T T T
9.

10.  3  8 2  17  10  0;   1, 2, 5; X1  2 1 4 , X 2  1 1 2 , X 3  0 1 1 .
T T T

11.  3  6 2  11  6  0;   1, 2, 3; X1  1 0 0 , X 2  1 1 0 , X 3  1 2 2

T T T

15
12.  3  2 2    2  0;   1, 2, 1; X1  1 0 1 , X 2  1 3 1 , X 3  3 2 1 .
T T T

13.  3  2 2    2  0;   1, 1, 2; X1  1 1 2 , X 2   2 1 3 , X 3  2 1 4 .
T T T

14.  3  3 2  2  0;   0, 1, 2; X1  1 1 1 , X 2  1 1 2 , X 3  2 1 2 .
T T T

15.  3  6 2  11  6  0;   1, 2, 3; X1  0 1 1 , X 2  1 1 1 , X 3  1 0 1 .
T T T

16.  3  13 2  12  0;   1, 3, 4; X1   2 1 4 , X 2  2 1 2 , X 3  1 3 13 .

T T T

17.  3  6 2  11  6  0;   1, 2, 3; X1   4 3 2 , X 2  3 2 1 , X 3  2 1 1 .
T T T

18.  3  16 2  76  96  0;   6, 8, 2; X1  1 0 0 , X 2  5 1 0 , X 3  7 4 2 .

T T T

19.  3  16 2  60  0;   10, 6, 0; X1  3 0 1 , X 2  0 1 0 , X 3  1 1 1 .

T T T

20.  3  10 2  31  30  0;   3, 2, 5; X1  1 0 0 , X 2   1 1 0 , X 3  3 2 1 .

T T T

21.  3   2  2  0;   0, 1, 2; X1  10 3 11 , X 2  1 0 1 , X 3  4 3 7  .

T T T

22.  3  7 2  14  8  0;   1, 2, 4; X1  1 0 0 , X 2  0 1 1 , X 3  0 1 1 .

T T T

23.  3  6 2  11  6  0;   1, 2, 3; X1  0 1 0 , X 2   1 2 2 , X 3   1 1 1 .
T T T

24.  3  25  0;   5, 0 5; X1  1 0 1 , X 2  2 1 0 , X 3  0 2 1 .

T T T

25.  3  2 2  15  0;   3, 0, 5; X1   2 3 3 , X 2  1 0 1 , X 3  2 5 3 .

T T T

26.  3  6 2  5  12  0;   1, 3, 4; X1  3 1 0 , X 2  1 1 4 , X 3  2 1 0 .
T T T

27.  3  3 2    3  0;   1, 1, 3; X1  2 1 1 , X 2  0 1 1 , X 3  4 7 1 .

T T T

28.  3   2  4  4  0;   1, 2, 2; X1   2 0 1 , X 2  1 1 1 , X 3  1 3 1 .

T T T

29.  3  16 2  68  80  0;   2, 4, 10; X1  1 2 4 , X 2  1 4 16 , X 3  1 10 100 .

T T T

30.  3  25 2  50  1000  0;   5, 10, 20; X1  1 2 4 , X 2  1 2 1 , X 3  2 1 2 .

T T T

31.  3  10 2  8  64  0;   2, 4, 8; X1  1 0 3 , X 2  1 2 3 , X 3  1 0 1 .

T T T

32.  3  6 2  11  6  0;   1, 2, 3; X1  1 0 1 , X 2   20 1 15 , X 3  10 1 6 .

T T T

33.  3  3  2  0;   2, 1, 1; X1   2 2 1 , X 2  1 1 0 , X 3  1 0 3

T T T

34.  3  2 2    0;   0, 1, 1; X1   2 1 2 , X 2  1 2 3 , X 3  2 2 3
T T T

35.  3  9 2  15  7  0;   7, 1, 1; X1  1 2 3 , X 2  0 1 1 , X 3  1 0 1

T T T

36.  3  7 2  11  5  0;   5, 1, 1; X1  1 1 1 , X 2  2 1 0 , X 3  1 0 1

T T T

16
37.  3   2  21  45  0;   5, 3, 3; X1  1 2 1 , X 2   2 1 0 , X 3  3 0 1
T T T

38.  3  5 2  7  3  0;   3, 1, 1; X1  1 1 0 , X 2  1 1 0 , X 3  0 0 1
T T T

39.  3   2  5  3  0;   3, 1, 1; X1  1 1 2 , X 2  1 1 1 , X 3  0 1 1

T T T

40.  3   2    1  0;   1, 1, 1; X1  0 1 1 , X 2  0 1 1 , X 3  1 0 0
T T T

41.  3  3 2  90  216  0;   3, 6, 12; X1  1 1 1 , X 2   1 0 1 , X 3  1 2 1

T T T

42.  3  8 2  4  48  0;   2, 4, 6; X1  0 1 0 , X 2  1 0 1 , X 3  1 0 1

T T T

43.  3  11 2  144  324  0;   2, 9, 18; X1  1 1 0 , X 2  2 2 1 , X 3  1 1 4

T T T

44.  3  18 2  99  162  0;   3, 6, 9; X1  1 2 2 , X 2   2 2 1 , X 3  2 1 2

T T T

45.  3  9 2  9  81  0;   3, 3, 9; X1  0 1 1 , X 2  1 1 1 , X 3   2 1 1

T T T

46.  3  18 2  45  0;   0, 3, 15; X1  1 2 2 , X 2  2 1 2 , X 3  2 2 1

T T T

47.  3  11 2  36  36  0;   2, 3, 6; X1   1 0 1 , X 2  1 1 1 , X 3  1 2 1

T T T

48.  3  5 2  4  0;   0, 1, 4; X1  1 1 0 , X 2  0 0 1 , X 3  1 1 0
T T T

49.  3  18 2  104  192  0;   4, 8, 6; X1  1 0 0 , X 2  0 1 0 , X 3  0 0 1

T T T

50.  3  9 2  9  81  0;   3, 3, 9; X1   2 2 1 , X 2   2 1 2 , X 3   1 2 2

T T T

51.  3  6 2  11  6  0;   1, 2, 3; X1  1 0 1 , X 2  0 1 0 , X 3  1 0 1

T T T

52.  3  22 2  144  288  0;   4, 6, 12; X1  1 1 0 , X 2  1 1 1 , X 3  1 1 2

T T T

53.  3  10 2  27  18  0;   1, 3, 6; X1  1 1 0 , X 2  1 1 2 , X 3  1 1 1 .

T T T

54.  3  3  2  0;   2, 1, 1; X1  1 1 1 , X 2   1 1 0 , X 3  1 1 2

T T T

55.  3  14 2  0;   14, 0, 0; X1  1 2 3 , X 2   2 1 0 , X 3  3 6 5

T T T

56.  3  12 2  36  32  0;   8, 2, 2; X1  2 1 1 , X 2  0 1 1 , X 3  1 1 1

T T T

57.  3  24 2  180  432  0;   12, 6, 6; X1  1 2 1 , X 2  1 0 1 , X 3  1 1 1

T T T

58.  3  6 2  9  4  0;   4, 1, 1; X1  1 1 1 , X 2  1 1 0 , X 3   1 1 2
T T T

59.  3  7 2  15  9  0;   1, 3, 3; X1  1 0 1 , X 2  1 1 1 , X 3  1 2 1

T T T

60.  3  12 2  45  54  0;   6, 3, 3; X1  1 1 1 , X 2  1 1 0 , X 3   1 1 2

T T T

61.  3  9 2  24  16  0;   1, 4, 4; X1   1 1 1 , X 2  0 1 1 , X 3  2 1 1

T T T

62.  3  3 2  9  5  0;   5, 1, 1; X1  1 1 1 , X 2  1 1 0 , X 3  1 1 2

T T T

17
63.  3  6 2  9  0;   0, 3, 3; X1   1 1 1 , X 2  1 1 0 , X 3  1 1 2
T T T

64.  3  3 2  0;   3, 0, 0; X1  1 1 1 , X 2  1 0 1 , X 3   1 1 0
T T T

65.  3  9 2  24  20  0;   5, 2, 2; X1  1 1 1 , X 2  1 1 0 , X 3   1 0 1
T T T

66.  3  5 2  57  99  0;   11, 3, 3 X1  1 2 3 , X 2   2 1 0 , X 3  3 0 1

T T T

67.  3  5 2  8  4  0;   1, 2, 2; X1  1 1 1 , X 2   2 1 0
T T

68.  3  5 2  8  4  0;   1, 2, 2; X1   4 1 3 , X 2  3 1 2

T T

69.  3  7 2  16  12  0;   3, 2, 2; X1  1 1 2 , X 2  5 2 5

T T

70.  3  5 2  8  4  0;   1, 2, 2; X1  1 1 1 , X 2   2 1 0
T T

71.  3  5 2  8  4  0;   1, 2, 2; X1  1 0 0 , X 2   2 1 0
T T

72.  3  3 2  3  1  0;   1, 1, 1; X1  1 1 1
T

73.  3  3 2  3  1  0;   1, 1, 1; X1   3 1 1
T

74.  3  6 2  12  8  0;   2, 2, 2; X1  1 0 0 Spectrum of A is 1, 2, 3 .

T
79.

Diagonalization of Matrices:
XII. Reduce the following matrices to its Diagonal form.
 1 2 2 
 19 7  1 2 1
1.  42 16  2.  
   1 1 0 

 1 2  3 2 0  12 3 2 0
   
3. If A    3 2 12 0  and P   3 2 1 2 0  , then show that PAP 1 is
 0 0 0   0 0 0 
   
diagonal matrix.
Answer:
 5 0 
1.   5, 2; D   .
 0 2
1 5 1 5  1 1 0 0 
   
2.   1, 5,  5; P  0 1 1  , D  0 5 0 .
1 1 1  0  5 
  0

Note: The entire square matrix whose Eigen vectors are linearly independent can be reduced to their
Diagonal Form.

18
Cayley Hamilton Theorem:
XIII. State Caley Hamilton Theorem and verify it for the following matrices and also find A1 if exists.
 2 1 1  1 3 7  8 8 2 
1.  1 2 1 2. 4 2 3 3.  4 3 2 
     
 1 1 2   1 2 1   3 4 1 

1 0 1  1 0 2  1 2 0 
4. 0 1 0  5. 0 2 1  6.  2 1 0 
     
 0 0 1   2 0 3   0 0 1

 1 0 2  0 1 2  2 2 0
7. 2 2 4  8. 1 2 3  9. 2 1 1
     
 0 0 2   3 1 1   7 2 3

 1 0 1  1 2 2  2 1 1
10. 1 2 1 11.  0 2 1 12. 1 2 1
     
 1 2 2   1 2 2   0 0 1

 1 1 2  0 1 0   2 1 1 
13.  1 2 1  14. 0 0 1  15. 1 2 1
     
 0 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 

1 2 2  1 1 0  3 1 4
16. 2 1 2 17. 0 0 1  18. 0 2 6 
     
 2 2 1   2 1 1  0 0 5 

 2 2 3  1 0 4   4 5 5 
19.  2 1 6  20. 0 5 4 21.  5 6 5 
     
 1 2 0   4 4 3   5 5 6 

1 2 4 1 1 3
22.  1 0 3  23. 1 3 3
  
 3 1 2   2 4 4 

 1 2 2 
24. Verify Cayley Hamilton Theorem for A   1 3 0  and use it to find A1 and A4 .
 0 2 1 

1 4 
25. Find characteristic equation for A    and use it to find the simplified expression
2 3
for A5  5 A4  6 A3  2 A2  4 A  7 I .

19
 2 1 1
26. Verify Cayley Hamilton Theorem for A   0 1 0  and use it to find the matrix
 1 1 2 

(a) A8  7 A7  7 A6  3 A5  A4  5 A3  8 A2  2 A  I (b) A4  5 A3  8 A2 .

1 2 2 
27. Verify Caley Hamilton Theorem for the matrix A   2 1 2  and simplify the
 2 2 1 

expression A5  3 A4  8 A3  7 A2  10 A  4 I , and obtain the corresponding matrix.

28. Use Caley Hamilton theorem to evaluate A4  3 A3  10 A2  10 A for the matrix
0 1 2 
A  1 2 3 
 3 1 1 

29. Find A1 , A2 , A3 for the following matrices:

1 1 2 
1 2 
(i) A  (ii) A   3 1 1 
1 1   2 3 1 

Answer:
 3 1 1
A  6 A  9 A  4 I  0; A   1 3 1  .
3 2 1 1
1.
4
 1 1 3 

 4 11 5 
1 
2. A  4 A  20 A  35I  0; A 
3 2
1 6 25  .
1

35 
 6 1 10 

 11 16 10 
A  6 A  11A  6 I  0; A   10 14 8  .
3 2 1 1
3.
6
 7 8 8 

1 0 1
4. A  3 A  3 A  I  0; A  0 1 0  .
3 2 1

0 0 1 

 6 0 4 
A3  6 A2  7 A  2 I  0; A 1   2 1 1  .
1
5.
2
 4 0 2 

20
 1 2 0 
A  A  5 A  5I  0; A   2 1 0  .
3 2 1 1
6.
5
 0 0 5

4 0 4
A  5 A  8 A  4 I  0; A   4 2 8 .
3 2 1
1
7.
4
 0 0 2 

 1 1 1 
A3  3 A2  8 A  2 I  0; A 1   8 6 2  .
1
8.
2
 5 3 1 

 5 6 2 
1 
9. 3 2 1
A  13 A  12 I  0; A   1 6 2  .
12
 11 18 2 

 4 2 2 
1
10. A  6 A  11A  6 I  0; A 
3 2
1 5 2  .
1

6
 2 2 2 

 2 0 2 
1
11. A  5 A  7 A  3I  0; A 
3 2 1
 1 4 1 .
4
 2 4 2 

 2 1 1
1
12. A  5 A  7 A  3I  0; A 
3 2 1
 1 2 1 .
3
 0 0 3 

3 1 5
1
13. A  2 A  A  2 I  0; A 
3 2
1 1 1 .
1

2
1 1 3

 3 3 1 
 1
14. A  3 A  3 A  I  0; A  1 0 0 .
3 2 
 
0 1 0 

 3 1 1
1
15. A  6 A  11A  6 I  0; A 
3 2
 3 3 3  .
1

6
 3 1 5 

 3 2 2 
1
16. A  3 A  9 A  5 I  0; A 
3 2 1
2 3 2  .
5
 2 2 3

21
  1 1 1 
17. A  2 A  I  0; A   2 1 1 .
3 1
 
 0 1 0 

10 5 2 
1 
18. A  10 A  31A  30 I  0; A 
3 2
 0 15 18  .
1

30
 0 0 6 

 12 6 9 
19. A3  A2  21A  45I  0; A 1 
1  6 3 18 .
45 
 3 6 6 

 1 16 20 
1 
20. A  9 A  9 A  81I  0; A 
3 2
 16 13 4  .
1

81
 20 4 5 

11 5 5
1
21. A  8 A  13 A  6 I  0; A 
3 2
5 1 5 .
1

6
 5 5 1 

 3 8 6
1
22. A  A  15 A  7 I  0; A 
3 2
 7 14 7  .
1

7
 1 5 2 

 24 8 12 
1
23. A  20 A  8 I  0; A 
3
 10 2 6  .
1

8
 2 2 2 

3 2 6  55 104 24 
24. A  5 A  9 A  I  0; A  1 1 2 ; A   20 15 32  .
3 2  
1 4
   
 2 2 5   32 40 23

1861 3676 
25. A2  4 A  5 I  0; 919 A  942 I   .
1838 3699 

8 5 5 
3 2 
26. A  5 A  7 A  3I  0; A  A  I  0 3 0
2 
 
5 5 8 

 1 2  3 4   7 10 
27. (i) A2  2 A  I  0; A1    ; A2    ; A3   .
1 1  2 3   5 7 

 2 5 1  
1 
1 2 1 ;
(ii) A  3 A  7 A  11  0; A   1 3 5  ; A  
3 2

11 11
 7 1 2   

22
  8 24 29 
1 
3
A   40 1 24  .
121
 27 40 8 

Matrix Transformation - Scaling, Translation and Rotation:

XIV. Solve the following problems:
1. Coordinates of a point P are  50, 50, 50  . Origin is shifted to the point  5, 2, 3 .

Rotation is about z  axis through 450 . Find the coordinates of P in new coordinate system.

2. Centre of the arc of the circle is 10, 10, 10  in a given coordinate system. Origin is shifted

to the point  2, 0, 0  along with coordinate axes and then rotation is carried about

x  axis through 600 . Find the coordinates of the centre in new coordinate system.

3. Centre of the arc of the circle is 10, 10, 10  . Origin is  0, 0, 0  , rotation is about

through 600 . Find the centre of arc of the circle in new coordinate system.

4. Centre of the arc of the circle is 10, 10, 10  in a given coordinate system. Origin is

 0, 0, 0  and then rotation is carried about x  axis through 600 . Find the coordinate of

centre of in new coordinate system.

5. Centre of the arc of the circle is 100, 100, 100  in a given coordinate system. Origin is

shifted to the point  10, 5, 2  . Rotation is carried about y  axis through angle of 300 .

Find the centre of arc of the circle in new coordinate system.

Answer:
1.  65.71, 2, 47  2. 8, 5, 8.66  3. 10, 13.66, 3.66 

4. 10, 5, 8.66  5.  46.66, 105, 134.66  .

23
 Assignment No. - 01
(Matrices)
Q.1. Reduce the following matrices to its normal form and hence find its rank:
 0 1 2 2 
4 0 2 6 
 
 2 1 3 1 

Q.2. Test for consistency and if consistent, solve the following system of equations:
2 x  y  z  2; x  2 y  z  2; 4 x  7 y  5z  2

Q.3. Show that the system of equations, 3 x  4 y  5 z  a; 4 x  5 y  6 z  b; 5 x  6 y  7 z  c will be

consistent only if a  c  2b .
Q.4. Investigate the values of  and  so that the equations: 2 x  3 y  5 z  9; 7 x  3 y  2 z  8;
2 x  3 y   z   have
(i) no solution (ii) a unique solution (iii) an infinite number of solutions.
Q.5. Show that the equations, ax  by  cz  0; bx  cy  az  0; cx  ay  bz  0 has a nontrivial
solutions only if a  b  c  0 or a  b  c .
Q.6. Test the following vectors for linearly dependent or Independent and find a relation among them
if dependent:
(a) (2, 3, 4,  2), (1,  2,  2, 1), (1, 1, 2,  1).

(b) (1,  1, 0)T , (0, 1,  1)T , (0, 0, 1)T .

Q.7. Show that the transformation y1  2 x1  x2  x3 ; y2  x1  x2  x3 ; y3  x1  2 x3 is regular. Write

down the inverse transformation.
 0 2b c 
Q.8. Determine the value of a, b, c when the matrix  a b c  is orthogonal:
 a b c 

Q.9. Find the Eigen values and Eigen vector corresponding to highest Eigen value of the following
matrices:
4 6 6  8 6 2   2 4 6 
(a) 1 3 2 (b)  6 7 4  (c)  4 2 6 
     
 1 4 3  2 4 3   6 6 15

Q.10. State Cayley Hamilton Theorem and verify it for the following matrices and also find A1 if
2 2 1
exists.  1 2 0  .
 3 1 2 

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