English Book for Postgraduate Studies

UNIDAD DE IDIOMAS
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL
“PEDRO RUIZ GALLO”
ESCUELA DE POST GRADO
English Book for

Postgraduate
Studies
NEW OPPORTUNITIES…. NEW CHALLENGES…
0
English Book for Postgraduate Studies
Module
1:
Describ
e and
Compar
e
People,
Objects
and
Places.
1
Module 1: Describe and Compare People, Objects and Places.

1.1 Introducing People.
1. Listen and read the dialogues (A-C). Match them to the headings with the
dialogues.
Sally: Hi, Bill. How’s it going? B
A Bill: Not bad. And you?
Steve: Hi! I’m Steve. Sally: I’m fine. This is my friend
Stella: Hi, Steve. I’m Stella. Nicky. Nicky, this is Bill
Steve: Nice to meet you, Stella. Bill: Hello, Nicky. Nice to meet you.
Stella: Nice to meet you, too. Nicky:Hi, Bill. Nice to meet you, too.
C
Lyn: Goodbye, Tony.
Tony: Bye Lyn. See you later.
Lyn: See you!
Greet & introduce yourself Say goodbye Greet & introduce others
2. Take roles and read the dialogues aloud.

3. Listen and circle the correct responses.
1. a. Not bad.
b. Nice to meet you. 4. a. Good morning.
2. a. See you later. b. Bye, Sally.
b. So-so. 5. a. I’m Kathy.
3. a. I’m fine, thanks. b. Fine, thanks.
b. It’s a pleasure to meet you.
4. Speaking: Look at the pictures. Use the expressions to act out short exchanges.
Respond
Greet people Great.
Hi! How are you? Introduce
I’m fine. (Thanks). yourself
How’s everything? I’m OK.
How’s it going? Hi! I’m….
Not bad. Hello! I’m….
So-so.
Respond
Nice to meet you.
It’s a pleasure to
meet you.
2
Say goodbye
Goodbye.
Bye.
See you.
See you later / tomorrow.
Take care.
5. What information is on most business cards? Label the business card with the
words in the box.
qualificationsaddressfirst name surname
company name job title
1 2
Technological Solutions
Franklin Terán, BSc. Eng.
General Manager 4
5
SoltiSac
6 594 San Jose Street
Chiclayo-Peru
Mobile phone: 979101354
Email: f.solti_peru@gmail.com
6. Read the business cards in different countries. Complete the information with
the countries in the box. Switzerland MexicoChinathe UK
1
2
3
A, PhD) are important in
Titles (for example Dr, MB
professional titles and
______________. Write
ss card.
qualifications on your busine
4
3
7. Reading: Read the article and find the following.

a) Gaston Acurio’s nationality ___________________
b) Two of his chefs are ___________________ and ___________________
c) Countries in South America ______________________________________
d) Countries in Europe ____________________________________________
e) TV programs ___________________ and ___________________
Business and food

THE ADVENT OF PERUVIAN CUISINE.
Today, more and more people travel in their job. Gaston Acurio is a Peruvian businessman
and entrepreneur. He travels to different countries for his work and businesses. He and his
wife are the head of Peruvian Restaurants around the world. He has 40 restaurants in 11
countries. He spends more than the 40 per cent of his time in Peru. He is also the head of his
TV programs such as Aventura Culinaria and Anticucho con corazón. He spends 35 per cent
of his time in Europe (London and Madrid). He spends 25 per cent of his time in other
countries, such as Argentina, Brazil, Chile, the USA, Panamá, and Ecuador and some
important cities San Francisco, Bogotá and Miami.
Some employees travel to different countries to work on projects. They leave their homes to
work in his international restaurants. For example: Some of his chefs like Victoriano Lopez,
or the talented Diego Oka. Gaston Acurio has a different idea, he says “We are a movement
and in a movement when you raise your hand everybody comes to help you. We do not
compete, we share, and everybody is growing up there.”
But is the increase in business cuisine a good thing? Cuisine had not been, in my mind, an
obvious development opportunity for Peru. Yet, the country has become a renowned world
leader, along with traditional European players like France, Italy and Belgium.
Peruvian cuisine gained international acclaim toward the end of the 20th century, gaining
momentum in the 2000s: on September 10, 2011, Katy McLaughlin wrote an article titled
“The Next Big Thing: Peruvian Food,” in the Wall Street Journal. The following year,
tourist-ranking specialist World Travel Awards elected Peru as “World’s Leading Culinary
Destination 2012.” Gastón Acurio is at the forefront of this evolution.
Peruvian cuisine combines local ingredients with native Quechua, colonial Spanish,
immigrant West African, Japanese, Chinese, Italian and other cooking traditions.
8. Read the article again. Are these statements true or false?

a) Gaston Acurio is a politician.
b) He has fourteen restaurants around the world.
c) The restaurants are in eleven countries.
d) All of the employees are local.
e) Peruvian cuisine isn’t a development opportunity.
f) Peru is a new culinary destination.
4
9. Complete the conversation with your personal information.

A: Hello. I’m ________________ [your name]. I’m from _____________________
[your country]. I’m with _____________________ [your company].
OR
I’m a student at _____________________ [your school, university].
B: Nice to meet you.
10. Answer the question with the appropriate city, country and nationality.
Where are the Mariachis from? Where’s the Christ Redeemer from?
They’re from_______________. It’s from_______________.
They’re ______________ It’s ______________
Guadalajara
Rio de Janeiro
Where’s Trisha from?

Where’s the Statue of Liberty from?
She’s from_______________.
It’s from_______________.
She’s ______________
It’s ______________
New Delhi
New York
Where’s Mei from?
Where’s Miyoshi from?
She’s from_______________.
He’s from_______________.
She’s ______________
He’s ______________
Osaka Beijing
Where’s Duncan from? Where’s Estela from?

He’s from_______________. She’s from_______________.
He’s ______________ She’s ______________
Andalucia
Edinburgh
Where are the Matriokas from?
Where’s Sophie from?
They’re from_______________.
She’s from_______________.
They’re ______________
She’s ______________
Moscow
Amsterdam
11. Talk about the nationalities of these companies. Let’s talk other companies
you know.
Michelin – Lufthansa – Toyota – Nestle – Samsung – L’Oreal – Santander – Gloria.
5
Verb to Be
Study the examples and complete the sentences in the table.
a. Please tickets are not expensive.
b. He is the head of Soltiperu.
c. It is not easy to find her house.
d. Is the increase in business cuisine a good thing?
e. They are in a postgraduate course now.
to be
Positive Negative Question Short answer
I am (I’m) I am not (I’m not) Am I? Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
You are (You’re) You are not Are you? Yes, you are. / No, you aren’t
He/She/It 1_______ (You aren’t) 5
_______ he/she/it? Yes, he/she/it is. / No, he/she/it
(He’s/She’s/It’s) He/She/It 3_______ isn’t.
We are (We’re) (isn’t) Yes, we are. / No, we aren’t.
They 2_______ We 4_______ (aren’t) Are we? Yes, they are. / No, they
(They’re) They are not Are they? aren’t.
(They aren’t)
12. Complete the conversation with correct form of to be.

1. _________you Nataly Diaz?
2. No, I’_________ Nataly Calderon.
3. Ah, yes, you’_________ with Santander Bank
4. Yes, I’_________ a marketing manager at Santander.
5. _________ Mauricio Guerrero with your company?
6. No, he _________. He’_________ with GNV Bank.
7. Frank and I _________ with Azteca Bank. We’ _________ accountants.
8. _________ Azteca Bank a Chilean company?
9. No, it _________. It’_________ a Mexican one.
13. Correct the mistakes in these sentences.

1. Are Marco a nurse?
2. Jack am an architect.
3. Kim and Lily is from Nigeria.
4. Are Anthony a mechanic?
5. We are designers. We repair computers.
6. Rosa’s isn’t a receptionist. She’s a teacher.
6
14. Listen and answer the questions.

a. What’s Mr. Shaw’s name? _________________________________
b. Is John Devlin with Karlsco? _________________________________
c. Is Karlsco an American company? _________________________________
d. Where’s Karlsco from? _________________________________
e. Is Rob with Retcorp? _________________________________
f. What’s John’s job? _________________________________
The article: A / An
We often use a/an with singular nouns. Study the examples and complete the rules
below.
a. I’m a street vendor. c. Rose is an engineer.
b. Is it a university? d. Is it an MP3 player?
1. We use _______ before words that start with a consonant sound.

2. We use _______ before words that start with a vowel sound.
Jobs
Accountant designer architect lawyer receptionist teacher
mechanic salesperson
15. Complete the sentences with jobs from the box above. Use “a”/“an” where
necessary.
1. Laura is ___________________ - she helps people with legal problems.
2. Marco is ___________________ - he builds offices.
3. Stella is ___________________ - she's good with cars.
4. I’m ___________________ - I work with money.
5. Jorge and Kevin are ___________________ - they give lessons at the college.
6. Silvia is___________________- she's good at art.
7. Ronaldo and I work at Saga Falabella - we're___________________.
8. Helen is___________________- she welcomes visitors to the company.
16. Correct the mistakes.
a. Is Frank an manager? d. Susan is a intelligent girl.
b. Are they working in a office? e. We are a accountants.
c. Pablo has a old car. f. It isn’t a umbrella.
7
17. Listen to three conversations. Are these statements true or false?

Conversation 1 Conversation 2
1. Petr is from Japan. 5. Francesca isn't Brazilian.
2. Petr is an engineer. 6. She's an engineer.
3. Hiroaki is from Saudi Arabia.
4. Hiroaki is an office assistant. Conversation 3
7. They're teachers.
8. They're from Moscow.
18. Speaking: Let’s talk about a colleague or friend who is in your same field.
19. Listen to the conversation. Is this Jan's first or second meeting with Ben?
20. Complete the phrases 1-3. Match them with the functions a-c.
1. Can you s__________ that, please? a check how to write a word
2. S__________? b say information is correct
3. T__________ right. c ask someone to repeat
21. Listen to the conversation between a man and a woman and complete the
form.
First name: _____________________ Surname: _____________________

Place of origin: _____________________ Company’s name: _____________________
Reason: _____________________
22. Writing: Write sentences about these people.

123. 2 3
Maximo San Roman

Susan Hill Emma and Mark
Country: Peru
Country: Canada Country: Ireland
City: Quispicanchis- Cuzco
City: Toronto City: Belfast
Engineering National University
University of Toronto Dublin City University
Mechanical Engineer
IT engineer Designers
a. _________________________________________________________
b. _________________________________________________________
c. _________________________________________________________
8
24. Felipe Diaz has a business contacts magazine. Write an email (20 – 30 words)
to Felipe with information about you (your name, nationality and what you
do).
9
25. Question words: study the examples.
26. Fill in the blanks with the question words. A: Good morning. Please have a seat.
B: Good morning. Thanks
A:1) _______________________’s your full name?
B: Jennifer Lopez.
A:2) _______________________are you from, Jennifer?
B: Bogotá, Colombia.
A: 3) _______________________ do you do?
B: I’m a nurse.
A: 4) _______________________’s your address?
B: 34 Brad Street.
A: 5) _______________________’s your phone number?
B: (407) 333-6987.
A: 6) _______________________old are you?
B: I’m 35.
A: 7) _______________________days can you work?
B: Saturdays and Sundays.
A: 8) _______________________can you start?
B: This Saturday.
A: OK. Come in at 8:30.
Subject pronoun Possessive adjectives

27. Possessive Adjectives: Complete the chart I
Your
She
His
It
We
Their
28. Complete the sentences with a possessive adjective.

1. She is a friend. _________name's 5. It's an Italian restaurant.
Susana. _________name is Luigi's.
2. He is my brother. _________name's 6. A: What's _________ phone number?
Michael. B: My mobile number?
3. We're students. _________teacher's 7. They're Mexican. _________surname's
name's Richard. Gómez.
4. I'm French. _________family is from
Lyon.
10
1.2 Describing People.

1. Physical appearance: Listen and Repeat
2. Hairstyle, colour and special features: read the tables.

Hairstyle: Short, long, shoulder-length, straight, curly, wavy, braids, a
bun, bangs, ponytail, cornrows, bald
Hair colour: Black, red, brown, blond(e), grey, white
Special features: Dimples, freckles, wrinkles, scar, a mole, glasses, pierced ears.
3. Fill in: plump, average, round, double, bald, full, build, moustache, glasses, thin,
big, grey. Then read the final version of each paragraph.
A Max – 68 – 1.85 m – 60 Kg
Max is in his late sixties. He is tall and
thin, with wavy 1) __________ hair, small
blue eyes and quite a 2) _____________
nose. He has got wrinkles and a grey 3)
___________. He wears 4) ___________.
B Jan – 35 – 1.64 m – 60 Kg
Jan is in her thirties. She’s of 1) __________
height and medium 2) __________. She’s
got straight dark hair, a round face, almond-
shaped eyes, 3) _____________ eyebrows
C Eddie – 41 – 1.51 m – 96 Kg
and 4) ___________ lips.
Eddie is in his early forties. He’s short and 1)
_________. He’s got a(n) 2) _____________
face with forehead and thick, arched
eyebrows and a 3) ___________ chin. He is
going 4) ___________.
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4. Listen and write each person’s name, then describe each person.
5. Read the article. Which paragraph is about Maria’s feelings towards

Cathy?
A Special Neighbour
By Maria Diaz
1
Cathy Rojas is my next-door neighbour and my best friend. She is from Quito.
Her father, Rafael, is a biologist and her mother, Lisa, is a professor. Cathy hasn’t
got any brothers or sisters. She’s an only child.
2
Cathy is very pretty. She’s nineteen years old, with wavy red hair and blue eyes.
She has got freckles, too.
3
Cathy is a wonderful person. She is clever and kind. Some of her friends call her
“Smiler” because she is always happy. Her favourite sport is swimming. She is
very good at it. Cathy has got a pet dog, too. His name is Charlie.
4
Cathy is a special neighbour to me. She is friendly and funny and we have lots of
fun together. She is a lovely girl and I am lucky that she is my next-door
neighbour.
6. Read the article and find an example for each of the following linking words.
a. and: __________________________________________________________
b. too: __________________________________________________________
c. because: ______________________________________________________
d. with: _________________________________________________________
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7. Character: Listen and Repeat
8. Match the character adjectives (1-10) to the descriptions (a-j). Then make
sentences, as in the example.
1 generous a. likes meeting people
2 honest b. understands what other people need
3 ambitious c. often behaves angrily
4 stubborn d. likes giving things to others
5 aggressive e. refuses to change his/her mind
6 reliable f. wants to be successful
7 sensitive g. always tells the truth
8 outgoing h. has good manners
9 greedy i. does what he/she promises to do
10 polite j. always wants more than he/she needs
1. My sister is generous. She likes giving things to others.

2. ______________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________________
6. ______________________________________________________________
7. ______________________________________________________________
8. ______________________________________________________________
9. ______________________________________________________________
10. ______________________________________________________________
13
9. Read the table. Then rewrite sentences using the appropriate linkers.
and, also, as well as but, although

To join similar qualities (either positive To join opposing qualities (one positive,
or both negatives), we can use and, as one negative), we use but, although, etc.
well as or also.
She is generous. She is honest. He is sociable. He can be shy at times.
She is generous and honest. He is sociable, but he can be shy at times.
She is generous as well as honest. Although he is sociable, he can be shy at
She’s generous. She’s also honest. times.
a. She is reliable. She can be forgetful at times.

______________________________________________________________
b. He is honest. He is generous.
______________________________________________________________
c. She is outgoing. She can be aggressive.
______________________________________________________________
d. She is hardworking. She can be noisy at times.
______________________________________________________________
e. She is lazy. She is greedy.
______________________________________________________________
10. Reading: Look at the photo of a pair of jeans. How old do you think they
are? Read the text quickly to find out.
$25,000 may sound Levi’s has its own museum
excessive for a tatty pair of and Lynn Downey, the
jeans, but the ones in this company historian, said: “I
picture are not ordinary pair knew this would be a
of Levi’s. They are said to be treasure that everyone in the
one of the two oldest pairs company would want us to
left. They are certainly the have, so Levi’s agreed to pay
most expensive! one of the highest sums ever
Discovered last year in an for a pair of old jeans.”
old coal mine in Colorado, Apart from a hole in the left
they went initially sold for pocket and frayed edges at
$10,000 and then sold on the bottom, the jeans are in
again at a higher price. Then remarkably good condition
Seth Weisser paid even more for their age. Ms. Downey
for them. Co-owner of a was able to date them by
store appropriately called their leather patch, which
“What Comes Around Goes was added in 1886, and the
Around”, he decided to single back pocket. A second the 1906 San Francisco
contact Levi’s in San pocket was added in 1902. earthquake and the first 50
Francisco. “I sent them She said: “Perhaps the most years of our history was
pictures of the jeans and they important reason why Levi’s destroyed.”
were delighted. They would bought these jeans is that the
have paid $40,000. I think.” company lost everything in
14
11. Now read these statements about the text and say whether they are true or
false.
a. There are no other jeans as old as these. _______
b. Seth Weisser paid $10,000 for the jeans. _______
c. Lynn Downey is an employee of Levi’s. _______
d. The jeans have fewer pockets than ones made after 1902. _______
e. The Levi’s company is more than 100 years old. _______
12. Which words in the text mean:
a. too much: _____________________________________________________
b. common: _____________________________________________________
c. suitably: ______________________________________________________
d. pleased: ______________________________________________________
e. worn: ________________________________________________________
f. extremely: ____________________________________________________
13. Order of Adjectives:
Word order: We order adjectives according to their meaning.
3.
1. 2. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Other NOUN
Opinion Size Age Colour Origin Material Type Purpose
qualities
GROUP EXAMPLES
1. Opinion (how good?) Wonderful, nice, great, terrible...
2. Size (how big?) small, large, long, tall, short, ...
3. Most other qualities Quiet, famous, important, soft, fast,
warm...
4. Age (how old?) Old, new, young...
5. Color Green, red, blond, dark, ...
6. Origin (where from?) China, England, ...
7. Material (what made of?) paper, wood, plastic, ...
8. Type (what kind of?) An electric kettle, road transport.
9. Purpose (what for?) A face towel, a bread knife.
Examples:
1. It is a big black cat. (Size, color)
2. I have some nice plastic souvenirs. (Opinion, material)
3. He has old brown shoes. (Age, color)
4. It is a wonderful new face cream. (Opinion, age, purpose)
15
5. I had a long boring boat journey. (Size, quality, type)

6. It is a beautiful wooden picture frame. (Opinion, material purpose)
Exercises:
1. Boots: They’re of leather. They’re small. _____________________________
2. Car: It’s big. It’s yellow. _____________________________
3. A vase: It’s made of glass. It’s lovely. It’s new. _________________________
4. This game is new. It’s for the family. It’s exciting.
________________________
5. This is a chocolate bar. It’s new. It’s a big bar.
___________________________
6. This phone is mobile. It’s Chinese. It’s very good.
________________________
7. A hat: It’s American. It’s white. It’s old. _____________________________
8. A track suit: modern/ blue / striped / clean
______________________________
9. A table: small/ coffee / plastic _____________________________
10. Seat: wooden/ expensive / garden _____________________________
11. A room: clean/ wide/ white/ for conferences ___________________________
12. A wallet: old/ dirty/ blue/ disgusting _____________________________
13. A child: sad/ short/ thin/ attractive _____________________________
14. A table: brown/ wooden/ good/ for the classroom _______________________
14. Comparatives and Superlatives: Study the examples and complete the rules
Comparatives:
a. Those jeans are nicer than these ones.
b. They leave because they want to have a happier life.
c. It is becoming more difficult for British people to emigrate.
d. Many want to find a better job.
1. To make a short adjective (one syllable) into the comparative, add _____ (or
r if the adjective ends in -e)
2. To make a short adjective ending in -y into the comparative, replace the y
with _____ and add _____.
3. To make a longer adjective (two or more syllables) into the comparative, put
the word ________ before the adjective.
4. A few adjectives are irregular, for example:
16
good → ______________, bad → ______________, far → further/farther,

little → ______________, many, much, a lot → ______________
5. To compare two things, use ______________ after the comparative.
15. Give the comparative of the adjectives in the comparative box. Then match
them with their opposite comparative below.
Big – warm – cheap – low – easy – popular - interesting
1. cooler: __________ 5. higher: __________

2. more boring: __________ 6. more expensive: __________
3. more difficult: __________ 7. more unpopular: __________
4. smaller: __________
16. Look at the information about the top five countries for British people to
emigrate to. Complete the sentences below using comparative adjectives from
exercise 16.
Country British people Average pay Average summer/winter Size (square
who moved there increase temperatures (degrees C) kilometers)
(2007) (2007)
1. Australi 4% 7.6 million
1.3 million 20/6 (Canberra)
a
2. Spain 700,000 4% 25/5 (Madrid) 500,000
3. USA 680,000 3.7% 25/1 (New York) 9.4 million
4. Canada 600,000 3.7% 21/-11(Toronto) 9.2 million
5. Ireland 290,000 4.5% 12/6 (Dublin) 70,000
1. In terms of size, Ireland is ____________ _____________ Spain.

2. Ireland had a _____________ pay increase _____________ Australia in
2007.
3. Canada is _____________ in summer _____________ the USA.
4. Spain is _____________ with British people _____________ the USA.
5. Spain is _____________ in summer _____________ Canada.
6. In terms of size, the USA is _____________ _____________ Australia.
7. Canada had a _____________ pay increase _____________ Spain in 2007.
8. The temperature in summer in Ireland is _____________ _____________ in
Spain.
17.Underline the four superlative forms in the text. Then circle all the
comparative forms. (Activity 10)
17
18. Superlatives : Listen to a telephone conversation between Mike and

Stavros and complete the sentences with the words and phrases in the box.
most comfortable – easiest – best – quickest - nearest
a. OK, what’s the ________________ way to the factory?

b. The ________________ way of getting here is a taxi from the airport.
c. It’s the ________________ hotel in Detroit.
d. It’s the ________________ to the factory as well.
e. The Metropole sounds like the ________________ opinion.
19. Study the examples a-e above and answer the questions.
1. How do we make superlatives with a. short b. longer adjectives?
2. Which article do we usually use before a superlative adjective?
3. What is the superlative of good, bad, little, far, many, much and a lot?
20. Reading: Read the article. Are the statements below true or false?
Friends and rivals
Two cities that are popular business centres
4
the world. They have large People who work in London
international airports. 2They complain about the price of
also have good property and also about
telecommunications, strong crowded roads, trains and
legal systems, skilled workers buses. New York is also busy
and famous financial and expensive. But financial
institutions (the Stock executives from different
Exchange in London and countries still want to work in
Wall Street in New York). London and New York. This
There are also things in both is because the Stock
cities for employees to do Exchange is the world’s most
after work – restaurants, international money market
1
New York and London are theatres, cinemas and and London is close to the rest
cities that are popular nightclubs. of Europe. 5Wall Street is the
locations for international 3
Many organisations open biggest money market in the
companies. They are good international offices in one of world and New York City is
business locations because these cities. For example, home to six of the world’s ten
they have many things that Nomura, a big Japanese bank, biggest investment firms.
organisations look for when employs about 1,400 people 6
London and New York are
they want to open a new in 12 other offices across competitors in the financial
office abroad. Both cities Europe. Of its 1,200 staff in market, but they have
have good transport the USA, 90 percent are in different strengths. Both
connections with the rest of New York.
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remain popular locations with

international organisations.
1. Many international companies have office in London and New York. _______
2. Nomura has a biggest workforce in New York than in London. _______
3. Houses and office buildings are cheap in London. _______
4. Financial executives don’t want to work in London. _______
5. Most of the World’s biggest investment firm are outside New York. _______
6. London and New York compete to be the best financial centre. _______
21. Read the information about two hotels, the Swan and the Henley. Use the
prompts to make comparative sentences about them.
The Henley The Swan

Built 2006 Built 1887
Number of rooms: 70 Number of rooms: 35
Price: £350 per night Price: £98 per night
One small conference room No conference rooms
Business menu: £25 per person Business menu: £15 per person
No children under 16 Children’s menu: £5 per child
Airport: 10 kilometres Play area and gardens
City centre: 2 kilometres Airport: 15 kilometres
City centre: 6 kilometres
1. The Swan / old / the Henley

____________________________________________________________
2. The Henley / big / the Swan
____________________________________________________________
3. The rooms / expensive / the Henley
____________________________________________________________
4. The business menu / cheap / the Swan
____________________________________________________________
5. The Swan / good / the Henley / for families with children
____________________________________________________________
6. The Swan / bad / the Henley / for conferences
____________________________________________________________
7. The Henley / near / the airport
19
____________________________________________________________
8. The Swan / far / from the city centre
____________________________________________________________
22. Complete the sentences with the superlative form of the adjective in
brackets.
1. This bridge is the ____________________ (long) in Asia.
2. Our workers are the ____________________ (happy) in Europe.
3. The products from our Spanish supplier are the ____________________ (good)
quality, but they are also the ____________________ (expensive).
4. It’s ____________________ (old) factory in town and it has the
____________________ (bad) production record.
23. A friend wrote a letter to a hotel to complain about a business trip. He wants
you to check it. In some of the sentences 1-8 there is one incorrect word. Put a
tick () next to the correct sentences and correct the mistake in the other
sentences.
Dear Mr Gill,
I am writing to complain about my visit to your hotel. I stayed in your
hotel last week on business.
biggest
I booked the bigger room in the hotel.
But when I arrived the receptionist give me a smaller room than I wanted.
There was a big television in my hotel room, but it didn’t work.
It was difficult to sleep because my room was next to noisiest road in the
city.
I usually stay at the Merlin hotel. It is cheaper the Continental,
but it is a better hotel.
At the Merlin Hotel the staff are professionaler and more polite.
The Continental is a more expensiver hotel but it is not the best.
Yours Sincerely,
Adam Baszar
20
24. Read the first exchange in the dialogue. Where is Peggy? Why is she there?
Peggy: Excuse me, How much is this sweater?
Clerk: The striped one? It’s $60.
25. Listen and read the dialogue.

Peggy: Excuse me, How much is this sweater?
Clerk: The striped one? It’s $60.
Peggy: Hum, that’s a little bit too expensive.
Clerk: How about this plain blue one?
Peggy: That’s nice. How much is it?
Clerk: It’s on sale. It’s only $25.
Peggy: Oh, that’s fine. Do you have it in a larger size? This is small.
Clerk: Yes, here you are. Would you like to try it on?
Peggy: No, thank you. It’s not for me. It’s for my friend. It’s her birthday today.
Clerk: OK. Would you like me to gift wrap it for you?
Peggy: Yes. Thank you.
26. Read the dialogue and complete the sentences. Use up to three words.
1. The striped sweater costs _____________________.
2. Peggy thinks the striped sweater is _____________________.
3. The plain blue sweater is _____________________ the striped one is.
4. Peggy wants a _____________________ size.
5. Peggy decides to buy the _____________________ sweater.
27. Read the theory. Then complete exchanges 1-5 with too/enough.
1. A: What do you think of this dress? Is it short?
B: No, not at all. I think it’s long ___________.
2. A: Why don’t you buy her a pair of earrings?
B: She has _________many earrings already.
3. A: How about this scarf? It’s only $10.
B: Why not? The color is nice and it’s cheap ___________.
4. A: Do you like these pants?
B: No, they are ____________ casual for a wedding.
5. A: This shirt is very trendy.
B: It is, but it’s ____________ tight.
28. What’s wrong with the people’s clothes? Make sentences.
21
29. Complete the sentences. Use too or enough with these words.
1. I couldn’t work. I was too tired. (tired)
2. Can you turn the radio up, please? It ______________________________. (loud)
3. I don’t want to walk home. It’s __________________________________. (far)
4. Don’t buy anything in that shop. It __________________________.
(expensive)
5. You can’t put all your things in this bag. It __________________________. (big)
6. I couldn’t do the exercise. It _________________________________.
(difficult)
7. Your work needs to be better. It _________________________________. (good)
8. I can’t talk to you now. I _______________________________________. (busy)
9. I thought the film was boring. It _________________________________. (long)
30. Describe your clothes:
What do you usually wear? What are you wearing now?
On weekdays, I usually wear .......but now, I’m wearing.....
22
Module
2:
Describi
ng now
and
daily
actions
23
Module 2: Describe now and daily actions.

2.1 Places to buy food and drinks.
1. Listen and repeat.
 fast food restaurant  grocery store

 café  supermarket
 takeout restaurant  delicatessen
 restaurant  bakery
 butcher shop  fish market
 pastry store  ice-cream parlor
2. In which of these stores can you eat/ drink/order/buy…

a. a burger? ______________ i. ice cream? ______________
b. coke? ______________ j. chicken? ______________
c. tomatoes? ______________ k. ham? ______________
d. bananas? ______________ l. eggs? ______________
e. tea? ______________ m. candy? ______________
f. lemonade? ______________ n. rice? ______________
g. bread? ______________ o. meat? ______________
h. celery? ______________ p. popcorn? ______________
3. Look at the map and find the store.

a. It’s on the corner of Main Road and Lincoln Street. It’s the music store.
b. It’s next to the mall. ____________________
c. It’s between the grocery store and the pizzeria. ____________________
d. It’s on the left of the fast food restaurant. ____________________
e. It’s in front of the jewelry store. ____________________
Prepositions of place
We use prepositions of place to describe where things are.
There are four files on the desk.
There’s a printer under my chair.
24
4. Label the pictures with the words in the box.
on – next to – in – opposite – behind – under

– on the left – between – near – in front of –
at – on the right - over
1 2
3
4
1. _____ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. ______
5 7 8
6
5. ________ 6. _______ 7. _______ 8. ______
9 11 12 13
10
9. _____ 10. _______ 11. _______ 12. _____ 13. ____
5. Look at the picture and complete the sentences with the correct preposition of
place (in, next to, behind, on, at, between, in front of).
25
1. There are four people _______________the open green car.

2. The grocer's is _______________the "7 til' late" shop.
3. Saint Mary's school is_______________ the shops.
4. The woman is waiting with her bags _______________the block of flats.
5. The little children are walking _______________the two teachers.
6. There are four children _______________the school bus.
7. There is a shower _______________the top floor of the building.
6. Look at the picture of the living room. Then ask and answer, as in the example.
 vase/table  sofa/armchair  coffee table/fireplace

 fireplace/lamps  painting/window  carpet/floor
 sofa/window  blue lamp/fireplace  window / sofa
 coffee table/carpet  yellow lamp/sofa
S1: Where’s the vase?
S2: It’s on the table. Where’s the fireplace?
S1: It’s opposite the table. Where’s …?
S2: _________________
7. Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
26
1. The cat is _________ the table. 7. The switch is ________ the

2. There is a big tree ______ the window.
house. 8. The cupboard is _________ the
3. The plane is flying _____ the sink.
clouds. 9. There are some shoes _____ the
4. She is standing _________ the bed.
piano. 10. The plant is _________ the piano.
5. The cinema is _________ the right. 11. Paul is sitting _________ Fiona.
6. She’s sitting _________ the phone. 12. In Britain people drive _____ the
left.
2.2 A place to work.
1. Label the offices with the words in the box.
modern open-plan sharedtraditional
__________________ __________________
__________________ __________________
8. Read the article and choose the sentence a, b, c that best describes the main
point.
a. All employees have tidy desks.
b. A tidy desk isn’t always important.
c. We don’t like desks.
27
9. Read the article and answer the questions.

1. What things made of paper does the writer have on his desk?
_______________________________________________________________
2. What is next to the keyboard?
_______________________________________________________________
3. Where do workers usually put their documents?
_______________________________________________________________
4. How much time do people with untidy desks spend looking for things each day?
_______________________________________________________________
5. How many types of workers does the article mention?
_______________________________________________________________
6. What are the disadvantages of being a “filer”?
_______________________________________________________________
7. What are the advantages of being a “piler”?
_______________________________________________________________
8. What should you do next time you tidy your desk?
_______________________________________________________________
The paperless office
Leave my desk alone. It works
problem, and there are a lot worker always has a tidy
of desks like mine in The workspace.
3
Economist’s offices. But is that true? Research shows
2
But in many companies that there are two types of
it’s very important to have workers. The first type is the
a tidy office. Some “filer”. They receive a document
companies say that and immediately file it. The
workers can’t leave second type is the “piler”. They
documents or paper on have piles of paper on their desk.
their desk at the end of the Who do you think can find things
day. Employees put all the quickly? The answer may
1
I’m writing this article at my documents into filing cabinets or surprise you.
desk. It isn’t a tidy desk – there drawers. Experts say that a 4
Workers who file everything
are lots of things on it (books, person who works at an untidy have a tidy desk, but they file too
brochures, files, notepads and desk is not organized and spends much. There are two main
newspapers). There are six pens about one-and-a half hours a day problems with this. First, the files
and some documents next to the looking for things. An organized and filing cabinets take a lot of
keyboard and there’s a printer space in the office. And second,
under my chair. It isn’t a
28
6
there are so many files that it they aren’t always disorganized. So next time you tidy your desk,
takes time to remember where a Some experts say that a busy stop and think. Perhaps an untidy
particular document is. desk helps “pilers” to think about desk makes it easier to find
5
Now let’s look at “pilers”. They current projects and makes it things.
often have an untidy desk, but easy find documents.
Glossary
10. Which kind of worker are you – a “filer” or a “piler”?

ExpertWhy?
(n) aDo you who
person tidy
knows a lot about a subject.
things on your desk in the same wayLabel the picturesResearch
with the(n) words
the studyinofthe
a
filekeyboardshredderbookcaseprinterchairstaplerenvelopemousecupboardpapercli
subject to find new
box. psofa information.
Disorganized (adj.) not
organized
Current (adj.) happening at
the moment.
4._________________
__________________ 2. ___________________ _______________ ___
5.____________________ 6.____________________
7. ___________________ 8. ______________
_______ _______
12.
9. ___________________ 10. ____________________ 11. _____________________ _____________
_____
11. Listen to three people describing their offices. Which speaker (1, 2 or 3)
talks about this office?
29
12. Complete the text with prepositions. Listen again and check.
1. There is a PC and a telephone 1. ______________the desk. The printer is
2. ______________the desk. There’s a bookcase 3. ______________the filing
cabinet.
2. My desk is 4. ______________the door. The monitor is 5. ______________the
printer. All my files are 6. ______________the cupboard. It’s 7. ______________the
photocopier and the bookcase.
3. I sit 8. ______________my sofa with a laptop. The sofa is 9. ______________the
door. There’s a bookcase 10. ______________the sofa. There are two filing cabinets
11. ______________the bookcase.
There is / There are
We often use There is or There are when we describe what is in a place.
There is (There’s) a file next to the PC. There are six books on the desk
There is not (There isn’t) a file next to There are not (there aren’t) six books on
the PC. the desk.
13. Choose There is or There are to complete the sentences.

1. There is / There are some sticky notes on the table.
2. There is / There are a calendar on the wall.
3. There is / There are two posters in my room.
4. There is / There are a highlighter pen in this basket.
5. There is / There are six chairs in the kitchen.
6. There is / There are lots of staple removers in the shelf.
7. There is / There are a tray on our desk.
8. There is / There are 12 cushions on the sofa.
9. There is / There are a rubber stamp near my sister's pen.
10. There is / There are scissors in the shelf.
14. Write there is / there isn’t / is there or there are / there aren’t / are there.
1. Kentham isn’t an old town. ______________any old buildings.
30
2. Look! ______________a photograph of your brother in the newspaper?

3. “Excuse me, ______________ a bank near here?” “Yes, at the end of the street.”
4. ______________five people in my family: my parents, my two sisters and me.
5. “How many students ______________ in the class?” “Twenty”
6. The road is usually very quiet. ______________ much traffic.
7. “______________ a bus from the city centre to the airport?” “Yes, every 20
minutes.”
8. “______________ any problems?” “No, everything is OK.”
A Quick Guide to Five English Towns
15. Complete the brochure on the right with There’s or There are.
Brighto
Brighton Brighton is only one hour from London.
n 1__________a beach near the center of
town, and 2__________small stores and
3__________a
coffee great shopping in
shops in Brighton.
Canterbury, and 4__________a beautiful
river: the River Stour.
Canterbury
Canterbury
Nottingham 5___________good restaurants in

Nottingham, and 6_____________great
tourist attractions near the center of
town.
York
York is very old, and 7____________
600-year-old streets in the town.
8_________ also beautiful buildings.
2.3 Talk about your diet and lifestyle

1. The food pyramid.
31
2. Look at the picture above and match the numbers (1-35) with the letters (a-
ii). Then listen and check your answers.
a) _________ cereal m) _________ beans y) _________ fish
b) _________ eggs n) _________ rice z) ________
c) _________ carrots o) _________ pear potatoes
d) _________ orange p) _____ strawberries aa) _________ peaches
e) _________ yogurt q) _________ meat bb) _________ cookies
f) _________ pasta r) _________ onions cc) _________ chicken
g) _________ broccoli s) _________ apple dd) _________ lettuce
h) _________ tomato t) _________ cherry ee) _________ melon
i) _________ cheese u) _________ nuts ff) _________chocolate
j) _________ bread v) _________ spinach gg) _________ milk
k) ______ mushrooms w) _________ bananas hh) _________ peppers
l) _________ grapes x) _________ olive oil ii) _________ lemons
3. Which of the products in the pyramid food are….
a. Fats and oils: _________________________________________
b. Milk and dairy products: _________________________________________
c. Grains: _________________________________________
d. Meat, beans, fish and nuts: _________________________________________
e. Fruits: ________________________________________
f. Vegetables: _________________________________________
Plurals – Countable / Uncountable nouns
4. Study the table and complete the chart. Then complete the rules.
1. cereal 17. melon 33. fish
2. pasta 18. lemons 34. chicken
3. bread 19. orange 35. eggs
4. rice 20. tomato
5. onions 21. grapes
6. spinach 22. strawbe
7. potatoes rries
8. lettuce 23. cherry
9. peppers 24. olive
10. carrots oil
11. broccoli 25. cookies
12. mushrooms 26. chocola
te
27. milk
28. yogurt 32
29. cheese
30. beans
13. pear
14. apple
15. bananas
16. peaches
Plural Nouns
 Most nouns take ______ to form their plural. For example: carrot →carrots.
 Nouns ending in –s, -ss, -x,- __, - ,-o take ______. For example: bus →buses,
glass →glasses, box →boxes, peach →peaches, tomato → tomatoes.
 Nouns ending in consonant + ______ drop the______ and take ______ For
example: berry →berries
 Irregular Plurals: man → men, woman → women, child → children, person
→ people, foot → feet, tooth → teeth, cactus → cacti, stimulus → stimuli, axis
→ axes, analysis → analyses, hypothesis → hypotheses, synthesis → syntheses,
thesis → theses, ox → oxen, mouse → mice, louse → lice, deer → deer, fish →
fish, sheep → sheep, goose → geese, bacterium → bacteria, criterion →
criteria, phenomenon → phenomena.
 Some nouns don’t have a singular form: clothes, pants, glasses, scissors,
pyjamas, binoculars, pilers, outskirts, etc.
Countable / Uncountable nouns

 Countable nouns are nouns we can count. For example: a/one apple → two
apples
 Uncountable nouns are nouns we cannot count. For example: water ( NOT:
a/one water → two waters
We use some with uncountable nouns or countable plural nouns. For example: some
water, some apples.
5. Write “C” for countable nouns and “U” for uncountable ones.
time butte oil tomato baggag
r e
books pencil cars cream school
sugar bread salt honey luck
milk jam house carrot news
pens friend cheese man tree
sand finger rice computer kilo
chair flour tea hall rubbish
33
s
meat apple game water cup
6. Look at the picture and guess. Who is he?
7. Listen and complete the information. Then tells the class what Phelps eats
during a typical day.
Michael Phelps has 1______________ meals a day. For breakfast he has 3 fried-egg
2_________________ with 3_________________, 4_________________,
5_________________, fried 6________________ and 7________________, 2
8_________________ of coffee, a five egg omelet, a bowl of grits, 3 slices of
9_________________ topped with sugar and 3 10________________ pancakes. For
lunch he has a bowl of 11________________ with 12_______________ sauce, 2 large
13 ________________ and cheese sandwiches with mayonnaise and 2
14 _______________ of energy drink. For dinner he has a bowl of
15 ________________ with 16 _____________ sauce, 6 to 8 slices of
17 _______________ and 2 18_______________ of energy drink.
Containers & Quantifiers
8. Fill in the blanks with …
bottle – glass – carton – cup – bowl – pack – slice – pot – loaf – can – piece
1. a ____________________ of milk.
2. a ____________________ of bread.
1
3. a ____________________ of tea. 2 4
3
4. a ____________________ of apple juice.
5. a ____________________ of bread.
6. a ____________________ of spaghetti.
7. a ____________________ of cake. 7
6
34 5
10
8
8. a ____________________ of ketchup.
9. a ____________________ of popcorn.
10. a ____________________ of baked beans.
11. a ____________________ of yogurt.
Study the table

Countable Uncountable
How many apples are there? How much coffee is there?
There is too much coffee.

There are too many apples.
There is a lot of coffee.

There are a lot of apples.
There are some apples.

There’s some coffee.
There’s little coffee.

There are few apples.
There isn’t much coffee.
There aren’t many apples.
There aren’t any apples. There isn’t any coffee.
Quantifier Countable Uncountable Affirmative Interrogative negative

Some X X X X(*)
Any X X X X
A little X X
A few X X
Much X X X
Many X X X
A lot of X X X X
(*)We can use some in questions when offering/requesting.
9. Complete the sentences with “a”/ “an”, “some” or “any”.

1. I want _________________apple juice.
2. There’s _________________meat on the dish.
35
3. It’s _________________ Italian pizza.

4. There wasn’t _________________ litter on the beach.
5. There aren’t_________________ sandwiches for my party.
6. _________________ dog will bite if it’s afraid.
7. There isn’t _________________pencil in the drawer.
8. There is_________________ rice left.
10. Write some or any.
1. I bought _______ cheese, but I didn’t buy _______ bread.
2. I’m going to the post office. I need _______ stamps.
3. There aren’t _______ shops in this part of town.
4. Gary and Alice haven’t got _______ children.
5. Have you got _______ brothers or sisters?
6. There are _______ beautiful flowers in the garden.
7. Do you know _______ good hotels in London?
8. “Would you like _______ tea?” “Yes, please”
11. Write How much or How many.

1. ____________ people are coming to the party?
2. ____________ milk do you want in your coffee?
3. ____________ bread did you buy?
4. ____________ players are there in a football team?
12. Fill in the blanks with: much –many – some – any – a lot of - little
1. How ___________ cheese do you need? Not ____________.
2. Are there __________ oranges? Yes, there are __________ oranges, but there
aren’t _________ apples.
3. There’s very _______________ milk left. OK! Let’s buy _________________.
4. Can I have ______________ cherries? Sorry, but there aren’t
________________.
5. How _________________ pears do you want? Not _________________. Just
two.
13. Underline the correct item.

1. Are you hungry? There is a little / a few roast beef left.
36
2. I can’t make a cake. We haven’t got much / any eggs.

3. There is a few / a lot of sugar in the cupboard. We don’ need to buy any.
4. Can I have some / much milk for my coffee?
5. We need a few / much more peppers to make the dish.
6. We’ve got a lot of / a little bananas so you don’t have to buy any.
7. There isn’t many / much food left. We’ll have to go shopping.
8. The restaurant offers a few / a little vegetarian dishes.
14. Complete with the right quantifier

1. This bag is very heavy because it has got __________ books in it.
A) a little B) a lot of C) a few
2. Meral and Ahmet have got _________ friends from America.
A) any B) much C) a few
3. Have we got _________milk in the fridge, mother?
A) many B) a few C) any
4. How ______money have you got in your purse?
A) many B) any C) much
5. My mother has got _________ friends.
A) a little B) a lot of C) much
6. We have got ________ apples and ________ oranges in the fridge.
A) a little / some B) many / a little C) a few / some
7. Are there ________ children in the school garden?
A) a little B) any C) much
8. My teacher hasn’t got _________ 6th grade students this year.
A) some B) any C) a few
9. Sam, ____ there _____ milk in the fridge?
A) are / any B) is / any C) is / a few
15. Write a paragraph about what a person eats for breakfast/ lunch/ dinner, as
the example below. Then read it to the class.
Mr Gonzalez has hypothyroidism. He usually eats fruit salad with yogurt for breakfast and a cup of
milk. After 4 hours before lunch, he sometimes eats a serving of raisins. For lunch, he has a large
slice of chicken or beef, vegetable salad and a small portion of rice. Before dinner, he usually eats
some toasted nuts. For dinner, he has a slice of integral bread and cheese or chicken and a cup of
coffee.
________________________________________________________________________________
37
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
____________
16. Look at the phone conversation between a customer and a sales assistant in a
bureau de change. Complete the conversation using: some, any, much or
many.
Customer: Good morning, I’d like to change 1. __________money.
Do you have 2. __________Australian dollars?
Sales assistant: Yes, sir. How 3. __________dollars would you like?
Customer: 1.500. How 4. __________is the commission?
Sales Assistant: 1 %. Do you need 5.__________other currencies, sir?
Customer: Yes, Can I have 6. __________Mexican pesos, please?
Sales Assistant: How 7.__________?
Customer: 2.000 please.
17. Practise the conversation with a partner.

18. When a company sells goods, they send an invoice to the customer with
information about the order. Look at the invoice below and complete the
information with the words in the box.
Accountfreediscounttotalsupplierquantity
38
19. Look at the invoice again and answer the questions.

1. What is the product code? __________________________
2. What is the customer ordering? __________________________
3. How many does he want? __________________________
4. How much is the discount on the order? __________________________
5. Is it necessary to pay for delivery? __________________________
6. How much does the customer pay? __________________________
20. Listen to a telephone conversation between a supplier and a customer and

complete the order form.
2.4 Home, sweet home

1. Look at the picture. What is strange about this house? What is in it? Listen
and read to find out.
The Walking House was the idea of a group of walk on any kind of land and can
designers from Denmark escape floods. It is very eco-
who worked with engineers friendly because it runs on solar
at MIT in Massachusetts, and wind energy. It also collects
USA. rain water for use in the kitchen
The house has a living room, while a small wood-burning
a kitchen, a toilet, and a bed. stove provides heat inside. Do
A computer controls the legs, you need a change of scenery?
but there must always be Do you need to live closer to
three legs on the group to your job? Do you want to avoid
keep it stable. The house your noisy neighbours? Simple –
Imagine a home that can walk
does not travel very fast – about just take the house for a walk!
slowly around town on six legs!
160 metres an hour, but it can How cool is that?
This amazing 10ft-high house
2. Read the article again and answer the questions.

39
1. What is inside the house?

____________________________________________
2. How does it move? _______________________________________________
3. How fast does it travel? _____________________________________________
4. How is it eco-friendly?
______________________________________________
5. Why is the house cool?
______________________________________________
The Imperative
3. Read the sentences below. Use the verbs turn off, install, not leave, not waste,
plant, unplug to write sentences using the imperative.
1. ________________________ the lights when you don’t need them.
2. ________________________ the charger when the cellphone is charged.
3. ________________________ the refrigerator door open.
4. ________________________ water. Fix leaky faucets.
5. ________________________ solar panels to heat your water.
6. ________________________ trees next to your home.
Study the exercises before and complete the rules below about the imperative.
 We use the base form of the verb to give ________________, orders, advice or
request.
Example: Turn off the lights.
 We use ________________ + base form of the verb to make a negative
imperative.
Example: Don’t turn on the heater.
4. Work in pairs. Label the diagram with the words in the box. Then listen and
check your answers. axle – deck – nose – plate – tail – truck - wheel
40
5. Match the words with the pictures. nails – bolts – nuts – spanner – washers –
staples – screws - screwdriver
6. Work in pairs. You want to assemble a skateboard. What do you need? Choose
items from the exercise 4.
7. Listen and complete the checklist.
SizeQuantity
spanner_________mm 1
nuts_________mm_________
boltsM__________________
8. How do you assemble a skateboard? Put the diagrams in order. Use the
expressions below to organise your ideas.
41
1. Put the plate on the four bolts. 6. Tighten the nut.

2. Put the nuts on the bolts. 7. Put the wheels on the axle.
3. Tighten the nuts. 8. Put the nuts on the axle.
4. Put the axle on the large bolt. 9. Tighten the nuts.
5. Put the large nut on the large bolt.
2.5 Describing my everyday activities

1. Look at the pictures and write the actions.
1 2 3
8
5
4
2. Complete the paragraph with the actions or expressions from the exercise 1.
First, I 1.___________________ at about 7 am. Then, I 2.
________________and
3. 4.
___________________my teeth. Next, I get dressed and __________________.
42
Next, I 5. ________________the newspaper or 6. ___________________ TV. After that,

7. 8.
I get ready to go to university. I ______________home at 10 am. Finally, I
____________ classes at 11 a.m.
3. Use arrows () to indicate the correct sequence of the events in the exercise 1
according to the text in 2.
4. Read the text in the exercise 2 and circle the sequencers, then list them, as the
example.
1. ________First______________ 4. __________________________
2. _____ then________________ 5. __________________________
3. __________________________ 6. _________Finally__________
Telling the Time

We talk about the time in different ways.
Rob has lunch at one o’clock. Rob checks emails at half past ten.
Rob has lunch at one in the afternoon. Rob checks emails at half past ten
in the morning.
Rob has lunch at one. Rob checks emails at ten thirty.
5. Read the text bellow. Then match the numbers with the letters.
Clara Zuñiga is a nurse at Almanzor Hospital. She lives in a house with two
people, Andrea and Rob. They work for the same hospital, but in different
departments. Andrea is a neurologist, and Rob is in HR (Human
Resources). Andrea and Clara usually drive to work because they start their
job at 7:15 a.m. They are always punctual. However, Rob starts work at
8:30am, so he often travels by van. On Friday, they all start at 7:45am and
drive to the hospital together. Rob often goes out and has lunch in the
hospital canteen at 1:30pm, but Andrea and Clara usually have lunch at
2:40pm because they’re busy. On Thursday, they meet colleagues from
other departments after work. 43
1. Clara and Andrea usually start work at __ a. half past one

2. Rob starts work at ___ b. a quarter to eight.
3. On Friday, Clara and her friends start c. eight thirty
work at ___
4. Rob has lunch at ___ d. twenty to three
5. Andrea and Clara have lunch at ___ e. a quarter past seven
6. What time do you have meals in your country?

7. Listen to Doug Scott talking about his job. What time does he start and
finish work?
Preposition of time
in on at
the morning April 14th weekend
the afternoon Saturday (s) night
1971 Monday evening 10 o’clock
August weekdays Christmas
winter. autumn, vacation midnight
summer, spring Christmas day lunch time
the week Mother’s day noon
15th century my birthday midday
the 80’s on holiday sunset
8. Complete the sentences with the correct preposition of time

1. My birthday is _______ October 13th.
2. The English class is _______ Tuesday, _______Thursday and _______ Friday.
3. The Biology class is _______ 12:45.
4. The winter is ____ June, ___ July and ____August.
5. The family is together _______ my grandfather’s birthday.
6. I’m in the office _______ midday _______ Saturdays.
7. His school classes are _______ the afternoon.
8. _______ summer it’s hot and sunny.
9. My friends are in Piura _______ weekdays.
10. The Beatles were popular ______the 1960s.
11. His birthday is ______June.
12. The class is ______9am ______Monday mornings.
44
9. Watch the video about John Williams’ routine. And choose the best
alternative.
1. I am a. 32 b. 34 c. 52
2. I live in a. Münich b. Manchester c. Oxford
3. I get up at a. 7 o’clock b. 5 o’clock c. 6 o’clock
4. I don’t a. run b. smoke c. a and b
5. Sarah doesn’t get up a. 7 o’clock b. 6 o’clock c. a and b
6. Sarah gets up at a. 7 o’clock b. 5 o’clock c. 6 o’clock
7. Sarah finishes work at a. 5 o’clock b. 6 o’clock c. 7 o’clock
Answer these questions:

1. What does John do? ___________________
2. What does Sarah do? ___________________
3. What time does he leave work? ___________________
4. Who is Andy? ___________________
5. How many cars does he sell a week? ___________________
6. What time does Sarah leave work? ___________________
7. What do they do on Saturdays? ___________________
8. Does he like meat? ___________________
9. What does he do after work? ___________________
10. Does Sarah like tennis? ___________________
Present simple affirmative and negative.
We use the present simple for routines and regular activities, and also for permanent and
long-term situations. Study these examples and answer the questions below.
I get up at 6 o’clock. Sarah gets up at 7 o’clock.
I finish work at 5 o’clock. Sarah finishes work at 6 o’clock.
We have cereal and a cup of tea. The cat has breakfast in the morning.
I don’t smoke. Sarah doesn’t get up at 6 o’clock.
a. What letter or letters do we add to a present simple verb in the third person singular?
b. What is the third person singular of the verb have?
c. What is the negative word for I, We, You and They?
d. What is the negative word for third person singular?
e. Does the verb change in the negative sentences?
SINGULAR PLURAL
45
I/You walk to school. We /You walk to school.

He /She/It walks to school. They walk to school.
We use the present simple to talk about:
 Daily routines: Every morning, I eat eggs for breakfast.
 Habits: John plays tennis on Saturdays.
 Permanent states: They live in London.
Time expressions: every day/week, every afternoon/evening, on Mondays, etc.

Spelling rules
 Verb + -s: I run – he runs
 Verbs ending in –ch, -o, -sh, -ss, -x, + -es: I watch – he watches, I go – he
goes, I wash – he washes.
 Verbs ending in consonant + y drop the -y and take –ies: I study – he
studies.
10. Fill in the present simple of the verbs in brackets.

1. Amanda______________ (go) to school every day.
2. We ______________ (like) swimming.
3. Our friends______________ (play) badminton on Saturdays.
4. My class ______________ (begin) at 9 a.m.
5. Her parents ______________ (go) to the cinema.
6. Elli______________ (love) chocolate.
7. I______________ (study) French.
8. The girls ______________ (live) in Amsterdam.
9. Alfred _____________ (work) in a bank.
10. Esther and Julie______________ (play) the piano.
11. Josue______________ (cook) lunch every day.
12. His little brother______________ (clean) his room at the weekends.
13. Alice and I______________ (like) reading detective stories.
14. Mr. Tureau______________ (come) from France.
15. Nancy______________ (go) to restaurants on weekdays.
16. Our mother______________ (study) English every evening on line.
17. My plane______________ (leave) at 11 p.m.
18. The teens ______________ (go) to the park on Sundays.
19. He ______________ (like) taking photographs.
20. The moon______________ (go) around the earth.
11. Match the departments in a company 1 – 9 with the definitions a – i
46
1. Design a. makes products.

2. Marketing b. sells to customers.
3. IT c. buys products or services for the company.
4. Production d. deals with the company’s accounts.
5. Finance e. hires new employees and organizes training
6. Buying f. arranges artwork.
7. Sales g. maintains the company’s computer systems.
8. Human Resources (HR) h. invents and develops new products.
9. Research i. promotes products or services.
and Development (R&D)
NEGATIVE
I/You/We/They don’t play sport. He/She/It doesn’t play sport.
Yes / no Questions
Interrogative Short answers
Do I/you/we/they go running on Saturday? Yes, I/you/we/they do.
Does He/She/It cook on Sunday afternoons? No, I/you/we/they don’t.
Yes, He/She/It does.
No, He/She/It doesn’t.
12. Fill in the correct of the verbs in brackets.

a. _______________________a lot in England? (it/ rain)
b. _______________________a room with her sister? (Jannet/ share)
c. _______________________at the bus stop? (we/ wait)
d. _______________________dolphins? (your father/ like)
e. He _______________________ TV every day.(not/watch)
f. I _______________________computer games.(not/like)
g. I _______________________ from Spain.(not/be)
h. _______________________in the mornings? (Christian/ smile)
i. John _______________________ nice.(not/be)
j. My sisters_______________________ volleyball every week.(not/play)
k. _______________________sports after school? (those boys/ do)
l. Steve _______________________ nice pictures.(not/draw)
m. _______________________strawberries in the morning? (Amanda/ eat)
n. _______________________their relatives to the party? (they/ invite)
o. They _______________________English.(not/speak)
p. This car _______________________ a lot of noise.(not/make)
47
q. _______________________to the beach in summer? (Nancy and Kevin/ go)

r. _______________________to the office? (you/ walk)
s. We _______________________ from Greece.(not/be)
13. Jo is a nurse. Fill in the gaps in the description of a typical workday for her by
putting the verb in brackets into the correct present simple tense form.
1. 2.
Jo ___________ (be) a nurse. She ________ (work) at a medical
3.
clinic near her home in Chiclayo. She __________ (get) to work at 8
4.
am every weekday . she first __________ (check) the phone for voice
5.
messages and the fax machine for faxes. She then ___________ (talk)
6.
to the doctors about the day’s appointments. At 8:30 she _________
7.
(make) sure that the medical instruments ___________ (be) ready for
using and everything 8. __________ (be) clean and tidy.
9.
The doctors and nurses __________ (start) seeing patients at 9:00. Jo
10.
___________ (spend) a lot of time giving babies and children
11.
vaccinations. She __________ (talk) to their parents about any
12 13.
worries they ___________ (have). The doctors _____________
14.
(call) her for help with bandaging or test. She ____________ (be)
also available at all times for medical emergencies.
15.
At lunchtime Jo ____________ (answer) the phone while the receptionist is having her
lunch. It 16. ____________ (be,not) a busy time so Jo usually 17.
__________ (have) a cup of
18. 19.
tea. She __________ (try) to do any paperwork during this time, too. The clinic
20.
_____________ (have,not) as many patients in the afternoon unless it __________ (be) a
Friday.
21. 22.
At around 4:00 she ____________ (check) that her computer files _________ (be) up-
23. 24.
to-date. She ___________ (look) at the clinic’s stock of medical supplies and
25.
_________ (phone) the manufactures to order more of something, if necessary. Finally, Jo
26.
___________ (talk) to the doctors and other nurses about the day’s work. She
___________ (go) home around 5:00. She 27. _________ (be) usually late leaving work. Jo 28.
_________ (love) her job but the pay 29. ___________ (be,not) very good.
48
Frequency Adverbs
14. We use frequency adverbs (e.g. never, usually, etc.) to say how often things
happen. Study the examples from the exercise 5 on page 42 and underline the
frequency adverbs.
a. Andrea and Clara usually drive to work because they start their job at 7:15 a.m.
b. They are always punctual
c. Rob often travels by van.
d. Andrea and Clara usually have lunch at 2:40pm
15. Complete the rule with before and after:

Adverbs of frequency usually go ________ the verb to be and _______ all other
main verbs.
16. Rewrite the complete sentence using the adverb in brackets in its correct
position.
He listens to the radio. (often) _________________________________________
Pete gets angry. (never) _________________________________________
Tom is very friendly. (usually) ADVERB FREQUENCY
always 100%
usually 90%
normally 80%
generally 75%
often 70%
frequently 60%
sometimes 50%
occasionally 40%
seldom 30%
hardly ever 10%
never 0%
_________________________________________
I take sugar in my coffee. (sometimes) _______________________________________
Ramon and Frank are hungry. (often) _______________________________________
Walter helps his father in the kitchen. (usually) ________________________________
They watch TV in the afternoon. (never) _____________________________________
Christine smokes. (never) ________________________________________
Peter doesn’t get up before seven. (usually) ___________________________________
49
My grandmother goes for a walk in the evening. (always)

____________________________________________________
17. Use frequency adverbs (chart below) to tell your partner how often you do
things.
go to meetings – get up early – have lunch in a restaurant – read a newspaper - read
an article in English – play sports – be late for appointments – check Facebook.
18. Writing and Speaking. What’s your routine? Present it to the class.
19. Read the article and choose the correct answer a – c to complete the sentences.
1. Management gurus often compare 3. A person who is good at boat

business to… racing…
a. boat racing. a. is always good for the team.
b. football and rugby. b. is good at all sports.
c. golf. c. sometimes isn’t good for the
team.
2. Members of a boat club need to... 4. People that work with the team…
a. compete and co-operate. a. aren’t good team members.
b. talk about teamwork. b. help to win the race.
c. have lessons in business. c. are great boat racers.
5. The writer thinks it is important

that the team…
50
a. likes each other. c. likes business.

b. likes racing.
The Economist
Team sport and business

1 2
Management gurus often But there are some members of a boat club are
similarities between very good at the sport. So
rowing and business they think it isn’t important
teams. The members of to be nice to their colleagues
the boat club need to or to work with the team.
compete for a place in the Other members of the club
team. They also need to are not so good at the sport,
co-operate as team but they work with the team
members at the same – and they are the team
time. members that help to win
compare business to sport. This is also true in a the race.
They sometimes use company. Colleagues try to 4.
This is a good lesson for
examples from football or be the best, but at the same managers: a team with
rugby when they talk about time they need to work members that like each other
teamwork. But it isn’t often together. works together. And it is the
that they say that rowing has 3.
A person who is only team that works well
lessons for business. good at rowing is not always together that gets really
good for the team. Some good result.
2.6 Rain and shine

1. Listen and repeat.
51
2. Listen to the weather report and complete the sentences.

Let’s have a look of the weather map from Europe. Starting in the north, the weather isn’t
very good in Scandinavia. It’s 1.____________ in Sweden. It’s 2.
____________in the east
3.
of the UK, and at the moment, it’s ____________heavily in the north of Germany. It’s
4 5.
quite . ____________today in Poland. It’s about 5 degrees in the east and it’s very
6.
____________in France. It’s ____________over the whole of France. The weather is
looking good in the south of Europe, then. As usual, it’s very 7 ___________in the south of
Spain and it’s 8 ___________in Greece, up to about 20 degrees today. Finally, be careful if
9.
you’re driving in the northern of Italy it’s very ___________. The wind is coming down
of the mountains and it’s very strong. That’s it from the weather forecast from Europe.
3. Look at the information. Complete the title.

Last week we asked for examples of health problems in good or bad weather. We had
hundreds of letters! Here are a few.
YOUR HEALTH
Your articleYOUR
was very interesting.
HEALTH ANDI always
THEget headaches when the weather changes from sunny
______________
weather to rain. My head isn’t hurting now because it’s summer and the sun is shining.
Pablo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
I live in Seattle and it often rains here. My whole body aches when it rains – my legs, my arms.
I’m aching badly at the moment because it’s raining heavily today.
Miriam, Seattle, USA
The weather also affects our moods. In Norway a lot of people get depressed in the winter becuse
it stays cold and dark all the time, especially in the north. We’re all feeling depressed at the
moment – it’s November and there’s another three months of darkness!
Lars, Oslo, Norway
52
4. Read the information and complete the chart below.

Person / city Type of weather Health problem
Change from sunny
weather to rain
Miriam / Seattle
Feeling depressed
53
2.7 Materials testing

Present Continuous
We use the present continuous to talk about things that are happening now (at the
moment of speaking) and for temporary actions (things that are happening around
now). Study the examples from the exercise 2 on page 50 and complete the rules
below.
a. At the moment, it’s raining heavily in the north of Germany.

b. The weather is not looking good in the north of Europe,
c. Are you driving in the northern of Italy?
d. The wind is coming down of the mountains.
1. We form the present continuous by using am, _____ or _____ and a verb + _____.
2. We form the negative by putting _____ between am/is/are and the verb.
3. We form the ___________ by putting am/is/are before the subject.
AFFIRMATIVE
LONG FORM SHORT FORM
I am walking. I’m walking.
You are walking. You’re walking.
He / She / It is walking. He’s / She’s / It’s walking
We / You / They are walking. We’re / You’re / They’re walking.
We use the Present Continuous for actions happening now / at the moment /
today.
Form: noun / pronoun + verb to be (am – is – are ) + verb _ing form
Time expressions with the Present Continuous: now, at the moment, today.
Spelling rules
 Most verbs: + - ing: fly – flying, eat – eating
 Verbs ending in consonant + _e: E + _ing: come – coming
 Verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant: double the consonant and take
_ing: shop - shopping
Expressions used with present progressive
TEMPORARY FUTURE
Now Tomorrow
Right now Next Monday
At the moment Next week
In this moment Next month
At present Next August
Today Next season
This week Next summer
This month Next year
This year
54
NEGATIVE
I am not / ‘m not
You / We / They are not / aren’t wearing a scarf.
He / She / It is not / isn’t
INTERROGATIVE SHORT ANSWERS

Am I winning? Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
Are you / we / they winning? Yes, you / we / they are./
Is he / she / it winning? No, you / we / they aren’t
Yes, he / She / it is. /
No, he / she /it isn’t.
4. Work in pairs. Read the instructions and answer the question.

break – nylon - polycarbonate - pull – stretch - strike
 Look at the helmet and rope. What are they made of?
5. Listen and answer the questions.
a. What material is the rope made of?
_____________________________________________________
b. What is the lecturer doing?
_____________________________________________________
c. Is the rope breaking?
_____________________________________________________
6. Listen again and complete the dialogue.

A: I'm (1) __________________ the rope. I'm (2) __________________ it.
Is it (3) _________________?
B: No, it (4) __________________
A: That's right. It (5) __________________ __________________.
7. Match the actions with the verbs in the box.
bend – compress – cut – drop – heat – scratch – stretch –
strike
55
8. The lecturer is testing other materials. Complete his description.

Now I (1) 'm heating (heat) this plastic to 100°C. Can you see?
It (2) _____________________ (not melt).
OK, now I (3) _____________________ (put) this helmet on the floor. And now the
machine (4) _____________________ (drop) a 10 kg weight on it.
Right, now look at Dr Wilson. He (5) _____________________ (strike) the metal
plate with a hammer. But the plate (6) _____________________ (not bend).
OK, now the jaws of the vice (7) _____________________ (compress) this plastic
block. The block (8) _____________________ (not break).
Now Dr Wilson (9) _____________________ (hang) a weight of 500 kg from the
ropes. But the ropes (10) _____________________ (not stretch).
9. Speaking. What are the people in the gym doing? Describe this picture using the
words in the box.
bend – cycle – hold – lift - pick up – pull – push – run – sit – stretch – touch
a. _________________________________________
b. _________________________________________
c. _________________________________________
d. _________________________________________
e. _________________________________________
f. _________________________________________
56
g. __________________________________________
h. __________________________________________
10. Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about the picture in 9.
A: What’s D doing? Is he pushing the bar up?
B: No, he isn't. He's pulling the bar down.
11. Listen to two people talking about their companies and complete the table
to show what the companies usually do and what they are doing at the
moment.
USUALLY AT THE MOMENT
MET scan
We 1. manufacture machines for 2_______ . The medical team
3
._______________equipment that people can
use at 4.________________.
Norwest
We make 5._____________for the Our team 7
.__________a new
6. 8 9
___________market. .____________for the ._________market.
12. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in italics.
1. I work /am working for Corus plc. I started here seven years ago.
2. What do you do / are you doing at the moment?
3. I organise / am organising a project in Rotterdam this month.
4. What time do they have / are they having breakfast in the morning?
5. Martina finishes / is finishing a report at the moment.
6. How do you usually travel / are travelling to work?
7. I'm driving / drive at the moment, but usually I'm taking / take the train.
8. Do they send / Are they sending the report now?
13. Listen to two people meeting and complete the beginning and end of the
conversation.
Beginning
Lucy : Hi, Ethan. We met at the 1 training course in Rome last July.
Ethan : Hi, Lucy. How are 2________________with you?
Lucy : Fine. Are you 3 ______________ working in Shanghai?
Ethan : No, I’m working in the Delhi 4 ________________for 8 months.
Lucy : That 5 ________________interesting!
57
End
Lucy : I’m in Delhi 6________________month for some meetings.
Ethan : Great! 7________________have lunch together.
Lucy : That’s a good idea. Here’s my 8________________card.
Ethan : Thanks. Here’s my card. Well, it was good to see you 9________, Lucy.
Lucy : Yes, it was good to see you, 10________________.
14. Read the e-mail from an old colleague. For each sentence 1 – 6 find one
mistake and correct it.
Hi,
Are
EMP?
you still working for
1How are things? Is
in Japan?
2Are you still lived
g place.
wo rk in Du ba i no w. It is a very excitin
3I’m company.
I se llin g co mp uter games for a French
4At the moment, mpany.
on th, Ju sti n an d I am starting a new co
5But this m the sales
ch no w. Re me mb er you met her at
lun
6I’m meet Zoe for
llo.
last year? She says he
conference in Sydney
ur news.
Write soon with all yo
Regards
Jerry
15. Write a reply (40 – 60 words) to Jerry’s e-mail in exercise 14. Use the
information below.
Include this information about your current situation:
58
- work: __________________________________
- job title: __________________________________
- live: Boston, USA. (for next six months)
- other: You visit Dubai this week on business Jerry wants to meet for
lunch?
Hi Jerry
Thanks for your email. The new company sounds interesting.
I left my job of ………………… last year. Now, I ………….
59
Module
3:
Narrate
importa
nt
moment
s in the
past Module 3: Narrate important moments in the past.
3.1. Talking about past activities:
Where was it?
1. Read these conversations.
1. A: I can't find my pen!
B: Here it is.
A: Thanks! Where was it?
60
B: It was under the newspaper.
2. A: I can't find my keys!

B: Here they are.
A: Thanks! Where were
they? B: They were on the
shelf.
2. Make conversations. Change the
words ln italics.
a. map in the paperbin
b. shoes under the bed
c. glasses in the drawer
d. mobile phone on the table
3. Make questions as the model. Who was/ were.....?
actor – actress – footballers – historian – naturalist -
nun – politician –scientist – singers – writer
Example: Charles Darwin.

Who was Charles Darwin? He was a naturalist.
1. Jorge Basadre: _________________________________
2. Mother Teresa: _________________________________
3. Jane Austen: _________________________________
4. Winston Churchill: _________________________________
5. Edith Piaf and Kurt Cobain: _________________________________
6. Albert Einstein: _________________________________
7. Sandro Baylon and Johan Cruyff: ____________________________
8. Shirley Temple: __________________________________
9. Alan Rickman: __________________________________
4. Look at these sentences and answer the questions:
a. It isn't here now. b. It was here yesterday.
c. They aren't here now. d. They were here yesterday.
1. Look at the sentences “a” and “b”, what differences can you see?
______________________________________________________________________
2. Look at the sentences “c” and “d”, what differences can you see?
______________________________________________________________________
61
SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF VERB TO BE

5. Study the tables:
POSITIVE NEGATIVE
I was there. I wasn’t at home.
He was at home. He wasn’t at the library.
She was happy. She wasn't here.
It was in Japan. It wasn’t in Peru.
We were busy. We weren't tired.
You were busy. You weren’t free.
They were in classes. They weren’t in the park.
QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS

Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t.
Were you at home yesterday?
Yes, we were. / No, we weren’t.
Was he at the hospital last weekend? Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t.
Was she tired after classes? Yes, she was. / No, she wasn’t
Was the cat in the cage? Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t.
Were we in the classroom? Yes, we were. / No, we weren’t.
Were we in the classroom? Yes, you were. / No, you weren’t.
Were they busy last Saturday? Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.
62
Time Expressions:
Present: today this (week) this (year)
Past: yesterday last (week) last (year)
6. Make sentences about today and yesterday:
Example: Today it’s hot. Yesterday it was cold.
Today Yesterday
1. It / hot It / cold
2. I / at school I / not at school
3. She / happy She / unhappy
4. They / busy They / not busy
5. He / tired He / busy
6. We / at school We / at home
7. Complete with was or were:

1. There ______two people on the beach.
2. I ________ bored.
3. He ________ in Australia last year.
4. The film ________ awful.
5. We ________ in New York in February.
6. Their bags _______ beside them.
7. My parents ________ there yesterday.
8. It ______ very hot in the mountains.
8. Read and listen the article and answer the questions. a) Who started the
race? b) Who left the race? c) Who finished the race?
Alone at sea
1
Debra and Andre Veal Debra didn’t want to stop race is the girl who came
entered a 3,000-mile the race, and she decided last.”
rowing race across the to continue. She rowed the
Atlantic from Tenerife to remaining 2,290 miles
5 15
Barbados. There were alone. The journey took
thirty-four other rowing 113 days. Debra arrived in
teams. They started the Barbados seventy days
race together, but after after the winning team,
two weeks Andrew left but for most people she
the race 10because he was was 20the hero of the race.
frightened of the ocean. The editor of The Times
wrote, “The winner of the
63
9. Listen to radio programme about Debra Veal. Underline the correct

information.
a) Debra was / wasn’t angry with her husband.
b) Debra was / wasn’t worried about big ships.
c) The shark was / wasn’t interested in Debra.
d) Debra was / wasn’t embarrassed about coming last.
e) Debra was / wasn’t happy about finishing the race.
10. Match the two columns:
1. It was cold ...it was 11.30 p.m.
2. They weren’t cold ...She was ill.
3. He was thirsty ...the film was awful.
4. She was in bed because ...the window was open.
5. He was tired ...it was a hot day.
6. They were bored ...the bottle was empty.
11. What did they do last weekend? Look at the pictures and ask questions as the
examples:
Example: 1. A. Did h e listen to music?
B. Yes, he did
2. A. Did they clean their room?

B. No, they didn’t.
64
1 2 3 4
Listen to music Shave the face Cook dinner Ride a bike
5 6 7 8
Water the plants Watch TV Talk on the phone Wash the dishes
3.2. Ancient Civilizations:

1. Steven and Mary are talking about countries and places they visited:
Read and practice the conversation: Machu Picchu
Steven: Hi, I’m Steven. I’m from the United States.

What’s your name? Sacsayhuaman
Mary: My name´s Mary. I’m from Australia.
Steven: Did you like Sacsayhuaman?
Mary: It was great. But I liked Machu Picchu more.
Steven: When did you visit it?
Coricancha Temple
Mary: I visited it yesterday.
Steven: Did you like Coricancha Temple?
Chincheros market
Mary: Yes, I did. I liked it a lot.
Steven: Did you visit the Chincheros market?
Mary: Yes, I did. And I bought a lot of souvenirs.
Steven: That’s great!
2. SPEAKING: Prepare your own conversation using the dialogue in activity 1 as

model.
65
3. Complete the sentences with the most accurate form of the verb in parentheses
simple past tense:
a. She (live) __________ in Tucume last year.
b. They (work) __________ in the garden yesterday.
c. I (start) _________ my homework last night.
d. He (help) ____________ his children do the homework.
e. Adela (talk) _________ on the phone last night.
f. The student (ask) _________ some questions to the teacher.
g. The little boy (watch) ___________ T.V. at home.
4. Look at the examples, and complete the blanks:

a. Most regular verbs form the simple past tense adding ______ to the end of the verb.
For example: work  worked play  played.
b. If a word ends in an “e” we just add the _____ to the end:
Example: live lived love  loved
c. If the word ends in a Consonant + Vowel + Consonant, we _______ the final
consonant and add _____.
Example: stop  stopped admit  admitted
d. If a two-syllable verb ends in a Consonant + Vowel + Consonant, we do not ______
the final consonant when the stress is on the first syllable.
Example: happen happened enter entered
e. We do not _______ the final consonant when the word ends in ___, ____, ____ or
when the final syllable is not stressed.
Example: fix  fixed enjoy  enjoyed, snow  snowed
f. If the verb ends in Consonant + Vowel + L, we normally _______ the final L and add
______.
Note: In the United States (US) they DO NOT double the L when the accent is on the
first syllable.
Example: travel  traveled (US), travelled (UK)
5. Listen to the conversation very carefully. Who did the action? Write T for
Tom, and L for Lisa:
 went skateboarding  had a meet with friends
 did the homework  had dinner at a Chinese restaurant
66
 helped mom  stayed in bed until 10

 helped dad  washed the car
 listened to music  watched TV
 played in the computer  went to a friend’s house
 played football  went to the cinema
 saw a film  went to the museum
 stayed at home  went to the park
6. Now, listen to the conversation again and complete the chart:

Friday Saturday Saturday Saturday Sunday Sunday
evening morning afternoon evening morning afternoon
TOM
Friday Saturday Saturday Saturday Sunday Sunday

evening morning afternoon evening morning afternoon
LISA
7. . Listen to the story about Oliver Twist and complete the text. Use the verbs
from the chart:
tried – visited – walked – promised – lived – pushed – asked –
looked after – wanted – decided – showed - stayed
lived in a workhouse. He didn’t have

Oliver (1) _______
enough food and he (2) _________ for more. He (3)
__________ to leave the workhouse. He (4)
____________ to London. He (5) ___________ with
Fagin and the Artful Dodger.
The Artful Dodger (6) ___________ to steal Mr.
Brownlow’s wallet. Mr. Brownlow (7) __________ Oliver. Fagin and the Artful
Dodger (8) _________ a big house and (9) ___________ Oliver through a window. Mr.
67
Brownlow (10) ___________ Oliver a gold locket. Mr. Brownlow (11) __________ to
help Oliver’s mother a long time ago. Mr. Brownlow (12) __________ to help Oliver.
8. Read the text again and answer the questions:

1. Where did Oliver live? __________________________
2. Why did Oliver ask for more food? __________________________
3. Where did Oliver go? __________________________
4. Who wanted to steal Mr. Brownlow’s wallet? __________________________
5. Who wanted to leave the workhouse? __________________________
6. Who looked after Oliver? __________________________
7. What did Mr. Brownlow show him? __________________________
8. Why did Mr. Brownlow want to help Oliver? __________________________
9. Why do you think Mr. Brownlow promised to help Oliver’s mother?
___________________________________________________________________
10. How do you think the story finished? __________________________
___________________________________________________________________
9. Listen the text again. Do the verbs end with a “d” sound, a “t” sound or an
“id” sound? Put the verbs into the correct column:
“t” sound “d” sound “id” sound
walked tried visited
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10. Practice the pronunciation of the Regular Verbs:

GROUP B
GROUP A GROUP C
Voiced sound: l, v, n, m, r, b,
Voiceless sound: p, k, s, t or d pronounce
v, g, w, y, z and vowel sounds
ch, sh, f, x, or h = /t/ ed as /id/
Asked (Diphthongs) = /d/
Brushed
Escaped
Accepted
Danced
AdvisedAgreed Presented
Dressed
AllowedAnswered Graduated
Finished
Arrived Belonged Collected
Fixed
CalledCleaned Rented
Laughed
ClosedCried Scolded
Mixed
DescribedDied Shouted
Stopped
EnjoyedWelcomed Visited
Watched
PulledShowed Waited
YawnedRemembered Wanted
Hated
SIMPLE PAST TENSE: REGULAR VERBS

Affirmative Negative Questions
I I I
you you you
he/ she he/ she he/she
worked. didn’t work. Did work?
we we we
you you you
they they they
QUESTIONS:
What did you study? I studied English.
Short Answers
Yes, I did.
Did you study English?

No, I didn’t.
69
11. Answer these questions in short form:

1. Did you study English yesterday? ___________________
2. Did your sister stay in a new house? ___________________
3. Did your friend Jose work in March? ___________________
4. Did you learn Portuguese last year? ___________________
5. Did Maria wash her car yesterday? ___________________
6. Did the class start at eight? ___________________
7. Did Jorge look for an apartment last weekend? ___________________
8. Did you practice the pronunciation of verbs? ___________________
9. Did he clean his bedroom all day? ___________________
10. Did you get good grades in the exam? ___________________
SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS
I I
you
You
he
He
she
What did do? She bought a new book.
it
It
we
you We
they They
I I
you you
he he
Yes, did.
Did she wake up at 7:00 a.m.? she
No, didn’t.
it it
we we
they they
70
IRREGULAR VERBS
break – broke buy – bought come – came cut – cut
eat – ate get – got go – went have – had
leave – left lose – lost meet – met ride – rode
see – saw send – sent sing – sang speak – spoke
swim - swam take – took teach – taught write - wrote
12. SPEAKING: Practice these exchanges using the verbs from the table:
1. a. Where did you go? b. I ...........to Los Angeles.
2. a. What did you buy? b. I ............a pair of shoes.
3. a. When did you come to Chiclayo? b. I ..........here in 2010.
4. a. Who ate the cake? b. Teresa..........
5. a. What did you do last night? b. I (ride) ............the bike.
13. Can you make more questions?

6. a._________________________ b.____________________________
7. a. _________________________ b. ____________________________
8. a. _________________________ b. ____________________________
9. a. _________________________ b. ____________________________
10, a. ________________________ b. ____________________________
3.3. Famous People:
1. Read this short biography: Andrea Bocelli’s life
1
in 1958. It was evident at was there, in 1987, that he
A birth that he had problems met his future wife, Enrica.
n with his sight and after visits In Turin he met Franco
d to many doctors, Bocelli Corelli who helped him and
r was diagnosed with encouraged him to study
e glaucoma. In 1970, at the music. In 1992, he met
a age of 12, he completely Luciano Pavarotti and both
lost his sight after 10an performed a duet, but he
accident during a soccer was still unknown to the
30
game. He loves music so public.
much that when he was a A young lady Caterina
teenager he won a number of Caselli Sugar, president of
singing competitions. He Sugar label, one of the
travelled to Pisa to attend country's longest established
university, taking a degree music companies heard him
in Law. After graduating he at a private party and invited
spent one year as a court him to visit her office. She
appointed lawyer. To earn invited him to take part in
20
money Bocelli performed San Remo Song Festival. He
was born in Tuscany, Italy evenings in piano bars. It 40
won the competition. She
71
is his manager now. After unfinished. In 1998 he he continues getting prizes

that, the list of successes is debuted internationally and all over the world.
2. Answer the questions according to the reading:

1. Where was he born? _____________________________________
2. When was he born? _____________________________________
3. What did he do before 1987? _____________________________________
4. When did he meet Enrica? _____________________________________
5. Who was she? _____________________________________
6. Who did he perform a duet with? _____________________________________
7. Where did he win an important competition? ____________________________
8. Who was Franco Corelli? _____________________________________
9. Who was Caterina Caselli Sugar? _________________________________________
10. Why is she important in Andrea’s life? ______________________________________
3. Read Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Biography and say if the statements are
True (T) or False (F):
1
Every January, schools and many government offices close down to
honor the birthday of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Students appreciate
Martin Luther King Day and many other holidays mostly because
they give them a break from school. However, there is a deeper
reason to be thankful on MLK Day. Let’s look at King’s
inspirational character, his accomplishments, and the ways in which
he improved our country and our lives.
2
Born on January 15, 1929, King was the third generation of men in his family to graduate with
honor from Morehouse College. He distinguished himself for his academic and theological
excellence at Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania, and then went on to earn his
doctorate from Boston University. He met and married Coretta Scott in Boston, and together
they raised two daughters and two sons. King became the pastor of a Baptist church in
Montgomery, Alabama in 1954.
3
Upset by the unjust way African Americans were treated, King decided to become actively
involved in fighting for their civil rights. He was an executive member of the National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People, often known today by the initials:
NAACP. When Rosa Parks was arrested in 1955 for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white
passenger, King was asked to be the leader of a non-violent bus boycott that lasted 382 days. In
spite of dangerous attacks on his church, his home, and his family, King never lost his faith or
his determination.
Though his home was bombed and he was arrested, he fearlessly led the fight. The boycott was
successful, ending the separation of races on public transportation, and making the whole nation
aware of the need for civil rights reform.
4
Elected as the president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, King used the
peaceful methods of another important human rights activist, Mahatma Gandhi, combined with
his own Christian faith, to promote equal rights for people of all races. He traveled around the
72
country, giving over 2,500 speeches and writing articles and books. He organized opportunities
for African Americans to register to vote.
5
Dr. King’s most famous speech was in front of 250,000 people who gathered after a peaceful
march on Washington, D.C. In his speech, King spoke of his dream that his descendants would
one day live in a world where they would be judged by their accomplishments rather than by the
color of their skin. His inspirational words are still some of the most quoted today. He met with
Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. His work caused him to be arrested by
some, and honored by others. When King was just 35 years old, he was awarded the Nobel
Peace Prize. He donated the money earned from the prize right back into the fight for civil
rights.
6
Had Dr. King been able to live out his full life, there is no doubt he would have continued to be
a force of change for civil rights. Unfortunately, his life was cut short by an assassin’s bullet.
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. died on April 4, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee, where he was
preparing to lead another protest march for the rights of workers who were being treated
unfairly. Each January, we celebrate his birthday in order to honor his dream, and remember all
that he did to protect the rights of the people of the United States.
True False
1. Martin Luther King was born in 1935. _____ _____
2. There’s a special day to honour him in the U.S.A. _____ _____
3. He was married and had four children. _____ _____
4. He fought against white people abuses. _____ _____
5. His family suffered the consequences of his attitude. _____ _____
6. He was elected president of his country. _____ _____
7. He used peaceful methods for human rights. _____ _____
8. Some famous American Presidents met him. _____ _____
9. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. _____ _____
10. He wasted the money from the prize.
4. Complete the statements:
1. In 1954 he became ____________________________________________________
2. He travelled around the country to promote_________________________________
3. His most famous speech inspired _________________________________________
4. He led a non-violent bus boycott protesting for Rosa Parks _____________________
5. He was _________________ and _____________ by many people.
5. Speaking:
1. Do you think the things that Dr. King was fighting for were important? Why, or why
not?
73
2. Would it be fair if your teacher treated people in your classroom with brown eyes
differently than people with blue eyes? Why, or why not?
3. People sometimes still do not get along well because of their differences. Think of a
time that someone was treated unfairly because of their race or culture. What should
have been done differently?
6. Civil Rights Word Search: Find the words in the puzzle below.
R D I O T J Q Q M M D U F E Y Y C S T K O Z H
R J E T H P Q J A Q E V E Q P H T L A L Q W E
I E G Z B P E Y E V T M Y J A I J I H B S O B
J C T N I M O A R U I E B N E U S E L M O V Z
F J M C I N F O D B N P G V S L E A D A L A B
V P Y X A K A B J Z U E A T A N Y F L Z U F N
V J P Y I R R G F V N A I P B T E L V X W Q D
N Z V U E Z A E R Q B C U L I C T V K P W I I
H S K U T Y T H H O E E Z L I Z Q N Z A T E Q
A R Y T G E A K C T E F A V F Q H R I Z E C C
T T O C Y O B S U B U U I N S K R A P A S O R
F R E E D O M C Z D Q L M D W X H C W I V X F
X N Q I Z Z H F T E R P N M Z K C O A P K D W
Z N O N W X D Z L I M R S I H E R T J R I A F
I K A N P E R A G T L O X F T Z A S L U J O X
N B N G N R I H Z L B T U P V R M N T X Y J V
R A O D J C T L R F B E H T V G A S X S D T Q
G K Q E A S C F B T G S W M Y T F M Z Y V K S
T B S R M C Z Y L Y K T B N V S E M R H R L J
H J E C I D U J E R P I A A P J Q G R D G Y Y
A C C O M P L I S H M E N T S O C Z D K C W K
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr Freedom Change

Rosa Parks Prejudice United
Bus boycott Organized Lead
Peaceful protest Justice
Racial equality Dream
Civil rights Character
March Quality
Fair Accomplishments
7. Read the following story, work with your partner to make 10 good questions
about it. Then, answer them:
74
The legend of Manco Capac and Mama Ocllo

1 5
This legend was told by fruits that are in their When they came to the
one of the most important region. Lake, the people who
chronicles of the XVth 3
The Sun god was concern lived around thought that
century, Garcilaso de la about these people, and they were gods, because
Vega, El Inca, who was decided to bring them out of his clothing and
son of a Spanish captain to his sons, Manco Capac jewelry. Days went by
and an Inca princess and Mama Ocllo, who and they could find a
called Chimpu Ocllo. were also husband and good place to found their
Because of that, Garcilaso wife, to civilize these city, but one day they
was able to have many people. Manco Capac came to a place where the
stories and legends from a taught to the men how golden stick sinks, and
very faithful source about live in society and decided to found their
the Inca beginnings and worship the Sun god, and empire.
6
origins. Mama Ocllo taught to the The interpretation that
2
Near to the Titicaca women tasks like textiles follows is that on the
Lake, the people lived and domestics labors. shore of the Titicaca Lake
4
like savages, since they Their father, the Sun god is where the Tiawanako
don’t have any kind of told them that search for a people lived, and they
religious guides that bring fertile and good land to helped to the foundation
them together. They also found the empire, this of the Tahuantinsuyo,
don’t have any kind of land were the region of since both persons,
agricultural techniques the Titicaca Lake, and Manco Capac and Mama
and textile abilities, and gave to Manco Capac a Ocllo came from these
that is the reason why golden stick, the one that lands, and because of that
they were naked, living if it sinks that’s the sign they were the original
on the caves, eating wild of the promise land. descendants of the
animals and eating the Tiawanako people.
1. __________________________________ ___________________________
2. __________________________________ ___________________________
3. __________________________________ ___________________________
4. __________________________________ ___________________________
5. __________________________________ ___________________________
6. __________________________________ ___________________________
7. __________________________________ ___________________________
8. __________________________________ ___________________________
9. _________________________________ ___________________________
10 ________________________________ ___________________________
8. DICTATION: Listen very carefully to the statements and write them out:
1. ____________________________ 2. ____________________________
75
3. ____________________________ 5. ____________________________
4. ____________________________
Simple Past Tense – Practice Review
1. Match the columns and complete the sentences:
1- We bought ____ in a fast food restaurant.
2- It was ____ to the movies.
3- I ate ____ long hair.
4- They went ____ a very good weekend.
5. She had ____ a new house last year.
2. Complete the chart:
PRESENT PAST PRESENT PAST
go do
listened ate
came buy
have met
read work
3. Look at this:
What did you do yesterday? I visited some friends.

Where did you go? I went to the cinema.
What did you see? I saw a science-fiction movie.
Who ate pizza? Elena ate pizza yesterday.
When did you have breakfast? I had breakfast in the morning.
4. Answer on your own:

1. Where did you go last Saturday? ___________________________________
2. When did you have English classes? _______________________________
3. What did you do? ___________________________________
4. Who had lunch with you yesterday? ________________________________
5. Now, make the questions for these answers:
1. _______________________________________? I ate a piece of pie at the party.
2. _______________________________________? She went to Amazonas.
3.____________________________________? They came to Lambayeque last month.
4. ________________________________________? My cousins visited me.
6. Writing: Write a short paragraph about your last vacations. Try to answer these
questions when writing your composition. Where did you go? What did you eat? When
76
did you go there? Who went with you? How long did you stay there? etc. (Use “and”,
and “but” when be necessary)
“My last vacation”
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Relative pronouns: who, that, which
9. Using That, Which, and Who as Relative Pronouns

That, which, and who when used as relative pronouns each has a distinct function.
In modern speech, which refers only to things. Who (or its forms whom and whose)
refers only to people. That normally refers to things but it may refer to a class or type
of person.
 That is a book which I need for the class.
 These are the books that I need for the class.
77
 He is the man who will be teaching the class.

 They are the type of people who would lie to their mothers.
 They are the type of people that would lie to their mothers. (That is OK here
because it is a class or type.)
10. Complete the blanks using Who, That or Which:

1. I talked to the girl _______car had broken down in front of the shop.
2. Mr. Richards, _______is a taxi driver, lives on the corner.
3. We often visit our aunt in Norwich _________ is in East Anglia.
4. This is the girl ________comes from Spain.
5. That's Peter, the boy ________has just arrived at the airport.
6. Thank you very much for your e-mail _______ was very interesting.
7. The man, _________ father is a professor, forgot his umbrella.
8. The children, ________shouted in the street, are not from our classroom.
9. The car, _______ driver is an old man, is from Scotland.
10. What did you do with the money _______your mother lent you?
11. Join the sentences as the example:
Students don’t pay attention. / Students don’t get good grades.
Students who don’t pay attention don’t get good grades.
2. People eat too much candy. / People get sick.
______________________________________________________________________
3. The people stole the money. / The people fought the police.
______________________________________________________________________
4. People are always happy. / People make many friends.
______________________________________________________________________
5. Cats eat too much. / Cats get fat.
______________________________________________________________________
6. Bugs eat animals. / Bugs are interesting.
______________________________________________________________________
7. Walmarts don’t have Japanese music. / Walmarts don’t get Japanese customers.
______________________________________________________________________
8. Cities have subways. / Cities are usually famous.
_____________________________________________________________________
12. Choose the best answer:
78
1. People ________ live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones.

a. who b. which c. that
2. She prefers to watch movies ______ make her cry.
3. He bought all the books ________ are required for the course.
4. The police were able to find no evidence against her, _____ surprised no one who
knows her well.
5. Tatiana Verona's children, ______ all graduated from college, came home for her
eightieth birthday.
6. Predictably, the students _____ did best were not the ones who stayed up all night
studying.
7. She wanted to buy a scarf _______ would complement her blue eyes.
8. The answers, ________ you can find in the back of the book, are sometimes
incorrect.
13. Answer the questions, use the hint for each one:
1. Which dog is sleeping? / (Hint: is wearing a hat)
The dog that is wearing a hat is sleeping._______________________________
2. Which man is smoking? / (Hint: is wearing sunglasses)

______________________________________________________________________
3. Which woman is driving? / (Hint: is eating)
______________________________________________________________________
4. Which boy is running? / (Hint: is playing soccer)
79
______________________________________________________________________
5. Which man is singing? / (Hint: is playing guitar)
______________________________________________________________________
6. Which people are at the beach? / (Hint: are playing volleyball)
______________________________________________________________________
14. Match the sentence halves about Oliver Twist‘s story:

1. Oliver was a poor boy a. that took Mr. Brownlow’s wallet.
2. The Artful Dodger was a thief b. that belonged to Oliver’s mother.
3. Fagin and the Artful Dodger took Oliver to a c. that was in Mr. Brownlow’s house.
house
4. Mr. Brownlow showed Oliver a locket d. that lived in a London workhouse.
5. Oliver looked like the lady in the picture e. that they wanted to rob.
1 - _____ 2 - _______ 3 - _______ 4 - ______ 5 - _______
15. Now, write out the sentences replacing that with who or which.
1. ____________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________________
16. Write five sentences using the relative pronouns: Who, That, Which on your
own:
1. ___________________________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________________________________________
3.4. Describe recent events and experiences:
WONDERFUL PLACES
1. Read the brochure:
SAN ANDRES ISLAND

80
Have you ever visited the most
exotic place in the world?
Have you ever danced raga-raga or
cocktail coco-loco?
Have you heard about the Sea of If your answer is No! We invite you to come
the Seven Colors?
English Book for Postgraduate Studies to San Andres, in the Atlantic Ocean.
It includes: lodging, food and scuba diving
lessons.
You will also have a tour to Jonny Kay, a
beautiful island.
We have a wonderful package tour for you.
Only $200, 5 days and 4 nights.
Go to your nearest travel agency or call

1-800-211-0980
We’re waiting for you!
2. Let’s talk about life experiences.
In pairs, ask your partner these or other questions about life experiences, then
comment to the class.
Answer the questions:
a. Have you ever travelled abroad? __________________________________

b. Have you ever visited this Island? __________________________________
c. What exotic place have you gone to? __________________________________
d. Have you ever eaten ants? __________________________________
e. Have you ever sung in a concert? __________________________________
f. Have you ever ridden on a camel? __________________________________
g. Have you ever traveled in a caballito de totora? _____________________________
h. Have you ever studied Chinese? __________________________________
i. Have you ever read a science fiction book? _________________________________
j. Have you ever written a poem? __________________________________
THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
We use the present perfect tense to express experiences or

actions that started in the past and continue to the present.
A. Unfinished Actions
81
We use this tense when we want to talk about unfinished actions that
started in the past and continue to the present. Usually we use it to
say 'how long' an action or state has continued with 'since' and 'for'.
Often, we use stative verbs in this situation:
 I've known Karen since 1994.
 She's lived in London for three years.
'Since' and 'For'
We use 'since' with a fixed time in the past (2004, April 23rd, last
year, two hours ago). The fixed time can be another action, indicated
with the past simple (since I was at school, since I arrived):
 I've known Sam since 1992.
 I've liked chocolate since I was a child.
 She's been here since 2pm.
We use 'for' with a period of time (2 hours, three years, six months):
 I've known Julie for ten years.
 I've been hungry for hours.
 She's had a cold for a week.
B. Finished Actions
B1: Life experience: (we don't say when the experience happened, just sometime in
the past)
 I have been to Tokyo.
 She has lived in Germany.
 They have visited Paris three times.
 We have never seen that film.
 Have you ever read 'War and Peace'?
B2: A finished action with a result in the present (focus on result)
 I've lost my keys (so I can't get into my house).
 She's hurt her leg (so she can't play tennis today).
 They've missed the bus (so they will be late).
 I've cooked dinner (so you should come and eat).
B3: With an unfinished time word (this month, this week, today, in the last year)
 I haven't seen her this month.
 She's drunk three cups of coffee today.
 This week they've been shopping four times.
Note: We can't use the present perfect with a finished time word:
I've seen him yesterday.
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

82
AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
Subject + have + verb (past participle) + complement

I have traveled to other countries since I was a girl.
She has gone to many places.
INTERROGATIVE FORM:
Have + subject + verb (past participle) + complement?
Have you studied for the exam yet?

Has he already bought his first car?
NEGATIVE FORM:
Subject + have + NOT + verb (past participle) +

complement
I haven’t travelled abroad.

Paul hasn’t lived in Africa.
have + not = haven’t

has + not = hasn’t
Use “have” for I, You, We, They.
Use “has” for He, She, It.
Short answers:
Have you ever travelled abroad? Yes, I have. / No I haven’t.

Has she gotten a good job? Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.
CONTRACTIONS
AFFIRMATIVE FORM NEGATIVE FORM
I have - I’ve I have not – I haven’t

You have – You’ve You have not – You haven’t
He has – He’s He has not – He hasn’t
She has – She’s 83 She has not – She hasn’t
It has – It’s It has not – It hasn’t
We have – We’ve We have not – We haven’t
They have – They’ve
3. Find the past participle of the following verbs and complete the chart.
PRESENT PAST PRESENT PAST

PARTICIPLE PARTICIPLE
Need find
play build
visit eat
enjoy drink
study come
discover make
travel teach
plan read
ask write
dance have
4. Look at the pictures and give logical sentences using the preset perfect tense.
Example:
They have done exercises for two hours.
___________________________________________
a. _________________________________________
b. _________________________________________
c. ________________________________________
d. _________________________________________
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e. _________________________________________
YET – ALREADY
We use already to say something expected did happen.
They have already started to study at school.
Yet means “until now”, and shows that the speaker is expecting
something to happen. Use it only in questions and negative sentences.
Have you mailed the letter yet?
No, I haven’t mailed it yet.
5. Complete the following sentences using yet or already:
a. Have you written the report ______?

b. I haven’t received my mail _______.
c. I have ___________ packed my suitcase.
d. Has she visited her grandparents ______?
e. The secretary has __________ answered the letter.
6. Complete the following text with for, since, yet, or already:
This is Teresa and Kelly, a couple of good friends.

They have ___________ decided to travel to the United
States this holiday.
They have been planning this trip __________ March.
Now, this is the opportunity to do it.
They have called their friends ________ weeks to invite them, but they haven’t caught
them at home__________.
Anyway, they have _____________ prepared some things and activities for their trip.
Good luck, girls!
7. Teresa and Kelly have a list of things they have to do before travelling. Write
down the corresponding activities using the present perfect tense. Remember to
use some time expressions (for, since, yet, already)
TERESA KELLY
Buy a new camera. wash the windows
pay the bills buy an umbrella for the sun
protection
mop the floor get beds made
book the tickets pack the suitcases
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Example:
Teresa has already bought a new camera.
a. ___________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________
c. ____________________________________________________________
d. ____________________________________________________________
e. ____________________________________________________________
f. ____________________________________________________________
g. ____________________________________________________________
h. ____________________________________________________________
8. Let’s play a game!
HAVE YOU EVER EATEN FROG LEGS?
Ask your friends questions starting with “Have you ever...” using the prompts given
and mark  for “yes” and  for “no” in the squares, you can ask to add details to
explain when it happened or how often. Then, you will be able to comment on your
friends’ experiences:
a. been to Spain  b. broken something valuable


c. drunk Tequila  d. visited the Eiffel Tower 
e. eaten snails  f. got a detention 
g. broken a leg or an arm  h. been on TV. 
i. betrayed a secret  j. been deprived of mobile in an office

k. been to Euro Disney  l. stolen in a shop

m. betrayed your best friend  n. slept in classes 
9. Write a list of things that you have already done and things that you haven’t
done yet.
THINGS ALREADY DONE THINGS NOT YET DONE
______________________________ _______________________________
______________________________ _______________________________
______________________________ _______________________________
______________________________ _______________________________
______________________________ _______________________________
______________________________ _______________________________
_____________________ ______________________
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10. Try to find things that you did but your partner didn’t last weekend. You may
use these verbs:
eat – clean – move – sleep – listen – play – buy – watch – visit – kneel – ride
- spill – wake – wear – tear – ride – burn – feed – hide – lend – make – win
- break – spend – swim – read – see -
11. Read the situations and write sentences as shown in the examples.
a. Ike is driving a car but he's very nervous and not sure what to do.
You ask: Have you driven a car before?
He says: No, this is the first time I've driven a car.
b. Jack is playing tennis. He's not very good and he doesn't know the rules.
You ask: Have________________________?
He says: No, this is the first_______________
c. Jacinta is riding a horse. She doesn't look very confident or comfortable.
You ask: ______________________________
She says: ______________________________
d. Macey is in London. She has just arrived and it's very new for her.
You ask: _______________________________
She says: _______________________________
12. A LIFE LINE: Look at the information about Mr. Grandson’s life:
1972 – James is born in Canada

1977 – James and his family move to London.
1989 – James finishes school
1996 – He starts working for Miracle, an American a company
1998 - He is promoted to manager at Miracle
2000 – James meets Karoline.
2004 – James and Karoline get married
2005 – James Jr. is born 87
2010 – He buys a bigger house
2012 – His second child is born
2015 – His first son finishes high school
Now, make sentences about James Grandson’s life up to now. Use the words given:
Example:
James / live/ in London: - James has lived in London for 39 years.
- James has lived in London since 1977
a. James/ finish/ school/ ______________________________________________
b. James/ work / Miracle/ ______________________________________________
c. James / be / manager/ ______________________________________________
d. James / meet / Karoline/ ______________________________________________
e. They / be married/ ______________________________________________
f. James / buy/ bigger house/ ______________________________________________
g. His first son / finish/ high school _________________________________________
13. What about you? Prepare your personal lifeline, give 10 good details
__________________________________ ______________________________
__________________________________ ______________________________
__________________________________ ______________________________
__________________________________ ______________________________
__________________________________ ______________________________
Then make some sentences using the present perfect tense.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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14. Simple Past / Present Perfect
Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate
tenses.
1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars?"

B: I don't know. I ___________________ (see, never) that movie.
2. Sam _____________ (arrive) in San Diego a week ago.
3. My best friend and I ______________ (know) each other for over fifteen years. We
still get together once a week.
4. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He_____________ (write) ten very creative short stories
in the last year. One day, he'll be as famous as Hemingway.
5. I ______________ (have, not) this much fun since I ____________ (be) a kid.
6. Things _______________ (change) a great deal at Coltech, Inc. When we first

__________ (start) working here three years ago, the company _____________ (have,
only) six employees. Since then, we________________ (expand) to include more than
2000 full-time workers.
7. I ____________ (tell) him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he _________
(wander) off into the forest and ______________ (be) bitten by a snake.
8. Listen Donna, I don't care if you _____________ (miss) the bus this morning. You
______________ (be) late to work too many times. You are fired!
9. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he___________
(see, never) the ocean. He should come with us to Miami.
10. How sad! George ___________ (dream) of going to California before he died, but
he didn't make it. He _______________ (see, never) the ocean.
11. In the last hundred years, traveling ______________ (become) much easier and very
comfortable. In the 19th century, it ________________ (take) two or three months to
cross North America by covered wagon. The trip __________ (be) very rough and often
dangerous. Things ___________________ (change) a great deal in the last hundred and
fifty years. Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.
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12. Jonny, I can't believe how much you _________________ (change) since the last
time I ____________ (see) you. You _______________ (grow) at least a foot!
13. This tree ______________ (be) planted by the settlers who ______________
(found) our city over four hundred years ago.
14. This mountain _________________ (be, never) climbed by anyone. Several

mountaineers _________________ (try) to reach the top, but nobody ____________
(succeed, ever). The climb is extremely difficult and many people _____________ (die)
trying to reach the summit.
15. I ______________ (visit, never) Africa, but I _______________ (travel) to South

America several times. The last time I ______________ (go) to South America, I
_______________ (visit) Brazil and Peru. I _____________ (spend) two weeks in the
Amazon, ______________(hike) for a week near Machu Picchu, and _______________
(fly) over the Nazca Lines.
15. Let’s have fun!

LADY (Kenny Rogers)
Listen and complete the blanks. Then, sing along!
Lady, I'm your knight in shining armor and I love you

You 1 ___________ me what I am and I am yours
My love, there's so many ways I want to say I love you
Let me hold you in my arms forever more
You 2__________ and made me such a fool

I'm so lost in your love
And oh, we belong together
Won't you believe in my song?
Lady, for so many years I thought I'd never find you

You 3__________into my life and made me whole
Forever let me wake to see you each and every morning
Let me hear you whisper softly in my ear
In my eyes I see no one else but you

There's no other love like our love
And yes, oh yes, I'll always want you near me
I 4____________for you for so long
Lady, your love's the only love I need

And beside me is where I want you to be
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'Cause, my love, there's somethin' I want you to know

You're the love of my life, you're my lady
16. Practice: Listen to the audio and sing along.
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Module 4: I Follow instructions and understand regulations
4.1. Giving/ following instructions
1. Read the instructions for how to use a washing machine and how to use a
photocopier. What differences can you see?
WASHING MACHINE (Instructions Manual)
1. Put clothes in the

washing machine
2. Put washing
detergent in detergent Module
4: I
compartment. (You can
use liquid or powdered)
3. Add bleach or fabric
softener in the proper
compartment follow
4. Choose programme
5. Choose temperature
type.
instruct according to the fabric
6. Press Start
DO NOT OPEN THE
FUNCTION
ions & DOOR WHILE ON
underst
We use imperatives to give and follow instructions:
Please, write clearly.
Don’t answer the phone. and
regulati PHOTOCOPIER
(Instructions Manual)
ons First, you need to turn on

the photocopier power.
Then you put the face of the paper that you want to copy,
on the screen of the copier. Next, you need to select the
paper size and how many copies you want. After that, you
push the start button and the copier starts working. Finally, you get the papers that you
want.
We can also use modals to give and follow instructions:

You must select the paper size.
You have to press the red button.
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Instructions are given to do one of three things:

1. Tell people what is necessary.
2. Tell people what is wrong.
3. Tell people what is not necessary.
You (don’t) need to…..

You have to….
Some expressions used are:
You must/ mustn’t....
You should/ shouldn’t.....
Examples:
a. You need to turn on the photocopier.
b. You don’t need to boil the water.
c. You have to put the face of the paper that you want to copy.
d. You must push the start button.
e. You mustn’t press the start button twice.
f. You should put the water into the teapot.
g. You shouldn’t get up too early at weekend.
2. Speaking: Work in pairs. Have a driving lesson.

Student A: You are the driving instructor. Give instructions.
Student B: You are learning to drive. Follow the instructions. Act them out.
Drive forwards. Reverse. Go slowly. Go faster. Slow down. Stop! Turn left.
Turn right. Reverse to the left. Reverse to the right. Turn round. Do a U-
turn. To the left. To the right.
Turn round= do a U-turn
2. Now, do the same using modals.
4.2. Expressing advice and obligation:
We can use modals to express advice and obligation:

You should visit the doctor. (Advice)
You must study for the exam. (Obligation)
1. Match the columns:
a. I’m getting overweight. 1. You should start a diet.
b. I would like to start exercising. 2. You should drink more water.

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c. I want to stop eating fattening 3. You should cut down and then
food. stop eating fats.
d. I can’t resist drinking soda. 4. You should exercise, so your

clothes will fit you.
e. I can’t fit in my casual clothing. 5. You should join a gym.
2. Look and study this chart:
SHOULD MUST HAVE TO

It expresses advices. It expresses strong It expresses obligation and it
obligation. is the most common
Commonly used in writing expression in everyday use.
AFFIRMATIVE including official forms,
I / You signs, and notices. AFFIRMATIVE
He / She/ It should lose AFFIRMATIVE
weight. I / You I / You/ We have to fill in a
We / They He / She/ It must see the form.
doctor. He / She/ It has to come
INTERROGATIVE We / They soon.
What should he do?
Should I go to the INTERROGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
doctor? We usually use have to Does she have to buy a pair
(not must) in questions. of tennis shoes?
NEGATIVE What do I have to do?
You should not eat
candy. NEGATIVE NEGATIVE
should + not = You mustn’t smoke. She doesn’t have to bring
shouldn’t You must not cross the special clothes.
street when the lights is
red.
Must + not = mustn’t
It expresses prohibition:
You must not drive
without a license.
3. Peter went to the doctor because he was feeling sick. Read the conversation
and complete the chart:
Patient: Good morning, sir.

Doctor: Good morning, Peter. How are you?
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Patient: Well, not so well. I am having a big problem with my sleeping. I go to bed at
10:00 p.m. and I watch TV until 12.00 p.m., then I fall sleep and wake up at 3.00 a.m.,
so early in the morning, and I can’t get to sleep again until 5.00 or 5.30 a.m. and I must
get up at 6.00 a.m. to go to work, but I can’t. Then, I get up at 7.00 a.m. and I arrive late
at work. I feel tired all day. So, I take a two-hour nap after lunch and I am ready to
work.
Doctor: How many meals do you have each day?
Patient: I have breakfast, lunch and dinner. The last is the most important one.
Doctor: Why?
Patient: Because it is the biggest and I have it at 10.00 p.m. while I am watching TV.
Doctor: Well, you must stop taking naps after lunch and having dinner at 10.00 p.m.
You have to exercise 2 or 3 times a week. You should have dinner around 7:00 or 8.00
p.m. You should get up at 6.00 o’clock every day. You have to do some relaxing
exercises before you go to bed. And you must eat a light dinner at night. With these
recommendations, I think you will be OK.
Patient: Oh, thank you doctor. I have to go home now to take a nap because I’m feeling
tired.
Patient’s Activities he Food he Time to get Recommendations
problem should stop should eat up
doing
4. Imagine you’re a doctor. These people need help. Tell them what to do. Use
“should”, “shouldn’t”, “must”, “mustn’t”, “have to” or “don’t have to”
depending on the situation.
a.
I’m really You should go on a

overweight! diet right now!
b.
b. It’s too much

work for me!
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c.
c. I have a headache!
d.
d. My son has
temperature!
Oh, it hurts so
e. much!
5. Write some of the obligations a student needs to follow in order to succeed.

Use “must”, “mustn’t” “have to” or “don’t have to”:
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
4.3. The house: Study the pictures and learn the new words:
1. Parts of the house: Look at the picture, practice the pronunciation of these
words:
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2. Inside the house:
Bedroom: Kitchen: Living room:

air conditioner bed cupboard dishes
blankets cupboard dishwasher fridge/ arm chairs
hanger heater coffee table
refrigerator garbage
lamp light bulb fireplace
mattress pillow microwave oven heater
slippers towel stove counter lamps
window dresser shelves freezer sofa/ couch
entertainment center
Bathroom: Study room:
bathtub cupboard Cleaning Supplies
bath towel faucet/ tab baking soda bleach
air conditioner bin
mirror shampoo broom carpet cleaner
shower sink chair desk deodorizer dust pan
soap keyboard metal dishwashing detergent
toilet curtains duster garbage or
Dining room: mouse papers trash bag
Table plug screen gloves hose
chairs bookshelf laundry -detergent
tissue mop recycling bin
Washing room:
bottle scrub brush sponge
cup fabric softener ironing table stain remover
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water dispenser/ machine laundry soap vacuum cleaner

pictures/ paintings washing machine
iron dryer
Parts of the house

Description
a. Attic 1. Room filled with toys; books and
games; indoor area for kids to play.
b. Bathroom/ washroom 2. Long narrow area that joins one room
to another.
c. Basement 3. Outdoor area in front or backyard;
usually sits slightly off the ground;
often made of wood.
d. Bedroom 4. Room where people sleep.
e. Dining room 5. Ara in the front entrance for hanging

coats and placing shoes.
f. Hallway 6. Room for bathing and using the
toilet.
g. Kitchen 7. The lowest level of the house.
h. Living room 8. Storage room at the very top of the

house.
i. Lobby 9. Room for baby or young child.
j. Main bedroom/ Master 10. Place for preparing food; sometimes

bedroom has a table and chairs for eating
informal meals.
k. Patio 11. Room with a table and chairs for
eating; in some houses this room is
only used on special occasions.
l. Nursery 12. Room where people work or study
at home.
m. Playroom 13. The largest bedroom in the house;

used by parents.
n. Study 14. Place where family spends leisure
time; often has a TV, also used for
entertaining.
4. Vocabulary: Home duties:

cleaning the bedroom – cleaning the windows – cooking – doing the laundry –
dusting – hanging the clothes – ironing – making the bed – mowing the lawn -
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putting away the toys – setting the table – sweeping the floor – taking out the trash –
vacuuming - washing the dishes
5. Listen and repeat the expressions about household chores:
6. Speaking: Talk with your partner: Which of these house

chores do you have to do every day? Which one should you do?
Which ones you don’t have to do? Then, make a brief report
about your partner’s obligations at home.
7. How much do you know about housekeeping? Read the question and choose the
best option:
1. Which of the following is NOT used for cleaning floors?

a. a broom b. a dustpan c. a dishwasher
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2. Deodorizer is used to...

a. remove stains b. remove smells c. wash windows
3. A garbage bag goes inside a garbage...

a. a bin b. a detergent c. a hose
4. To fry eggs you would use a...
a. a stove b. a dishwasher c. a vacuum
5. The opposite of messy is...
a. dirty b. tidy c. messy
6. If the toilet water won't go down the drain, the drain is...
a. clogged b. plagued c. bagged
7. Polishing the floors makes them...
a. shiny b. dusty c. organized
8. A pillow goes into a pillow...
a. bag b. towel c. case
9. After the laundry is done, you need to hang or_________ the clothes.
a. stain b. rinse c. fold
10. The largest type of bed sheet is a...
a. single b. queen c. king
5. The Human Body and the Health:
1. Listen and practice:
2. Parts of the head:
Eyebrows
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3. PARTS OF THE BODY : match the words and pictures
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
mouth – moustache – lips – liver –trunk – palm –limbs – teeth – neck – head – lungs-
tongue
4. Multiple choice: circle the correct answer
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5. Match the pictures and the words:
6. Health Problems
1. Match the pictures with the words:
Fever - stomach ache – backache – sore throat – cold – tooth ache – head ache
1 2
3 4
6 7
5
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2. Use the pictures in activity 1, to ask and answer questions as the model. Work
in pairs.
Example: 1. What’s the matter with her? - She has a sore throat.
1. Sore a. ache
2. Chest b. leg
3. Broken c. rash
4. Sprained d. cough
5. Bad e. throat
6. Stomach f. ankle
7. Itchy g. infection
8. Runny h. nose
4. Practice the pronunciation of the words in the box. Can you complete the
chart below?
5.
Arm – aspirin – back – cold – cough - cough mixture – dizzy – faint – feverish – finger
– foot – hand – headache – ill – leg – pill – shot – sick - sore throat - stomach ache –
temperature – tired - toe
ILLNESS PART OF THE MEDICINE HOW YOU FEEL
BODY
6. Look at these dialogues:
1. A: What’s the matter with you? Practice using these expressions:

B: I don’t feel well. I don’t feel well.
A: Oh, I’m sorry. I have a pain on my leg.
I’ve got a toothache.
2. A: My back hurts. My back hurts.
B: What a pity! I have temperature.
I feel dizzy.
3. A: I feel dizzy.
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B: Oh, dear!
7. These people need your help. Give suggestions to these problems:

a) I have a headache. You should take an aspirin.
b) I have a cough. Why don’t you stop smoking?
c) I have a cold. You _____________________________________
d) I have temperature. _________________________________________
e) I have a toothache. _________________________________________
f) I’m overweight. _________________________________________
g) I have a stomachache. _________________________________________
h) I feel faint. _________________________________________
i) I feel tired. _________________________________________
Stop smoking – lie down – stay in bed – go to the dentist – get some exercise – drink a lot
of water – eat nothing for 24 hours – take an aspirin – take a nap
8. Think about you and your health! Answer these questions on your own:
1. Do you like doing exercises? ___________________________________
2. How often do you do exercises? ___________________________________
3. Do you like eating vegetables and fruit? _____________________________
4. How often do you eat fast food? ___________________________________
5. How many hours do you sleep? ___________________________________
6. How many meals do you have a day? _______________________________
7. How tall are you? ___________________________________
8. How much do you weigh? ___________________________________
9. How often do you have a physical check-up? _________________________
10. Do you take vitamins every day? ___________________________________
8. Reading: Your guide to flu prevention:

The flu (also known as influenza) is an
infectious disease of the nose, throat and
lungs. It is a common illness, but it can
be dangerous for some people.
How can I prevent the flu?
 Stay away from people who are
sick.
 Wash your hands regularly.
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 Don’t touch your eyes, nose or mouth if you haven’t washed your hands.
 Get plenty food, of sleep, do regular exercise, drink lots of water, eat healthy
food.
 Get a flu vaccination every year if you, or someone you live with, fits into one
of the following at risk groups:
 Children aged 6 to 23 months.
 people who have long-term health problems (such as diabetes, heart disease,
or asthma)
 Women who are pregnant.
 People who are over 60 years old, even if they are in good health.
How can I tell if I have the flu? What should I do if I have the flu?
You may have the flu if you have the  Stay at home and rest.
following symptoms:  Drink lots of water.
 Sudden fever  Take pain killers to help with
 Feeling cold aches and pains.
 Feeling very tired  Take a flu medicine from the
 Headache pharmacy*.
 Dry cough  Don’t take any antibiotics. They
 Sore throat don’t work against the flu!
 Stomach ache
* Talk to your doctor before you give
 Runny nose
any flu medicine to a child under 6
years of age.
When should I see a doctor? AT RISK? GET YOUR FLU SHOT!

 Your fever lasts more than 2
days.
Anny is Luis 65
 You have difficulty breathing. going to years old
have a baby
 Your illness lasts more than
ten days. Silvia Mike is
has eight
diabetes months
old
9. Answer these questions:
1. Fernando has the flu. What should he do?

a. drink lots of water b. take antibiotics c. get a flu shot d. exercise
105
2. The purpose of this factsheet is to:

a. sell something b. make you laugh c. give advice d. tell a story
3. The word vaccination in the section titled “How can I prevent the flu?” probably
means:
a. something that causes the flu b. a part of the body
c. a disease similar to diabetes or asthma d. something that prevents the flu
4. Which of the following ages are in an “at risk” group?
a. 1 year old b. 6 years old c. 20 years old d. 50 years old
5. Which of these are all signs that you may have the flu?
a. difficulty breathing, no fever b. headache, very tired, thirsty
c. fever, headache, sore throat d. tired, asthma, runny nose
10. Talking to Your Doctor: Read a conversation between a patient and a doctor.
Sonia does not feel well and goes to see the doctor.
Dr. Smith: Hello, Sonia. How are you feeling today?
Sasha: I don’t feel well.
Dr. Smith: What’s wrong? Can you tell me how you feel?
Sasha: Well, I have a terrible headache.
Dr. Smith: Hmm…Anything else? Does your throat hurt?
Sasha: Yes, it hurts a little. I have a cough too.
Dr. Smith: Do you have a fever?
Sasha: Yes, I have a low fever.
Dr. Smith: It sounds like you may have the flu.
Sasha: Oh, that’s terrible.
Dr. Smith: Don’t worry. I will give you some medicine and you will feel better soon.
Sasha: Okay. Can I go to work tomorrow?
Dr. Smith: No. Stay home tomorrow, get some rest, and drink plenty of juice and
water.
Sasha: Thank you, Doctor.
Dr. Smith: Okay, take care of yourself and I hope you feel better soon.
Answer the questions.
1. How does Sonia feel today? ___________________________________

2. What are her symptoms? ___________________________________
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3. What kind of illness does she have? ___________________________________

4. What does the doctor tell her? ___________________________________
11. Listen to the conversations and number the pictures from one to six:
What’s the matter?
This person needs some This person has a This person can’t dance
ketchup backache very well.
This person feels sad. This1 person is going2 to This person has the flu.
ride a horse
3
12. S O R E Complete
the
4
crossword:
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ACROSS:
3. My throat has been very _____ since Tuesday.
4. I haven’t been able to eat since yesterday. I feel______.
6. I’ve had a _______ neck for a week.
DOWN:
1. I’ve had a high ________ for 24 hours.
2. My children have had little red spots all over their bodies
for two days. They have the________.
5. I’ve been ______ since I fell down and hurt my head.
7. Talking about the future:

1. Read the conversation and answer the questions:
John and his friend Marcos are talking about their next weekend:
Marcos: Hey John! What are you going to
do next weekend?
John: Well, some relatives are going to
come from Lima. My uncle Ricardo,
my aunt Cecilia and my cousin
Rosaura are going to visit Chiclayo
for the first time.
Marcos: Really? So where are you going to
go with them?
John: We are going to visit the Tombs of the Lord of Sipan, we are going to make a
city tour, and we are going to eat to some good restaurant.
Marcos: Oh, that sounds good!
John: Yes, we will go to the Main Square, and maybe we will buy some souvenirs for
their friends. Then we are going to meet some friends at a party on Saturday
evening. It will be a surprise party for them.
Marcos: Oh! You definitely are going to have a great weekend!
John: Oh yeah! I will!
1. Who are talking in the conversation? _______________________________
2. Who are going to come to visit John? _______________________________
3. What places are they going to visit? ________________________________
4. When are they coming? ________________________________
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5. When is the party going to take place? ________________________________
“Be” + “going to” is used to express future plans.
Use “Be going to”; when you have already decided what to do. You have the intention to
do something.
2. Now, answer the questions about you:
1. What are you going to do on Saturday night? ____________________________

2. What are you going to do on Monday morning? ____________________________
3. Where are you going to travel next holiday? ____________________________
4. What are you going to wear on Sunday? ___________________________
5. Are you going to watch TV in the morning? ____________________________
3. Put the words in order and write the questions:

1. do – to – birthday – for – your – what – you – going – are -
______________________________________________________________
2. Going – to – is – your – father – next - visit – month - you - ?
_____________________________________________________________
3. to – come – are – going – we – Trujillo - to – not –
______________________________________________________________
4. shower – to – going – he – take – is – in the evening – a -
______________________________________________________________
5. Have – when – you – are – party – the – to – going?
______________________________________________________________
4. Stars – Horoscope!
Read the text. Find the following information:
What are the signs of people with birthdays on?
a) December 5th ___________________ c) October 27th ___________________

b) March 12th _____________________ d) May 22nd _____________________
ARIES (March 21-April 19) You will make an important decision. Think on that.
TAURUS: (April 20-May 21) You will find a new job or a promotion if you have one.
Wait! Don’t be impatient. Just wait!
GEMINI (May 21-June 21) You will be brilliant at work. Impress everybody!
CANCER (June 22-July 22) You will be mad at one friend. Try to understand
him/her.
LEO (July 23-Aug. 22) You have been waiting for this special date. A person will call
you. Don’t be nervous.
109
VIRGO (Aug. 23-Sept. 22) You will be too distracted. Wake up!
LIBRA (Sept. 23-Oct. 23) You will be full of energy. A good day to do some sports!
SCORPIO (Oct. 24-Nov. 21) You know what activities bring you joy. So why aren't
you doing them? Stop putting everyone else before yourself.
SAGITTARIUS (Nov. 22-Dec. 21) A long-term relationship is in danger of getting
very boring. Inject some spice, even if you have to invent it.
CAPRICORN (Dec. 22-Jan. 19) All of the problems of the past and your worries
about the future will disappear. You will meet an interesting person.
AQUARIUS (Jan. 20-Feb. 18) Congratulations, this makes you officially the most
popular person in the room because everyone wants to be around the rebellious fun one.
PISCES (Feb. 19-March 20) You have been ultra-responsible for a few days past the
advised limit of ultra-responsibility. Take it easy.
5. Answer the questions:
a) Who is a full of energy person? __________________________________
b) Who will be happy today? __________________________________
c) Who will be very absent- minded? __________________________________
d) Who will have an appointment? __________________________________
e) Who will receive a phone call? __________________________________
f) Will people live on Mars in 2140? __________________________________
g) What will you do next Sunday? __________________________________
h) What will the weather like next Tuesday? __________________________________
6. The meaning of "will" future forms: "Will" is usually used in three situations:
SITUATION EXAMPLE
Volunteering to do something "Will someone open the window for me?"

"I'll do it!"
Deciding to do something "I've made up my mind. I'll go to Whistler for my
vacation."
Forcing someone to do "Dad, I don't want to clean my room!"
something. "You'll do it, and you'll do it NOW!"
7. Complete the sentences with the correct future form:
a. That girl hasn’t studied for her exams. She isn’t prepared. She’s making a lot of
mistakes. She ________________________ 1 (fail).
b. I don’t know what time my neighbor has to get to his office but I think he
____________________2 (probably -not get) there on time.
110
c. I haven’t practiced enough for the Talent Show but I__________________ 3 (sing)
my song again now. My friends _______________________4 (be) proud of me. I
_____________5 (win) the first prize.
d. _______________________ 6 (you- help) me do sit-ups?
I’m too tired. I think our workout _________________7 (be) hard today. I’m sure
it____________________ 8 (not be)
e. I_____-___________________9 (live) in Paris next year but I
_________________10 (phone) you every week.
f. I’ve bought the tickets. We_____________ 11(see) a rock concert together before you
move to Paris.
g. Mum, I ___________________12 (wash) your car. Later, I__________________13
(clean) the kitchen. Thank you. I’ve just decided that I_________________14 (bake) us
an apple pie for dessert.
7. Look at the pictures below and make predictions about John Smith:
1._____________________________________________________________________
2.
_____________________________________________________________________
3.
_____________________________________________________________________
4.
_____________________________________________________________________
5.
_____________________________________________________________________
6.
_____________________________________________________________________
8. This is the life map of Frederic Posada. Read it very careful.
HIS PAST:
1965 born in United States of America

1969 go to the Kindergarten next to his house
1972 meet a new girl and became very close friends
1975 travel with his parents to Venezuela
1981 finish studies in a High school in Venezuela
1982 come back his hometown
1983 start studies in the University of Yale
1990 meet his best friend and decided to marry her
1997 have his first son
HIS PRESENT:
111
 Manage a big company

 Travel all over the world
HIS FUTURE:
 Manage a chain of big companies around the world.

 Have a big family.
9. Write sentences about Frederic Posada’s life. Use past, present and future
tenses.
He is now 50. Complete his timeline using complete sentences.
50
HIS PAST HIS FUTURE

2016
HIS PAST:
a. Frederic Posada was born in The United States in 1965.
b.__________________________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________________________
d. ___________________________________________________________________
e.____________________________________________________________________
f.___________________________________________________________________
g.___________________________________________________________________
h.___________________________________________________________________
i.____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
HIS PRESENT:
a. ___________________________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________________________
112
HIS FUTURE:
a._____________________________________________________________________
b.____________________________________________________________________
8. Inviting, accepting, and refusing an invitation.
A very special date
1. Listen to the dialogue:
Antonio: Hello, this is Antonio Gamarra. May I speak to Cecilia, please?

Cecilia: Hi, Antonio. This is Cecilia.
Antonio: Cecilia, how are you?
Cecilia: Fine, thank you. And, how are you?
Antonio: Fine, thank you. I wonder if you are free this
evening.
Cecilia: I have classes from five to seven, and then I’m free. Why?
Antonio: Well, I’m thinking about eating out together, Will you?
Cecilia: Oh, That will be wonderful.
Antonio: So, I’ll pick you up at about 8:00 p.m. Is it OK?
Cecilia: Sure! Albert’s Restaurant
Antonio: See you then. Bye. First Course:

Chicken soup / Mushroom soup
Cecilia: Bye, Antonio.
Second Course:
Rice / Pasta
Look at the menu, then listen, and complete the dialogue: Third Course:
Fish / steak/ chicken
Drinks:
113
Waiter: Good evening. Can I help you?

Antonio: Yes, please.
(Addressing to Cecilia)
Antonio Would you like chicken or mushroom soup?
Cecilia: I’ll have _______ soup.
Antonio: I’ll have _______ soup. And then I want _________.
Cecilia: Yes, I think I’ll have________, too.
Antonio: And for my third course, ________.
Cecilia: I don’t like _______ so much, so I think I’ll have ________ instead.
Antonio: Please, bring me _______ and for the lady…
Cecilia: I’d like ________ as well.
2. Complete the chart:
DISHES ANTONIO CECILIA

FIRST COURSE
SECOND COURSE
THIRD COURSE
DRINK
3. Answer these questions:

1. Who invites Cecilia to dinner out? ______________________________
2. Is she free this evening? ______________________________
3. Where are they going? ______________________________
4. What time is the appointment? ______________________________
5. Is the restaurant a small one or a big one? ___________________________
6. How many options are for the third course? __________________________
7. Does Cecilia like steak? ______________________________
8. What does she prefer to eat? _________________________________
4. Practice these short dialogues:

1. Mark: Let’s go on a picnic. 3. Santiago: I wonder if you have time on
Paul: Sure. Sunday.
114
Maria: Yes, I’m free. Why?

Santiago: What about going to visit John?
Maria: Certainly.
2. Charles: Let’s go to the cinema.
Teresa: Oh, I’m sorry, I can’t. 4. Paul: Would you like eating pizza this
I have to study for the evening?
exam. Adela: Mm… I don’t like pizza so much.
What about having “anticuchos”?
Paul: Of course. See you then!
5. Accepting and refusing an invitation:
Accepting and refusing politely may depend on what you

are asked.
1. Read the examples, then practice the expressions:
 Okay. Sounds good.

Would you I’d better  No, I'd rather not.
like to go see not.
Thanks.  Sure, I'd love to.
a movie?
anyway.  I'm sorry, but I can't.
 Yeah. Good idea
 No, but thanks for inviting me.
 Yes, please.
 No, thank you Would you like
some cake?
 Sure. Thanks
 Okay. Thank you
Yes, please
 No, but thanks for offering
How about some more pie? How about going skiing this weekend?
115
 All right. Thanks Great. What time?

 No, thanks Sorry. I'm busy this weekend.
 Looks good. Thanks Sounds like fun.
 I'm really full, Thanks anyway. I don't think I can.
 Don't mind if I do. All right. When and where?
 Looks delicious, but I'll have to pass. How about some other time?
9. Making statements about real world, suggesting hypotheses
1. Zero Conditional:
This kind of conditional is used for certainty. When the condition and the result will
always happen. Examples: scientific facts, and general truths, things which always
happen under certain conditions.
If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils.
If people eat too much, they get fat.
People die if they don’t eat.
You get water if you mix hydrogen and

oxygen.
If babies are hungry, they cry.
IF CONDITION RESULT
Present Simple Present Simple
If you heat ice, it melts.
If clause Main clause
116
We make a zero conditional sentence with two present simple verbs, one in the
“if” clause and one in the “main clause”.
2. Practice: Complete the sentences using the zero conditional:

1. If I ________ (wake up) late, I _______ (be) late for work.
2. If Julie ___________ (not/wear) a hat, she ________ (get) sunstroke.
3. If children ___________ (not/eat) well, they _________ (not/be) healthy.
4. If you ___________ (smoke), you __________ (get) yellow fingers.
5. If children ______________ (play) outside, they __________ (not/get) overweight.
6. If you ______________ (heat) ice, it ____________ (melt).
7. I _______________ (feel) good the next day if I __________ (go) to bed early.
8. Lots of people ___________ (come) if Jenny ______________ (have) a party.
9. She _____________ (buy) expensive clothes if she _____________ (go) shopping.
10. My daughter _____________ (pass) her exams if she ______________ (work)
hard.
3. Complete the sentences with the verb in brackets. Use contractions where
possible:
a. If you press that button, the light ___________ (turn) on.
b. It’s easier to sleep if ________ you (not/ be) stressed.
c. The teacher gets angry if __________ we (not work) hard.
d. If I ___________ (go) on a boat, I always feel sick.
e. His mother gets annoyed if he _________ (be) late.
f. If you ______________ (not/ know) a word, you look in your dictionary.
g. They won’t play football if they __________ (not/ have) any homework.
h. If you freeze water, it ____________ (turn) to ice.
4. First conditional:
We use the first conditional for real possibility. We are talking about a particular
condition or situation in the future and the result of this
condition.
If I see Mary, I will tell her.
If they do not pass their exams, their teacher will be sad.
He will invite Tania if she is free tomorrow.
117
if CONDITION RESULT
Present Simple will + base verb
If it rains tomorrow, I will be at home all day.
We make a first conditional sentence with a verb in simple present in the “if”
clause and will + the verb in the “main clause”.
Sometimes we use shall, can or may instead of

will.
Examples: If it’s sunny this afternoon, we can play
tennis.
5. Practice:
a. If I ______ (go) out tonight, I ________ (go) to the cinema.
b. If you ________ (get) back late, I ________ (be) angry.
c. If we _______ (not/ see) each other tomorrow, we ______ (see) each other next week.
d. If he _______ (come), I _______ (be) surprised.
e. If we ______ (wait) here, we ______ (be) late.
f. If we _______ (go) on holiday this summer, we _______ (go) to Spain.
g. If the weather ____________ (not / improve), we __________ (not/ have) a picnic.
h. She _________ (stay) in London, if she ________ (get) a job.
i. If you _______ (help) me with my homework, I ___________ (finish) it in time to go

to the cinema.
j. If it _________ (not/ rain), the students __________ (practice) sports in the

playground.
7. Second Conditional:
We use the second conditional to express unreal possibility. We are still thinking about
the future, we are thinking about a particular condition in the future, and the result of
this condition. But there is not a real possibility that this condition will happen.
118
If I married Mary, I would be happy.
If Richard became rich, she would marry him.
If it snowed next July, would you be surprised?
If it snowed next July, what would you do?
If I won the lottery, I would buy a car.
I
F CONDITION RESULT
would + base
Past Simple verb
If I won the lottery, I would buy a car.
We make a second conditional sentence with a verb in simple past in the “if”
clause and would + the verb in the “main clause”.
8. Practice: Complete the blanks using the correct form of the verbs for the second
conditional:
1. If I ________ (be) you, I _________ (get) a new job.
2. If he _________ (be) younger, he ________ (travel) more.
3. If we ________ (not be) friends, I _________ (be) angry with you.
4. If I ___________ (have) enough money, I _______ (buy) a big house.
5. If she _________ (not/ be) always so late, she _______ (be) promoted.
6. If we __________ (win) the lottery, we ________ (travel) the world.
7. If you __________ (have) a better job, we _______ (be) able to buy a new car.
8. If I _________ (speak) perfect English, I ________ (have) a good job.
9. If we ________ (live) in Moscow, I _________ (speak) Russian.
10. If she _________ pass the exam, she _________ (be) able to enter university.
9. Listen and complete the song. Use the correct form of verbs for the
second conditional.
The Second Conditional Song

119
If you _______ here, I ______________ you (Be – kiss)
If you _______ here, I ______________ you. (Be - miss)
If you _________, I ______________ (Be – smile)
If you were here, I _____________ a mile. (Be – run)
But you _______ not, you _______ far away (Be – be)
And in the spot I cry all day.
If you __________ a drink, I ____________ it, (Want – buy)
If you ________ some coffee, I __________ it, (Spill – dry)
If you _________ sad, I __________ you laugh, (Feel – make)
If you _________ here, the fun ____________. (Be – start)
But you _______ not, you _______ far away (Be – be)
And in the spot I cry all day.
If you were here, I would kiss you...
LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS
Indicative Simple Past Past Participle

Arise arose arisen
Awake awoke awoken
Be was, were been
Beat beat beaten
Become became become
Begin began begun
Bend bent bent
Bet bet bet
Bind bound bound
Bite bit bitten
Bleed bled bled
Blow blew blown
Break broke broken
Breed bred bred
Bring brought brought
Build built built
Burn burned / burnt burned / burnt
Buy bought bought
Catch caught caught
Choose chose chosen
120
Cling clung clung

Come came come
Cost cost cost
Creep crept crept
Cut cut cut
Deal dealt dealt
Dig dug dug
Dive dove dived
Do did done
Draw drew drawn
Dream dreamed / dreamt dreamed/ dreamt
Drink drank drunk
Drive drove driven
Eat ate eaten
Fall fell fallen
Feed fed fed
Feel felt felt
Fight fought fought
Find found found
Fit fitted fitted
Fly flew flown
Forbid forbade forbidden
Forecast forecast forecast
Foresee foresaw foreseen
Foretell foretold foretold
Forget forgot forgotten
Forgive forgave forgiven
Forsake forsook forsaken
Freeze froze frozen
Get got gotten
Give gave given
Go went gone
Grow grew grown
Hang hung hung
Have had had
Hear heard heard
Hide hid hidden
Hit hit hit
Hold held held
Hurt hurt hurt
Keep kept kept
Kneel knelt knelt
Know knew known
Lay laid laid
121
Lead led led

Learn learned / learnt learned / learnt
Leave left left
Lend lent lent
Let let let
Lie lay lain
Lie lied lied
Light lit lit
Lose lost lost
Make made made
Mean meant meant
Meet met met
Mistake mistook mistaken
Misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood
Mow mowed mowed / mown
Overcome overcame overcome
Overdo overdid overdone
Overdraw overdrew overdrawn
Pay paid paid
Prepay prepaid prepaid
Put put put
Read read read
Rewind rewound rewound
Ride rode ridden
Ring rang rung
Rise rose risen
Run ran run
Say said said
See saw seen
Seek sought sought
Sell sold sold
Send sent sent
Shake shook shaken
Shave shaved shaved / shaven
Shoot shot shot
Shrink shrank / shrunk shrunk
Shut shut shut
Sing sang sung
Sink sank sunk
Sit sat sat
Sleep slept slept
Slide slid slid
Smell smelled / smelt smelled / smelt
Sow sowed sown / sowed
122
Speak spoke spoken

Spell spelled / spelt spelled / spelt
Spend spent spent
Stand stood stood
Steal stole stolen
Sweep swept swept
Swim swam swum
Take took taken
Teach taught taught
Tell told told
Think thought thought
Throw threw thrown
Understand understood understood
Upset upset upset
Wake up woke woken
Wear wore worn
Win won won
Withdraw withdrew withdrawn
Withhold withheld withheld
Withstand withstood withstood
Write wrote written
123

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UNIDAD DE IDIOMAS

English Book for

NEW OPPORTUNITIES…. NEW CHALLENGES…

Module 1: Describe and Compare People, Objects and Places.

2. Take roles and read the dialogues aloud.

7. Reading: Read the article and find the following.

Business and food

8. Read the article again. Are these statements true or false?

9. Complete the conversation with your personal information.

Where’s Trisha from?

Where’s Duncan from? Where’s Estela from?

12. Complete the conversation with correct form of to be.

13. Correct the mistakes in these sentences.

14. Listen and answer the questions.

1. We use _______ before words that start with a consonant sound.

17. Listen to three conversations. Are these statements true or false?

First name: _____________________ Surname: _____________________

22. Writing: Write sentences about these people.

Maximo San Roman

25. Question words: study the examples.

Subject pronoun Possessive adjectives

28. Complete the sentences with a possessive adjective.

1.2 Describing People.

2. Hairstyle, colour and special features: read the tables.

5. Read the article. Which paragraph is about Maria’s feelings towards

7. Character: Listen and Repeat

1. My sister is generous. She likes giving things to others.

and, also, as well as but, although

a. She is reliable. She can be forgetful at times.

5. I had a long boring boat journey. (Size, quality, type)

good → ______________, bad → ______________, far → further/farther,

Big – warm – cheap – low – easy – popular - interesting

1. cooler: __________ 5. higher: __________

1. In terms of size, Ireland is ____________ _____________ Spain.

18. Superlatives : Listen to a telephone conversation between Mike and

most comfortable – easiest – best – quickest - nearest

a. OK, what’s the ________________ way to the factory?

remain popular locations with

The Henley The Swan

1. The Swan / old / the Henley

25. Listen and read the dialogue.

Module 2: Describe now and daily actions.

 fast food restaurant  grocery store

2. In which of these stores can you eat/ drink/order/buy…

3. Look at the map and find the store.

There’s a printer under my chair.

4. Label the pictures with the words in the box.

on – next to – in – opposite – behind – under

1. _____ 2. _______ 3. _______ 4. ______

5. ________ 6. _______ 7. _______ 8. ______

9. _____ 10. _______ 11. _______ 12. _____ 13. ____

1. There are four people _______________the open green car.

 vase/table  sofa/armchair  coffee table/fireplace

7. Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.

1. The cat is _________ the table. 7. The switch is ________ the

2.2 A place to work.

1. Label the offices with the words in the box.

modern open-plan sharedtraditional

9. Read the article and answer the questions.

10. Which kind of worker are you – a “filer” or a “piler”?

13. Choose There is or There are to complete the sentences.

2. Look! ______________a photograph of your brother in the newspaper?

Nottingham 5___________good restaurants in

First name: _ Surname: _

good → , bad → , far → further/farther,

1. cooler: 5. higher:

1. In terms of size, Ireland is _ Spain.

1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. __

5. ____ 6. _ 7. _ 8. __

9. _ 10. _ 11. ___ 12. _ 13. __

1. The cat is _ the table. 7. The switch is the

Next, I 5. the newspaper or 6. ___ TV. After that,