CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter covers the research design of the study, the

locale and the population, the research instrument and the statistical

treatment of the data through Descriptive Quantitative approach to

examine the (YOUR TOPIC) of the students in a sampled private

senior high school institution in Caloocan City.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The researcher will be Descriptive research that is often used

as a pre-cursor to quantitative research designs, the general

overview giving some valuable pointers as to what variables are

worth testing quantitatively. Quantitative experiments are often

expensive and time-consuming so it is often good sense to get an

idea of what hypotheses are worth testing to arrive at expected

outcome of the study. Descriptive research is research used to

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“describe” a situation, subject, behavior, or phenomenon. It is used

to answer questions of who, what, when, where, and how

associated with a particular research question or problem.

Descriptive studies are often described as studies that are concerned

with finding out “what is”. It attempts to gather quantifiable

information that can be used to statistically analyze a target

audience or a particular subject (Bernard & Bernard, 2012).

Description research is used to observe and describe a research

subject or problem without influencing or manipulating the variables

in any way. Hence, these studies are really correlational or

observational, and not truly experimental. This type of research is

conclusive in nature, rather than exploratory. Therefore, descriptive

research does not attempt to answer “why” and is not used to

discover inferences, make predictions or establish causal

relationships (Creswell, 2013).

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Respondents

The students in a sampled senior high school institution will

serve as the key respondents for the study to examine the (YOUR

TOPIC) in Caloocan City during the Calendar Year 2019-2020.

Sampling Technique

The current study will make use of purposive sampling

technique. It is a type of non-probability sampling that is most

effective when one needs to study a certain cultural domain with

knowledgeable experts within. Reliability involves how consistent the

information is across the community and may be thought of as a

ratio of the number of correct and incorrect pieces of information

from an informant. Informants may give unreliable data voluntarily

or involuntarily because they are eager to please, may have hidden

purposes and intentions and have their own emotional issues,

principles, and viewpoints. When data appears to be incoherent and

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implausible, cross-checking and validation methods such as

triangulation may be done to verify certain ideas and concepts.

Instruments

The following instruments will be used to the current study will be

survey questionnaires. It contains questions and queries that best

examine the (YOUR TOPIC) in Caloocan City.

This instrument is used for the descriptive aspect of the study.

It has (5) four part: Part 1 Profile of the students, Part 2

___________________, and Part 3

_________________________________________.

Construction and Validation of the Instruments

The research experts most especially those who have mastery

on the type of research conducted will validate the instruments. The

researcher patterned the questionnaire in the statement of the

problem. A draft of the instrument will be written and will be

validated by the adviser for more accurate details. This will be

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considering her comments and suggestions, the final draft will be

made. The researcher will conduct pilot testing of the questionnaire

to teachers who do not belong to the sampled respondents. The

purpose of the validation is to test the instrument and to find out if

there were questions that are vague difficult to answer and subject

to revisions.

Administration and Retrieval of the Instrument

The researcher will seek permission and the consent of the

sampled senior high school institution in Caloocan City to utilize

some the school data and distribute questionnaires to the selected

(YOUR RESPONDENTS). Retrieval of questionnaires must be 100%.

Statistical treatment

The researcher used of the following statistical techniques:

1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution

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 This will be used to answer Part 1 Profile of the respondents,

Part 2 _______________. Lastly, Part 3

____________________________.

F x 100
It has the following formula: P=
N

Where P = percentage

F = frequency

N = number of respondents

2. Ranking

This will be used in the answer to problems #1, #2, and #3

3. Weighted Mean

This will be used to problem#1 to identify the indicators of

(respondents). The five-point Likert-Scale will be used.

Formula:

∑fx
Wx =
N

Where:

Wx = weighted mean

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∑fx = summation of the products of frequency and

weight

N = total number of respondent.