07/12/2019

GIZI KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DI WILAYAH PESISIR

FOOD SAFETY IN
COASTAL AREA
Oleh: Dina R. P., STP, M.Gizi
Bagian Gizi Kesehatan Masyarakat FKM UNDIP

?
Bagaimanakah kondisi
food safety di pesisir
Pantai Utara Pulau Jawa??

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JALUR PANTAI UTARA PULAU JAWA

Climate Trends

1. Warmer Temperature
2. Changing Precipitation Patterns
3. Rising Sea Level

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Warmer Temperature
Even slight rise means:

more heat waves

Impacts:
– Young and old
– Those with respiratory/other chronic
diseases
– Pregnant women
– Those working outdoors

poor air quality

Smog

Dust

Fire – fine particles

Pollen

Changing Precipitation Patterns

More concentrated
precipitation

More flooding,
mudslides, erosion

Psychological stress

Contaminated food and
water

Barriers to health
services & medications

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Rising Sea Level

• Tidal (Rob)
• Contaminated
ground water
• Poor sanitation
• Diseases

Sub Topik

Definisi Ruang Lingkup Food Safety di

Food Safety Food Safety wilayah pesisir

Perubahan iklim memberi peran dalam situasi keamanan pangan di daerah pesisir

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Definisi Food Safety

KONSEP KEAMANAN PANGAN

KEAMANAN PANGAN
(FOOD SAFETY)
Kondisi dan upaya yang diperlukan untuk mencegah
pangan dari kemungkinan cemaran biologis, kimia
dan benda lain yang dapat mengganggu, merugikan
dan membahayakan kesehatan manusia

(UU ttg Pangan/ UU RI No.mor 7 Tahun 1996, Bab I Pasal 1)

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Ruang Lingkup Food Safety

Jenis kontaminan, penyebab dan dampak bagi kesehatan

Ruang Lingkup KEAMANAN PANGAN

• Contaminants which contributed to the safety

of food:
– Physics contaminants: small materials (part of
dead animal bodies, stone, etc)
– Biology/microbiology contaminants
– Chemical contaminants

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The interactions between climate change and

variability and food contamination, food safety
and foodborne diseases are very complex since
there are many associated uncertainties.

Microbiological food
contamination and associated
foodborne diseases

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• Climate related changes may impact all three

elements of the epidemiologic triad (host,
agent, and environment).
• Climatic factors can affect :
– the sources and modes of transmission and
– the growth and survival of pathogens in the
environment and the microbial ecology and
– the food matrix, among others

• Climate factors and diarrhoeal syndromes

– Diarrhoeal disease is one of the most important causes of ill–
health in the world and is climate sensitive, showing strong
seasonal variations.
• Associations between climate-related extreme weather
events and monthly reports of outbreaks of infectious
water-borne disease also have been reported worldwide.
• Affect of flood events especially in populations with poor
sanitation infrastructure and high burdens of infectious
disease often experience increased rates of diarrhoeal
diseases such as cholera, cryptosporidiosis and typhoid
fever
• Increases in waterborne and foodborne diarrhoeal disease
have been reported in India, Brazil, Bangladesh,
Mozambique, and USA, following flooding episodes

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• Three major routes of viral contamination of

foods have been identified:
– human sewage and faeces;
– infected food handlers;
– and animals for zoonotic viruses (FAO/WHO,
2008)

Bacterial contaminants and foodborne diseases

• All foodborne pathogens and their associated

diseases are potentially affected by climate
change, example: Salmonellosis
• Higher temperatures, sea level elevation,
heavy precipitation, flooding and changes in
water salinity may all have an impact on water
microflora including aquatic human pathogens
such as the pathogenic Vibrio spp.

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• Global warming and increased temperature

may affect the transmission cycle of
trematodes.
• Foodborne trematodes are transmitted by the
consumption of raw or undercooked
freshwater fish, crabs, crayfish and plants and
may affect aquaculture products.
• About 70 species of foodborne trematodes
are knownto infect humans.

Mycotoxins and food safety

• Direct human dietary exposure to mycotoxins occurs

through consumption of contaminated crops.
• Mycotoxins can also reach the human food supply
indirectly through animal products (e.g. milk) from
livestock that have consumed contaminated feed
• Particular mycotoxins may possess carcinogenic,
cytotoxic, immunosuppressive, neurotoxic, estrogenic
or teratogenic activity, some more than one of these.
Characteristically, the various mycotoxins attack
specific target organs

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TOKSIN JENIS KAPANG B.P. YG AKIBAT

TERKENA
Aflatoksin Aspergillus flavus Kcg tnh, biji- Keracunan
A. parasiticus bijian, minyak hati, kanker
dri bijian hati
Okratoksin A. ochraceus Serealia Racun dan
A. nidulans, knker hati pd
A. versicolor tikus

Zearalenon Gibberellazeae Jagung hyperesteroge

nism

Another Chemical Contaminants…

• Over dosis antibiotik pada produk perikanan

– Mengakibatkan munculnya bakteri antibiotic
resistant
adaptable bacteria, contoh:
Salmonella
• Penggunaan formalin pada produk pangan
perikanan, contoh: ikan asin

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Another Chemical Contaminants…

• Wilayah Pantai Utara Pulau Jawa merupakan

jalur perdagangan yg dilalui oleh kendaraan
penghasil sisa emisi bahan bakar

Karbondioksida dan Timbal
• Pertanian di low land area
Bawang merah
– Brebes sbg kota penghasil bawang merah
– Penggunaan overdosis pestisida
• Kombinasi keduanya
paparan Timbal (Pb)

Another Chemical Contaminants…

KADAR TIMBAL (ppm)

• Sayuran di Brebes dan Kab. Tegal 0,41- 5,71
• Kangkung dan Bayam di Bogor Kangkung : <0,01- 3,12
Bayam : <0,01- 3,38
• Sayuran yang dijual di pinggir jalan raya 28,78
• Air laut di Ancol 0,55
• Air laut di Dumai 1,8
• Jajanan di pinggir jalan raya 2,42- 4,36
• Catatan :
– Batas aman timbal untuk bahan pangan dan makanan : 2
ppm (WHO)
– Batas aman timbal di air laut : 0,008 ppm (WHO)

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NEW CASE IN COASTAL AREA

• MICROPLASTIC

Topik tugas kelompok:

1. Pencemaran mikrobiologis produk perikanan di wilayah

pesisir
2. Pencemaran kimia (residu antibiotik) produk perikanan di
wilayah pesisir
3. Pencemaran kimia (formalin) produk perikanan di wilayah
pesisir
4. Pencemaran mikroplastik di perairan terhadap produk
perikanan
5. Pencemaran residu pestisida pada produk pangan hasil
pertanian bawang merah di wilayah pantura Jateng
6. Pencemaran timbal pada produk pangan di wilayah pantura
Jateng
7. Keamanan pangan di wilayah rob Semarang

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TUGAS KELOMPOK

» Mencari artikel penelitian dari

jurnal nasional dan internasional
sesuai dg topik yg telah
ditentukan
» Buatlah review artikel tersebut,
meliputi:
» Masalah keamanan pangan
» Penyebab
» Dampak terhadap kesehatan

» Berilah alternatif solusi untuk

mengatasi masalah tersebut
» Tugas dalam bentuk paper dan
powerpoint
» Dipresentasikan pd tatap muka
berikutnya

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