Title: Factors Affecting the Rate of Reaction

\* Do not put all info sa video, word for word. Only put necessary information, not to say na walang
words at all sa vid. Remember to put illustrations, graphic organizers, and video clips as examples for
each factor, which I will be sending to you later, as well as with the voice over. *\

Learning Objectives:

1. Identify and understand the factors that affect the rate of reaction.
2. Explain how temperature, concentration, surface area, presence of a catalysts, and nature of
reactants affect the rate of reactions.
3. Identify which factor is shown for the situations given.
4. Answer the short test correctly and accurately.

Important Terms:

1. A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of reaction without being used up or
permanently changed.
2. The activation energy is the minimum amount of energy that the molecules of a substance must
have for reactions to occur upon collision.

Rate of Reaction is the rate at which chemical reaction proceeds. In simpler terms, the rate of reaction is
how fast or how slow a chemical reaction occurs.

Collision Theory - for particles to react, there has to be a collision. This collision has to meet two criteria:

(1) has to have enough speed or energy (2) it needs to collide in the proper direction

Temperature is the average kinetic energy of a sample

 The most important factor because it has the biggest effect on rate of reaction.
 More specifically, when we increase the temperature, the reaction rate goes up as well
 Temperature is directly proportional to the Rate of Reaction

How does it affect the rate of Reaction?

1. If particles are moving faster in a given area, there will be more overall collisions. If there are
more collisions overall, then there will be an increased chance of an effective or successful
collision
2. When you increase the average kinetic energy of the sample, the sample are going to have that
minimum amount of energy needed to have the reaction the first place.

Concentration

 increasing the concentration of the reactants results in an increase in the reaction rate
 If there is more reactants in a particular amount of space, that space is more crowded which
means there will be more total collisions
 If the will be an increase in the total number of collisions, there will be more successful collisions
overall an therefore more successful reactions
  Increase in concentration / more reactants in a space  space is more crowded  more total
collisions  more successful collisions  more successful reactions
 Concentration of Reactant directly proportional to the Rate of Reaction

Surface Area

 Increasing the surface area of reacting substances will result in an increased reaction rate
 Surface area talks about how particles are arranged specifically
 Example: If you have a big block of reacting substance, the only area that reactions can occur, is
on the surface because collisions can only take place with particles on the surface so the
collisions are limited only on the highlighted area. If the original block is cut into four pieces, you
will get the same number of particles overall containing these blocks of substances but the
surface area is increased. Originally, only the edges were exposed where the collisions could
happen but by cutting up the block, the surface area increased because now these are surfaces
as well where collisions can happen
 Decrease particle size  surface area increases  more total collisions  more successful
collisions  more successful reactions
 Particle size of Reactant inversely proportional to the Rate of Reaction

Presence of a Catalyst

 A catalyst works by lowering the activation energy of a reaction which makes it easier to have a
successful collision and if it's easier to have successful collision there will be more successful
collisions which will result in more successful reactions.
 Therefore, the lower the activation energy, the faster the rate of reaction. And the higher the
activation energy, the slower the rate of reaction. Simply, the activation energy is inversely
proportional to the rate of reaction.
 For example: Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas
 When this reaction takes place at room temperature on its own, it happens really slowly. Here,
we have two test tubes. Both are filled with hydrogen peroxide and at room temperature so this
reaction is currently really slowly which is why you can't see it. But, if a catalyst is added to the
test tube on the right, in this case manganese dioxide, the will reaction occurs much faster to
the point where you can see all the bubbles coming out since all the oxygen is being released all
at once.
 Opposite of catalyst is an inhibitor, which slows down a chemical reaction. An example of which
is aspirin that inhibits the synthesis of enzymes responsible for pain and swelling.

Nature of the Reactants

Some substances simply react faster than others due to the fact that in order for something to react,
bonds are broken and new bonds are formed.

This has 2 main factors:

1. The nature of the bonds:

  Examples: The first is reactions between ions and solution. The ions are dissolved in water.
 Here, the silver ion is reacting with the chloride ion to form silver chloride, a precipitate. This
reaction is going to happen very fast and if you ever done a precipitation reaction or seen one
you know that precipitates formed very quickly as soon as the ions come in contact with each
other.
 On the other hand, reactions between substances with covalent bonds are significantly slower
and we can actually refer back to the reaction we just saw the hydrogen peroxide
decomposing into water and oxygen, which is very, very slow without a catalyst.
 This has a connection to biology. Since most of the reactions that take place in your body are
reactions involving covalent bonds, which happens very slowly, your body has special catalysts
called enzymes which are proteins that act as catalysts that make the reactions between
covalent compounds in your body happen much faster than they would otherwise would. to
that in general you can always say that
2. Phase or State of reactants.
 Liquids and gases or reactants in the liquid and gaseous phases react faster than solids.