Frede Lee E.

Flores Physical Education III Saturdays, 7:30 AM – 10:30 AM

HANDBALL

Question no. 1: Relate to Handball’s history, development, the people responsible and some
of its important or notable events.

Answer:

Handball is a fast-paced team game that was first played in Scandinavia and Germany (the
game were called handbold in Denmark, hazena in the Czech Republic, handbol in Ukraine,
and torball in Germany) at the end of the 19th century. However, there is evidence of ancient
Roman women playing a version of handball called expulsim ludere. There are records of
handball-like games in medieval France, and among the Inuit in Greenland, in the middle ages.

The rules for modern handball was drawn up by Danish gym teacher Holger Nielsen in 1898
and published in 1906. Rasmus Nicolai, also a Danish teacher, drew up similar rules in 1897. In
Germany, handball rules were published by Max Heiser, Karl Schelenz and Erich Konigh in 1917.
Schelenz adjusted the rules a few years later, and it was these adjusted rules that were used
for the very first international game of handball for men in 1925 when Germany met Belgium.
The first international game of handball for women took place five years later when Germany
met Austria, and the same rules were used for that match as well.

In 1926, the Congress of the International Amateur Athletics Federation nominated a committee
to draw up international rules for field handball. Two years later, the International Amateur
Handball Federation was founded. Handball continued to flourish in Scandinavia and Germany,
and men's field handball was showcased at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. After that, it
would however take until the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich before men's handball became
a part of the Olympics, and women's handball wasn't added until the 1976 Summer Olympics in
Montreal.

Men's handball world championship premiered in 1938 before going on hiatus until the end of
World War II. It then was played every 4 (sometimes 3) years to 1995. Since the 1995 world
championship in Iceland, the world championship has been in biannual event. The first women's
handball world championship took place in 1957.

On July 11, 1946, the International Handball Federation (IHF) was formed at the initiative and
invitation of Denmark and Sweden. The founding members of the new federation was France,
the Netherlands, Switzerland, Poland, Norway, and – of course – Denmark and Sweden. The
IHF replaced the International Amateur Handball Federation (IAHF). Today, the IHF has nearly
170 members and governs about 795,000 teams worldwide.

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Question no. 2: What are the facilities, equipments, parts and dimensions of Handball?

Answer:

Team Handball Equipment

 Goals - The goals of handball are about two meters by three meters.
 Ball - The ball used in handball is similar to soccer and basketball, but it not like the
latter game. The ball is soft and is also capable of being easily dribbled and passed. The
design of the ball is similar but not as hard.
 The Field - The field of handball is generally 40 meters long and 20 meters wide. It
must have a dividing line in the middle and goal at each ends.
 Shoes - For handball any particular form of sports shoes is useful, but there are
specialized shoes which are available as well. These shoes are not used for national for
inter-state meets, but are reserved for international tournaments.
 Gloves - In a game of handball, gloves play a crucial role to protect the hand while
catching a fast flying handball. The game be played without the help of gloves for sure,
but the risk of calluses and bruises always remain. There is also a potential danger of
injuring the finger or the hands. The gloves meant for handball are specially made to
offer protection from the force of the incoming ball, so a typical pair of winter gloves is
not adequate at all. As per types of handball gloves; there are two such types: full-
coverage and partial-coverage.
 Protective Eye Wear - This is absolutely for safety purpose. As the game of handball
is played with high speed, so the risk to the eye always remains. So in order to avert
such untoward incident the protective eye wear must be worn. Goggles are the best eye
protections that can be purchased for game of handball. The goggles must be selected
with care as and it must ensure best protection to the eye and offer comfort as well.
 Handballs - Handballs can be purchased from any local stores and the related
information can be found on internet as well. The individual can choose the required ball
according to his fancy, of course the ball should be meant for the game of handball. It is
strictly advised that the balls meant for other sports like soccer, basketball, volleyball,
should be avoided; although these balls are somewhat same is weight and size to
handball. Using the wrong type of ball increases the risk of injury.
 Attire - As far as the attire is concerned there is actually no fixed rule about the attire in
handball as long as the player is wearing an appropriate one related to the game, such
as shorts, t-shirt and proper pair of sports shoes for the process.

Parts and Dimension

The handball court is 40 meters long and 20 meters wide, and is equally divided by the center
line. The goal is 3 meters wide and 2 meters in height. Needless to say, handball’s court is
much bigger than the standard basketball court.

 The Playing Field: The playing field measures 40 meters by 20 meters.

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  Half Line: A half line (denoted as 'center line' in the court diagram) divides the court
into two equal halves.
 Free Throw Line: A free throw line is marked in a near-semicircular manner. It is 9
meters away from the goal. If a foul is committed outside the goal area line, the
offensive team gets a free throw. The free throw is supposed to be taken anywhere
beyond this line. It is differentiated from the goal area line by dotting it; that is, it is not
marked by a continuous line.
 Goal Area Line: This is a line inside the free throw line. It is 6 meters away from the
goal. The defensive goalkeeper is free to move anywhere inside the area limited by this
line. However, he cannot move beyond the goalkeeper's line. The defensive goalkeeper
is allowed to touch the ball with his feet and any part of the body when he is in this
area. He can behave like any outfield player in this area. No outfield player is allowed
inside this area.
 Penalty Line: This line is 7 meters away from the center of the goal. If the defensive
team commits a foul inside the goal area, the offensive team gets a penalty. The penalty
is similar to the penalty in football. However, as the players are not allowed to step
inside the goal area, they jump into the air, nearer to the goal and then throw while in
midair. No other player is allowed to intervene while the penalty is in progress.
 Goalkeeper's Line: This line is only for the defensive goalkeeper, and he is not
allowed to venture beyond this point with the ball in his possession.

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  Substitution Area: The substitution area is where the substitutes and the team coach
sit when the match is in progress. The area is defined by two markings 4.5 meters away
from the center line. This means that the substitution area is 9 meters long. There are 2
substitution benches on each side of the court. They are supposed to be 7 meters away
from each other. No coach, team official, or substitute is allowed to leave the
substitution area while the game is in play.

 Goals: The goal's opening measures 3 meters by 2 meters. The thickness of the posts
should be 8 centimeters. A post should be colored in two alternating colors so that it is
visible by the outfield players clearly. A net should always be tethered to the posts.

Question no. 3: What are the skills and things we need to learn in Handball?

Answer:

1. Receiving is the set of movements through which a player gains possession of the ball.
It consists of three phases:

o preparatory phase, when the player prepares to receive the ball by stretching
the upper limbs and flexing the back of his/her hands, with thumbs and index
fingers making a right angle with each other;

o ball possession, when the player’s thumbs are tighten on the ball facilitating
closing movement of the other fingers;

o amortizing, when the player flexes his/her arms towards his/her upper body to
cushion the speed of the ball.

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 2. Catching is the way a player holds the ball. Initially, the player holds the ball with two
hands with his/her fingers spread sideways. Then he/she holds it with one hand, to
prepare the shot: thumb, little finger and ring finger grip the ball, whereas index and
middle fingers transmit the energy to perform the shot or pass.

3. Dribbling allows moving on the field while maintaining ball possession. It occurs only
under special conditions, for example when there is a gap, there are no teammates to
whom passing the ball, or man-to-man defense needs to be applied. The ball should not
be accompanied by any movement and after stopping the dribble, it cannot be resumed.
Dribbling can be performed:

o in place, a flexion and extension of the forearm at the elbow joint, the hand
leaning open on the ball, finger-wide, while pushing down with wrist flexion so as
to provide the necessary force on the ball to bounce back;

o moving, pushing the ball firmly down and forward, to run faster. It is used
during the counterattack and when a player needs to wait until teammates have
taken up position.

4. Passing is the basic skill allowing all attack actions and it should follow a flat not too
fast trajectory at chest level. A handball pass is done by holding the ball in one hand.
Right-handed players should move the left foot forward, twisting of the trunk to the
right. Initially, the right arm loads backwards for the shot, then it flexes forward keeping
the elbow in line with right ear. In the end, the wrist makes a whip-like motion of the
wrist.

5. Shooting is the final part of the action and it aims at scoring a goal. Technically it is
similar to passing, but the action is much more forceful and fast. In handball there are
two main types of shot:

o Standing shot: to achieve the necessary thrust, the player takes a three steps
run-up. The first step is taken right after receiving the ball. The ball is not
stopped at the chest level: the player holds it with both hands and brings it
towards the shooting shoulder. Then the run-up movement begins and the arm
holding the ball is stretched back. The second step coincides with the throw
stance and the player’s left shoulder and left hip are directed into the shot
direction. The arm and hand holding the ball end the throw movement during
the last step.

o Jump shot: the run-up is similar to that of the standing shot, but the last step
works as a support for the jump and the shot is taken in the air. The up thrust is
given by the supporting leg that pushes off, helped by the thrust of the other
bending leg. During the elevation, the upper body is turned towards the shooting
arm, which is in a backward position.

6. Catching is the last chance to prevent the opponent from scoring. While defending the
goal, the goalkeeper stands in a standby position: parallel feet, legs spread slightly apart

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 and knees slightly flexed, upper body tilting forward, flexed arms and body weight
shifted onto the forefoot. The goalkeeper must stand within 1 m distance from the goal.
During the game he/she moves from one goalpost to the other describing a semicircle.
Then, starting from the basic position, the goalkeeper will use different kind of saves
according to the type of shot.

Question no. 4: What are the basic rules, how the game is played, violations and penalties?

Answer:

Game Duration

According to international rules, a game consists of two 30-minute halves, with a 10-minute
break or timeout in between. If at all the game ends in a tie after regulation time, it leads to
overtime, that consists of two 5-minute periods, with a 1-minute timeout in between them.
Even after the ten minutes of extra time, if the game is still tied, then a penalty shootout takes
places to decide the eventual winner.

The Ball

It is made of either synthetic or leather material, and the surface is not shiny or smooth. The
players can apply a slimy thick substance commonly known as 'stickum' on their hands for extra
grip on the ball. The circumference and weight according to the categories of teams playing
are:

 For men above 16 years, the circumference of the ball is 58 to 60 cm, and the weight is
425 - 475 grams (IHF size 3).

 For women above 14, and male youth in the age group of 12 to 16, it is 54 - 56 cm, and
the weight is between 325 and 375 grams (IHF size 2).

 For boys and girls in the age group between 8 and 14 (girls 8 - 14 and boys 8 - 12), it is
50 to 52 cm, and the weight is between 290 to 330 grams (IHF size 1).

Referee

A game has two referees who impose the rules and control the game. They keep switching
positions from being a goal referee to a center referee while both the teams keep moving back
and forth across the court.

Scoring a Goal

A goal is said to be scored when the ball crosses the back goal line completely within the goal.
In the goal area, the goalkeeper reigns supreme, and a player has to shoot from outside the
goal area only. If a player scores in his own team's goal, the other side gets the point. A goal
declared by the referee cannot be taken back or disallowed in the course of the game, and the
entry of the goal is mandatory.

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Player Uniform

All players of a team wear the same color jersey, except the goalkeeper. This is done to
distinguish between the goalkeeper and other team players, so as to avoid any confusion.
Players are numbered between 0 - 20 and these numbers are marked on their jerseys on the
front and back.

Rules of Handball

The six metre line - No handball player (other than the goalkeeper) is allowed in the goal
area (inside the 6m line). Exceptions are after a shot on goal, when the player jumps into the
area and shoots the ball before landing in the goal area.

‘Walking’ - If a handball player takes more than three steps without dribbling (bouncing the
ball) or holds the ball for more than 3 seconds without bouncing it, shooting or passing, then
that is deemed ‘walking' and possession is lost.

'Double dribble’ - Handball players cannot receive the ball and bounce it, then hold the ball,
and bounce it again. This is termed ‘double dribble’ and is against the rules.

‘Kicking’ - Handball players (other than the goalkeeper) must not kick the ball. If the ball
touches the foot, then possession is awarded to the opposition.

Handball fouls - No tripping, pushing, hitting, clinching, charging or holding is allowed in

handball.

Free-throws in handball - These are awarded for slight infringements of the rules. All
defenders are required to stay 3m (9.84ft) away from the person taking the free-throw.

Penalty-throws in handball - These are awarded when denying a clear scoring opportunity
with an infringement.

Handball sanctions - Depending on the seriousness of the offenses, the referee can award
players with either a yellow card (warning), suspension (2 minutes sitting out), or a red card
(dismissal).

Throw-ins - These are awarded after the ball has crossed a side line. It is taken by the side
that did not touch it last, with the player putting one foot on the line where ball went out and
passing it back into the court.

Corners - A corner is taken by the attacking side when a defender has knocked the ball over
the goal line (other than in the goal). The player puts one foot on the corner of the side line
and the goal line and passes the ball in.

Goal-throws - This occurs when the ball comes off a goalkeeper and crosses the goal line.
The goalkeeper then takes the throw from within their own area.

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 Things to Remember

 A match consists of two periods of 30 minutes each.

 Each team consists of 7 players; a goalkeeper and 6 outfield players.

 Outfield players can touch the ball with any part of their body that is above the knee.

 Once a player receives possession, they can pass, hold possession or shoot.

 If a player holds possession, they can dribble or take three steps for up to three seconds
without dribbling.

 Only the goalkeeper is allowed to come into contact with the floor of the goal area.

 Goalkeepers are allowed out of the goal area but must not retain possession if they are
outside the goal area.

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