TITLE: DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF AN AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT USING BIPOLAR

JUNCTION TRANSISTOR

AIM:

 TO STUDY THE BEHAVIOR OF A BJT AS AN AMPLIFIER USING PROTEUS

OBJECTIVES:

 To understand the working principle of basic transistors amplifiers.

 To understand the simulation procedure of transistor amplifier using Proteus ISIS.

WORKING PROCEDURE ON PROTEUS

The circuit was built and design on Proteus platform and the circuit composed of components
such as:

 Capacitors (10nF)
 Resistors (1MΩ and 2KΩ)
 Q1(2N3904)
 DC voltmeter
 An Oscilloscope
 Input source and ground ( 12V, amplitude 10m, frequency 50hz)

The diagram of the circuit can be seen below

R1(1)
VALUE=12

R1 R2
1M 2k

C1(2) C1 Q1
AMP=50m
2N3904
OFFSET=0 +88.8
FREQ=50 10n Volts
PHASE=0
THETA=0

+88.8
Volts +88.8
Volts
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT

A signal amplifier basically called voltage amplifier convert a small input into a large input
voltage. Simply it is an electronic device that increases the power of a signal. This increase in
amplitude can be calculated by a factor known as transfer function, which is actually the ratio
between the output and input given to the amplifier. The magnitude of this transfer function is
called the gain of the amplifier.

WORKDONE

The required connection of the components was made as seen on the diagram above, with a
SINE input of amplitude 10mV, a frequency of 50Hz, OFFSET=0, PHASE =0, THETA=0. The
R1(1M) resistor serves as the RB(base resistor) of the circuit whose function in the circuit is to
limit the base current, and the 2K(R2) serves as the RC(collector resistor). The 12V input serves
as the Vcc(supply) of the circuit. Three DC voltmeters where used in the circuit, one for
recording the base voltage (VB), the second for emitter voltage (VE), and the third for collector
voltage (VC).

The circuit was simulated and values obtained at the various voltmeters were 0.70 for VB, 0.00
for VE and 6.09 for VC.

The wave form for the input and output voltages can be seen on the graph below, with the blue
waveform being the output and the red being the input.

From the graph below, the maximum voltage of the input and out is 10.0mV and 14.18mV
respectively. As the input signal was increased, the output signal also increased. From the graph
the input(red) wave is leading the output waveform

Fig 1: input value of 10mV

For an input of 20mV, an amplified output of 28.50mV was produced, as shown on the graph
below. From the graph the input (red) wave is leading the output waveform

Fig 2: input value of 20mV

For an input of 30mV, an amplified output of 42.40mV, as shown on the graph below. From the
graph the input(red) wave is leading the output waveform

Fig 3: input value of 30mV

For an input value of 40mV, an amplified output of 57.39mV, as shown below. From the graph
the input(red) wave is leading the output waveform
Fig 4: input value of 40mV

For an input of 50mV, an output value of 71.25mV, as shown below. From the graph the input
(red) wave is leading the output waveform

Fig 5: input value of 50mV

For an input of 60mV, an output value of 84.72mV, is produced as shown below. From the graph
the input (red) wave is leading the output waveform
Fig 6: input value of 60mV

INPUT(mV) OUTPUT(mV)
10 14.18
20 28.50
30 42.40
40 57.39
50 71.25
60 84.72

CONCLUSION

A signal amplifier basically called voltage amplifier convert a small input into a large input
voltage. Simply it is an electronic device that increases the power of a signal. The amount of
amplification provided by an amplifier is measured using its gain.

Comparing the magnitude of the output values to the input signifies that the signal voltage was
amplified with a voltage gain of 1.4, which was calculated from
𝑂𝑈𝑇𝑃𝑈𝑇 14.18
GAIN = = = 1.418
𝐼𝑁𝑃𝑈𝑇 10.0

The output wave lagged the input wave regardless of the value of the input value.

The value VB = 0.7 is standard for silicon BJT and is the B-E voltage drop

The value VE = 0 due the fact the section of the emitter is connected directly to the ground thus
voltage across the wire there will be 0V
The value VC = 6.09 is the collector voltage