THE ANALYSIS OF WORD FORMATION

IN INDONESIAN HEADLINE NEWS IN

TEMPO.CO WEBSITE
Program of English Department
Faculty of Language and Art
Universitas Negeri Padang
Abhid Al Kauthsar
18019001
Abhid136@gmail.com

Abstract
This research aimes to find out what kind of word formation that used in
the headline news of TEMPO.CO. The research is descriptive qualitative
research where reseacher tries to find out the word formation from the headline
news of TEMPO.CO. The data sources is all the parts of words in the headline
news of TEMPO.CO. The result of analyzing data were the type of word
formation found in headline news. The type of word formation are
compounding, borrowing, affixation, reduplication, morpheme internal
changes, suppletion, derivation, acronyms, back formation, blending, clipping,
coinage, functional shift, morphological misanalysis, proper name, and
borrowing. From the conclusion of this reseach the writter suggest that to
improve their mastery of vocabulary , the readers should apply the word
formation by breaking the word into its element root, affix and suffix because
from one word they can get the structure of words and they also find how the
word built. By knowing the word formation , the readers can know the origin of
the word by themselves.

Keyword : compounding, borrowing, affixation, reduplication, morpheme

internal changes, suppletion, derivation, acronyms, back formation, blending,
clipping, coinage, functional shift, morphological misanalysis, proper name,
borrowing, word, root, suffix, affix
 Introduction

The word morphology is derived from the Greek word morphe and logos.
Morph eans form and logos means science. Morphology is system of categories
and the rules involved in the creation and interpretation of complex words (
O’Grady and Dobrovolsky, 1993). Many words are made of smaller units of
meaning, and these units are combined in particular ways, forming word. In
other words, morphology is the branch of linguistics that studies patterns of
word formation and across languages, and attempts to formulate rules that
the knowledge of the speakers of those languages. Word formation is
creation of a new word, sometimes it changes the word’s meaning.
Word is the most important thing in a language. Everyone knows that
language as a communication used by society to work together, interacting,
and to identification itself. The words are usually can be found in dictionary,
magazine, bulletin, and newspaper.
One of the language phenomenons is in the practice of language used in
online news, The Tempo.co newspaper. Tempo.co is one of the daily
Indonesian newspaper which is using English language. Tempo.co presented
with various of news, such as sport, entertainment, education, etc.
On online news, language is used as communication between writer
and the reader. Online news is verbal descriptions and written material,
including articles, journal, and etc. Online news is also introduces the
reader to these cultural and linguistic concepts. Because it is natural sources
of meaning linguistic and cultural news.

Review of related literature

Morphology has encouraged some researchers to conduct research related

to morphological study. According to Haspelmath and Sims (2010:2)
morphology is the study of word formation, including the ways new words are
coined in the languages of the world. The way forms of words are varied
depending on how we are used in sentences. We must have knowledge about
how to form new words. We also recognize and understand new words that we
never heard before. As the language develops every time, there are new
languages and terms emerge day by day in the society. A new language and
term use new words that we can relate to the one of linguistics branches of the
morphological aspect namely word formation process. In the process of word
formation, there are exploring some of the basic processes by which new words
are created such as derivation, prefixes and suffixes, etc. According to Yule
(2005:57) the process of word formation in creation of new English words, this
process is called derivation.
 Morphology refers to the branch of linguistics that deals with words, their
internal structure, and how they are formed. According to Haspelmath and Sims
(2010:3) Linguists often describe alternations with a special set of
morphological rules, which were historically phonetically motivated, but affect
morphology.
Morphological analysis typically consists of the identification of partsof
words or more technically, constituents of words. According to Haspelmath and
Sims (2010:1) morphology is the study of the internal structure of words.
Somewhat paradoxically, morphology is both the oldest and one of the youngest
sub disciplines of grammar. It is the oldest because, as far as we know, the first
linguists were primarily morphologists.
For example, we can say that the word nut consists of two constituents:
the element nut and the elements. In accordance with a widespread
typographical convention, we will often separate word constituents by a
hyphen: nut-s. It is often suggested that morphological analysis primarily
consists in breaking up words into their parts and establishing the rules that
govern the co-occurrence of these parts. The smallest meaningful constituents
of words that can be identified are called morphemes. In nut-s, both -s and nut
are morphemes. Other examples of words consisting of two morphemes would
be breaking, hope-less, re-write, cheese-board; words consisting of three
morphemes are re-writ-ing, hope-less-ness, ear-plug-s; etc. (Haspelmath and
Sims, 2010:3).
Linguists define a morpheme as the smallest unit of language that has its
own meaning. Simple words like giraffe, wiggle, or yellow are morphemes, but
so are prefixes like re-and pre-and suffixes like -ize and -er. There are far more
to be said about morphemes but for now we can use the term morpheme to help
us come up with a more precise and coherent definition of word (Aronoff and
Fudeman, 2011:2).
Morphemes have two types for English word. There are free morphemes
and bound morphemes. Free A free morpheme is one that can stand on its own –
that is, it’s an entire word. Examples the, cat, run, pretty, trapezoid free
morphemes may appear with other bound morphemes attached to them,
crucially, though they don’t need to have other morphemes on them. A bound
morpheme cannot stand on its own, but rather must be attached to a free
morpheme whenever you say it. Examples re-, un-, -est, -er, -fer. Some
morphemes are roots, others are affixes. According to Aronoff and Fudeman
(2011:2) a root is like a stem in constituting the core of the word to which other
pieces attach, but the term refers only to morphologically simple 2017. Journal
of Linguistics, English Education and Art (LEEA) 1 (1):30-3632units. Root the
primary piece of meaning in a word, to which affixes can be added. In English,
a root is often a word itself.
In the process of word formation, there are explore some of the basic
processes by which new words are created specifically for derivation.
According to Yule (2006:57) derivation is the process of word formation to be
found in the production of new English word. The process of word formation
through the addition affix(suffix), which can be either a prefix(prefix) or
suffix(suffix).For example of the addition prefix as like asleep for a+ sleep,
rewrite for re + write, incorrect for in + correct. And the addition of the suffix as
like importance for import + ance as the suffix, enjoyment for enjoy + ment,
happiness for happy + ness. All english words formed by derivational process
have either prefix or suffix, or both. But according to Haspelmath & Sims
(2010:87-89) stated, there are too many types of derivational meaning to present
here, but it is worth discussing one frequent characteristic of derivation.
Derivational patterns commonly change the word-class of the base lexeme –i.e.
nouns can be derived from verbs, adjectives from nouns, and so on.
Understanding the different word formation processes will help us
undertand the creation of the words, especially the english word. New words can
be formed through the processes of derivation, compounding, acronyms, back
formation, blending, clipping, coinage, functional shift, borrowing, affixation,
reduplication, morpheme internal changes, and proper names.
These are some word formation that we found after analysis the twenty
headline news in “Tempo.co” on December 2019:

Derivation
Derivation is the process by which a new word is built from a base, usuallyy
through the addition of an affix (is a type of bound morpheme that is always
attached to the base or rootof word). The noun helper, for example, is related to the
verb help via derivation.
Compounding
Compounding is a word formed by the combination of two independent
words. This is a process of combining twoor more independent words to form a
single word.
Acronym
These word are formed by taking the initial sounds of the words or new
words of a phrase and uniting them into a combination which is itself
pronounceable as a separated.
Suppletion
is the replacement of one stem with another, resulting in an allomorph of
a morpheme which has no phonological similarity to the other allomorphs.
Clipping
Frequently we shorten words without paying attention to the derivational
morphology of the word (or related words).
Nonetheless, there are other word formation processes like 1) Back
formation, process called analogy to derive new words, but in the rather
backward manner. 2) Blending, which happens separate words are put together
regardless of their morpheme structure. 3). Borrowing, which occurs when a
foreign term is adapted to the language. 4). Proper names, are named for
persons somehow connected with them; for intance, Washingtn D.C,etc.

Research Method
In this research, the researcher uses the descriptive qualitative method.
The d a t a source is Tempo.co Website. The researcher as the key instrument
because the researcher himself collected, described and analyzing the data
found from headline twenty articles in Tempo.co in December 2019. There are
four data collecting technique: the first, the researcher will read the source of
the data, the second, the researcher select the selected article of headlines, then
the data are written on a list that has been supplied and the last is the data is
being written in table will be classified in accordance with the appropriate
category. After collecting the data, the researcher analyzes the data. There are
four activities to analyze data: The researcher read the Headlines of article, the
researcher chosen by identifying the kinds of word formation in some
Headlines of article in Tempo.co online, the researcher underlined the word
that which included word formation, the data are analyzed and quantify results
on the data table.

Analysis and finding

DATA
1. Jakarta’s Giant Sea wall bursts . (Tempo.CO , Wed 4 Dec 2019)
2. Revisting the concept of previlage in social system . (Tempo.CO , Wed 4
Dec 2019)
3. Jokowi signs bill mandating online sellers to be licensed. (Tempo.CO ,
Wed 4 Dec 2019)
4. Sandiaga uno : Jakarta sees hike in unemployment rate. (Tempo.CO ,
Wed 4 Dec 2019)
5. Garuda CEO’s wealth report did not mention Harley Davidson .
(Tempo.CO , Wed 4 Dec 2019)
6. Novel Baswedan’s counsel request 2 things from komnas HAM.
(Tempo.CO , Wed 4 Dec 2019)
7. Jakarta police set security measure for 3 years-end agendas. (Tempo.CO ,
Wed 4 Dec 2019)
8. Police call for vigilance about tourism post monas blast . (Tempo.CO ,
Wed 4 Dec 2019)
9. Ma’ruf Amin slams Luhut for holding party meeting at state office.
(Tempo.CO , Wed 4 Dec 2019)
10.Erick Thohir to shot off SOEs running sector outside business key.
(Tempo.CO , Wed 4 Dec 2019)
11.Recomendation to improve legal timber production and trade.
(Tempo.CO , Wed 4 Dec 2019)
 12.Bappenas proposes 3 region as international fish market. (Tempo.CO ,
Wed 4 Dec 2019)
13.Komnas HAM urges police to expose Novel Baswedan case. (Tempo.CO
, Wed 4 Dec 2019)
14.Garuda Director in Harley Davidson smuggling could be discharged.
(Tempo.CO , Wed 4 Dec 2019)
15.President Jokowi ratifies electronic system trade law. (Tempo.CO , Wed
4 Dec 2019)
16.“Cool it” , france and germany to tell trump at NATO talks . (Tempo.CO
, Wed 4 Dec 2019)
17.Garuda Indonesia official denies GMF hangar exclusivity. (Tempo.CO ,
Wed 4 Dec 2019)
18.November saw over 1.000 micro earthquake hitting Indonesia.
(Tempo.CO , Wed 4 Dec 2019)
19.Mahfud MD speaks about industrialized legal system . (Tempo.CO , Wed
4 Dec 2019)
20.Nadiem Makarim set to revamp Indonesia’s grading system. (Tempo.CO
, Wed 4 Dec 2019)

ANALYSIS

1. Derivation
a. Suffix: -s = bursts
2. Derivation
a. Prefix : pre- = previlage
b. Suffix : -ing = revisting
3. Derivation
a. Suffix : -ing = mandating
-ed = licensed
-s = sellers
4. Derivation
a. Prefix : un- = unemployment
b. Suffix: -s = sees
5. Acronym :CEO
Suppletion: do => did
6. Clipping : komnas
Acronym : HAM
7. Derivation
Suf : -ity = security
-s = agendas
Compounding: years & end => years-end
8. Derivation
Suf : -ance =vigelance
9. Derivation
Suf : -ing = holding , meeting
-s = slams
10.Acronym : SOE
Derivation
Suf : -ing = running
Compounding : outside
11.Derivation
Pre :re- = recommendation
Suf : -ion : recommendation, production
12.Clipping : bapennas
Derivation
Suf: -al = international
-s = proposes
13.Clipping : komnas
Acronym : HAM
Derivation:
Suf: -s = urges
14.Derivation
Suf : -or = director
-ing = smuggling
Pre : dis- = discharged
Suppletion: can => could
15.Derivation:
Suf: -es = ratifies
16.Acronym : NATO
Derivation:
Suf: -s = talks
17.Derivation
Suf: -al = official
-ity = exclusivity
-es = denies
Acronym : GMF
18.Compounding : earthquake
Derivation
Suf : -ing = hitting
Suppletion: see => saw
19.Acronym : MD
Derivation
Suf : -ized = industrialized
-s = speaks
20.Derivation
Suf : -ing = grading
 Pre: re- = revamp

FINDINGS
NO ANALYSIS FINDING NO ANALYSIS FINDING NO ANALYSIS FINDING
DERIVATION 1 DERIVATION 1 DERIVATION 2
ACRONYM - COMPOUNDING 1 COMPOUNDING -
1 COMPOUNDING - 10 ACRONYM 1 19 ACRONYM 1
SUPPLETION - SUPPLETION - SUPPLETION -
CLIPPING - CLIPPING - CLIPPING -
DERIVATION 2 DERIVATION 3 DERIVATION 2
ACRONYM - ACRONYM - COMPOUNDING -
2 COMPOUNDING - 11 COMPOUNDING - 20 ACRONYM -
SUPPLETION - SUPPLETION - SUPPLETION -
CLIPPING - CLIPPING - CLIPPING -
DERIVATION 3 DERIVATION 2
COMPOUNDING - ACRONYM -
3 ACRONYM - 12 COMPOUNDING -
SUPPLETION - SUPPLETION -
CLIPPING - CLIPPING 1
DERIVATION 2 DERIVATION 1
COMPOUNDING - COMPOUNDING -
4 ACRONYM - 13 ACRONYM 1
SUPPLETION - SUPPLETION -
CLIPPING - CLIPPING 1
DERIVATION - DERIVATION 3
COMPOUNDING - COMPOUNDING -
5 ACRONYM 1 14 ACRONYM -
SUPPLETION 1 SUPPLETION 1
CLIPPING - CLIPPING -
DERIVATION - DERIVATION 1
COMPOUNDING - COMPOUNDING -
6 ACRONYM 1 15 ACRONYM -
SUPPLETION - SUPPLETION -
CLIPPING 1 CLIPPING -
DERIVATION 2 DERIVATION 1
COMPOUNDING 1 COMPOUNDING -
7 ACRONYM - 16 ACRONYM 1
SUPPLETION 2 SUPPLETION -
CLIPPING - CLIPPING -
DERIVATION 1 DERIVATION 3
COMPOUNDING - COMPOUNDING -
8 ACRONYM - 17 ACRONYM 1
SUPPLETION - SUPPLETION -
CLIPPING - CLIPPING -
 DERIVATION 3 DERIVATION 1
COMPOUNDING - COMPOUNDING 1
ACRONYM - ACRONYM -
9 18
SUPPLETION - SUPPLETION 1

CLIPPING - CLIPPING -
Table 1.1 Total word Formation in twenty headline
The result of this research showed that there were word formation words
in the headline of twenty headline articles in “Tempo.co’’ in D e c e m b e r
2019 as follow:

Derivation (31):
Suffix:
-s = bursts, sellers, sees, agendas, proposes, urges, ratifies, talks, denies,
speaks
-ing = revisiting, mandating, running, smuggling, hitting, grading
-ed = licensed
-ity = security, exclusivity
-ance = vigilance
-ion = recommendation, production
-al = international, official
-or = director
-ized = industrialized

Prefix:
pre- = previlage
un- = unemployment
re- = recommendation, revamp
dis- = discharged

Suppletion (3):
do => did
can => could
see => saw

Compounding (3) :
years & end => years-end
Out & side => outside
Earth & quake => earthquake

Acronym (6) :
CEO (Chief Executive Officer)
HAM (Hak Asasi Manusia)
 SOE (Special Operations Executive)
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
GMF (Garuda Maintenance Facility)
MD (Mahmudin)

Clipping (2) :
Komnas (komisi nasional)
Bapennas (Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional)

This section discusses the research and findings in relation to the

problem on the most common of word formation that is used in twenty
Headline articles “TEMPO.co” in December 2019 that is derivation. The
derivation is seldom used in content of article. This process of the
derivation is from base word and the addition prefix and suffix. And the least of
word formation that used in twenty headline articles “TEMPO.co” in December
2019 that is clipping. The clipping is rarely to used in headline news. This
process of clipping is shortening of a longer word, often reducing it to one
syllables.

Conclusion

Based on the research conducted in headline of twenty articles

“TEMPO.co” in December 2019, it can be concluded that the new words which
are formed through word formation. Actually, many characteristics of word
formation processes such as derivation process, compounding process,
acronym process, suppletion process and clipping process and many other
but the writer find among 45 word formation with five kinds of word formation
process 31 words included of derivation, 3 words included of compounding, 6
words included of acronym, 3 words included of suppletion and 2 word
included of clipping. So that the writer tries to find the most common of word
formation that is used headline of twenty articles in “TEMPO.co” in
December 2019, that is derivation and clipping is rarely or the least used in the
content of article.
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Jakarta’s Giant Sea wall bursts. (Tempo.CO, Wed 4 Dec 2019) retrieved from
https://en.tempo.co/read/1280123/jakartas-giant-sea-wall-bursts
Revisiting the concept of previlage in social system. (Tempo.CO, Wed 4 Dec
2019) retrieved from https://en.tempo.co/read/1280131/revisiting-the-
concept-of-privilege-in-social-system
Jokowi signs bill mandating online sellers to be licensed. (Tempo.CO, Wed 4
Dec 2019) retrieved from https://en.tempo.co/read/1280128/jokowi-signs-
bill-mandating-online-sellers-to-be-licensed
Sandiaga uno : Jakarta sees hike in unemployment rate. (Tempo.CO, Wed 4
Dec 2019) retrieved from https://en.tempo.co/read/1280096/sandiaga-uno-
jakarta-sees-hike-in-unemployment-rate
Garuda CEO’s wealth report did not mention Harley Davidson. (Tempo.CO,
Wed 4 Dec 2019) retrieved from
https://en.tempo.co/read/1280115/garuda-ceos-wealth-report-did-not-
mention-harley-davidson
Novel Baswedan’s counsel request 2 things from komnas HAM. (Tempo.CO,
Wed 4 Dec 2019) retrieved from https://en.tempo.co/read/1280099/novel-
baswedans-counsel-requests-2-things-from-komnas-ham
Jakarta police set security measure for 3 years-end agendas. (Tempo.CO, Wed
4 Dec 2019) retrieved from https://en.tempo.co/read/1280068/jakarta-
police-set-security-measures-for-3-year-end-agendas
Police call for vigilance about tourism post monas blast. (Tempo.CO, Wed 4
Dec 2019) retrieved from https://en.tempo.co/read/1280044/police-call-
for-vigilance-about-terrorism-post-monas-blast
Ma’ruf Amin slams Luhut for holding party meeting at state office. (Tempo.CO,
Wed 4 Dec 2019) retrieved from https://en.tempo.co/read/1280026/maruf-
amin-slams-luhut-for-holding-party-meeting-at-state-office
Erick Thohir to shot off SOEs running sector outside business key. (Tempo.CO,
Wed 4 Dec 2019) retrieved from https://en.tempo.co/read/1280000/erick-
thohir-to-shut-off-soes-running-sector-outside-business-key
Recomendation to improve legal timber production and trade. (Tempo.CO,
Wed 4 Dec 2019) retrieved from
https://en.tempo.co/read/1280041/recommendations-to-improve-legal-
timber-production-and-trade
Bappenas proposes 3 regions as international fish market. (Tempo.CO, Wed 4
Dec 2019) retrieved from https://en.tempo.co/read/1279952/bappenas-
proposes-3-regions-as-international-fish-markets
Komnas HAM urges police to expose Novel Baswedan case. (Tempo.CO, Wed
4 Dec 2019) retrieved from https://en.tempo.co/read/1279922/komnas-
ham-urges-police-to-expose-novel-baswedan-case
Garuda Director in Harley Davidson smuggling could be discharged.
(Tempo.CO, Wed 4 Dec 2019) retrieved from
https://en.tempo.co/read/1279901/garuda-director-in-harley-davidson-
smuggling-could-be-discharged
President Jokowi ratifies electronic system trade law. (Tempo.CO, Wed 4 Dec
2019) retrieved from https://en.tempo.co/read/1279878/president-jokowi-
ratifies-electronic-systems-trade-law
“Cool it”, france and germany to tell trump at NATO talks . (Tempo.CO, Wed
4 Dec 2019) retrieved from https://en.tempo.co/read/1279879/cool-it-
france-and-germany-to-tell-trump-at-nato-talks
Garuda Indonesia official denies GMF hangar exclusivity. (Tempo.CO, Wed 4
Dec 2019) retrieved from https://en.tempo.co/read/1279860/garuda-
indonesia-official-denies-gmf-hangar-exclusivity
November saw over 1.000 micro earthquake hitting Indonesia. (Tempo.CO,
Wed 4 Dec 2019) retrieved from
https://en.tempo.co/read/1279838/november-saw-over-1000-micro-
earthquakes-hitting-indonesia
Mahfud MD speaks about industrialized legal system. (Tempo.CO, Wed 4 Dec
2019) retrieved from
https://today.line.me/id/article/Mahfud+MD+Speaks+about+Industrialized
+Legal+System-o3zBJP
Nadiem Makarim set to revamp Indonesia’s grading system. (Tempo.CO, Wed
4 Dec 2019) retrieved from https://en.tempo.co/read/1279820/nadiem-
makarim-set-to-revamp-indonesias-grading-system